Relevant bibliographies by topics / Four-stroke cycle engines

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Four-stroke cycle engines'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

1

Haddad, S. D. "Piston Motion and Thermal Loading Analyses of Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Cycle Engines for Locomotives." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 3 (July 1, 1989): 536–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240288.

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Two-stroke cycle and four-stroke cycle diesel engines are in use in rail traction, with the four-stroke cycle design dominating the field. Cycle simulations using computer programs have shown that the conventional two-stroke cycle is somewhat inferior to its four-stroke cycle counterpart in combustion efficiency and thermal loading. Research at Sulzer concluded that the conventional two-stroke cycle engine is not very suitable for locomotive application. A survey by Ricardos, based on an investigation of engines in current production for traction application, suggested that there are potentials in two-stroke cycle design. This paper presents a summary of the results of a research project concerned with comparison of two well-proven typical locomotive diesel engines, one with a two-stroke cycle and the other with a four-stroke cycle. Performance, mechanical loading, thermal loading, and vibration were chosen as parameters to be investigated to provide information on the status of the two cycles in relation to power range, fuel consumption, reliability, and durability, with a view to assisting the users of locomotive engines to make the correct choice.
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MITIANIEC, Władyslaw, and Konrad BUCZEK. "Modification of four-stroke engine for operation in two-stroke cycle for automotive application." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116860.

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The main disadvantages of two-stroke engines such a big fuel consumption and big emission of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide can be reduced by new proposal of design of two stroke engine based on four stroke engines. The paper describes the operation of high supercharged spark ignition overhead poppet valve two-stroke engine, which enables to achieve higher total efficiency and exhaust gas emission comparable to four-stroke engines. The work of such engines is possible by proper choice of valve timings, geometrical parameters of inlet and outlet ducts and charge pressure. The engine has to be equipped with direct fuel injection system enabling lower emission of pollutants. The work is based on theoretical considerations and engine parameters are determined on the simulation process by use GT-Power program and CFD program for different engine configurations. The initial results included in the paper show influence of valve timing on engine work parameters and predicted exhaust gas emission. The simulation results show that the nitrogen oxides are considerably reduced in comparison to four-stroke engines because of higher internal exhaust gas recirculation. The innovation of this proposal is applying of variable valve timing with turbocharging system in the two-stroke engine and obtaining a significant downsizing effect. The conclusions shows the possibilities of applying two-stroke poppet valve engine as a power unit for transportation means with higher total efficiency than traditional engines with possible change of engine operation in two modes: two- and four stroke cycles. The main disadvantages of two-stroke engines such a big fuel consumption and big emission of hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide can be reduced by new proposal of design of two stroke engine based on four stroke engines. The paper describes the operation of high supercharged spark ignition overhead poppet valve two-stroke engine, which enables to achieve higher total efficiency and exhaust gas emission comparable to four-stroke engines. The work of such engines is possible by proper choice of valve timings, geometrical parameters of inlet and outlet ducts and charge pressure. The engine has to be equipped with direct fuel injection system enabling lower emission of pollutants. The work is based on theoretical considerations and engine parameters are determined on the simulation process by use GT-Power program and CFD program for different engine configurations. The initial results included in the paper show influence of valve timing on engine work parameters and predicted exhaust gas emission. The simulation results show that the nitrogen oxides are considerably reduced in comparison to four-stroke engines because of higher internal exhaust gas recirculation. The innovation of this proposal is applying of variable valve timing with turbocharging system in the two-stroke engine and obtaining a significant downsizing effect. The conclusions shows the possibilities of applying two-stroke poppet valve engine as a power unit for transportation means with higher total efficiency than traditional engines with possible change of engine operation in two modes: two- and four stroke cycles.
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Shokrollahihassanbarough, Farzad, Ali Alqahtani, and Mirosław Wyszynski. "Thermodynamic simulation comparison of opposed two-stroke and conventional four-stroke engines." Combustion Engines 162, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-116867.

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Today’s technology leveraging allows OP2S (Opposed Piston 2-Stroke) engine to be considered as an alternative for the conventional four-stroke (4S) engines as mechanical drive in various applications, mainly in transportation. In general, OP2S engines are suited to compete with conventional 4-stroke engines where power-to-weight ratio, power-to-bulk volume ratio and fuel efficiency are requirements. This paper does present a brief advent, as well as the renaissance of OP2S engines and the novel technologies which have been used in the new approach. Also precise thermodynamic benefits have been considered, to demonstrate the fundamental efficiency advantage of OP2S engines. Hence, simulations of two different engine configurations have been taken into consideration: a one-cylinder opposed piston engine and two-cylinder conventional piston four-stroke engine. In pursuance of fulfilling this goal, the engines have been simulated in AVL Boost™ platform which is one of the most accurate Virtual Engine Tools, to predict engine performance such as combustion optimization, emission and fuel consumption. To minimize the potential differences of friction losses, the bore and stroke per cylinder are taken as constant. The closed-cycle performance of the engine configurations is compared using a custom analysis tool that allows the sources of thermal efficiency differences to be identified and quantified. As a result, brake thermal efficiency, power and torque of OP2S engine have been improved compared to conventional engines while emission concern has been alleviated.
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Kenny, R. G. "Developments in Two-Stroke Cycle Engine Exhaust Emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 2 (April 1992): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_165_02.

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This paper is concerned with the exhaust emissions from two-stroke cycle spark ignition engines and the means being investigated to reduce them. The simple two-stroke engine has inherently low levels of NOx emissions and high levels of hydrocarbon emissions. The reasons for these emissions characteristics are explained by reference to the open literature. The two-stroke engine is used in a wide range of applications including low-cost, low-output mopeds and high-performance motorcycles. More recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the two-stroke as an alternative to the four-stroke engine for automotive use. A number of the recently reported approaches to emissions control are reviewed, including the use of exhaust oxidation catalysts in simple low-cost engines and direct fuel injection on more costly, multi-cylinder engines.
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Egorov, Aleksey, Natalya Lysyannikova, Yuri Kaizer, Vasiliy Tyukanov, Alexander Kuznetsov, Taalaibek Matkerimov, Helena Tsygankova, and Katharina Tretyakova. "Thermodynamic work in inline piston gasoline engines as a function of crank angle." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403021.

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The purpose of this research work is to identify the laws of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline internal combustion engines (ICE). The main results: dependence of the thermodynamic operation of the working body of ICE in theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline engines as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft; regularities of uneven generation of positive thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline one-, two-, three -, five-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; regularities of the alternating character of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of inline four-stroke one -, two -, three -, four - and five-cylinder gasoline piston ICE; regularities of positive thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline six-and eight-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; conditions for uniform pulsation of thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline piston gasoline ICE - the product of the crankshaft angle by the number of cylinders must be 720o (four-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 180o, six-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 120o, eight-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 90o).
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Weerasinghe, Rohitha, and Sandra Hounsham. "Small Engines as Bottoming Cycle Steam Expanders for Internal Combustion Engines." Journal of Combustion 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1742138.

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Heat recovery bottoming cycles for internal combustion engines have opened new avenues for research into small steam expanders (Stobart and Weerasinghe, 2006). Dependable data for small steam expanders will allow us to predict their suitability as bottoming cycle engines and the fuel economy achieved by using them as bottoming cycles. Present paper is based on results of experiments carried out on small scale Wankel and two-stroke reciprocating engines as air expanders and as steam expanders. A test facility developed at Sussex used for measurements is comprised of a torque, power and speed measurements, electronic actuation of valves, synchronized data acquisition of pressure, and temperatures of steam and inside of the engines for steam and internal combustion cycles. Results are presented for four engine modes, namely, reciprocating engine in uniflow steam expansion mode and air expansion mode and rotary Wankel engine in steam expansion mode and air expansion mode. The air tests will provide base data for friction and motoring effects whereas steam tests will tell how effective the engines will be in this mode. Results for power, torque, and p-V diagrams are compared to determine the change in performance from air expansion mode to steam expansion mode.
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Harbach, James A., and Vito Agosta. "Effects of Emulsified Fuel on Combustion in a Four-Stroke Diesel Engine." Journal of Ship Research 35, no. 04 (December 1, 1991): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1991.35.4.356.

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While the use of emulsified fuel in diesel engines has been an area of much research interest in recent years, the promising results reported in laboratories have not been easy to reproduce in commercial practice. Many of these studies have only measured external effects such as fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. A single-cylinder research engine was operated with water/diesel fuel oil and hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel oil emulsions of varying percentages. Crank angle, cylinder pressure and injector lift were recorded electronically over 50 engine cycles, permitting calculation of the mean and standard deviation of key combustion parameters. The results showed decreased fuel consumption and increased ignition delay, peak cylinder pressure and maximum cylinder pressure rise rate for emulsion operation. While the standard deviation data showed little change in cycle-to-cycle variation for wateremulsion operation, increases of over 200 percent were measured for operation at ethanol amounts over 20 percent.
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Kutlar, Osman Akin, and Fatih Malkaz. "Two-Stroke Wankel Type Rotary Engine: A New Approach for Higher Power Density." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214096.

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The Wankel engine is a rotary type of four-stroke cycle internal combustion engine. The higher specific power output is one of its strong advantages. In Wankel rotary engine, every eccentric shaft revolution corresponds to one four-stroke cycle, whereas conventional reciprocating engine fulfills four-stroke cycle in two crankshaft revolutions. This means the power stroke frequency is twice that of conventional engines. Theoretically, application of two-stroke cycle on Wankel geometry will duplicate the power stroke frequency. In this research, a single-zone thermodynamic model is developed for studying the performance characteristic of a two-stroke Wankel engine. Two different port timings were adapted from the literature. The results revealed that late opening and early closing port geometry (small opening area) with high supercharging pressure has higher performance at low speed range. However, as the rotor speed increases, the open period of the port area becomes insufficient for the gas exchange, which reduces power performance. Early opening and late closing port geometry (large opening area) with supercharging is more suitable in higher speed range. Port timing and area, charging pressure, and speed are the main factors that characterize output performance. These preliminary results show a potential for increasing power density by applying two-stroke cycle of the Wankel engine.
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Finneran, Joshua, Colin P. Garner, Michael Bassett, and Jonathan Hall. "A review of split-cycle engines." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 6 (July 19, 2018): 897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418789528.

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This article reviews split-cycle internal combustion engine designs. The review includes historical work, assessment of prototypes and discussion of the most recent designs. There has been an abundance of split-cycle engine designs proposed since the first in 1872. Despite this, very few prototypes exist, and no split-cycle engines are reported to be in series production. The few split-cycle prototypes that have been developed have faced practical challenges contributing to limited performance. These challenges include air flow restrictions into the expansion cylinder, late combustion, thermal management issues, and mechanical challenges with the crossover valve actuation mechanism. The main promoted advantage of split-cycle engines is the increased thermal efficiency compared to conventional internal combustion engines. However, an efficiency improvement has not thus far been demonstrated in published test data. The thermodynamic studies reviewed suggest that split-cycle engines should be more efficient than conventional four-stroke engines. Reasons why increased thermal efficiency is not realised in practice could be due to practical compromises, or due to inherent architectural split-cycle engine design limitations. It was found that the number of split-cycle engine patents has increased significantly over recent years, suggesting an increased commercial interest in the concept since the possibility of increased efficiency becomes more desirable and might outweigh the drawbacks of practical challenges.
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Amit, Mr. "Performance Study of Air Driven Engine Being Modified From Conventional Four Stroke Engine without Cam Modification." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.b2076.1210220.

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This research presents a novel mechanism to convert a conventional100-cc four stroke driven engine into a 2 stroke compressed air driven engine without doing any modifications in the cam shaft. This allows for a faster valve operation & also helping the existing engines to be converted into air driven engines with removal of intake and exhaust manifold and also provides a platform to curb the growing menace of air pollution by using the existing old engines to be used as air driven engine. Also, cycle of operation of the Air Engine has been representedon P-V diagram and theoretical efficiency has been calculated which is a function of pressure ratio and temperature, and comes out to be around 80 percent (@ Prr. Ratio of 10& Temp of 550K). Variation of rpm with percentage valve opening is seen at different pressure ratios and the maximum speed of the engine (after doing said modifications and running through compressed air)is observed to be 1573 rpm at a pressure of 9 bar with the developed mechanism for the existing 4 stroke maestro engine.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

1

Callahan, B. J. "Modelling and evaluation of two-stroke and four-stroke engines with in-cycle speed fluctuations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411036.

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Tam, Kuok San. "Design and analysis of an electro-hydro-mechanical variable valve actuator for four-stroke automobile engines." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2493685.

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Chen, Jun Qin, and 陳俊欽. "Cycle simulation and performance analysis of four stroke gasoline engines." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13073322976812952503.

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Liu, Chien-Heng, and 劉建亨. "The Numerical Simulation and Measurement of the Flow Field within Four-Stroke Cycle Engines and Air Cleaner." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04927960642556265635.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
機械工程系所
95
The flow characteristics inside four-stroke cycle motorcycle engines are investigated in the present study due to their significant influences on the engine performance and exhaust gas. In this study, we perform a theoretical study to simulate the flow field in four-stroke cycle engines. For a two-valve engine, the maximum difference between simulation and experiment is 7.56% based on the experimental results. As for a four-valve engine with equivalent lift strokes of intake valves, the maximum difference is 8.54%, while for the case of unequal lift strokes, the maximum difference is 8.26%. The air cleaner is playing the important role in the engine air intake system. It design fit and unfit quality not only affect the engine volumetric efficiency, then affects engine's dynamic output characteristic. The air cleaner has the key influence regarding the dust capture efficiency. In this study, we perform a theoretical study to simulate the flow field in the air cleaner. For the air cleaner without element, the maximum difference between simulation and experiment is 7.17% based on the experimental results. As for the air cleaner with element, the maximum difference is 8.54%. In this study hypothesis for the air cleaner with element is porous media calculates the element in numerical simulation. The four-stroke cycle engines and the air cleaner were designed using CAD software and their internal grid Patterns were constructed by the software GAMBIT. Next, the flow field inside the engines and the air cleaner were analyzed by the CFD software (i.e. Fluent) and a flow bench was used to measure the practical performance of the engines and the air cleaner. Both simulated and experimental results are compared together to evaluate the practicability and accuracy of the theoretical model. The results show that the simulated data always exceeds those of experimental measurements. Thus, the Fluid Dynamics Analysis Model established in this Paper could predict the relationship between flow rate and pressure outlet, providing a reference for the engineers with regard to the efficiency and performance of engines and the air cleaner.
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楊賀順. "In-Cylinder Flow Evolution of a Four-Valve, Four-Stroke Cycle Internal Combustion Engine." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02066578649765003626.

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林岱衛. "PIV diagnostic on in-cylinder flow of a four-stroke cycle engine." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71599369078771532305.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
92
Abstract The flow velocity fields in the axial and diametral planes of a four-valve, single-cylinder, four-stroke-cycle engine during the intake and compression strokes are measured by using a particle image velocimeter. Two sets of cylinder heads of various intake-port designs are used in this research. The first set includes three cylinder heads of different intake-port geometries which are intentionally designed for adjustment of the tumble motions in the cylinder. The second set of the geometry-varying cylinder heads are on-purposely designed for comparisons of the swirl motions. The engine cylinder, piston, and accessories are modified to meet the requirements of the laser-light sheet shooting and the camera viewing when the particle image velocimeter is applied. Conditional sampling technique is employed to acquire the instantaneous velocity data at predetermined crank angles. Ensemble average of one hundred instantaneous velocity maps obtained at various crank angles provide clear pictures of the evolution processes of the in-cylinder tumble and swirl motions. Strengths of the rotating motions in the axial and diametral planes are presented by dimensionless tumble and swirl ratios. The absolute and relative turbulence intensities are calculated based on the measured velocity data. The tumble ratio, swirl ratio, as well as the absolute and relative turbulence intensities vary with the crank angle. Integrations over the intake and compression strokes of the non-dimensional parameters show that the cycle-averaged quantities of the swirl and the tumble ratios do present some correlations with the engine performance. The correlations between the in-cylinder flow motions and the engine performance are analyzed and addressed.
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Lin, Jar-Wen, and 林嘉文. "Numerical and experimental studies for the intake and exhaust pipes of a four-stroke motor cycle engine." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20951990982627493769.

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碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程研究所
84
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the intake andxhaust pipe flows for a four-stroke single cylinder sparkgnition engine. From the numerical and experiment results.he following conclusions are obtained. THe k-εturbulentodel can be used to simulate the intake and exhaust pipelows. When the throttle valve is wide open,the pressure dropn the intake pipe is not significant, However when thehrottle valve is half open, the percentage of the pressurerop in the valve is about 60% of the total pressure drop.wing to the effects of piston moving and several expansionhamber, the reverse flow can be observed during the latereriod of exhaust process (i.e. waste gas flow from exhaustipe to cylinder ). This reverse flow will reduce the enginefficiency. When the expansion chamber is increased from oneo two, the pressure in the exhaust outlet decreases to 28% ofhe original valve, and the velocity decreases to 22%. Whenhe expansion chamber is increased from two to three, theressure in the exhaust outlet decreases to 35%, and theelocity decreases to 29%. Therefore, appropriate expansionhamber design in the exhaust pipe can decrease the pressurend velocity and hence reduce the noise pollution.
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Gonçalves, Pedro Alexandre de Castro. "Cycle assessment of performance, specific fuel consumption and pollutant emissions of a four-stroke spark ignition ethanol fuelled engine." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92531.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Energia para a Sustentabilidade apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
O objetivo desta tese de mestrado é melhorar a compreensão do funcionamento e operação dos Motores de Combustão Interna (MCI) pelo profissional do setor de energia. O resultado deste trabalho é um programa computacional capaz de simular a operação de um motor de combustão interna e prever a sua potência e consumo específico de combustível bem como a emissão de gases de efeito de estufa. O utilizador do programa apenas terá de introduzir especificações básicas sobre o MCI para obter resultados concretos e fiáveis em um curto intervalo de tempo. A tese começa por introduzir os MCI e explicar a sua relevância, tanto a nível global como a curto, médio e longo prazo. De seguida, o modo de operação dos MCI é sucintamente descrito e os seus parâmetros principais identificados. Um modelo matemático baseado nos princípios físicos e químicos que regem o funcionamento do MCI é então construído e resolvido através de um programa de computador. O detalhe e o rigor da metodologia envolvida tanto na modelação matemática como na construção e execução do programa de computador servem como validação dos mesmos. Por último um conjunto de resultados é apresentado, interpretado e discutido. . . . . . . . . .
The purpose of this master’s thesis is to improve the understanding of the function and operation of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) by the energy sector professional. The outcome of this work is a computer program capable of simulating ICE operation and predict its power output and specific fuel consumption as well as its Green House Gas emissions. The program user will only have to introduce basic ICE information to obtain concrete and reliable results in a narrow time span.The thesis starts by introducing ICE’s and explaining their relevance on a global scale as well as over short, medium and long term. Next ICE operation is succinctly described, and its main parameters identified. A mathematical model based on ICE physical and chemical working principles is constructed and solved through a computer program. The detail and thoroughness involved in the mathematical modelling, the programming and computation serve as model and computer program validation. Finally, a set of results from the program is presented, interpreted, and discussed. . . . .
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9

Huang, Chih Wei, and 黃志偉. "Diagnostic of In-Cylinder Tumble and Swirl Motions of a Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Subject to Modulation of Inlet Port." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61094028359373486278.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
91
A particle image velocimeter (PIV) was employed to study the dynamic flow patterns in the cylinders of on internal-combustion engine. The PIV system was developed and integrated in the laboratory. The PIV technologies were tuned in multiple phases in order to fit the applications. For instance, a test rig with very small vibration amplitudes, a seeding mechanism with large dispersion capability, a low electronic-noise image grabbling strategy, a high transparency/low light reflectivity engine cylinder, etc., were integrated in the system. The dynamic flow patterns during intake and compression strokes in the symmetry plane and the cross-section plane, which were vertical to the central axis of the cylinder, were measured. Two different types of mechanical mechanisms were employed to modulate the in-cylinder flame: the off-set inlet port and the inlet air deflection valve. Velocity vector fields and streamline patterns related to the characteristics of the cycle variations were presented. The ensemble-averaged streamline patterns clearly showed the dynamic behaviors of the flows under different arrangements of the inlet mechanisms. Quantitative analysis regarding the tumbles ratios and swirl ratios were conducted for the measured velocity data. The results showed that the application of PIV to the complicated dynamic flow field in a internal combustion engine was adequate. The premier factors affecting the in-cylinder tumble and swirl motions were discussed.
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10

Chen, Peir-Horng, and 陳培弘. "The computer simulation of the flow field in the inlet pipe and thermodynamic cycle for a four-stroke single-cylinder spark ignition engine." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62560404901402809337.

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Books on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

1

Design and simulation of four-stroke engines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1999.

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Model four-stroke engines: A complete guide to the history, design, development, and operation of model four-stroke-cycle engines, including an appendix with specifications, performance data, and installation drawings. Wilton, CT: Air Age, 1986.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive. Design and Performance of Two- and Four-Stroke Engines. SAE International, 1997.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition (1997 : Milwaukee, Wis.), eds. Design and performance of two- and four- stroke engines. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1997.

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P, Blair Gordon. Design and Simulation of Four Stroke Engines [R-186]. SAE International, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

1

Ricetti Bueno, Estela Mari, Miguel Luiz Bucalem, Christian Hideki Furukawa, Clayton Barcelos Zabeu, and Luis Miguel Valdes Lopez. "Thermo-elasto-plastic finite element modeling of an Otto four-stroke engine piston for consecutive load cycles." In Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003, 149–53. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044046-0.50039-7.

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RICETTIBUENO, E., M. BUCALEM, C. FURUKAWA, C. ZABEU, and L. VALDESLOPEZ. "Thermo-elasto-plastic finite element modeling of an Otto four-stroke engine piston for consecutive load cycles." In Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003, 149–53. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044046-0/50039-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

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Montgomery, David T., Joe Franklin, Kevin Rettmann, David Wagster, Claude von Plato, Steve Friedrich, Kevin Castile, et al. "FC-W®: An Oil Standard for Four-Stroke Cycle Outboard Engines." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-32-0025.

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Miyauchi, Atsuhiro, Masaaki Nakachi, and Kazuyuki Kobayashi. "Development of High Performance Combustion Chamber for Four-Stroke Cycle Small Utility Engines." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-3336.

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Parvate-Patil, G. B., H. Hong, and B. W. Gordon. "Effects of Late Intake Valve Closing on Four Stroke Gasoline Engines." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56859.

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The objective of this paper is to the study effects of Late Intake Valve Closing (LIVC), and how it affects the in-cylinder fluid flow for four stroke gasoline engines. Further investigation of LIVC has been performed with the help of an engine cycle simulation program (GT-Power). Study shows that LIVC is beneficial for reduction of pumping losses, which may reduce the break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of the engine. In this paper, a simulation of LIVC was achieved by retarding the timing of the solenoid actuated intake valve.
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Ogawa, Toshinori, and Yasuo Kawaguchi. "Performance Testing of 5cc Glow-Ignition Four-Stroke Engine." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32132.

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Although portable electric devices have become increasingly sophisticated and compact, the amount of energy required for their operation has increased and device performance may be restrained by the energy source in the near future. A small power source is also needed for mobile robots for home usage. Small, portable distributed power sources with higher energy density than the conventional battery are required. Since the energy density of hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel is quite high compared to the battery, combustion micro engines that use these fuels are promising for this purpose. In this research, we focused on the small glow-ignition engine developed for model airplanes. Since the glow engine does not require an auxiliary electric circuit for ignition, it is suitable for lightweight miniature engines. However, unlike the spark-ignition engine, there is no equipment that controls the ignition timing. In the glow-ignition system, heat is supplied by the following three methods for ignition of the air-fuel mixture: (1) Heat produced from the compression of the air-fuel mixture; (2) Heat remaining in the element from the last explosion; and (3) Heat produced by the catalytic action of an ignition element. In such an ignition system, the combustion state may differ between cycles. In order to clarify the combustion process, a miniature pressure sensor was built into the cylinder head, and pressure fluctuation was measured. Analysis was conducted to detect cycle-to-cycle variation. The base engine used was a commercial glow-ignition four-stroke engine with a swept volume of 4.89 cc. This is a high-speed engine with a maximum engine speed exceeding 14,000 rpm. Although the nominal output was 368 W, the value measured by this research was much lower. Fuel consumption was measured by placing a fuel tank on an electronic balance. The fuel used for the experiment consisted of mainly methanol, nitromethane, and lubricant. Weight ratio of these components and air/fuel ratio were changed independently, and the effect on the combustion pressure was evaluated.
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Jones, Bruce, Kirk Ready, Richard Bach, Dana Hansen, Eric Kaitala, Jamie Larson, Julio Morales, and Conway Reese. "A Comparative Analysis of Ethanol Versus Gasoline as a Fuel in Production Four-Stroke Cycle Automotive Engines." In Alternative Fuels Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/952749.

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6

Rittenour, Michael D., James C. Weber, and Scott A. Miers. "Assessing the Effect of E22 Fuel on Two-Stroke and Four-Stroke Snowmobile Performance and Emissions." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92185.

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A limited amount of information exists on the effect of higher ethanol content fuel (greater than 10 vol%) for recreational vehicle engines. The possibility exists for misfueling of these vehicles, as ethanol content may increase at gas stations in the near future. Engine management systems in the recreational vehicle market are typically not equipped with feedback controls to adapt to the increased ethanol content. To address this concern and generate preliminary data related directly to the recreational industry, a study was conducted to evaluate the impact of E22 fuel on steady-state emissions and performance of two production snowmobiles. To fully analyze the impact of higher ethanol blends, cold-start, durability, and material compatibility tests should be performed, in conjunction with emissions and performance tests. While these additional tests were not performed as part of this study, there is a test program that is assessing all these factors on E15 fuel, which will be released in fall 2012. E0 fuel was used to establish baseline performance and emissions data. A 2009 four-stroke snowmobile with a 998cc, liquid-cooled, four-cylinder, intake port-fuel injected engine and a 2009 two-stroke snowmobile with a 599cc, liquid-cooled, two-cylinder, electronically controlled, crankcase-fuel injected engine were used for this study. Neither vehicle had any feedback air-fuel controls or after-treatment devices in the exhaust system. Power, fuel consumption, relevant engine temperatures, as well as, regulated exhaust emissions were recorded using the EPA 5-mode certification test cycle. The data showed no major impact on power output for either the four-stroke or two-stroke snowmobile. Brake specific fuel consumption varied with E22 as compared to E0. A reduction in CO emissions for both vehicles was observed for the E22 fuel. Both vehicles were factory calibrated rich of stoichiometric and hence, the addition of ethanol to the fuel effectively leaned out the air/fuel ratio and thus reduced the CO emissions. HC emissions were reduced for both the four-stroke and two-stroke engines, though certain test points of the two-stroke engine produced HC emissions that exceeded the analyzer measurement range (idle). Leaner operation reduced HC formation. Exhaust gas temperatures were observed to increase from 20°C – 50°C with E22 fuel, due to enleanment.
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7

Shkolnik, Nikolay, and Alexander C. Shkolnik. "High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle Engine." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1221.

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A “High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle” (HEHC) thermodynamic cycle is explored. This four-stroke cycle borrows elements from Otto, Diesel, Atkinson, and Rankine cycles. Air is compressed into an isolated combustion chamber, allowing for true isochoric combustion, and extended duration for combustion to proceed until completion. Combustion products expand into a chamber with greater volume than intake. We provide details of a compact HEHC design implementation using rotary pistons and isolated rotating combustion chambers. Two Pistons simultaneously rotate and reciprocate and are held in position by two roller bearings. One Piston performs intake and compression, while the other performs exhaust and expansion. We predict a reduction of energy losses, moving part counts, weight and size over conventional engines.
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8

Bandyopadhyay, Deep. "Optimization of Skewed Injection for High Swirl, Two-Cycle, Diesel Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92120.

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Generally, two-stroke engines have inherent advantage of higher swirl, as compared to four-stroke engines. Higher swirl helps with better mixing and atomization for mechanical and low pressure, electronic, unit injectors. With the introduction of higher injection pressure, the advantage of swirl reduced to a point in which it started to have a negative impact. In this work, the goal was to optimize a high pressure, common rail injection system for heavy-duty, two-cycle, medium speed, diesel engine (710 cubic inches of displacement per cylinder) under high load. A proprietary multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code was used for the modeling work. Here, we optimized the new, skewed injection system, which takes advantage of swirl and further helps in atomization of spray. The spray in this study is introduced at a radial angle, which is aligned either along or against the swirl direction. The results showed significant improvement in combustion efficiency. Combustion efficiency is estimated as a decrease in fuel consumption and CO values. Emission parameters, such as nitrogen oxide and soot were also studied and showed significant reductions.
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Callahan, Brian J., Michael H. Wahl, and Kent Froelund. "Oil Consumption Measurements for a Modern Opposed-Piston Two-Stroke Diesel Engine." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60140.

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Opposed-piston two-stroke diesel engines have an inherent thermodynamic efficiency advantage and, by virtue of having double the firing frequency, allow for increased power density and lower NOX emissions while improving fuel efficiency, when compared to a four-stroke engine of equivalent power. However, opposed-piston two-stroke engines are piston-ported and, as such, are often erroneously dismissed for use in emissions compliant, on-highway vehicle applications over oil control concerns. The results presented in this paper show that oil control at levels acceptable for combustion and emissions control purposes is attainable with crankcase-lubricated, piston-ported opposed-piston diesel engines. Lubricant oil consumption was measured for the 13 test modes of the European Stationary Cycle using a real-time Da Vinci lubricant oil consumption measurement system. Repeatability of the measurement process was demonstrated. Oil consumption was measured during engine warm-up and shown to be reduced 30% compared to the fully warm condition. Furthermore, an increase of the oil control ring tension resulted in 16% lower oil consumption compared to the baseline. An optimization involving measurements with different cylinder kits resulted in a weighted average fuel-specific lubricant oil consumption of 0.18%. These data represent the first measured lubricant oil consumption maps for any contemporary two-stroke diesel engine ever reported.
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Rheaume, Jonathan, Wolfgang Hable, Robert Dibble, and Albert Pisano. "Solid State Electrochemical Sensor for Monitoring Lean Direct Injection Engines." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66444.

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This work presents a novel scheme for the use of an oxygen sensor operating in dynamic engine conditions. Our modeling and experimental work show that a solid state, single cell, amperometric oxygen sensor located inside the cylinder of a lean direct injection engine produces a signal that provides different information depending on the stroke. During the intake stroke, the sensor’s signal is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen, facilitating exhaust gas recirculation. During the compression stroke of a diesel engine prior to fuel injection, the sensor’s output indicates the cylinder pressure, which is useful for control and diagnostic purposes. The signal during the power stroke confirms combustion. During the exhaust stroke, the sensor’s signal indicates the oxygen quantity after combustion. Our model of engine and sensor operation simulates the changes in air properties including temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration over the entire four strokes of the diesel cycle; these parameters affect the diffusivity of oxygen and the signal output. The model describes a sensor signal limited by diffusion or electrolytic conductivity depending on electrode design parameters (dimensions, porosity, tortuosity, etc). Knowledge of the sensor temperature and the engine crank angle are required in order to evaluate the signal. Experimental results confirm the pressure dependence of the oxygen sensor’s output signal when using air as the analyte fluid.
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Reports on the topic "Four-stroke cycle engines"

1

Andoh, Hiroki, Nobuyuki Obara, Yasuhiro Ogasawara, and Joseph Timar. A Study of Clutch Performance of Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Oils for Motorcycles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0064.

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