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Journal articles on the topic 'Four-point bend test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shetty, Santosh, and Tommi Reinikainen. "Three- and Four-Point Bend Testing for Electronic Packages." Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, no. 4 (2003): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1604158.

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This study demonstrates the application of three-point and four-point bending tests for evaluating the reliability of chip scale packages under curvature loads. A three-point bend test is conducted on 0.5-mm-pitch chip-scale packages (CSPs) mounted on FR4 (Flame Retardant) substrates. This test is simulated by using the finite element method and the results are calibrated experimentally to formulate a reliability model. A three-point bend scheme is an ideal choice for generating reliability models because multiple packages can be tested under multiple loads in a single test. This reliability m

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2

Cox, Linda C. "The four-point bend test as a tool for coating characterization." Surface and Coatings Technology 36, no. 3-4 (1988): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(88)90021-7.

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3

Pang, John H. L., and F. X. Che. "Isothermal Cyclic Bend Fatigue Test Method for Lead-Free Solder Joints." Journal of Electronic Packaging 129, no. 4 (2007): 496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2809442.

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Isothermal three-point and four-point cyclic bend fatigue test methods have been developed for Sn–Ag–Cu solder joints. Reported bend tests from the literature were conducted at room temperature (25°C) and there is lack of data for lead-free solder joints. In this study, very-thin quad flat no-lead (VQFN) assembly with Sn–Ag–Cu lead-free solder was tested under three-point and four-point cyclic bending loads at both room temperature (25°C) and high temperature (125°C). The correlation between three-point and four-point bend tests was developed. Two different board surface finishes of electroles

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4

Cotterell, B., Z. Chen, J. B. Han, and N. X. Tan. "The Strength of the Silicon Die in Flip-Chip Assemblies." Journal of Electronic Packaging 125, no. 1 (2003): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1535934.

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The mechanical reliability of silicon dies is affected by the defects introduced by surface grinding and edge dicing. The ring-on-ring and the four-point-bend test have been used in this study to separate the distribution in strength for these two types of defect. At low probabilities of failure, it is the “strength” of the edge defects that dominate the reliability. However, if the edges of the die are only lightly stressed compared with the surface, edge defects are unlikely to cause fracture. In this case the use of the four-point-bend test, which is sensitive to both edge and surface defec

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5

Unal, Ö., I. E. Anderson, J. L. Harringa, R. L. Terpstra, B. A. Cook, and J. C. Foley. "Application of an asymmetrical four point bend shear test to solder joints." Journal of Electronic Materials 30, no. 9 (2001): 1206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-001-0151-7.

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6

Muylaert, Toon, and Wim De Waele. "Design of a four-point bend test for ultra-low cycle fatigue of pipelines under inelastic bending." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 1 (2012): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i1.20558.

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This master thesis is situated in the research domain dealing with the ductile failure of pipelinesunder extreme loading conditions. It is part of an umbrella research aiming to develop innovativeexperimental and computational methodologies to simulate fracture of steel structural elements under ultralow cycle fatigue. The focus of this study is on steel pipeline applications. The objective of this thesis is todesign a large-scale four-point bend test setup to cyclically bend pipes. The feasibility of instrumentationwill be evaluated using small scale test specimens. In this paper some ideas,

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7

Le Coq, Cédric, Adellah Tougui, Marie-Pascale Stempin, and Laurent Barreau. "Experimental study of WL-CSP reliability subjected to a four-point bend-test." Microelectronics Reliability 50, no. 7 (2010): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2010.03.015.

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8

Huang, Zhenyu, Z. Suo, Guanghai Xu, Jun He, J. H. Prévost, and N. Sukumar. "Initiation and arrest of an interfacial crack in a four-point bend test." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72, no. 17 (2005): 2584–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.04.002.

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9

Prabhakaran, R., and Wayne Sawyer. "A photoelastic investigation of asymmetric four point bend shear test for composite materials." Composite Structures 5, no. 3 (1986): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(86)90004-8.

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10

Martin, R. H., and B. D. Davidson. "Mode II fracture toughness evaluation using four point bend, end notched flexure test." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 28, no. 8 (1999): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146580199101540565.

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11

Jadhav, Prakash, and Chhaya Lande. "Asymmetric Four Point Bend Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength in Ceramic Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 1094 (July 27, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-zn31vp.

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Asymmetrical Four Point Bend test method is proposed for measurement of interlaminar shear strength in continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composites. The current standard ASTM test method (ASTM C1425) for interlaminar shear strength of composites uses a double edge notched compression (DNC) coupon. Large variation in measured strength is observed with the standard ASTM test method, possibly due to machining variability and damage at the notches. The proposed test AFPB method for ILSS is adapted from ASTM C1469 Standard Test Method for Shear Strength of Joints of Advanced Ceramics. This test m

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12

Roham, Sassan, Kedar Hardikar, and Peter Woytowitz. "Crack penetration and deflection at a bimaterial interface in a four-point bend test." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (2004): 3019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0376.

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The four-point bend (4PB) test is an industry standard in assessment of adhesion in thin films. Obtaining crack propagation along the desired interface plays a cardinal role in the success of this test. Crack penetration and deflection at a bimaterial interface has been extensively studied in the past. Most general results are based on asymptotic analyses involving the interface between two semi-infinite media. The results of these analyses cannot be directly used in case of the 4PB test since the boundary conditions and finite size effects in actual test specimen geometry are not accounted fo

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13

Wolfenden, A., and T. Yokoyama. "A Microcomputer-Aided Four-Point Bend Test System for Determining Uniaxial Stress-Strain Curves." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 16, no. 2 (1988): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11162j.

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14

Ünal, Ö., and V. Dayal. "Interlaminar shear strength measurement of ceramic composites by asymmetric four point bend shear test." Materials Science and Engineering: A 340, no. 1-2 (2003): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00168-5.

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15

Rokach, Ihor V., and Paweł Łabędzki. "Determination of the Dynamic Stress Intensity Factor for the Four-Point Bend Impact Test." International Journal of Fracture 160, no. 1 (2009): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10704-009-9404-x.

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16

Laleh, B., and P. Myler. "A Test Method for Experimental Determination of Shear Moduli of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials." Advanced Composites Letters 3, no. 1 (1994): 096369359400300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359400300101.

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This paper describes a simple test method for determining the in-plane and transverse shear moduli of unidirectional carbon fibre reinforced composites. The method employs photoelastic coating techniques in conjunction with four point offset bend loading conditions.

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17

Holland, F. A., and E. V. Zaretsky. "Comparison of Weibull Strength Parameters from Flexure and Spin Tests of Brittle Materials." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 4 (1994): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919507.

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Fracture data from five series of four-point bend tests of beams and spin tests of flat annular disks were reanalyzed. Silicon nitride and graphite were the test materials. The experimental fracture strengths of the disks were compared with the predicted strengths based on both volume flaw and surface flaw analyses of four-point bend data. Surface flaw analyses resulted in good correlation with experimental results in those test series where all tested specimens were obtained from the same material batch. The Weibull slopes (moduli) and characteristic gage strengths for the disks and beams wer

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18

Subhani, T. "Mechanical Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Structures Using Three-Point Bend Test." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (2019): 3955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2597.

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In this study, honeycomb sandwich structures were prepared and tested. Facesheets of sandwich structures were manufactured by carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites while Nomex® honeycomb was used as core material. An epoxy-based adhesive film was used to bond the composite facesheets with honeycomb core. Four different curing temperatures ranging from 100oC to 130oC were applied with curing times of 2h and 3h. Three-point bend test was performed to investigate the mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures and thus optimize the curing parameters. It was revealed that the combinatio

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19

Subhani, Tayyab. "Mechanical Performance of Honeycomb Sandwich Structures Using Three-Point Bend Test." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 2 (2019): 3955–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2647804.

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In this study, honeycomb sandwich structures were prepared and tested. Facesheets of sandwich structures were manufactured by carbon fiber epoxy matrix composites while Nomex® honeycomb was used as core material. An epoxy-based adhesive film was used to bond the composite facesheets with honeycomb core. Four different curing temperatures ranging from 100<sup>o</sup>C to 130<sup>o</sup>C were applied with curing times of 2h and 3h. Three-point bend test was performed to investigate the mechanical performance of honeycomb sandwich structures and thus optimize the curing parameters. It was re

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20

Hesketh, James, Gareth Hinds, and Alan Turnbull. "Sour Testing of 316L Stainless Steel: Comparison of Four-Point Bend and Uniaxial Tensile Test Methods." CORROSION 75, no. 7 (2019): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/3047.

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21

Katipelli, Lalitha R., Arvind Agarwal, and Narendra B. Dahotre. "Interfacial strength of laser surface engineered TiC coating on 6061 Al using four-point bend test." Materials Science and Engineering: A 289, no. 1-2 (2000): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)00920-5.

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22

Howard, S. J., A. J. Phillipps, and T. W. Clyn. "The interpretation of data from the four-point bend delamination test to measure interfacial fracture toughness." Composites 24, no. 2 (1993): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(93)90006-t.

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23

Shaviv, R., S. Roham, and P. Woytowitz. "Optimizing the precision of the four-point bend test for the measurement of thin film adhesion." Microelectronic Engineering 82, no. 2 (2005): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2005.06.006.

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24

Zhang, Ming, H. M. Hobgood, J. L. Demenet, and P. Pirouz. "Transition from brittle fracture to ductile behavior in 4H–SiC." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 5 (2003): 1087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0150.

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The four-point bend test was used to measure the brittle-to-ductile transition (BDT) temperature in precracked samples of semi-insulating 4H—SiC at four different strain rates. As in other semiconductors, the BDT temperature TBDT was found to be very sharp, within ±15 °C, and to shift to higher temperatures with increasing rates of the applied load (or strain rate). The results appear to be consistent with a transition temperature Tc recently observed in the yield stress of the same material as measured by compression experiments. However, strain-rate measurements in four-point bend tests are

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25

Pulipati, Daniel P., and David A. Jack. "Characterization and Model Validation for Large Format Chopped Fiber, Foamed, Composite Structures Made from Recycled Olefin Based Polymers." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061371.

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The purpose of this research is to predict the material performance of large format foamed core composite structures, such as crossties or structural timbers, using only constitutive properties. These structures are fabricated from recycled post-consumer/post-industrial waste composed of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Glass Filled Polypropylene (GFPP). A technical challenge in predicting the final part performance is the mathematical correlation between the microstructural variations and the macroscopic responses as a function of fiber aspect ratio, cell density, and constitutive propert

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26

Hegedűsová, Lucia, Ladislav Ceniga, and Ján Dusza. "Bending and Contact Strength of Monolithic Ceramic Materials." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 21, no. 2 (2011): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789511406319.

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The article deals with the determination of strength of monolithic ceramic materials by mechanical tests, in bending and contact modes, simulated by a four-point bending test and single-cycle contact test using rollers or spheres, respectively. In general, the determination of strength of ceramic materials results from statistical methods, usually represented by the Weibull analysis comprising of the determination of the characteristic strength σ0 and the Weibull modulus m. Accordingly, the characteristic strength σ0,bend and σ0,cont as well as the Weibull moduli mbend and mcont, related to th

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27

Avalon, Stephanie C., and Steven L. Donaldson. "Strength of composite angle brackets with multiple geometries and nanofiber-enhanced resins." Journal of Composite Materials 45, no. 9 (2010): 1017–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998310381538.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in strength and failure mode of composite angle brackets due to changes in both the angle bend radius and laminate thickness, as well as the addition of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber to the epoxy resin matrix. The brackets explored within this study each contained a 90° bend and was subjected to four-point bend loading. Such angle brackets exhibit weakness around the radius due to the excessive through-the-thickness tensile stresses which can lead to delamination. Composite brackets of 8- and 16-plies were examined, with bend radii of 3.17

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28

Zou, Linhua, Yong Huang, and Chang-an Wang. "The characterization and measurement of interfacial toughness for Si3N4/BN composites by the four-point bend test." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24, no. 9 (2004): 2861–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2003.08.006.

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29

Baxter, M. G., Rhys Pullin, Karen M. Holford, and S. L. Evans. "Detection of Fatigue Crack Growth in Aircraft Landing Gear, 4 Point Bend Test Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 293-294 (September 2005): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.293-294.193.

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This investigation considers the identification of fatigue crack growth in aerospace grade steel using Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques. Four specimens with small radius crack initiation sites were investigated under four-point bending (SENB4). A linear array of 4 resonant AE sensors was utilised to locate the crack growth. Detection and location of fatigue crack growth in aerospace grade steel SENB4 specimens using appropriate AE techniques was successful. Time of arrival (TOA) linear location has provided an invaluable tool for separating AE signals arising from fatigue crack growth from th

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30

Melendez, Ruben Cuamatzi, Melchor Salazar Martinez, Sergio Dionicio Bravo, and Adán Ruiz Mendoza. "Cleavage Micromechanisms Study in a Ship Plate Steel through Four-Point Double-Notch Bend and Charpy Tests." Key Engineering Materials 944 (April 10, 2023): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-mp2t05.

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In this work instrumented impact Charpy tests were performed to analyze the ductile-brittle transition of Grade A ship plate steels, which are composed of ferrite matrix with pearlite bands in the rolling direction (RD) and pearlite lands in the transverse direction (TD). Observations on fracture surfaces of Charpy specimens showed regions of cleavage from room to down temperatures, therefore blunt four-point double–notch bend specimens (4PBT), were also tested at 25°C, 0°C, –60°C and –196°C in RD and TD, to study cleavage nucleation and propagation mechanisms. In the RD the following four dif

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31

Weiss, M., M. E. Dingle, B. F. Rolfe, and P. D. Hodgson. "The Influence of Temperature on the Forming Behavior of Metal/Polymer Laminates in Sheet Metal Forming." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 4 (2007): 530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2772329.

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The influence of temperature on the forming behavior of an aluminum/polypropylene/aluminum (APA) sandwich sheet was studied. Shear and tensile tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the laminate and the component materials as a function of process temperature. The forming limit diagram (FLD) of the laminate was established for two different temperatures, and its springback behavior was examined in four-point bend and channel bend tests. Cup forming tests were performed at various test temperatures to determine the limiting drawing ratio (LDR) and the tendency for wrinkl

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32

Xiang, Zhong Ke, Fei Fei Xiang, and Hua Zhong Wang. "An Agricultural Vehicle Frame Load Characteristic Agricultural Experimental Research." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.47.

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Assess the actual stress situation by electrical measuring test of prototypes in the Milford Proving Ground, Including four cylinder engine bend and torsion static test load 10 t, 17t ; Proving ground inland various pavement dynamic test, According to the static data analysis results, the stress mainly concentrated in the cab and carriages, there is also the location of the crack appears most, and each point in the dynamic test of dynamic load is large, dynamic stress is one of the largest in the washboard road test.

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33

Tsang, Kin Shun, John H. L. Pang, and Hsin Jen Hoh. "Influence of Weld Toe Radii on Fatigue Life Prediction." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 22025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816522025.

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A study was carried out to investigate the influence of the weld toe radii on the fatigue strength of butt welded joints loaded in bending and tension. Fatigue analysis starting from weld toe cracks in marine and offshore welded pipe specimens were conducted using cut-out four-point bend fatigue test specimens. Fatigue life can be enhanced by reducing the local stress concentration generated by weld toe radius effects. This study investigated the effect of different weld toe radii on the stress intensity factor at the region of the weld toe through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). FEA was used t

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34

Nelson, G. J., M. J. Matthewson, and B. Lin. "A novel four-point bend test for strength measurement of optical fibers and thin beams. I. Bending analysis." Journal of Lightwave Technology 14, no. 4 (1996): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.491393.

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35

Matthewson, M. J., and G. J. Nelson. "A novel four-point bend test for strength measurement of optical fibers and thin beams. II. Statistical analysis." Journal of Lightwave Technology 14, no. 4 (1996): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.491394.

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36

Reddy, Vishnu V. B., Ifeanyi C. Ume, Aaron Mebane, et al. "Evaluation of FCBGA Package Subjected to Four-Point Bend Reliability Test Using Fiber Array Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 9, no. 7 (2019): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2019.2911073.

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37

Kucuk, A., C. C. Berndt, U. Senturk, R. S. Lima, and C. R. C. Lima. "Influence of plasma spray parameters on mechanical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia coatings. I: Four point bend test." Materials Science and Engineering: A 284, no. 1-2 (2000): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)00799-1.

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38

Aslan, Züleyha, and Yeliz Alnak. "Characterization of interlaminar shear strength of laminated woven E-glass/epoxy composites by four point bend shear test." Polymer Composites 31, no. 2 (2009): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.20819.

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39

Schuecker, Clara, and Barry D. Davidson. "Evaluation of the accuracy of the four-point bend end-notched flexure test for mode II delamination toughness determination." Composites Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (2000): 2137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-3538(00)00113-5.

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40

Yan, X., and R. K. Agarwal. "Two Test Specimens for Determining the Interfacial Fracture Toughness in Flip-Chip Assemblies." Journal of Electronic Packaging 120, no. 2 (1998): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792607.

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Two test specimens are developed to measure interfacial fracture toughness in flip-chip assemblies. The specimens consist of three layers: silicon chip, underfill, and circuit board. Two symmetric edge cracks are embedded along the interface, either between the chip and the underfill or between the underfill and the circuit board. The specimens are subjected to four-point-bend loading and critical loads are obtained. Analytical solutions for energy release rate have been derived for these two specimens and used to obtain the toughness from the measured critical loads. These specimens have been

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41

Crump, Duncan A., and Janice M. Dulieu-Barton. "Investigating the Flexural Behaviour of Foams at High Strain Rate Using Optical Measurement Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.799.

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Polymer closed cell foam beam specimens manufactured from H100 Divinycell (Diab) are tested in four point bend at three loading speeds using a specially designed rig and an Instron VHS test machine. Synchronised high speed images are captured using white light and infra-red thermography (IRT) to obtain the mid-point full-field deflection and strains using digital image correlation (DIC) along with the temperature evolutions. There is a marked increase in the maximum load to failure with loading rate and the optical techniques provide an opportunity to analyse the strain and temperature evoluti

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42

Sideridis, E., J. N. Ashton, and R. Kitching. "An Interlaminar Shear Test for Fibre-Reinforced Plastics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 207, no. 1 (1993): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_207_02.

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The measurement of the interlaminar shear strength of glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) laminates is proposed using an offset four-point bend test on a beam where two (P) of the four forces differ from the other two (Q) and the ratio λ = P/Q depends upon the relative positions along the beam. The paper describes the development of this test which appears simpler, more economic and more realistic in many aspects than other test methods. It is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that the span length (L), thickness (t) and the ratio λ are important test parameters in determining whether th

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43

Ridha, Muhammad, Tong-Earn Tay, Sven Werner, Paul Joern, and Vincent Beng Chye Tan. "Analysis of composite stiffener under successive impact and bending test." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 36, no. 17 (2017): 1225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684417704076.

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In this article, we present the analysis, modelling and experimental investigation of composite omega stiffeners from non-penetrating impact to bending-after-impact. We used advanced computational methods to determine the extent of damage due to impact and, without many simplifications to the damage, predict the residual bending-after-impact strength under four-point-bend tests. The predicted sizes and patterns of impact damage, and the subsequent predicted bending strengths are compared to experimental tests of omega stiffeners. This work shows that preserving the details and fidelity of dama

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44

Chen, Qi, and W. D. Griffiths. "The investigation of the floatation of double oxide film defect in liquid aluminium alloys by a four-point bend test." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 32, no. 4 (2019): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2019.1635348.

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45

Morshed, Muhammad M., Stephen M. Daniels, and M. S. J. Hashmi. "Finite Element Method for Predicting the Cohesive Strength of DLC Film on 316L Stainless Steel by Four Point Bend Test and Validation with Experimental Results." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 1823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.1823.

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The mechanical performance of DLC coatings on 316L stainless steel deposited by a saddle field fast atom beam source has been evaluated using the four point bend (FPB) test. Two different deposition parameters, pressure and current were varied when depositing the films. Load-displacement measurements were carried out during the bend test to determine the load corresponding to crack initiation. This load designated as the cohesive strength of the coating which is also called the cracking resistance of coating and provides a measure of the strength of the coating. The cohesive strength of the co

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46

Ijaz, Hassan, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Zain-ul-Abdein, Tarek Mabrouki, Saeed Rubaiee, and Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. "Finite Element Analysis of Bend Test of Sandwich Structures Using Strain Energy Based Homogenization Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8670207.

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The purpose of this article is to present a simplified methodology for analysis of sandwich structures using the homogenization method. This methodology is based upon the strain energy criterion. Normally, sandwich structures are composed of hexagonal core and face sheets and a complete and complex hexagonal core is modeled for finite element (FE) structural analysis. In the present work, the hexagonal core is replaced by a simple equivalent volume for FE analysis. The properties of an equivalent volume were calculated by taking a single representative cell for the entire core structure and th

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47

Agrawal, A., and A. M. Karlsson. "On the Reference Length and Mode Mixity for a Bimaterial Interface." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 129, no. 4 (2007): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2772340.

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We investigate properties that govern interfacial fracture within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics, including interfacial fracture toughness, mode mixity, and the associated reference length. The reference length describes the arbitrary location where the mode mixity is evaluated, ahead of the crack tip, in a bimaterial system. A method for establishing a reference length that is fixed for a given bimaterial system is proposed. This is referred to as the “characteristic reference length,” with the associated “characteristic mode mixity.” The proposed method is illustrated wit

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Gigante, Vito, Luca Bosi, Paola Parlanti, Mauro Gemmi, Laura Aliotta, and Andrea Lazzeri. "Analysis of the Damage Mechanism around the Crack Tip for Two Rubber-Toughened PLA-Based Blends." Polymers 13, no. 22 (2021): 4053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13224053.

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The toughening mechanisms of poly(lactic acid; PLA) blended with two different elastomers, namely poly (butylene adipate-co-terephtalate; PBAT) and polyolefin elastomers with grafted glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA), at 10 and 20 wt.%, were investigated. Tensile and Charpy impact tests showed a general improvement in the performance of the PLA. The morphology of the dispersed phases showed that PBAT is in the form of spheres while POE-g-GMA has a dual sphere/fibre morphology. To correlate the micromechanical deformation mechanism with the macroscopical mechanical behaviour, the analysis of th

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Bittner, Tomáš, Jindřich Čech, Petr Bouška, Miroslav Vokáč, and Šárka Nenadálová. "Impact of Increased Temperature on Cohesiveness of Textile Glass Reinforcement with UHPC Matrix." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.211.

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The contribution is focused on research results of thin elements with UHPC matrix reinforced by textile glass reinforcement. A set of three test samples with size of 1100 x 120 x 20 mm were produced in laboratories of the Klokner Institute. Using accompanying tests the material characteristics of the concrete matrix and the textile glass reinforcement were determined. This reinforcement is modified by a protective epoxy surface layer, co called coating. The reason of the coating is to prevent a formation and a development of corrosive processes on the reinforcement texture. The samples were te

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Cabrini, Marina, Sara Bocchi, Gianluca D’Urso, et al. "Effect of Load on the Corrosion Behavior of Friction Stir Welded AA 7075-T6 Aluminum Alloy." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112600.

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The paper focuses on the corrosion behavior of aluminum joints made by friction stir welding as a function of loading conditions. A four-points bend-beam test, constant loading test, and slow strain-rate test were carried out on AA 7075-T6 alloy in aerated NaCl 35g/L solution at room temperature monitoring the free corrosion potential. The penetration depth of the intergranular attack was deeper after the four-point bent-beam tests compared to all the other testing techniques. Preferential dissolution along the grain boundaries was found in the heat-affected zone and the attack follows the elo

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