Academic literature on the topic 'Four new species'
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Journal articles on the topic "Four new species"
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Van de Vijver, Bart, Amelie Jarlman, Horst Lange-Bertalot, Adrienne Mertens, Myriam de Haan, and Luc Ector. "Four new European Achnanthidium species (Bacillariophyceae)." Algological Studies 136-137 (March 1, 2011): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2011/0136-0193.
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Mibey, R. K., J. O. Kokwaro, and D. N. Mukunya. "A new species and four new records of Asterina from Kenya." Nova Hedwigia 62, no. 1-2 (1996): 147–50. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova.hedwigia/62/1996/147.
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van der Walt, Johannes P., Maudy Th Smith, and Henri J. Roeijmans. "Four New Species in Lipomyces." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 22, no. 2 (1999): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(99)80070-8.
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Bandala, V. M., L. Montoya, G. Guzmán, and E. Horak. "Four new species of Phaeocollybia." Mycological Research 100, no. 2 (1996): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(96)80130-4.
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Edwards, K. S., and G. T. Prance. "Four new species of Roupala (Proteaceae)." Brittonia 55, no. 1 (2003): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0007-196x(2003)055[0061:fnsorp]2.0.co;2.
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Fu, Jie-Meng, André Aptroot, Zhong-Liang Wang, and Lu-Lu Zhang. "Four Pyrenula species new to China." Mycotaxon 134, no. 1 (2019): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/134.155.
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Prance, G. T. "Four New Species of Neotropical Dichapetalaceae." Kew Bulletin 49, no. 1 (1993): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4110209.
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Printzen, Christian, Josef P. Halda, John W. McCarthy, et al. "Five New Species ofBiatorafrom Four Continents." Herzogia 29, no. 2 (2016): 566–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13158/heia.29.2.2016.566.
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Brzeski, M. W. "Four New Species of Tylenchidae (Nematoda)." Nematologica 31, no. 4 (1985): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187529285x00517.
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Urbanavichus, Gennadii, and Irina Urbanavichene. "Four lichen species new for Russia." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 57 (April 28, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2020.57.02.
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 Four lichen species, Biatora chrysanthoides collected from Kostroma Region, Gyalidea minuta from Nizhnii Novgorod Region and Polyblastia borealis and Thelocarpon saxicola from Murmansk Region, are reported for the first time for Russia. Comments on their habitats, substrates, key anatomical features and world distribution are provided for each species.
 
 
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Four new species"
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Sato, Tomoyasu. "Phylogeny of the aulopiform fishes with descriptions of a new family, genus, and four new species." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150772.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第9001号<br>農博第1183号<br>新制||農||821(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H13||N3520(農学部図書室)<br>UT51-2001-F331<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻<br>(主査)教授 中坊 徹次, 教授 田中 克, 教授 坂本 亘<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Grewal, Amardeep K. "Digenetic trematodes from marine fishes of Fiji : subfamily Hurleytrematinae (Family Monorchiidae): a review and description of four new species of Hurleytrematoides." Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2336.
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Four new species of Hurleytrematoides Y amaguti, 1954 are described: H. fl}iensis from Heniochus acuminatus pnd Chaetodon citrinellus, H. prevoti from Chaetodon melannotus; H bartolii from Heniochus acuminatus and H monoceros, and H. zebrasomae from Zebrasoma scopas. The hurleytrematine genera Hurleytrema, Hurleytrematoides, Pseudohurleytrema and Parahurleytrema are briefly discussed and their validity accepted based chiefly on the structure of the male and female terminal structures. Hurleytrema pyriforme Overstreet, 1969 and H. catarinensis Amato, 1982 are transferred to Pseudohur/eytrema as new combinations. The generic diagnosis of Hurleytrematoides is emended to include cirrus with large and extensive spines or small ones with limited distribution, and a spiny or aspinose unipartite terminal organ. A key to the hurleytrematine genera with single testis and their species is given. A parasite-host list of all monorchiid species reported to date is included.
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Allentoft, Morten Erik. "An Ancient DNA Study of Four Sympatric Species of Moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) from Holocene Deposits in North Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5264.
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Ancient DNA (aDNA) was isolated from the bones of 290 individuals and four species of extinct New Zealand moa. All sampled bones had been recovered from a small geographic area (~10 km radius) near Waikari in North Canterbury. A total of 217 specimens were 14C-AMS dated, providing a temporal framework for the genetic analyses and an unprecedented opportunity to study extinct megafauna at the population level. Taxon and sex were determined for each individual, using aDNA technology. This revealed a large excess of females (overall ♂:♀ = 1:5.1), and significant compositional differences for the moa assemblages between fossil sites. Balanced sex ratios were observed among juvenile moa, suggesting that a gender-bias developed as the birds matured, probably as a result of higher male mortality. Female territoriality and ecological niche-separation are discussed in this context. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), amplified using a quantitative PCR procedure, provided a measure of DNA preservation in each radiocarbon-dated fossil. This assessment showed that DNA degrades over thousands of years according to an exponential decay model, and the average molecular half-life for the here targeted DNA fragment was estimated to be 521 years. By using high-throughput sequencing, six polymorphic moa microsatellite markers were identified and characterised. These are the first microsatellite primers developed exclusively for extinct taxa. A high-resolution genetic study of the four sympatric moa populations was carried out, combining information from mtDNA, microsatellites, sex-identification, and radiocarbon age. Genetic diversity, past demography, kinship, and other aspects of moa biology were analysed. The populations showed a remarkable extent of genetic stability throughout the 3000-4000 years preceding their extinction, suggesting that they were large and viable before suddenly disappearing. The results represent significant advances in aDNA research and thanks to the high resolution in microsatellite markers, moa have here been studied, almost as if they were still alive.
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Cunningham, Ian Stacy. "Shoulder morphology in four species of New World primate: Possible links to foraging behavior (Cebus apella, Cebus albifrons, Saimiri sciureus, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes satanas)." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p1425795.
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Wilson, Richard. "Endophytic fungi from four tree species in New Brunswick and a comparison of two methods of identification of Leptostroma isolates of Pinus resinosa, morphology and molecular probing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0003/NQ29475.pdf.
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Chai, Hui Hui. "Developing new approaches for transcriptomics and genomics : using major resources developed in model species for research in crop species." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14246/.
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With the estimated increase in global demand for food and over-reliance on staple food crops, the exploitation of agricultural biodiversity is important to address food security challenges. The aim of this study is to develop approaches to transfer major informational and physical resources developed in model plant and major crop species to resources poor crop species, using oil palm and Bambara groundnut as two exemplar crops. XSpecies (cross-species) approach, the core approach of the study, is described as the approach which uses microarrays developed for a given species to analyse another related species. The use of the XSpecies approach (here the cross-hybridisation of DNA from oil palm onto heterologous Affymetrix microarrays for Arabidopsis and rice), is the first experiment reported in oil palm and focused on a bulked segregant analysis of different shell-thicknesses for oil palm fruit. Primers design involved screening candidate probe-pairs filtered using PIGEONS software against oil palm transcriptome sequences generated using 454 sequencing technology. The results provided an insight into the effects of sequence divergence between oil palm and the reference species (Arabidopsis and rice) onto the power of detecting single feature polymorphism (SFPs) in oil palm, implying the importance of close association between studied and model plant/crop in XSpecies approach. The XSpecies approach coupled with genetical genomics was also tested within legumes, with Bambara groundnut as the query species compared to soybean as the resource rich species (20 Mya). A mild drought experiment, conducted in a controlled environment glasshouse, used an F5 segregating population derived from a controlled cross between DipC and Tiga Nicuru in Bambara groundnut. The cross-hybridisation of Bambara groundnut leaf RNA to the soybean GeneChip individual oligonucleotide probes resulted in a total of 1,531 of good quality gene expression markers (GEMs) on the basis of the differences in the hybridisation signal strength. The first ‘expression-based’ genetic map (GEM map) was constructed using 165 GEMs spanning 920.3 cM of Bambara groundnut genome. The first high density DNA-marker genetic map of 1,341.3 cM combining dominant DArT and co-dominant SNPs, developed using the DArT Seq approach, with additional pre-existing microarray-based DArT and SSR markers, was also developed in the F3 segregating population. Both maps were combined to form the first integrated map of 1,250.7 cM with 212 markers. Morphological differences and the rapid reduction in stomatal conductance observed within the F5 segregating population in the drought experiment provided trait data for a QTL analysis. The comprehensive QTL analysis in Bambara groundnut detected significant QTLs for morphological traits using GEM map, including internode length, peduncle length, pod number per plant, pod weight per plant, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight, shoot dry weight and harvest index across four linkage groups: LG1, LG2B, LG8B and LG11A. The loci controlling internode length and peduncle length were also consistently mapped to single marker on LG1 in DArTseq map using F3 segregating population, suggesting that these two traits are probably controlled by single gene or two closely linked genes. Despite significant genotypes effects on stomatal conductance tested in ANOVA analysis, no major QTLs were detected, suggesting the contributions of a number of small genetic effects to stomatal conductance. A preliminary homology search using the LG1 linkage group markers and associated gene models showed the ability to develop a framework for identification of candidate genes in Bambara groundnut relative to soybean. The present study also developed the resources for an eQTL analysis in a cross-species context. Translation from major and model plant species to underutilised and resource poor crops is critical to be able to develop many crop species with potential for future agriculture. This study examines some of the approaches which might be adopted and replicated in various underutilised crop species.
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Meierotto, Sarah. "DNA BARCODING AS A TOOL FOR SPECIES DISCOVERY AND DOCUMENTATION IN THE SUPERFAMILY ICHNEUMONOIDEA." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/47.
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Changes to traditional taxonomic methods to incorporate new technologies and methods have already improved the quality of species hypotheses, but more work can be done to improve the speed of new species documentation. The mitochondrial COI DNA barcode has been successfully used to identify species with high accuracy since the early 2000s, and has been used in conjunction with morphological examinations and other DNA markers to discover and delimit new species. This thesis explores the application of DNA barcodes as the primary data for delimitation and diagnosis of new species of ichneumonoids.
The genera Zelomorpha and Hemichoma are revised and 18 new species from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste in Costa Rica are diagnosed based on COI barcodes. Two additional species are described based on morphology. An illustrated morphological key and morphological diagnoses for each species are also included.
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Saadeh, Bashir. "Characterization and search for virulence-related factors in “Classical” and “New” Brucella species." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T010/document.
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L'étude qu'on a entreprise a pour but d'analyser les facteurs de virulence des espèces "Classiques" et "nouvelles" de Brucella. Dans cette perspective, on a analysé les génomes des espèces récemment découvertes : Brucella inopinata BO1 et Brucella inopinata-like BO2, isolés pour la première fois de patients humains sans réservoir animal connu. On a découvert que ces deux espèces possèdent des profils de restriction uniques. De plus, BO2 possède deux chromosomes de taille identique, un profil jamais décrit pour une autre espèce de Brucella. L'analyse de la réplication intracellulaire de ces deux espèces révèle que BO2 ne se réplique pas dans les macrophages humains et murins alors que BO1 se réplique d'une façon similaire à Brucella suis 1330, ce qui confirme la potentielle implication de BO1 dans la pathogenèse chez l'homme. Sur un autre niveau d'analyse, on a été à la recherche de facteurs de virulence potentiels dans d'autres espèces de Brucella notamment Brucella microti et Brucella suis sur les niveaux génomique et post-transcriptionnel. Sur le niveau génomique, on a découvert que le système GAD (glutamate decarboxylase) confère une résistance à l'acidité à Brucella microti lors de son passage dans l'estomac. Sur le niveau post-transcriptionnel, on a isolé, séquencé et identifié les petits ARNs noncodant associés à la protéine chaperone Hfq, qui joue un rôle important dans la virulence de Brucella<br>We have undertaken in this study a multidimensional analysis of the virulence factors of "Classical" and new "Brucella species". In this objective, we have analysed the genomes of newly described species Brucella inopinata BO1 and Brucella inopinata-like BO2 isolated for the first time from human patients with no known animal reservoir. We found that these two species have unique restriction profiles. In addition, BO2 has a unique chromosomal distribution with two chromosomes of the same size, never seen before in Brucella. Analysis of the intracellular replication of these strains reveals that BO2 is unable to replicate in neither human nor mouse macrophages while BO1 successfully entered and replicated as efficiently as Brucella suis 1330 confirming the potential virulence of this species for humans. On an other level of analysis, we looked for potential virulence factors in other Brucella species including Brucella microti and Brucella suis at the genomic and post-transcriptional level. At the genomic level we discovered that the glutamate decarboxylase system confers resistance to acidity to Brucella miroti during its transit in the stomach. On the post-transcriptional level, we isolated, sequenced and identified small noncoding RNAs associated to the chaperone protein Hfq, known to play a role in the virulence of Brucella
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Morio, Kimberly Ann. "Development of a new multi-species, in vitro model for root canal disinfection." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6810.
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Bacterial disinfection of the root-canal system is the goal in achieving a successful root canal treatment. Currently, this is accomplished by mechanical and chemical debridement. However, limitations continue to exist with these processes and bacteria can still remain, resulting in potential failure of treatment. The aims of this study were to develop a stable, reproducible polymicrobial biofilm in human teeth and utilize this model to compare the bactericidal activity of the UV light disinfection to current root canal chemo-mechanical debridement techniques. We hypothesized that use of UV light at known bactericidal wavelengths were lethal to bacterial cells. Our pilot studies have revealed strong bactericidal capabilities of the UV light against four bacterial species which have been previously isolated in failed root canal procedures; Enterococcus facealis, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We then developed a novel stable reproducible human tooth multi-species biofilm model for UV light disinfection testing. Studies were conducted to study the treatment effects of NaOCl only, UV only and NaOCl+UV. The data revealed strong evidence of initial treatment effect with NaOCl and NaOCl+UV (p
Objectives: Bacterial disinfection of the root-canal (RC) system is critical for successful RC treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a stable reproducible polymicrobial biofilm in human teeth using four bacterial species previously isolated from failed RCs (Enterococcus facaelis (EF), Actinomyces viscosus (AV), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) that can be used to compare new methods with established root canal disinfection techniques.
Methods: The four bacterial species were cultured individually according to species requirements. A polymicrobial bacterial suspension containing all 4 species was prepared when cultures reached the desired optical density. The polymicrobial suspension was first tested on enriched blood agar to confirm that all species would grow well together. Optimal concentrations of each bacteria for the tooth model system were determined through a series of experiments growing polymicrobial biofilms in 12-well plates. Following successful growth in plates, the multi-species biofilm was grown in human premolar teeth under anaerobic conditions. Biofilms were assessed by physical removal of the biofilms and spiral-plating resulting multi-species suspensions onto selective and differential agars for incubation.
Results: All bacteria have been consistently recovered from multi-species biofilms colonizing root canals of human teeth in our model system. Our studies to date have shown that we can achieve stable and reproducible microbial communities established in the root canals of human teeth.
Conclusions: We have developed a stable reproducible human tooth multi-species biofilm model. Our immediate future studies will focus on development of a prolonged, multi-species biofilms maintained over a period of several weeks. We believe this novel biofilm model will allow for more accurate determination of the efficacy of new and innovative canal disinfection techniques; such as cold-plasma disinfection and/or laser-light therapy.
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Paladini, Giuseppe. "Aspects of systematics and host specificity for Gyrodactylus species in aquaculture." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17043.
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Of the 430+ extant species of Gyrodactylus, ectoparasitic monogenetic flukes of aquatic vertebrates, Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 is arguably the most well-known. Following the introduction of this species into Norway in the 1970s with consignments of infected Atlantic salmon smolts, Salmo salar L., this species has had a devastating impact on the Norwegian Atlantic salmon population, decimating wild stocks in over 40 rivers. Gyrodactylus salaris is the only OIE (Office International des Epizooties) listed parasitic pathogen of fish and has been reported from 19 countries across Europe, though many of these records require confirmation. The UK, Ireland and some selected watersheds in Finland are currently recognised as G. salaris-free states; however, the threat that this notifiable parasite poses to the salmon industry in the UK and Ireland is of national concern. Current British contingency plans are based on the assumption that if G. salaris were to be introduced, the parasite would follow similar dynamics to those on salmonid stocks from across Scandinavia, i.e. that Atlantic strains of Atlantic salmon would be highly susceptible to infection, with mortalities resulting; that brown trout, Salmo trutta fario L., would be resistant and would lose their infection in a relatively short period of time; and that grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), would also be resistant to infection, but would carry parasites, at a low level, for up to 143 days. Two of the objectives of this study were to confirm the current distribution of G. salaris across Europe, and then, to investigate the relative susceptibility of British salmonids to G. salaris, to determine whether they would follow a similar pattern of infection to their Scandinavian counterparts or whether, given their isolation since the last glaciation and potential genetic differences, they would exhibit different responses. It has been almost six years since the distribution of G. salaris across Europe was last evaluated. Some of the European states identified as being G. salaris-positive, however, are ascribed this status based on misidentifications, on partial data resulting from either morphological or molecular tests, or according to records that have not been revisited. Additional Gyrodactylus material from selected salmonids was obtained from several countries to contribute to current understanding regarding the distribution of G. salaris across Europe. From the work conducted in the study, G. salaris is reported from Italy for the first time, alongside three other species, and appears to occur extensively throughout the central region without causing significant mortalities to their rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), hosts. The analysis of archive material from G. salaris-positive farms would suggest that G. salaris has been in the country for at least 12 years. Material obtained from rainbow trout from Finland and Germany was confirmed as G. salaris supporting existing data for these countries. No specimens of G. salaris, however, were found in the additional Gyrodactylus material obtained from Portuguese and Spanish rainbow trout, only Gyrodactylus teuchis Lautraite, Blanc, Thiery, Daniel et Vigneulle, 1999, a morphologically similar species was found. Gyrodactylus salaris is now reported from 23 out of ~50 recognised states throughout Europe, only 17 of these however, have been confirmed by either morphology or by an appropriate molecular test, and only ten of these records have been confirmed by a combination of both methods. To assess the susceptibility of English and Welsh salmonids to G. salaris, a number of salmonid stocks of wild origin, were flown to the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI) in Oslo, where they were experimentally challenged with G. salaris. Atlantic salmon from the Welsh River Dee, S. trutta fario from the English River Tyne and T. thymallus from the English River Nidd, raised from wild stock in government hatcheries, were flown out and subsequently challenged with G. salaris haplotype A. After acclimation, each fish was infected with ~50–70 G. salaris and marked, so that parasite numbers on individual fish could be followed. The dynamics on individual fish were followed against a control (Lierelva Atlantic salmon). The experiment found that the number of G. salaris on S. salar from the River Dee continued to rise exponentially to a mean intensity (m.i.) of ~3851 G. salaris fish-1 (day 40 post-infection). These salmon were highly susceptible, more so than the Norwegian salmon control (m.i. ~1989 G. salaris fish-1 d40 post-infection) and were unable to regulate parasite numbers. The S. trutta fario and T. thymallus populations, although initially susceptible, were able to control and reduce parasite burdens after 12 (m.i. ~146 G. salaris fish-1) and 19 (m.i. ~253 G. salaris fish-1) days, respectively when peak infections were seen. Although the latter two hosts were able to limit their G. salaris numbers, both hosts carried infections for up to 110 days (i.e. when the experiment was terminated). The ability of S. trutta fario and T. thymallus to carry an infection for long periods increases the window of exposure and the potential transfer of G. salaris to other susceptible hosts. The potential role that brown trout may play in the transmission and spread of G. salaris in the event of an outbreak, needs to be considered carefully, as well as the interpretation of the term “resistant” which is commonly used when referring to brown trout’s susceptibility to G. salaris. The current British surveillance programmes for G. salaris are focused on the screening of Atlantic salmon and on the monitoring of the rainbow trout movements. The findings from this study demonstrate that G. salaris can persist on brown trout for long periods, and suggest that brown trout sites which overlap with Atlantic salmon or rainbow trout sites are also included within surveillance programmes and that the role that brown trout could play in disseminating infections needs to be factored into contingency/management plans. Throughout the course of the study, a number of parasite samples were sent to the Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory at Stirling for evaluation. Some of these samples represented Gyrodactylus material that were associated with fish mortalities, but the species of Gyrodactylus responsible appeared to be new to science. A further aspect of this study was, therefore, to investigate these Gyrodactylus related mortalities in aquaculture stock and to describe the species found in each case, which may represent emerging pathogens. The two new species, Gyrodactylus orecchiae Paladini, Cable, Fioravanti, Faria, Di Cave et Shinn, 2009 and Gyrodactylus longipes Paladini, Hansen, Fioravanti et Shinn, 2011 on farmed gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., were collected from several Mediterranean farms. The finding of G. orecchiae in Albania and Croatia was associated with 2–10% mortality of juvenile stock and represents the first species of Gyrodactylus to be formally described from S. aurata. Subsequently, G. longipes was found in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Italy, and at the Italian farm site, it occurred as a mixed infection with G. orecchiae, but these infections did not appear to result in any loss of stock. Unconfirmed farm reports from this latter site, however, suggest that a 5–10% mortality of juvenile S. aurata was also caused by an infection of Gyrodactylus, which is suspected to be G. longipes. Additional samples of Gyrodactylus from a gilthead seabream farm located in the north of France have been morphologically identified as G. longipes, extending the geographical distribution of this potentially pathogenic species to three countries and three different coasts. In addition to these samples, some specimens of Gyrodactylus from a Mexican population of rainbow trout were sent for evaluation.
Books on the topic "Four new species"
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Richard, Robins C., and University of Kansas. Natural History Museum., eds. Four new species of the genus Ophidion (Pisces: Ophidiidae) from the western Atlantic Ocean. Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 2003.
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Russell, Barry C. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Suezichthys: With descriptions of four new species. Bishop Museum Press, 1985.
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Russell, Barry C. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Suezichthys: With descriptions of four new species. Bishop Museum Press, 1985.
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Russell, Barry C. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Suezichthys, with descriptions of four new species. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, 1985.
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Karaytug, Süphan. Partial revision of Paracyclops Claus, 1893 (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Cyclopidae) with descriptions of four new species. Natural History Museum, 1998.
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Clark, Roger N. The chiton fauna of the Gulf of California rhodolith beds (with the descriptions of four new species). Delaware Museum of Natural History, 2000.
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Museum, Royal Ontario. A new genus and four new species of fishes from the Indo-West Pacific (pisces, perciformes, gobiidae), with comments on relationships. s.n, 1988.
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Bradbury, Margaret G. Rare fishes of the deep-sea genus Halieutopsis: A review with descriptions of four new species (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae). Field Museum of Natural History, 1988.
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Velazco, Paul M. Morphological phylogeny of the bat genus Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with the description of four new species. Field Museum of Natural History, 2005.
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Campbell, Jonathan A. Anguid lizards of the genus Abronia: Revisionary notes, descriptions of four new species, a phylogenetic analysis, and key. American Museum of Natural History, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Four new species"
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Björnberg, Tagea K. S. "Four New Species of Megacalanidae (Crustacea: Copepoda)." In Biology of the Antarctic Seas III. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ar011p0073.
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Hudson, Irene L., Susan W. Kim, and Marie R. Keatley. "Modelling the Flowering of Four Eucalypt Species Using New Mixture Transition Distribution Models." In Phenological Research. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3335-2_14.
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Lu, Baoren, and C. K. Tseng. "Studies on four new species of the malacocarpic Sargassum (Sargassaceae, Heterokontophyta) in China." In Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0944-7_26.
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Ding, Lanping, and Baoren Lu. "Four new species of the Genera Eudesme and Sphaerotrichia (Chordariaceae, Heterokontophyta) from the Chinese Coast." In Asian Pacific Phycology in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0944-7_25.
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Judas, Jacky. "Terrestrial Mammals of the United Arab Emirates." In A Natural History of the Emirates. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_14.
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AbstractThe United Arab Emirates (UAE) holds a fascinating mammalian diversity, highly adapted to its harsh arid environment. In total, 58 mammal species have been reported. Seven are now extinct, four are feral, and 10 are introduced non-native species. Of the 37 currently living native species, seven have been added to the national list in the past 15 years. More species likely await discovery, particularly among bats, the most diverse taxonomic group with 13 species reported for the UAE. Rodents, carnivores and ungulates are the three next most diverse groups. To cope with high temperatures and prolonged droughts, UAE mammals have developed a range of morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations. However, they are not well adapted to face the numerous threats caused by human development. Except for a few species that benefit from urban expansion or conservation programmes, most are experiencing shrinking ranges and populations. Today, 20% of UAE native mammal species are classified as threatened globally, and 41% at the national level following IUCN red list criteria. National conservation programmes, and creation of new protected areas might contribute to improving their status along with increased scientific research efforts to fill the knowledge gaps on their status and ecology.
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Purdy, Robert W., Vincent P. Schneider, Shelton P. Applegate, Jack H. McLellan, Robert L. Meyer, and Bob H. Slaughter. "The Neogene Sharks, Rays, and Bony Fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina." In Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810266.90.71.
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The fish remains, including 104 species from 52 families, collected at the Lee Creek Mine near Aurora, Beaufort County, North Carolina, constitute the largest fossil marine fish assemblages known from the Coastal Plain of the eastern United States. The fish faunas came principally from the Pungo River Formation (Burdigalian, planktonic foraminifera zones N6-7) and the Yorktown Formation (Zanclian, planktonic foraminifera zone N18 and younger). A few specimens were obtained from the James City Formation (early-middle Pleistocene). As an assemblage, the fishes found in the Pungo River Formation, including 44 species of selachians and 10 species of teleosts, are most similar to those from the “Muschelsandstein” of the Swiss Molasse. The Yorktown Formation fish assemblage includes 37 species of selachians and 40 species of teleosts, derived mostly from the base of the Sunken Meadow Member. Although the Pungo River Formation fish fauna is dominated by warm-water (18°-25°C) taxa, the Yorktown Formation fossil fish fauna includes warm and cool water species. Both fish assemblages occur with a cool-temperate invertebrate fauna. The abundant remains in both faunas permit us to make the following interpretations concerning shark taxonomy. We reassign Megascyliorhinus to the family Parascyllidae and Parotodus benedenii (Le Hon) to the Lamnidae. Among the mako sharks, we designate the lectotype of Isurus desori (Agassiz) and synonymize it with 7. oxyrinchus Rafinesque and separate Isurus xiphodon (Agassiz) from I. hastalis (Agassiz). Palaeocarcharodon, Procarcharodon, Megaselachus, and Carcharocles are synonymized with Carcharodon. Sphyrna laevissima (Cope) is synonymized with S. zygaena (Linnaeus), and Galeocerdo triqueter Cope is synonymized with Alopias cf. A. vulpinus (Bonnaterre). This fauna produced four new records and two new species. Among the selachians, we note the first records of Megascyliorhinus, Rhincodon, Megachasma, and Isistius from the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and among the bony fishes, the first occurrences in the fossil record of Caulolatilus and Pomatomus. We also describe two new species of bony fishes, Lopholatilus rayus and Pagrushyneus.
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Oettel, Janine, and Katharina Lapin. "Austria: The Austrian Stepping-Stone Program—A Bottom-Up Approach." In Ecological Connectivity of Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82206-3_22.
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Abstract Austria is a landlocked country in Central Europe, with forests spanning diverse elevations and climates. It currently harbors around 68,000 species, but climate change and fragmentation pose threats to this rich biodiversity. Improving habitat connectivity and consequently allowing species to migrate to new suitable habitats is essential for combating both of these issues. Therefore, a national stepping-stone program with the aim of enhancing forest connectivity and conserving forest biodiversity was initiated. Around 750 stepping stones ranging from 0.5 to 25 hectares in size are to be excluded from regular forest management. Areas of priority include those with a presence of large amounts of deadwood, habitat trees, rare species, and special sites. Identification of these priority areas requires close collaboration with forest owners and employs a GIS-based approach featuring four indicators: Protect Value, Connect Value, Species Value, and Habitat Value. Funding schemes support the program with up to €5040 per hectare over a period of 20 years. The evaluation follows a systematic method, gathering insights and identifying strengths and weaknesses. A steering group oversees the program, and a scientific board advises on research design, data collection, and analysis. Data collection includes both habitat and biodiversity surveys. Stakeholders from the fields of forestry, nature conservation, research, and government are actively involved, supporting the program’s implementation and ensuring transparency. Through collaboration, systematic evaluation, and stakeholder involvement, the program aims to safeguard biodiversity-rich forest ecosystems and ensure long-term success.
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Liebhold, Andrew M., Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, and Deborah G. McCullough. "Forest Insect Invasions and Their Management." In Forest Entomology and Pathology. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11553-0_23.
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AbstractAs a result of increasing globalization, hundreds of forest insect species have been accidentally transported among continents. The most common invasion pathways by which non-native forest insects are transported globally are wood packaging material and live plants. While most non-native forest insect species have no noticeable impacts in their non-native ranges, several species have had serious or even catastrophic effects on tree health, forest resources and ecosystem functions. Approaches to preventing and managing forest insect invasions correspond to the four phases of biological invasions: arrival, establishment, spread and widespread established populations. Biosecurity agencies manage arrival through commodity entry prohibitions, port inspections and mandatory phytosanitary procedures designed to reduce transport of non-native species. Biosecurity measures to prevent establishment focus on surveillance (e.g. traps) to detect new populations that sometimes can be eradicated if populations are discovered early and their occurrence is limited. In very few cases, spread of invasions may be slowed or stopped using containment or barrier zone management. Finally, once populations are established and widespread, methods such as biological control, host resistance breeding, silviculture and pesticides may be needed to mitigate damage caused by non-native pests. As the world becomes increasing interconnected, more insect species are likely to become established in new regions, further increasing the problems associated with non-native forest pests.
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Alves, Filipe, Sarah L. Mesnick, Massimiliano Rosso, and Robert L. Pitman. "Beaked Whale Sexual Dimorphism, Mating Strategies, and Diversification." In Sex in Cetaceans. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35651-3_17.
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AbstractBeaked whales (Ziphiidae), with 24 currently recognized species, are arguably the least known large animals on the planet, despite being widespread and at times abundant. Mesoplodon, with 16 currently recognized species, is by far the most speciose cetacean genus. Recent technological and taxonomic advances, long-term photographic-identification studies, and historical whaling data have allowed new insights into their social and mating strategies and how these may have driven diversification within the family. In most beaked whales, only adult males have exposed teeth—a single “tusk” erupts from each lower jaw and is used in contests to determine access to breeding females. How forcefully males of different species engage conspecifics varies widely based mainly on differences in tooth size/placement and jaw structure. We compiled data on key dimorphic traits including beak modification, tooth size and location, and prevalence of scarring in adults, for all beaked whales. More detailed information is given for the four best-studied species—northern bottlenose whale and Baird’s, Cuvier’s, and Blainville’s beaked whales. We then compared these traits with what is known about their social organization and reproductive anatomy to make inferences about mating strategies. More aggressive species tend to occur in small groups with only one dominant adult male present and have small testes relative to body size, suggesting that male reproductive success is largely determined by precopulatory contest competition and female defense polygyny. Less aggressive species tend to occur (at least at times) in larger, mixed-sex groups with multiple adult males present, and females may mate with multiple males, which favors postcopulatory sperm competition and polygynandry. We further discuss how conflicting pressures arising from males using their beaks for both feeding and fighting could have sparked an adaptive radiation in tooth development and beak morphology among beaked whales, especially within Mesoplodon, which would have had implications for male-male competition, social structure, sexual strategies, and, perhaps ultimately, evolutionary divergence and speciation within this group.
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Resende, Tales Carvalho, and Avenir Geradine Meikengang. "Regional cooperation for the conservation of biodiversity in the Congo Basin forests: Feedback on actions carried out in the TRIDOM-TNS landscapes." In Managing Transnational UNESCO World Heritage sites in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80910-2_12.
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AbstractBiodiversity does not adhere to political boundaries. Globally, more than 50% of all terrestrial species have a range that crosses an international border. This includes more than 50% of all mammals, 25% of all amphibians and almost 70% of all birds. Of the threatened species, over 20% had a transboundary range (Mason et al., 2020). Covering a total area of more than 1.5 million km2 in six Central African countries (Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Republic of Congo and Democratic Republic of Congo), the so-called Congo Basin forests are the second largest tropical forest in the world after the Amazon Basin. They form the most diverse assemblage of plants and animals in Africa, and are home to some 10,000 species of plants, 1,000 birds, 700 fish and 400 mammals, including many iconic species such as forest elephants, lowland gorillas and chimpanzees. Currently, almost 15% of the total forest area of the Congo Basin has protected area status. The management of these protected areas is now based on a new paradigm: the landscape conservation approach. Twelve landscapes have been identified as priorities in the Congo Basin because of their relative taxonomic importance, overall integrity, and the resilience of the ecological processes they represent. Among these landscapes, the TRIDOM (Trinational Dja-Odzala-Minkébé) (Cameroon, Congo and Gabon) and TNS (Trinational Sangha) (Cameroon, Congo and Central African Republic) stand out as hosting the majority of the last remaining forest elephants, lowland gorillas and chimpanzees in Central Africa. The presence of four of the eight natural World Heritage sites in the Congo Basin forests testifies to the exceptional importance of these two contiguous transboundary landscapes. This article will review the evolution of regional cooperation for the conservation of biodiversity in the Congo Basin forests by providing feedback on actions carried out in the TRIDOM and TNS landscapes.
Conference papers on the topic "Four new species"
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Davis, Steve. "New Anti-Fouling Technology Applied to Prevent the Growth of Invasive Species on the Southern Delivery Project in Pueblo, Colorado." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00002.
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Abstract The Southern Delivery System is a 62 mile steel pipeline built to transport water from Pueblo Reservoir to Colorado Springs. A contract was awarded to the coatings applicator to install an anti-fouling coating system that would start from the new conduit, exiting the dam, to the first bulkhead. Anti-fouling coating technology used to prevent the attachment of invasive zebra mussels was installed to the interior of the pipe with approximate dimensions of 130’ in length and 80” in diameter. Scope of work consisted of media blasting the new steel pipe and applying a four coat paint system. This presentation will outline the process and procedure of the lining of the conduit.
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Badidová, Bianca, Radoslav Forgáč, and Miloš Očkay. "The PCA and 1D-CNN Dimension Reduction Comparison for Hyperspectral Classification of Tree Species." In 2024 New Trends in Signal Processing (NTSP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ntsp61680.2024.10726316.
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Kane, R. D., M. S. Cayard, S. Tebbal, and M. Prager. "New Test Specimen and Methodology for Evaluation of Steels for Resistance to SOHIC." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97051.
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Abstract This paper presents a test method for the evaluation of carbon steels for resistance to stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC). It involves the extension of standard non-stressed HIC tests per NACE TM0284 to incorporate the following aspects critical for the evaluation of steels for wet H2S equipment: (1) application of tensile stress, (2) full immersion and one-side exposure, (3) evaluation of welded and non-welded specimens, and (4) crack location coding. A double beam (DB) test specimen adapted from ASTM G-39 loaded in 4-point bending is utilized to provide an applied stress. In addition to conventional analyses for internal cracking per NACE TM0284, analysis were developed for (1) crack location coding relative to weld, HAZ and base metal locations and for position of cracks relative to tension surface or centerline locations, and for (2) a simplified SOHIC evaluation procedure involving the measurement of SOHIC crack extension in a notch, non-welded specimen. Data is presented which highlights these particular aspects of the DB test specimen relative to other standard test specimens per NACE TM0177 and TM0284 and for a round robin testing program using the DB specimen.
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Crolet, Jean-Louis, and Guy G. Maisonneuve. "A New Device for Side Bend Testing on Pipe Seam Welds." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00128.
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Abstract Following the recent failure of a new electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe line during the hydrotest, and bearing in mind satisfactory previous experience with this type of product, the requirement arose for a short, practical, reliable and inexpensive acceptance test. The problem is that to evaluate the whole thickness of a metallurgical product, it is necessary to use a side bend test, and that for a pipe seam weld, the specimens are curved, so that the sample holders usually employed in four point bend tests cannot be used. A special specimen holder has therefore been developed, which so far has proved to be fully satisfactory, in terms both of the test procedure and the results obtained. It has been shown that even for apparently well made ERW pipes, the properties of the bond line can vary significantly from one delivery to another, including those of a given supplier. The side bend test thus represents a valuable tool for both the producer and the end user. In order to facilitate communication between the different industrial partners, it is proposed to standardize the test as rapidly as possible.
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Nakamura, Jun, Keiichi Kondo, Hiroki Kamitani, Hisashi Amaya, and Mutsumi Tanida. "The Effect of Crack Start Positions for Chevron Notch Type on NACE TM0177 DCB Elastic Compliance." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12842.
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Abstract The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test method standardized in NACE TM0177 is increasingly applied as a quality assurance test to specify the performance of carbon and low alloy steels for sour service. The DCB test method has been modified and specified tightly from the view point of specimen geometry, test environment, and initial stress intensity factor controlled by arm displacement to obtain highly repeatable test results. NACE TM0177 2016 method D has various types of starter notch configurations on DCB specimens. Crack start position shifted change specimen of EDM notch has been in accordance with NACE TM0177 since 2016 and the distance from a pin hole to a crack starter has been different. Previous research the influence of crack starter position on K1SSC has been revealed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and DCB tests. In this paper, in order to clarify the applicability of compliance curve in TM0177-2016 and propose the new compliance curves for shift changed chevron notch type DCB specimens with U-groove, FEA and experimental approach was performed.
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Lima, Lucas Maciel de Andrade, and Tasnim Hassan. "A Novel in Situ Miniature Creep Tester for Evaluation of New Cladding Alloys." In AM-EPRI 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0600.
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Abstract Miniature specimen tests are necessary to assess the mechanical properties of new fuel cladding alloys for next-generation nuclear reactors. The small specimen allows for extensive testing programs from limited volumes of material. However, there is a lack of testing equipment to perform high-temperature mechanical tests on the miniature specimen. This work presents the development of a high-temperature creep test system for miniature specimens with in situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) testing capability for real-time characterization. Here, we discuss the challenges of the development of the system, such as gripping the samples, loading, heating, cooling mechanisms, and strain measurement. The equipment is used to investigate the creep behavior of FeCrAl alloy Kanthal APMT, and the results are compared with conventional creep test data from the same batch of this material.
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Rodgers, Ryan P., Parviz Rahimi, Barry Messer, Terry Phillips, and Alan G. Marshall. "Advanced Evaluation of Crude Compositions for Optimum Corrosion Resistance and Processing Capabilities." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06582.
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Abstract Naphthenic acids are minor constituents in most petroleum crudes; however, these acids have special significance due to their potential for corrosivity in refinery equipment. In order to evaluate the degree of corrosivity, it is important to identify the chemical nature of naphthenic acid constituents. This paper reports on a new Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) technique to positively identify and provide information on the relative abundance of the naphthenic acid as well as other polar and nonpolar species present in crude oil without special sample preparation. The new technique for in-depth chemical analysis of crudes leads to a better understanding and prediction of crude’s corrosive behavior. The corrosivity correlation data will be reported separately.
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Wati, R. K., and I. A. Fijridiyanto. "Leaf sheaths micromorphology of four Glomera species from new Guinea." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL, MINING, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022. AIP, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184085.
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Bengston, Sarah. "A new case of social parasitism in four westernTemnothoraxant species and the implications for colony interactions." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114578.
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Busmachiu, Galina, Svetlana Bacal, Cristian Minzat, and Daniela Burduja. "New record of invertebrates associated with decomposed wood from the Plaiul Fagului reserve." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.27.
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The paper presents new data about the diversity of invertebrates associated with decomposed wood from the Plaiul Fagului Reserve. A total of 60 invertebrate species belonging to 45 genera, 20 families and two classes Collembola and Insecta (Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) were identified. A rare species - Carabus intricatus and C. ullrichi included in the third edition of the Red Book were highlighted. Four new species of Coleoptera are recorded for the first time for the reserve
Reports on the topic "Four new species"
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Gouliamova, Dilnora, and Roumen Dimitrov. Kazachstania chrysolinae and Kazachstania bozae Two New Yeast Species of the Genus Kazachstania. Transfer of Four Kazachstania Species to Grigorovia Gen. Nov. as New Combinations. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.01.06.
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Aiello-Lammens, Matthew E., Robert Anderson, Mary E. Blair, et al. Species Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and Practitioners. American Museum of Natural History, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0184.
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Models that predict distributions of species by combining known occurrence records with digital layers of environmental variables have much potential for application in conservation. Through using this module, teachers will enable students to develop species distribution models, to apply the models across a series of analyses, and to interpret predictions accurately. In addition to its original components, this module features an updated and condensed synthesis document ("A Brief Introduction to Species Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and Practitioners," which provides theoretical and practical guidance for the expanding field of species distribution modeling. The synthesis is supplemented by a new exercise where learners create and optimize species distribution models using Wallace, an R-based GUI (Graphical User Interface) application for ecological modeling that currently focuses on building, evaluating, and visualizing models of species niches and distributions. Additionally, there are four new PowerPoint presentations on species distribution models (the history and theory, data and algorithms, and evaluating SDMs), as well as a presentation on how to use Wallace. The original Synthesis, "Species' Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and Practitioners," introduces learners to the modeling approach, outlines key concepts and terminology, and describes questions that may be addressed using the approach. A theoretical framework that is fundamental to ensuring that students understand the uses and limitations of the models is then described. Additionally, it details the main steps in building and testing a distribution model, and describes three case studies that illustrate applications of the models. This module is targeted at a level suitable for teaching graduate students and conservation professionals.
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DeSaix, Matthew. Bird community monitoring at New River Gorge National River, Gauley River National Recreation Area, and Bluestone National Scenic River, 1997 - 2018. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2289846.
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Birds are prominent features of National Park Service lands and are effective indicators for monitoring ecosystem health. Assessing the temporal change of avian species abundance depends on long-term monitoring of bird communities and trends, however long-term monitoring programs are generally uncommon. In this report, we summarize 22 years (1997-2018) of point count data across five sites on West Virginia National Park Service lands (three in New River Gorge National River, one in Gauley River National Recreation Area, and one in Bluestone National Scenic River) and compare these results to our analysis of Breeding Bird Survey data for the same time period across all of West Virginia. The objectives of this analysis are two-fold: 1) describe the biotic integrity of the National Park Service lands in West Virginia and 2) Quantify trends in guilds and species abundance. During the 20-year period of this survey, 85 breeding resident species were detected. The West Virginia National Park Service lands are home to stable populations of Wood Thrush and Yellow-billed Cuckoo, both species of continental concern by Partners in Flight. Seven species have declined precipitously on NPS lands during this time period. Three of these species are also experiencing declines across the rest of West Virginia (Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, Carolina Chickadee, Kentucky Warbler), but the other 4 species are stable across West Virginia (Acadian Flycatcher, Black-throated Green Warbler, Northern Parula, Swainson’s Warbler). Four species that are declining across West Virginia (Great Crested Flycatcher, Indigo Bunting, Red-eyed Vireo, and Worm-eating Warbler) are stable on southern West Virginia NPS lands. Additionally, the upper-canopy foraging guild of species has decreased significantly on NPS lands in southern West Virginia. An analysis of community biotic integrity revealed that the southern West Virginia NPS lands have been stable at a rating of high biotic integrity every year for the duration of this survey. Future research should delve into the underlying factors that may be driving the trends in abundance at different scales.
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Boonkerd, Thaweesakdi, Rossarin Pollawatn, and Parinyanoot Darumas. Taxonomic revision of the Lycopodiaceae in Southeast Asia : final report. Chulalongkorn University, 2005. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2005.33.
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The Lycopodiaceae sensu lato is one of the large family of vascular plants comprising about 480 species. Treatment of the genera in this family is rather different among botanists ranging from a single genus, i.e. Lycopodium s.l. to 15 genera. Phylloglossum Kunze, is usually recognized as a distinct genus and family, Phylloglossaceae due to its unique characters and endemics to Australia. The most recognized classification segregated members of the Lycopodiaceae into three genera, namely Huperzia Bernhardi, Lycopodiella Holub, and Lycopodium L. s. str. The purpose of this study was to find additional evidences to support the separation of Lycopodiaceae from south-east Asian countries into one or more than one distinct genera. Four hundred and nine herbarium specimens (OTUs) from 7 species which represent the three segregated genera, were subjected to cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. Based on 16 quantitative characters and supported by 5 qualitative characters, cluster analysis strongly indicated the presence of three distinct groups within the studied specimens. This was accomplished by conducting a series of discriminant analyses using groups from the result of cluster analysis and the result was confirmed. It was found that 5 characters, i.e. sporangium shape, distance between two whorls, leaf thickness, width of sporangium, and diameter of apical shoot collectively supported the segregation of the 3 groups of genera from the Lycopodium s.l. So far, 25 species of Huperzia, 2 species of Lycopodiella and 8 species of Lycopodium s. str. were recorded in South-East Asia, while Thailand has 13 species of Huperzia, 1 species of Lycopodiella and 3 species of Lycopodium s. str. The following 8 species:- Huperzia cryptomerina (Maxim.) Dixit, H. dalhousiana (Spring) Trevisan, H. goebelii (Nessel) Holub, H. laxa (C.Presl) Trevisan, H. pulcherrima (Hook. & Grev.) Pichi-Serm., H. tetrasticha (Kunze) Holub, Lycopodium casuarinoides Spring and L. complanatum L. are new records for Thailand.
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Guilfoyle, Michael, Amanda Anderson, Samuel Jackson, et al. Coastal breeding bird phenology on the dredged-material islands of the Baptiste Collette Bayou, US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48473.
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Coastal bird populations in North America have experienced significant population declines over the past four decades, and many species have become dependent upon human-made islands and other sediment-based habitats created through dredged material deposition. We monitored the breeding phenology of coastal bird populations utilizing dredged-material islands and open depositional areas in the Baptiste Collette Bayou in coastal Louisiana. Monitoring began in early May, prior to when most coastal species begin nesting, and continued through late August, when most breeding activity has ceased. Semimonthly surveys included area searches by foot and boat. Two deposition areas and one island supported large numbers of foraging, roosting, or breeding birds; surveys on these areas included using spotting scopes to identify species and count nests or young. Six islands and two open deposition areas were monitored. We also collected high-definition and lidar imagery using an uncrewed aerial system (UAS) in June, during peak nesting season. We recorded 77,474 cumulative detections of 68 species. Virtually all colonial nesting birds (terns and skimmers) nested on Gunn Island in 2021. We discuss these results in the context of dredged-material deposition by the US Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District, and offer recommendations for management of these areas.
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Martin, Lyra. Inventory for Navajo Sedge, Carex specuicola, along Seeplines at Natural Bridges National Monument. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301739.
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Hanging gardens are an important part of the landscape at Natural Bridges National Monument (NABR) and are the most common type of spring within the park. These hanging gardens support a diversity of plant species including the federally listed threatened Navajo Sedge (Carex specuicola; CASP). CASP is confined to seep and spring emergences in sandstone outcroppings in the Four Corners area. Populations of CASP are known throughout northern Arizona and in southern Utah just south of NABR. Much of the potential habitat in southern Utah has not been surveyed for the species. Occurrences of CASP within NABR are at the northernmost extent of CASP?s range in the region and are also unique because they are in a canyon that is tributary to the Colorado River rather than the San Juan River. Since the extent of CASP populations were largely unknown, the objective of this project was to conduct a follow up inventory for CASP at hanging gardens in NABR to help document occurrences of this species at NABR, its presence and absence in suitable habitat, and suggest sites to be incorporated into the regional monitoring program. Sites with positive occurrence of CASP could be targeted for increased protection by the park. Knowledge of these sites may also be used to advocate for management decisions such as the protection of water resources that recharge the springs of CASP habitat. This project resurveyed 64 previously known hanging gardens for CASP and documented and surveyed 26 new seeps found near the existing sites. CASP was not detected at the majority of sites. Four suspected CASP occurrences were documented, two of which had not been previously documented. Data and clippings of the leaves were taken from all new, suspected, or previously known CASP populations for genetic analysis. Genetic analysis of leaf specimens collected at Doug Fir North, North Doug Fir 7, Sipapu 1, and White Canyon 2 confirmed the presence of C. specuicola at these sites.
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Larramendy, Peter, Linnea Hall, and Annie Little. Landbird trends 2016–2021, and 2021 annual report: Channel Islands National Park. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299629.
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The National Park Service (NPS) began monitoring landbirds at Channel Islands National Park in 1993 as part of its long-term inventory and monitoring program. The park’s landbird monitoring later became part of the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Division’s Mediterranean Coast Network long-term monitoring programs. Consequently, landbird monitoring has been conducted during every breeding season since 1993. In this report, we summarize data collected during the 2021 breeding season and we analyze trends in a select number of species. Landbird monitoring was conducted between 10 March and 22 May 2021. Using distance-based sampling methods in a standardized protocol, birds were counted on 334 of 338 permanent point count stations (99%) across the Channel Islands monitored for landbirds. These surveys were conducted at 29 of 33 points on Santa Barbara Island, 8 of 8 on East Anacapa Islet, 112 of 112 on Santa Cruz Island, 40 of 40 on San Miguel Island, and 145 of 145 on Santa Rosa Island. Four points on Santa Barbara Island were not counted due to nesting California Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) and Western Gulls (Larus occidentalis); 3 of 4 points (i.e., 17, 19, and 20) were also not counted in 2016–2021 to avoid disturbing breeding pelicans. This was the first monitoring season that the permanent line transects on Santa Barbara, East Anacapa, and San Miguel Islands were not surveyed. During the 2021 monitoring season, Channel Islands National Park decided to stop using line transects and focus on point count stations only, based on an external review of the landbird monitoring program. Fifty-six bird species were counted at point count stations across all of the islands in 2021. Parkwide, 40 of these species are breeders in Channel Islands National Park. Parkwide, the 10 most detected breeding landbirds in 2021 were, in descending order: Spotted Towhee, Song Sparrow, Bewick’s Wren, Orange-crowned Warbler, House Finch, Western Meadowlark, Horned Lark, Common Raven, Island Scrub-Jay, and Pacific-slope Flycatcher (scientific names in Table 2 and Appendix A). On East Anacapa Islet, 26 landbird species have been counted since 1993; 7 species were counted in 2021. No new transient species were detected in 2021; 6 transient or visiting species have been counted on the island overall since 1993. On Santa Barbara Island, 50 landbird species have been counted since 1993; 13 species were counted in 2021. Lincoln’s Sparrow was a new transient species counted in 2021 on Santa Barbara; 23 transient or visiting species have been counted on the island since 1993. On Santa Cruz Island, 78 landbird species have been counted since 2013; 45 species were counted in 2021. Hermit Warbler, Lawrence’s Goldfinch and Warbling Vireo were new transient species counted in 2021 on Santa Cruz Island; 21 transient or visiting species have been counted on this island since 2013. On San Miguel Island, 70 landbird species have been counted since 1993; 10 were counted in 2021. No transient species were counted in 2021; 32 transient or visiting species have been counted on the island since 1993. On Santa Rosa Island, 78 landbird species have been counted since 1994; 39 were detected in 2021. No new transient species were counted in 2021 on Santa Rosa; 21 transient or visiting species have been counted on the island since 1994. Nonnative and invasive birds were counted on only 1 of the 5 islands in 2021: 23 European Starlings on Santa Rosa Island. However, anecdotal sightings of nonnative species occurred more frequently (i.e., outside of survey times) on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands in 2021. The highest numbers of nonnative species detections occurred on Santa Rosa Island, with 25 detections of Eurasian Collared Dove (primarily at the Historic Ranch), 18 detections of European Starling (Historic Ranch), 2 detections of Brown-headed Cowbird, and 1 Rock Pigeon detection (Historic Ranch). Other species were not reported by Channel Islands National Park landbird monitors or in eBird in 2021. This was the first annual monitoring report since the Coonan and Dye (2016) trend report to incorporate density estimates for particular species across Channel Islands National Park. Parkwide, 13 species were analyzed using the Distance Package in R. Of the 13 species analyzed, 5 had either increasing or decreasing densities from 2016 to 2021. All park islands except for Santa Barbara had a species that showed an increasing or decreasing trend from 2016 to 2021. Horned Lark and House Finch on San Miguel Island were the only species to show decreasing trends from 2016 to 2021, which is opposite from the trend presented by Coonan and Dye (2016).
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Epiphan, Jean, and Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.
Full textAbstract:
The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.
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Kurimo-Beechuk, Elizabeth, Michael Byrne, and Wendy Wright. Landbird community monitoring at Fort Sumter National Monument: 2012 data summary. National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, 2016. https://doi.org/10.36967/2228028.
Full textAbstract:
Birds are an important component of park ecosystems. Due to their high body temperature, rapid metabolism, and high ecological position in most food webs, birds are also good indicators of the effects of local and regional ecosystem changes. Patterns in the community composition, distribution, and occurrence of breeding birds provide a metric for assessing ecological integrity and sustainability in southeastern U.S. ecosystems. Further, trends in these attributes in relation to activities occurring at Fort Sumter National Monument (e.g., management actions, natural disturbance, invasive-species treatment) will improve our understanding of the effects of various management actions and other stressors on the condition of monument resources. This report summarizes data collected during implementation of the SECN landbird community monitoring protocol (Byrne et al. 2014) at Fort Sumter National Monument in 2012. 1. Automated recording devices collected bird detection/ non-detection data from four spatially balanced random locations within the monument. 2. Approximately 80 minutes of recordings were collected in May and June, to represent a closed population, and were evaluated to detect the presence of vocalizing birds. 3. Thirty-three species of birds were detected during the sampling effort. 4. Carolina wren, house finch, and northern cardinal were the most frequently occurring and widely distributed species (i.e., occurring at all sampling locations). Blue jay, brown thrasher, Carolina chickadee, chimney swift, fish crow, mourning dove, northern mockingbird, purple martin, and red-winged blackbird were also widely distributed across the monument, occurring at 75% of all sampling locations. 5. Two non-native species, house finch and house sparrow, were detected during the sampling effort. 6. Blue-gray gnatcatcher, great crested flycatcher, and orchard oriole represent new detections and will be added to the monument species list. 7. The full dataset, and associated metadata, can be acquired from the NPS data store at the Integrated Resource Management Applications portal (https://irma. nps.gov/App/Portal/Home).
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman, and Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.
Full textAbstract:
The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.