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Journal articles on the topic 'Four level converter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Chen, Jianfei, and Caisheng Wang. "Dual T-Type Four-Level Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 6 (2020): 5594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2957699.

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2

Roh, Chan. "Performance Comparisons of Three-Phase/Four-Wire Model Predictive Control-Based DC/AC Inverters Capable of Asymmetric Operation for Wave Energy Converters." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082839.

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A study on the capacity increase of a power converter according to the increase in the single capacity of wave energy converters and four-leg topology that can supply stable power even under unbalanced load conditions during independent operation is required. Therefore, in this paper, the performances of various four-leg inverters, from two-level inverters to three-level inverters, which are used as power converters for wave energy converters, are compared respectively. Since the four-leg converter has an unusual structure, the performance of each four-leg inverter was analyzed by applying the

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3

Wei, Chen, Xibo Yuan, Juan Zhou, Kangan Wang, Yonglei Zhang, and Xiaojie Wu. "Voltage Jump Suppression and Capacitor Voltage Fluctuation Analysis for a Four-Level Hybrid Flying Capacitor T-Type Converter." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040698.

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In low and medium voltage power conversion systems, multilevel converters are becoming more and more attractive due to improved power density. However, the complexity of topology and control is a big challenge for the application of multilevel converters. In this paper, a four-level (4L) hybrid flying capacitor (FC) T-type converter has been researched in detail. The topological advantage of the converter is displayed in comparison to existing four-level converters. According to the feature of the topology, the operating status has been analyzed and the reason for the voltage jump is researche

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4

Chen, Jianfei, and Caisheng Wang. "Corrections to “Dual T-Type Four-Level Converter”." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 37, no. 7 (2022): 8751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2022.3146179.

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5

P., Srinivas, and Amulya K. "Comparative Analysis of DITC Based Switched Reluctance Motor Using Asymmetric Converter and Four-Level Converter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 5, no. 1 (2016): 109–19. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v5i1.555.

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High torque ripple is the main draw of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) compared to other conventional motor. Torque ripples can be minimized by Direct Instantaneous Torque Control (DITC) technique. DITC responds against the torque error instantaneously by using hysteresis torque controller and regulate the torque output of the motor within hysteresis band.This paper compares the performance of Switched Reluctance Motor in terms of torque ripples with DITC strategy for both Asymmetric converter and Four-level converter. Asymmetric converter has three states namely magnetization, freewheeling an

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Bhargava, Anil Kumar, UTTAM KUMAR GUPTA, Mamta Rani, and Ajit Ajit. "Comprehensive Review of Power Electronic DC-DC Converters in Electric Vehicle Applications." Radius: Journal of Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2024): 241005. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15008251.

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The rapid rise of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a sustainable alternative to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving overall vehicle efficiency. This paper investigates the critical role of power electronic converters, especially DC-DC converters, within EV powertrains. Emphasizing the necessity of achieving appropriate voltage levels for battery and motor operation, it explores conventional and advanced DC-DC converter topologies, including the conventional boost converter (BC) and the interleaved four-phase boost

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7

Yugendra Chary, T., S. Anitha, M. Alamillo, and Ameet Chavan. "Level Converters for Ultra Low Power IoT Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.16 (2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.16.11409.

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For efficient ultra-low power IoT applications, working with various communication devices and sensors which operating voltages from subthreshold to superthreshold levels which requires wide variety of robust level converters for signal interfacing with low power dissipation. This paper proposes two topologies of level converter circuits that offer dramatic improvement in power and performance when compared to the existing level converters that shift signals from sub to super threshold levels for IoT applications. At 250 mV, the first proposed circuit - a modification of a tradition al current

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8

Corzine, K. A., J. Yuen, and J. R. Baker. "Analysis of a four-level DC/DC buck converter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 49, no. 4 (2002): 746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2002.801075.

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9

Song, Min-Sup, Jaewon Kim, Hosung Jung, and Hyungchul Kim. "Full-Bridge Diode-Clamped Four-Level Asymmetric Switching Converter." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 73, no. 6 (2024): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2024.73.6.1042.

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10

Atif, Rao, Mannan Hassan, Muhammad Shahid, et al. "Simplified Model Predictive Current Control of Four-Level Nested Neutral Point Clamped Converter." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020955.

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Model predictive control (MPC) is an efficient and growing approach to power converter control. This paper proposes an improved and simplified model predictive current control (MPCC) technique for a four-level nested neutral point clamped (4L-NNPC) converter. Conventional MPCC exhibits better performances as compared to the conventional linear control system such as fast dynamic response, consideration of the system constraints, and nonlinearities. However, the application of the conventional model predictive current control (MPCC) approach on complex systems provokes a significant number of c

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11

Roh, Chan. "Optimal Selection among Various Three-Phase Four-Wire Back-to-Back (BTB) Converters with Comparative Analysis for Wave Energy Converters." Processes 11, no. 5 (2023): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051463.

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Wave energy converters are attracting attention as an energy source that can respond to climate change. In order to increase the energy efficiency of the wave energy converters, efficient power converters are also required. The efficient converters require operation at a low switching frequency, which increases the weight and volume of the passive components. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of various types of topologies is compared to select the optimal power converter for wave energy converters. In order to cope with the unbalanced operation and unbalanced load of renewable energy,

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12

Yue, Yun Tao, and Zhi Yong Xu. "Research on Neutral-Point Balancing for Three-Level Space Voltage Vector Converter." Advanced Materials Research 748 (August 2013): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.473.

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A novel hybrid clamped dual-PWM three-level converter topology is proposed for induction motor drives in this paper. The switching states of hybrid clamp three-level converters increase to sixty-four from twenty-seven switching states of diode clamp three-level converters. In order to realize optimization of its redundant voltage space vectors by detecting voltage of clamp capacitor and difference of capacitor voltage in DC side, Generating an optimized switching pattern, The hybrid clamped three-level converter increases the voltage levels number, reducing the harmonics associated to the comm

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13

Corzine, K. A., and S. K. Majeethia. "Analysis of a novel four-level DC/DC boost converter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 36, no. 5 (2000): 1342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/28.871283.

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14

Kim, I. D., E. C. Nho, and J. S. Ko. "Snubber circuit for diode-clamped four-level inverter and converter." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 148, no. 6 (2001): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20010667.

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15

Schülting, L., M. Posluszny, and T. Platek. "Four-level dc to dc converter for high-voltage applications." European Transactions on Electrical Power 4, no. 3 (2007): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450040308.

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16

Premalatha, R., and P. Murugesan. "Comparison of Filter with Fuzzy Controlled Three Level DC-DC Converter Fed Drive." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (March 2015): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.63.

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A simple Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) applied to buck converter is presented in this paper. This approach uses FLC which performs better when compared with the conventional PI controllers. In proposed buck converters, high voltage dc supply is switched at very high frequency and inductively transferred to dc load via a high frequency transformer and rectifier. In this converter four power switches are connected in series to primary of high frequency transformer for large load currents. To achieve large step-down voltage ratios the power switches are turned ON and OFF alternatively with a time

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17

Zieliński, Dariusz, and Karol Fatyga. "Attenuation of DC-Link Pulsation of a Four-Wire Inverter during Phase Unbalanced Current Operation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031322.

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This paper proposes a control algorithm for a hybrid power electronic AC/DC converter for prosumer applications operating under deep phase current asymmetry. The proposed system allows independent control of active and reactive power for each phase of the power converter without current pulsation on the DC link connected to an energy store. The system and its algorithm are based on a three-phase converter in four-wire topology (AC/DC 3p-4w) with two dual-active bridge (DC/DC) converters, interfaced with a supercapacitor and an energy storage. The control algorithm tests were carried out in a H

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18

Alepuz, Salvador, Joan Nicolás-Apruzzese, Roya Rafiezadeh, Sergio Busquets-Monge, Mariana Raya, and Àlber Filbà-Martínez. "Active Thermal Control in Neutral-Point-Clamped Multilevel Converters Based on Switching-Cell Arrays." Electronics 12, no. 19 (2023): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194055.

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Neutral-point-clamped multilevel converters are a suitable solution to the implementation of low–medium voltage and power applications at present, thanks to their intrinsic superior voltage and current quality. The conventional configurations of these converters present uneven power loss distribution, causing thermal stress in some power semiconductors, which weakens the power converter reliability. To overcome this, an implementation of the neutral-point-clamped multilevel converter based on a switching-cell array is introduced, adding redundant conduction paths on one side and more options t

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19

Chee, Seung-Jun, Sanggi Ko, Hyeon-Sik Kim, and Seung-Ki Sul. "Common-mode Voltage Reduction of Three Level Four Leg PWM Converter." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 19, no. 6 (2014): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2014.19.6.488.

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20

Gülpınar, Feyzullah, Filiz Sarı, and Yunus Uzun. "Analysis of a Novel Four Level Flying Capacitor H – Bridge Converter." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 7, no. 1 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.1.71-75.

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In this paper, a novel four-level flying capacitor inverter and its comparison with the conventional flying capacitor topology in terms of THD analysis are proposed. This new topology have some advantages over conventional one as following: The blocking voltages are the same for all switches used in the configuration, there is no need for capacitor midpoint connection and this eliminates low frequency current which circulate in dc-link capacitors, and the number of flying capacitor is reduced as compared with conventional form of it. The operation of the topology, modulation strategy, simulati

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21

Chee, Seung-Jun, Sanggi Ko, Hyeon-Sik Kim, and Seung-Ki Sul. "Common-Mode Voltage Reduction of Three-Level Four-Leg PWM Converter." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 51, no. 5 (2015): 4006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2015.2422771.

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22

Jayaraman, Karthik Naishathrala, and Vishwani Agrawal. "A Four-Transistor Level Converter for Dual-Voltage Low-Power Design." Journal of Low Power Electronics 10, no. 4 (2014): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2014.1356.

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23

Reusser, Carlos A., and Hector Young. "Four-Level Quasi-Nested Inverter Topology for Single-Phase Applications." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030233.

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In this paper, a novel four-level single-phase multilevel converter is introduced, consisting of six active switches arranged in a quasi-nested configuration. The proposed topology synthesizes its output voltage levels with respect to a floating neutral point, using four cascaded capacitors with identical voltage levels. The proposed converter contains a reduced number of components compared to the neutral point clamped (NPC) or active-NPC topologies (ANPC) for the same number of output voltage levels, since it does not require diode or active switch clamping to a neutral point. Moreover, no f

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24

de Souza, Victor Ramon França Bezerra, Luciano Sales Barros, and Flavio Bezerra Costa. "Modular Multilevel Converter for Low-Voltage Ride-Through Support in AC Networks." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175314.

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New grid-connected systems have imposed additional requirements regarding reliability, power quality, high levels of power processing capacity, and fault support, where power converters have a crucial role in fulfilling these requirements. Overcoming one of these challenges, this paper proposes a new alternative application to improve the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) support based on the arm impedance employment of the modular multilevel converter (MMC) by attenuating the fault impacts, avoiding overcurrents and overvoltages. This proposal does not require additional hardware or control loo

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25

Łukasz, Kwaśny, and Dariusz Zieliński. "Control of a Four-wire Hybrid Prosumer Converter for Balancing Utility Grids." Power Electronics and Drives 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2021-0001.

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Abstract The paper presents the project of the power electronic AC/DC converter operating under a multiresonant control algorithm for prosumer applications. This design allows independent control of active and reactive power for any or each phase. Both the converter and its algorithm are based on a three-phase converter of four-wire topology (AC/DC 3p-4w) with a DC bus, which couple the converter to a renewable energy source and energy storage. Further, model and simulation tests were carried out in the Matlab-SIMULINK programming environment. The results obtained indicate that operation with

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26

Kim, Myoungho, and Hyeok-Jin Yun. "A Basic Design Tool for Grid-Connected AC–DC Converters Using Silcon Carbide MOSFETs." Electronics 12, no. 23 (2023): 4828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234828.

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The design and optimization of power converters is a key factor in the growth and development of the power electronics field. However, the process of designing a power converter is not straightforward, and engineers often rely on experience and intuition, sometimes requiring time-consuming computer simulations. This paper presents a tool for the basic design of grid-connected AC–DC converters. The design tool takes specifications and operating conditions for two-level and three-level NPC converter topologies and derives a draft design. The tool calculates the input filter’s electrical paramete

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27

Kui Wang, Zedong Zheng, Lie Xu, and Yongdong Li. "A Four-level Hybrid-Clamped Converter With Natural Capacitor Voltage Balancing Ability." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 29, no. 3 (2014): 1152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2013.2262834.

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28

Jin, Bosen, and Xibo Yuan. "Topology, Efficiency Analysis, and Control of a Four-Level $\pi$ -Type Converter." IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics 7, no. 2 (2019): 1044–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jestpe.2018.2875485.

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29

Ebrahimi, Javad, and Hamidreza Karshenas. "A New Modulation Scheme for a Four-Level Single Flying Capacitor Converter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 68, no. 3 (2021): 1860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2020.2975478.

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30

Mykhailenko, Vladyslav, Vadym Svyatnenko, Yuliya Chunyak, and Vladyslav Bachynskiy. "Research of processes in a converter with four-zone voltage regulation and electromechanical load." Bulletin of NTU "KhPI". Series: Problems of Electrical Machines and Apparatus Perfection. The Theory and Practice, no. 1 (5) (May 28, 2021): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2079-3944.2021.1.07.

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The new mathematical models of the electromagnetic processes is designed in three-phase electric circuit of the semiconductor converters with many-server zoned regulation phases voltages disregarding losses in semiconductor commutator for quick estimation of the influence parameter loads on level and form of the output voltage. mathematical model of the semiconductor converter is also used for study of the connecting processes in semiconductor converter with actively-inductive load. Will develop the method multivariable function, what fall into algorithmic equations of the analysis formed and

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31

Patino, Diego, Mihai Bâja, Pierre Riedinger, Hervé Cormerais, Jean Buisson, and Claude Iung. "Alternative control methods for DC-DC converters: An application to a four-level three-cell DC-DC converter." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 21, no. 10 (2010): 1112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.1651.

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32

Shah, M. J., K. S. Pandya, and P. Chauhan. "An MPPT-based 31-Level ADC Controlled Micro-Inverter." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 12, no. 5 (2022): 9149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5199.

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This paper presents a 31-level micro-inverter with an innovative control scheme. The presented micro-inverter makes use of a single PV panel connected to an MPPT converter. Four half-bridge legs are connected in series to produce 31 levels at the inverter's output. At the output side of the micro-inverter, a single full-bridge power circuit is used to generate positive and negative half-cycles. A high-frequency transformer and a push-pull converter are used to generate the required isolated DC sources. The output of an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) is used as a gate pulse for the half-brid

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33

Reusser, Carlos A., and Ramón Herrera. "Model Predictive Control Scheme of a Four-Level Quasi-Nested Converter Fed AC-Drive, with dc-Link Voltage-Drift Compensation." Electronics 11, no. 3 (2022): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030333.

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In this paper, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy is introduced for its application in a four-level quasi-nested topology, feeding an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (IPMSM) AC-drive. The proposed control strategy is capable to synthesize the required output space vectors to ensure perfect tracking of the AC-drive speed reference under different loading conditions, while also ensuring voltage balance between the dc-link capacitors. The proposed converter topology is based on a reduced number of components compared to other mature converter topologies, such as the neutral-p

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34

Ullah, Qudrat, Tiago Davi Curi Busarello, Danilo Iglesias Brandao, and Marcelo Godoy Simões. "Design and Performance Evaluation of SMC-Based DC–DC Converters for Microgrid Applications." Energies 16, no. 10 (2023): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104212.

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In recent times, DC microgrids (MGs) have received significant attention due to environmental concerns and the demand for clean energies. Energy storage systems (ESSs) and photovoltaic (PV) systems are parts of DC MGs. This paper expands on the modeling and control of non-isolated, non-inverting four-switch buck-boost (FSBB) synchronous converters, which interface with a wide range of low-power electronic appliances. The proposed power converter can work efficiently both independently and in DC MGs. The charging and discharging of the battery are analyzed using the FSBB converter at a steady s

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35

Xie, Yan, Bo Chao Chen, and Yao Jun Chen. "Current Analysis of Power Devices of the Sub-Module in New Modular Multi-Level Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.410.

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This paper introduced a new modular multi-level converter (MMC), which could enhance the voltage and power level by sub-converter modules in series and was easy to extend to any level of output. Its structure and working mechanism were described.By analyzing the new modular multi-level converter (MMC) working mode, its sub-module four power devices’ current distribution is detailed analysis. It can further guide the choice of the device. The simulation results show that the analysis is correct and effective. It can provide a valid theoretical basis for the choice of the MMC sub-module power de

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36

Dubravin, Yury, Viktor Tkachenko, and Maryna Morneva. "Improving the energy characteristics of a four-quadrant converter with pulse-width modulation." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 5 (123) (2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2023.283271.

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The characteristics of the input energy converter of an electric locomotive with an induction traction electric drive were studied. The efficiency of the 4QS converter has been increased and the level of current harmonic distortions in the power supply system has been reduced. The research resulted in proposals for improving the control algorithm of the input energy converter to improve the traction-energy indicators of the electric drive and reduce the emission of high-frequency harmonics into the contact network. The results were obtained on the basis of simulation modeling of the "traction

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37

Buso, Simone, and Leopoldo Rossetto. "Damping of Flying Capacitor Dynamics in Multi-Level Boost DC-DC Converters." Electronics 13, no. 24 (2024): 4883. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244883.

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This paper presents a novel modeling approach for flying capacitor dynamics in boost-type multi-level converters (FCML-boosts) controlled by Phase Shift Pulse Width Modulation (PSPWM). By explicitly taking into account the interaction between the inductor current and the flying capacitor voltage, the model is able to reveal an underlying resonance phenomenon and to predict its frequency at each operating point. Based on such a model, whose derivation is explained in detail, both passive and active damping solutions are proposed, designed, and experimentally verified that significantly reduce t

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38

Antoniewicz, K., and K. Rafal. "Model predictive current control method for four-leg three-level converter operating as shunt active power filter and grid connected inverter." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (2017): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0065.

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Abstract This paper presents model predictive control (MPC) with a finite control states set (FS) for three-level four-leg flying capacitor (FCC) converter. Principles of control method are presented and flying capacitor voltages control method is discussed. Experimental results of converter operating as a shunt active power filter (SAPF) and grid connected inverter (GCI) are shown.

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He, Yingjie, Chao Lei, Yunfeng Liu, and Jinjun Liu. "Research on the Equivalent Virtual Space Vector Modulation Output of Diode Clamped N-level Converter under Multi-Modulation Carrier Modulation." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153803.

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Diode-clamped multi-level converters have DC-side capacitors in series, which will lead to the unbalance of DC-side capacitor voltage, the distortion of the output waveform, the increase of total harmonic distortion (THD), and even the damage of switching devices, which will make the system inoperable. The proposal of virtual space vector pulse-width modulation (VSVPWM) realizes the balanced control of the capacitor voltage, but when the output level of converter increases, the implementation of VSVPWM becomes very complicated, and the amount of calculation also increases greatly, thus hinderi

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40

Shi, Yong, and Zhuoyi Xu. "Wide Load Range ZVS Three-level DC-DC Converter: Modular Structure, Redundancy Ability, and Reduced Filters Size." Energies 12, no. 18 (2019): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183537.

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In future dc distributed power systems, high performance high voltage dc-dc converters with redundancy ability are welcome. However, most existing high voltage dc-dc converters do not have redundancy ability. To solve this problem, a wide load range zero-voltage switching (ZVS) three-level (TL) dc-dc converter is proposed, which has some definitely good features. The primary switches have reduced voltage stress, which is only Vin/2. Moreover, no extra clamping component is needed, which results simple primary structure. Redundancy ability can be obtained by both primary and secondary sides, wh

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41

KORICH, Belkacem ELBAR Mohamed DOURARI Ahmed Lamine BELADEL Abdelkader BAKRIA Derradji TETA Ali. "Current Model Predictive Control for Photovoltaic System Integrated NPC three-level four-legged Shunt Active Power Filter." Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems 35, no. 1 (2023): 755–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7807688.

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This paper aims to implement current model predictive control in a multilevel converter supported by solar photovoltaic (SPV) system for a grid-connected application that improves power quality. For this purpose, a three-level neural-point-clamped Inverter (NPC) topology is chosen as a shunt active power filter (SAPF). The reference signal for the SAPF is obtained from the instantaneous power theory, based on Cross-Vector theory. these reference currents are used to generate a gate signal for the SAPF. Furthermore, this study presents the application of a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) maxi

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42

Sutikno, Tole, and Rizky Ajie Aprilianto. "Application of SEPIC DC-DC converter for low-voltage energy harvesting systems." Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.11591/ehs.v1i1.pp1-7.

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Energy harvesting systems (EHS) have been known as a concept to obtain energy from a clean source and convert it into other energy, including electricity. EHS can be classified into four sources: light, electromagnetic, thermal, and kinetic energy. Unfortunately, most harvester devices generate electricity within the low-voltage level, so voltage conditioning is needed to achieve a feasible level. Single‐ended primary‐inductor converter (SEPIC) DC-DC converter becomes one of the solutions to realize it, which works by increasing DC level voltage. In this study, the role of SEPIC DC-DC converte

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43

Lapisa, Remon, Toto Sugiarto, and A. G. Halim. "Efek Geometri pada Katalis dalam Penurunan Level Emisi Gas Buang Kendaraan." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUAN 2, no. 1 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v2i1.4523.

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Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor terus meningkat tiap tahun sehingga mempunyai dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia, lingkungan hingga pemanasan global. Emisi gas buang terdiri dari gas yang tidak beracun seperti Nitrogen, Carbondioksida dan uap air dan gas beracun seperti Hidrocarbon, Carbon monoksida, Nitrogenoksida. Salah satu cara mereduksi konsentrasi emisi gas buang adalah dengan pemasangan catalytic converter. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan rancang bangun knalpot catalytic converter dengan bahan plat kuningan tiga model desain sebagai katalis yang terpasang pada saluran knalpot

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Govindasamy, Sundar, and Ashok Rangaswamy. "Configuration and Digital Simulation of STATCOM utilizing 48-Pulse VSC for Reactive Power Reparation and Potential Reliability." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2011.

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This paper analyzes the configuration of Static Synchronous Compensator-STATCOM utilizing 48 pulse voltage source converter for reactive force reparation and voltage adjustment in force framework transmission and dispersion systems alongside the advanced development of the STATCOM utilizing 48 pulse VSC, expecting framework subjected to unsettling disturbances of real and reactive power. The 48 Pulse voltage source converter is composed with the guide of four 3-level voltage source converters exchanging at the major recurrence to create a sinusoidal yield voltage with decreased symphonies subs

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Medeiros, Augusto M., and Yales R. De Novaes. "Four-level Resonant Flying Capacitor Converter Operating under Resonance featuring Soft-Switching and Voltage Regulation capabilities." Eletrônica de Potência 30 (January 20, 2025): e202508. https://doi.org/10.18618/rep.e202508.

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Multilevel resonant converter topologies have been addressed to increase the power density and efficiency of step-down intermediate conversion stages, for low-voltage (LV) systems, due to the higher current demand, in addition to its inherent benefit of soft-switching capability and fixed static-gain ratio, while operating at, or above, resonance. This work proposes an extension for the multilevel Resonant Flying Capacitor Converter (ML-RFLCC), by demonstrating the potential soft-switching and voltage regulation capabilities of a 1:3 RFLCC while operating under and at the resonance. Due to the

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Brychcín, Jiří, Dušan Janík, Tomáš Košan, and Zdeněk Peroutka. "Modulator for 4-level Flying Capacitor Converter with Balancing Control in the Closed Loop." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 5, no. 3 (2020): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2016.3.066.

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This paper presents a modulator with an active voltage balancing control for the three-phase four-level FLC converter based electric motor drive for applications supplied directly from a 6 kV ac-grid. It describes a modulation algorithm of the FLC converter by using the phase shifted PWM modulation with balancing voltage of the flying capacitor by using P controllers in the closed loop. The proposed control was verified by experiments carried out on the down-scale drive prototype of the rated power of 35 kVA.

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Rajaguru, Harikumar, and Vijayakumar Thangavel. "Wavelets and Morphological Operators Based Classification of Epilepsy Risk Levels." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813197.

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The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Expectation Maximization (EM), and Modified Expectation Maximization (MEM) as the postclassifiers for classifications of the epilepsy risk levels obtained from extracted features through wavelet transforms and morphological filters from EEG signals. The code converter acts as a level one classifier. The seven features such as energy, variance, positive and negative peaks, spike and sharp waves, events, average duration, and covariance are extracted from EEG signals, out of which four parameters lik

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Nicolas-Apruzzese, Joan, Emili Lupon, Sergio Busquets-Monge, Alfonso Conesa, Josep Bordonau, and Gabriel García-Rojas. "FPGA-Based Controller for a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive Based on a Four-Level Active-Clamped DC-AC Converter." Energies 11, no. 10 (2018): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102639.

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This paper proposes a closed-loop control implementation fully-embedded into an FPGA for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive based on a four-level active-clamped converter. The proposed FPGA controller comprises a field-oriented control to drive the PMSM, a DC-link voltage balancing closed-loop control (VBC), and a virtual-vector-based modulator for a four-level active-clamped converter. The VBC and the modulator operate in consonance to preserve the DC-link capacitor voltages balanced. The FPGA design methodology is carefully described and the main aspects to achieve an optimal

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Lan, Yuanfeng, Julien Croonen, Mohamed Amine Frikha, Mohamed El Baghdadi, and Omar Hegazy. "A Comprehensive Performance Comparison between Segmental and Conventional Switched Reluctance Machines with Boost and Standard Converters." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010043.

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This paper presents the comparisons between two types of switched reluctance machines (SRMs) and SRM converters. An SRM with a segmental rotor is compared with a conventional SRM (CSRM), and an SRM converter containing a passive boost circuit is compared with a conventional asymmetric half-bridge (AHB) converter. The segmental SRM has an asymmetric rotor with a segmented structure. The four rotor segments are made of steel laminations. Two segments are misaligned with the other two by 15 degrees. The torque ripple of the SRM with this structure is decreased, and the static torque is increased

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Jeong, In Wha, and Tae Hyun Sung. "One-Cycle Control of Three-Phase Five-Level Diode-Clamped STATCOM." Energies 14, no. 7 (2021): 1830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071830.

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This paper presents a new multilevel one-cycle control (OCC) technique for a five-level diode-clamped multilevel converter (DCMC)-based static VAR compensator (STATCOM). The OCC algorithm in combination with multi-carrier level-shifted PWM control is used in the proposed five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The automatic dc link voltage balance is simply realized by four voltage compensators presented as the part of the OCC controller. In this paper the OCC principle of a two-level converter-based STATCOM is reviewed and extended to the five-level DCMC-based STATCOM. The proposed multilevel OCC cont

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