Relevant bibliographies by topics / Four character compounds

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Four character compounds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Four character compounds"

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Li, Yan, and Muneyoshi Hyodo. "the effect of orthographic information in Japanese and Chinese Four-Character Idiomatic Compounds recognition." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (September 10, 2014): 2EV—1–078–2EV—1–078. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_2ev-1-078.

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Malekani, Kalumbu, James A. Rice, and Jar-Shyong Lin. "Fractal Character of Humin and its Components." Fractals 05, supp02 (1997): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x9700084x.

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Natural organic matter in soils is usually found in intimate association with inorganic materials, primarily aluminosilicates, during the early stages of diagenesis to form an organo-mineral composite known as humin. Such composites typically represent more than 50% of the organic carbon present. Because of humin's insolubility and the surface reactivity of its organic components it is recognized as an important adsorbent of many anthropogenic organic compounds introduced into natural soil systems. Fractal analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering data was used to characterize the surface roughness of four humin samples following sequential removal of organic matter. The surface fractal dimensions were observed to decrease with removal of organic matter which also resulted in a decrease in surface pore size. These results suggest that the mineral components of humin have smooth surfaces over length scales of ~ 1 to ~ 15 nm, and that it is the organic matter coatings that are responsible for their surface roughness. Models clay-organic compounds exhibited results that are consistent with the observation made for natural samples. The surfaces of all the components of humin were found to be dominated by micro- and mesopores that could explain humin's high sorptive uptake of organic chemicals in the environment.
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Wang, Cheng Lin, Xiang Wei Zhu, and Shu Shen Liu. "Toxicity Studies of Ionic Liquids and Heavy Metal Compounds to MCF-7 and Photobacteria Q67." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.721.

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The inhibition toxicities of four ionic liquids and four heavy metal compounds to MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67) were determined using MTS assay and microplate toxicity analysis, respectively. The resulting concentration-response data was modeled by using sigmoidal models (Weibull and Logit). Results showed that all concentration -response relationships could be effectively described by the Weibull or Logit function. The toxicities of ILs to both MCF-7 and Q67 have the alkyl chain effect character. However, the toxicity order of four heavy metal compounds to MCF-7 and Q67 were different. Compared with Q67, MCF-7 is more sensitive to heavy metal compounds and less sensitive to ILs
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Dimitrova, Maria, and Dage Sundholm. "The aromatic character of [10]annulenes and dicupra[10]annulenes from current density calculations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 3 (2018): 1337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp07212k.

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We have investigated the aromatic properties of seven low-lying isomers of [10]annulene and of the recently synthesized dicupra[10]annulene compounds that were crystallised with two or four lithium counterions (Wei et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 60–63).
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Yannacone, Seth, Vytor Oliveira, Niraj Verma та Elfi Kraka. "A Continuum from Halogen Bonds to Covalent Bonds: Where Do λ3 Iodanes Fit?" Inorganics 7, № 4 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7040047.

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The intrinsic bonding nature of λ 3 -iodanes was investigated to determine where its hypervalent bonds fit along the spectrum between halogen bonding and covalent bonding. Density functional theory with an augmented Dunning valence triple zeta basis set ( ω B97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ) coupled with vibrational spectroscopy was utilized to study a diverse set of 34 hypervalent iodine compounds. This level of theory was rationalized by comparing computational and experimental data for a small set of closely-related and well-studied iodine molecules and by a comparison with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ results for a subset of the investigated iodine compounds. Axial bonds in λ 3 -iodanes fit between the three-center four-electron bond, as observed for the trihalide species IF 2 − and the covalent FI molecule. The equatorial bonds in λ 3 -iodanes are of a covalent nature. We explored how the equatorial ligand and axial substituents affect the chemical properties of λ 3 -iodanes by analyzing natural bond orbital charges, local vibrational modes, the covalent/electrostatic character, and the three-center four-electron bonding character. In summary, our results show for the first time that there is a smooth transition between halogen bonding → 3c–4e bonding in trihalides → 3c–4e bonding in hypervalent iodine compounds → covalent bonding, opening a manifold of new avenues for the design of hypervalent iodine compounds with specific properties.
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da Silva Filho, Antonio João, Lucinêz da Cruz Dantas, and Otávio Luís de Santana. "Diradicalar Character and Ring Stability of Mesoionic Heterocyclic Oxazoles and Thiazoles by Ab Initio Mono and Multi-Reference Methods." Molecules 25, no. 19 (2020): 4524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25194524.

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Mesoionics are neutral compounds that cannot be represented by a fully covalent or purely ionic structure. Among the possible mesomeric structures of these compounds are the diradical electronic configurations. Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that some mesoionic rings are unstable, which may be related to a significant diradical character, that until then is not quantified. In this work, we investigated the diradical character of four heterocycles: 1,3-oxazol-5-one, 1,3-oxazol-5-thione, 1,3-thiazole-5-one, and 1,3-thiazole-5-thione. The oxazoles are known to be significatively less stable than thiazoles. DFT and ab initio single (B3LYP, MP2, CCSD, and QCISD) and ab initio multi-reference (MR-CISD) methods with three basis sets (6-311+G(d), aug-cc-pVDZ, and aug-cc-pVTZ) were employed to assess the diradical character of the investigated systems, in gas phase and DMSO solvent, from three criteria: (i) HOMO-LUMO energy gap, (ii) determination of energy difference between singlet and triplet wave functions, and (iii) quantification of the most significant diradical character (y0, determined in the unrestricted formalism). All of the results showed that the diradical character of the investigated systems is very small. However, the calculated electronic structures made it possible to identify the possible origin of the oxazoles instability, which can help the design of mesoionic systems with the desired properties.
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Nitti, Andrea, Francesca Villafiorita-Monteleone, Aurora Pacini та ін. "Structure–activity relationship for the solid state emission of a new family of “push–pull” π-extended chromophores". Faraday Discussions 196 (2017): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00161k.

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We report the design, synthesis, molecular optical properties, and solid state emissive behaviour of a series of novel compounds, which, similar to the archetypal AIE luminogen tetraphenylethene, are formed of a central olefin stator and decorated with either three or four rotors. These rotors, being either electron-rich substituted benzenes, or electron-withdrawing functional groups (esters, ketones, cyano groups) confer a “push–pull” character to the overall molecular structure. Building on both new and already published contributions, a comprehensive picture of the properties and the potential of these compounds is provided.
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Alexeiko, L. N., V. I. Vovna, V. V. Gorchakov, and V. I. Kiiarchenko. "Effective Atomic Charges and Bonding Character of Y=P-Orbitals in Four-Coordinated Phosphorus Compounds Studied by Photoelectron Spectroscopy Data." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 51, no. 1-4 (1990): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509008040763.

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Man, Dariusz, and Marian Podolak. "Tin Compounds Interaction with Membranes of Egg Lecithin Liposomes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 5-6 (2007): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-5-617.

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This work is a continuation of earlier research concerning the influence of tin compounds on the dynamic properties of liposome membranes produced with lecithin hen egg yolks (EYL). The experiments were carried out at room temperature (about 25 ∞C). Four tin compounds were chosen, including three organic ones, (CH3)4Sn, (C2H5)4Sn and (C3H7)3SnCl, and one inorganic, SnCl2. The investigated compounds were admixed to water dispersions of liposomes. The content of the admixture changed within the range 0 mol-% to 11mol-% in proportion to EYL. Two spin probes were used in the experiment: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine- 1-oxyl (TEMPO) and 2-ethyl-2-(15-methoxy-15-oxopentadecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxyl (16-DOXYL-stearic acid), which penetrated through different areas of the membrane. It was found that tin compounds containing chlorine were the most active in interaction with liposome membranes. In the case of (C3H7)3SnCl, after exceeding 4% admixture content, an additional line appeared in the spectrum of the TEMPO probe which can be a result of formation of domain structures in the membranes of the studied liposomes. Compounds containing chlorine are of ionized form in water solution. The obtained results can thus mean that the activity of admixtures can be seriously influenced by their ionic character. In case of an admixture of non-ionic compounds the compound with a longer hydrocarbon chain displayed a slightly stronger effect on the spectroscopic parameters of the probes.
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Mermer, Adrian, and Przemysław Starynowicz. "Charge-density distribution in hydrogen methylphosphonates of calcium and lithium." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 67, no. 5 (2011): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768111030515.

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Two new crystal structures, calcium bis(hydrogen methylphosphonate), Ca(CH3PO3H)2, and lithium hydrogen methylphosphonate, Li(CH3PO3H), have been obtained, and the experimental and theoretical charge densities, as well as their topological properties, are reported. Both compounds display layered structures. Each hydrogen methylphosphonate anion coordinates three metal cations in the calcium compound and four in the lithium one. Weak polarization of oxygen lone pairs is observed, with lithium showing somewhat stronger polarization strength than calcium. The reported topological properties from the density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray approach are consistent with each other. In both structures the P—O bonds have a significant share of ionic character. The hyperconjugation effects within the phosphonate group are quenched upon coordination of the metal cations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Four character compounds"

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Wu, Chi-Wei, and 吳啟維. "The Influence of Substituent Effects for Compounds with ICT Character on the Application of Chemosensor." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/narrr8.

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碩士<br>國立嘉義大學<br>應用化學系研究所<br>97<br>2-(2’-naphthyl)-1-Substituentethylene (2-stN-X) and 2-(2’-quinolyl)-1-Substituentethylene (2-stQ-X) derivatives was used to study the influence of substituent effects on photophysics. The influence were evidenced by solvent effects, Stokes shift, the difference of basicity between ground state and excited state, and the appearance of a photoinduced proton transfer reaction. For the 2-stQ-X derivatives, the fluorescence yields increase with the content of ICT in a neutral condition, but the fluorescence yields reduced obviously after acid was added. For compound do not display any ICT character, such as 2-stQ-cyclohexane, the fluorescence was hardly detected in a neutral condition, but the fluorescence increased sharply in an acidic condition. For 2-stN-X derivatives, the fluorescence yields increase 2-5 times when the medium was acidic by trifluoroacetic acid. For 2-stN-X and 2-stQ-X derivatives, the fluorescence yields reduced when the protonation position was located on the acceptor site, but the fluorescence yields increased if the protonation position was located on the donor site. The influences of metal ion were similar with proton. Because 2-stQ-cyclohexane displays strong fluorescence after protonation or complex with metal ion, we can use it to detect the acidity change of the medium, or detect the existence of metal ion. Another possible candidate for chemosensor was 2-stN-NMe2, which the emission display different figure after complex with various metal ion.
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Feng, Bo. "Teaching Character Formation Rationales with a Computer-Assisted Courseware." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/398.

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TEACHING CHARACTER FORMATION RATIONALES WITH A COMPUTER-ASSISTED COURSEWARE FEBRURARY 2010 BO FENG, B.A., GUANGZHOU INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES M.A., EASTERN ILLILOIS UNIVERSITY M.F.A, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST M.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Zhongwei Shen This research conducts a literature survey in the areas of Chinese character error analysis; SLA theories in interlanguage and transfer; systemic characteristics of the Chinese writing system; as well as psycholinguist researches in Chinese character acquisition. CFL learners face critical issues in character acquisition, such as confusions caused by the lack of phonetic awareness, semantic awareness, and contextual interferences. In order to assist CFL learners cope with these issues effectively, it is necessary to develop a computer-assisted courseware utilizing multimedia and web technologies to turn character formation rationales into advance organizers which can be used by CFL learners to restructure newly acquired knowledge and skills. The courseware emphasizes enhancing phonetic awareness, while giving sufficient coverage for semantic awareness and preliminary concepts of spatial configuration of character components.
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Books on the topic "Four character compounds"

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1927-, Kasuya T., ed. Physical properties of actinide and rare earth compounds: Search for heavy fermion characters. Publication Office, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 1993.

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Risse, Guenter B. Banished. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039843.003.0006.

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This chapter demonstrates how scenes of severe human hardship illustrate and authenticate the San Francisco pesthouse experience. While legislation, politics, aversive emotions, and medical theories determined the location of an isolation facility, ostracized patients' lives shaped the institution's character and dismal reputation. The trauma of total isolation compounded the stigma of disfigurement from disease. Life as a pariah detained in a discredited and feared prison-like institution offered occasional and welcome fodder for the print media, always a catalyst for revealing and often molding emotional landscapes. Although a religious context remained hidden, all segregations seemed per se penitential, a just destiny for people who had become dangerous to others.
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Clasen, Mathias. Never Go Swimming Again. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190666507.003.0010.

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Steven Spielberg’s Jaws (1975) terrified audiences through its convincing depiction of shark attacks off the coast of the New England island Amity. A great white shark terrorizes bathers, but local politicians refuse to acknowledge the danger, fearing a drop in tourism. The protagonist, Chief Brody, faces the truth and unselfishly attempts to save his community from the danger. This chapter argues that the power of Jaws to engage and disturb audiences comes from its success in immersing viewers in a primal scenario of predation by a malevolent monster, the shark, which meets the input specifications of evolved anti-predatory mechanisms in the human mind. The monster film compounds the fear of predation with the anxiety of uncertainty and sympathetic fear for protagonists in peril. We never know when the shark will strike, but we are alerted ahead of characters through aesthetic means, such as the film’s soundtrack.
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Frazier, Adrian. Irish Acting in the Early Twentieth Century. Edited by Nicholas Grene and Chris Morash. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198706137.013.16.

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Frank Fay, with his brother William Fay, were primarily responsible for the development of what became known as the Abbey style of acting, Frank drawing upon his study of the French actor Coquelin and the director André Antoine, William with his experience of acting in fit-up touring companies. This style, conditioned by the limited playing resources available to them, centred on fine speech, teamwork, and restraint. In a later period, after the Fays had left in 1908, the tradition of ensemble playing in a permanent company allowed for the development of fine individual character acting represented by Sara Allgood, F. J. McCormick, and Barry Fitzgerald. The actor-manager Anew McMaster, with his large romantic style, helped to shape the tradition of the otherwise modernist Gate Theatre. Irish acting in the first half of the twentieth century was thus a hybrid compound of many different elements.
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Book chapters on the topic "Four character compounds"

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Khobragade, Ratnashil N., Vrushali T. Lanjewar, and Mahendra S. Makesar. "Analysis of Feature Extraction Methods Used for Handwritten Marathi Compound Character Recognition." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6307-6_85.

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Ferdous, Jannatul, Suvrajit Karmaker, A. K. M. Shahariar Azad Rabby, and Syed Akhter Hossain. "MatriVasha: A Multipurpose Comprehensive Database for Bangla Handwritten Compound Characters." In Emerging Technologies in Data Mining and Information Security. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9774-9_74.

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Das, Nibaran, Kallol Acharya, Ram Sarkar, Subhadip Basu, Mahantapas Kundu, and Mita Nasipuri. "A Novel GA-SVM Based Multistage Approach for Recognition of Handwritten Bangla Compound Characters." In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27443-5_17.

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Watson, Meg, Emily Michels, Andrew Spieldenner, Leonard W. Ortmann, and Drue H. Barrett. "Stories, Stigma and Sequences: HIV Cluster Detection and Response Activities Through a Narrative Ethics Lens." In Public Health Ethics Analysis. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92080-7_7.

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AbstractViral genetic sequences are generated as part of clinical care to treat people with HIV. Public health practitioners analyze these sequences, reported routinely through surveillance systems as part of disease reporting, to identify and respond to clusters of rapid HIV transmission. The ethical, social, and legal implications of this work have arisen against the backdrop of HIV stigma and amidst efforts to build trust with the HIV community. HIV disproportionately affects persons marginalized because of racism, homophobia, transphobia, or other socially stigmatized behaviors. The compounded effects of HIV and other stigmas result in barriers to care. This narrative explores several issues related to HIV cluster detection and response, including lack of individual consent for HIV surveillance, the collection of HIV genotype data, and the use of these data for public health purposes. Moreover, the potential use of these data for non-public health purposes which are likely to disproportionately impact marginalized populations also underscores the need for transparency. The characters in the narrative – public health agency staff and people with HIV – portray these issues from various perspectives. The narrative also illustrates ethical considerations related to public health activities, including a focus on population-level interventions, partnering with communities, and establishing trusting relationships.
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Sarwar, Hasan, Mizanur Rahman, Nasreen Akter, Saima Hossain, Sabrina Ahmed, and Chowdhury Mofizur Rahman. "Selection of an Optimal Set of Features for Bengali Character Recognition." In Technical Challenges and Design Issues in Bangla Language Processing. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3970-6.ch005.

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Feature extraction is an essential step of Optical Character Recognition. Accurate and distinguishable feature plays a significant role to leverage the performance of a classifier. The complexity level of feature identification algorithm differs for alphabet sets of different languages. Apart from generic algorithms to find features of different alphabet sets, these algorithms take care of individual characteristic common for a particular alphabet set. Dominant features of one alphabet set might completely differ from that of another set. Since there always remains the chance that inaccurate features may cause inefficient recognition, special attention should be given to identify the set of optimal features of a character set. Bengali characters also have some specific issues apart from the existing issues of other character sets. For example, there are about 300 basic, modified, and compound character shapes in the script, the characters in a word are topologically connected, and Bengali is an inflectional language. Literature survey shows that several authors have used different features and classification algorithms. The authors have extensively reviewed all these feature sets. In order to identify an optimal feature set, variability analysis has been proposed here. They focus on the specific peculiarities of Bengali alphabet sets, its different usage as vowel and consonant signs, compound, complex, and touching characters. The authors also took care to generate easily computable features that take less time for generation. However, more attention needs to be given in order to choose an efficient classifier.
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Yawalkar, Prashant Madhukar, Madan Uttamrao Kharat, and Shyamrao V. Gumaste. "Segmentation of Multiple Touching Hand Written Devnagari Compound Characters." In Feature Dimension Reduction for Content-Based Image Identification. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5775-3.ch008.

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One of the most widely used steps in the process of reducing images to information is segmentation, which divides the image into regions that hopefully correspond to structural units in the scene or distinguish objects of interest. Segmentation is often described by analogy to visual processes as a foreground/background separation, implying that the selection procedure concentrates on a single kind of feature and discards the rest. Machine-printed or hand-drawn scripts can have various font types or writing styles. The writing styles can be roughly categorized into discrete style (handprint or boxed style), continuous style (cursive style), and mixed style. We can see that the ambiguity of character segmentation has three major sources: (1) variability of character size and inter character space; (2) confusion between inter character and within-character space; and (3) touching between characters.
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A. Ramadan, Nadeem, and Hadeel A. Al-Ameri. "Aflatoxins." In Aflatoxins - Occurrence, Detoxification, Determination and Health Risks. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97292.

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The aflatoxin producing fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius, although they are also produced by other species of Aspergillus as well as by Emericella spp.(Telemorph). There are many types of aflatoxins, but the four main ones are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2, while aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2) are the hydroxylated metabolites of AFB1 and AFB2. Aflatoxin B1, which is a genotoxic hepatocarcinogen, which presumptively causes cancer by inducing DNA, adducts leading to genetic changes in target liver cells. Cytochrome-P450 enzymes to the reactive intermediate AFB1–8, 9 epoxide (AFBO) which binds to liver cell DNA, resulting in DNA adducts, metabolize AFB1 Ingestion of contaminated food is the main source of exposure to aflatoxins, which adversely affect the health of both humans and animals. The compounds can cause acute or chronic toxic effects of a teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, immunotoxic or hepatotoxic character. You can reduce your aflatoxin exposure by buying only major commercial brands of food and by discarding that look moldy, discolored, or shriveled.
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SAUSSY, HAUN. "Fenollosa Compounded:." In The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry. Fordham University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt13wzvkk.6.

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"Fenollosa Compounded: A Discrimination." In The Chinese Written Character as a Medium for Poetry. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780823238347-004.

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Oriakhi, Christopher O. "Liquids and Solids." In Chemistry in Quantitative Language. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367997.003.0016.

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The atoms or molecules in a liquid have enough kinetic energy to partially overcome the forces of attraction between them. Therefore, they are in constant random motion (as in a gas) but they are still relatively close together. However, they are not as tightly packed, or as well ordered, as in a solid. There is not as much free space in a liquid as in a gas. The atoms or molecules may aggregate together to form chains or rings that readily move relative to one another; this gives a liquid its fluid (flow) properties. Liquids generally occur as compounds. For example, water, ethanol, and carbon tetrachloride are liquids at room temperature. However, a few elements are also liquids at room temperature: bromine, cesium, gallium, mercury, and rubidium. A liquid is characterized by the following physical properties: boiling point and freezing point, density, compressibility, surface tension, and viscosity. These properties of a liquid are greatly influenced by the strength of its intermolecular forces. In summary: • Liquids have definite volume but no definite shape. They take on the shape of their containers. • Liquids are characterized by low compressibility, low rigidity, and high density relative to gases. • Liquids diffuse through other liquids. • Liquids can vaporize into the space above them and produce a vapor pressure. Polar molecules possess an electric dipole moment, μ, defined as the product of the magnitude of the partial charges Q+ and Q− on the molecule and the distance r separating the charges. In mathematical terms, it is given by the equation: μ = Qr The unit for μ is debyes (D), and 1 D = 3.336×10−30 coulomb meter (C-m). No interatomic bonds are completely ionic. Knowing the dipole moment of a compound, though, lets us differentiate ionic from covalent bonds by calculating the percent ionic character for the bonds. The percent ionic character of a bond is found by comparing the measured dipole moment of the molecule of the type A−B with the calculated dipole moment for the 100% ionized compound A+B−.
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Conference papers on the topic "Four character compounds"

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Gao, T. F., T. F. Gao, C. L. Liu, and C. L. Liu. "LDA-Based Compound Distance for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition." In Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007) Vol 2. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4377046.

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Golait, Snehal S., and L. G. Malik. "Review on Feature Extraction Technique for Handwritten Marathi Compound Character Recognition." In 2013 6th International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetet.2013.33.

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Hasan, Md Mahedi, Mahathir Mohammad Abir, Mohammad Ibrahim, Muhammad Sayem, and Sohaib Abdullah. "AIBangla: A Benchmark Dataset for Isolated Bangla Handwritten Basic and Compound Character Recognition." In 2019 International Conference on Bangla Speech and Language Processing (ICBSLP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbslp47725.2019.201481.

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Reza, Sakib, Ohida Binte Amin, and M. M. A. Hashem. "Basic to Compound: A Novel Transfer Learning Approach for Bengali Handwritten Character Recognition." In 2019 International Conference on Bangla Speech and Language Processing (ICBSLP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbslp47725.2019.201522.

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Keserwani, Prateek, Tofik Ali, and Partha Pratim Roy. "A two phase trained Convolutional Neural Network for Handwritten Bangla Compound Character Recognition." In 2017 Ninth International Conference on Advances in Pattern Recognition (ICAPR). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icapr.2017.8592983.

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Lanjewar, Vrushali T., and R. N. Khobragade. "Transfer learning using Pre-trained AlexNet for Marathi Handwritten Compound Character Image Classification." In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (CONIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conit51480.2021.9498418.

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Rodrigues, Luciana Machado, and Lui´s Frederico Pinheiro Dick. "Influence of Humic Substances on the Corrosion of the API 5LX65 Steel." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27230.

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Aiming to simulate the underground corrosion of pipeline steels in tropic soils, the electrochemical behavior and corrosion morphology of API 5LX65 steel were studied in 0.01molL−1 Na2SO4 solutions with additions of humic (HA) or fulvic (FA) acids extracted from a peat soil. These humic substances have a higher carboxylic and nitrogenated character for HA, and a higher concentration of oxidized groups for FA, as determined by infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopies. The corrosion tests showed that HA and FA enhance the pitting corrosion of the API 5LX65 steel. The observed pits are always associated to the presence of the rounded calcium aluminate inclusions of API 5LX65. Raman spectra of the corrosion products partially covering pits and inclusions suggest the formation of organic Fe compounds. The influence of humic substances on pit nucleation was attributed to passivity breakdown on the interface between Fe and inclusions, by the formation of partially soluble compounds of Fe and humic substances.
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Kim, Yeong K., Russell Peak, and Dirk Zwemer. "Warpage Prediction of Ball Grid Array Packaging." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41966.

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The effect of material property modeling on the warpage calculation is studied in this paper. A chip level packaging of ball grid array was considered for the simulation model. The mechanical properties of thin FR-4 and molding compound were modeled as elastic and viscoelastic based on the experimental data, and warpage developments during cooldown were calculated using different types of the mechanical property modeling. It was found that the viscoelastic characters of the FR-4 and the molding compound had significant influence on the warpage development. The results were compared with those of elastic cases, and discussions were given to analyze the deformation mechanism.
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9

Shao, Yunxue, Chunheng Wang, Baihua Xiao, Rongguo Zhang, and Linbo Zhang. "Modified Two-Class LDA Based Compound Distance for Similar Handwritten Chinese Characters Discrimination." In 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2011.137.

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10

Cai, Zhengqi, and Weilan Wang. "2DLDA-Based Compound Distance for Similar Online Handwritten Tibetan Transliteration of the Sanskrit Character Recognition." In 2018 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfhr-2018.2018.00047.

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Reports on the topic "Four character compounds"

1

Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie, and Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.

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Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.
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