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Journal articles on the topic 'Four Theories of the Press'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Carrell, Bob J. "Last rights: Revisiting four theories of the press." Public Relations Review 23, no. 1 (March 1997): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-8111(97)90014-x.

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2

Yin, Jiafei. "Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model for the Asian & the World Press." Journalism & Communication Monographs 10, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152263790801000101.

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3

Vaca-Baqueiro, Maira Teresa. "Political regimes and the media. Towards a reconsideration of the dichotomy between the authoritarian and liberal models." Foro Internacional 58, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/fi.v58i3.2462.

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Los lazos entre los regímenes políticos característicos y los sistemas de medios son innegables. Tal como consignaron antaño Siebert, Peterson y Schramm (Four theories of the press, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1956, p. 1), “la prensa siempre asume la forma y los matices de las estructuras sociales y políticas dentro de las cuales opera”. El mundo actual y la política son completamente distintos del Mundo bipolar que inspiró Four theories of the press. Y, aun así, los estudios sobre sistemas de medios se aferran todavía a las premisas más sobresalientes de esta obra. Mediante la discusión acerca de su influjo normativo de dilatada duración, este artículo busca arrojar luz sobre las frecuentes discrepancias entre las democracias y las formas distintivas y el funcionamiento de los medios. Al mismo tiempo, en el trabajo se propone un marco analítico alternativo que albergue el estudio de las relaciones entre el Estado y los medios: el complejo político-mediático.
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4

Ostini, Jennifer, and Anthony Y. H. Ostini. "Beyond the Four Theories of the Press: A New Model of National Media Systems." Mass Communication and Society 5, no. 1 (February 2002): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0501_4.

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5

Hindman, Elizabeth Blanks. "First Amendment Theories and Press Responsibility: The Work of Zechariah Chafee, Thomas Emerson, Vincent Blasi and Edwin Baker." Journalism Quarterly 69, no. 1 (March 1992): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900106.

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Legal theorists have been interpreting First Amendment rights and protections for years, and most scholars interested in these theoretical presentations have been pleased with liberal interpretations because these interpretations allegedly offer expansive protections for freedom of the press. The work of the four major theorists examined here, however, offers something else as well: an underlying assumption of press responsibility, which could, if adopted by the court system, result in restrictions on freedom of the press. For the press, much is given in the First Amendment, but, apparently, much is also expected.
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Moberg, Ulla, and Göran Eriksson. "Managing ideological differences in joint political press conferences." Journal of Language and Politics 12, no. 3 (September 27, 2013): 315–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.12.3.01mob.

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This study focuses on Swedish political press conferences and explores the discursive efforts of politicians to express unity despite diverging ideological views. It concerns the use of the first person pronoun ‘we’ (Swedish. we) and is influenced by both dialogue theory and linguistic theories, which highlight the meaning of pronouns in context. The data consist of transcribed web broadcasts of press conferences with the leaders of the four political parties that form the Swedish Government since 2006. Our analysis reveals that a clear-cut use of the personal pronoun ‘we’ can serve the same political purposes as a more ambiguous use, i.e. to show unity while there are differences. The four party leaders are involved in a communicative project of ‘doing unity’ to demonstrate that they are a very capable government.
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Nasr, Hosny Mohammed. "Recent Trends in Journalism Research and Political Power in the Afro-Asian Countries." Journal of Arts and Social Sciences [JASS] 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jass.vol2iss1pp53-78.

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This study aims to analyze the new trends in research on the relationship between the press and political authorities in Africa and Asia. It derives its significance from the recent developments in both media and politics in these countries. The study shows that the main shifts in this area of research include:- Search for new theoretical approaches to explain the relation between the press and political authorities.- Disregard of the four theories of communication model which was putting the press systems in Africa and Asia in very narrow frames (Authoritarian and Communist).- Search for genuine African and Asian values of the press derived from actual experience.- Study of new topics such as independent press and the positive role of the press in supporting the national identity and social solidarity. In light of the objectives of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between press and the political authorities in the two continents has been affected by political, economic and technological changes.
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Brennen, Bonnie. "John C. Nerone, ed., Last Rights: Revisiting Four Theories of the Press. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995. 205 pp. Cloth, $29.95. Paper, $12.95." American Journalism 13, no. 2 (April 1996): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.1996.10731827.

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9

Langevin, Ron. "Four theories of rape in american society: A state level analysis, by Larry Baron and Murray A. Straus. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990." Aggressive Behavior 17, no. 6 (1991): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1991)17:6<351::aid-ab2480170606>3.0.co;2-s.

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10

El-Zastrouw, Ngatawi. "Menuju Sosiologi Nusantara: Analisa Sosiologis Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram dan Amanat Galunggung." ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for Study of Islamic History and Culture 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 89–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.47776/islamnusantara.v1i1.46.

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The discourse on indigenizing of social sciences has been popular among Indonesian scholars since 1970s. However, it has not shown any significant development, in spite of many writings of Nusantara scholars that can be bases of references to develop sociological theories of Nusantara, such as the manuscripts of Kawruh Jiwo Ki Ageng Suryomentaram and Amanat Galunggung. Making an effort to indigenize social sciences of Nusantara, the present study investigates both manuscripts. The results of the study argue that there are basic theories of sociology discussed in those two manuscripts. For example, the concepts of social integration (kabuyutan), division of labor, and historical consciousness, which are discussed in the manuscript of Amanat Galunggung. The sociological perspective of Amanat Galunggung is very similar to the structural-functional theory. While, the concepts found in Kawruh Jiwo Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, such as the concepts of four division of human being, feeling (rasa) and intention (karep), and reciprocal relations between human and society. Those theories are genuine and authentical; and if the theories are developed, they will result in a typical of Nusantara sociological theory. Keywords: Indigeneus, Kramadangsa, Rasa, Kabuyutan, Tri Tangtu REFERENCE Alatas, S.F., (2010), Diskusus Alternatif Dalam Ilmu Sosial Asia, Tanggapan Terhadap Eurocentrisme, Bandung, Mizan, Anthony Giddens (1997), Central Problem in Social Theoty, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of Callifornia Press. Ary, H. Gunawan (2000), Sosiologi: Suatu Analisis Sosiologi tentang Pelbagai Problem Pendidikan, Cet. I; Jakarta: Rinika Cipta. Astrid S. Susanto (1979) Pengantar Sosiologi dan Perubahan Sosial, Bandung, Binacipta. Allice S. Rossi (ed.), 1985, Sosiology and Antropoly in the People’s Republic of China, National Academy Press, Washington DC.; Bacthiar Wardi (2010). Sosiologi Klasik Dari Comte hingga Parsons. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Bento, Ted dan Ian Craib (2009). Filsafat Ilmu Sosial Pendasaran Filosofis Bagi Pemikiran Sosial. Yogyakarta: Ledalero. Budiman, Arif (1991), Negara dan Pembangunan; Study tentang Indonesia dan Korea Selatan, Jakarta Yayasan Padi Kapas. Chambliss, Rollin (1954), Social Thought, New York, Dryden Press; Danasasmita, S. (1987). Sewaka Darma, Sanghyang Siksakandang Amanat Galunggung. Bandung: BP3 Kebudayaan Sunda Depdikbud; Drapper, Hal, (1978) “Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution The Politics of Social Classes,” Vol. II, Monthly Review Press, Faruk.(2010), Pengantar Sosiologi Sastra, dari Strukturalisme Genetik sampai Post Strukturalisme.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Heri Santoso, (1997), Dimensi Epistemoligis Dalam Indegenisasi Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial di Indonesia, Jurnal Edisi Khusus; hal. 188 dikutip dari https://media.neliti.com/media/ publications/228423-dimensi-epistemologis-dalam-indeginisasi-022d80a4.pdf, diakses pada 5 Agustus 2020. Jacson, Karl D. and Lucian Pye (ed.), Political Power and Communication in Indonesia, Berkeley and Los Angles, University of California Press. Jatman, Darmanto, (2000). Psikologi Jawa, Yogyakarta, Bentang Budaya; ----------------------, (2008), Ilmu Jiawa Kaum Pribumi (Indigeneus Psycology, Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar Psikologi Undip Johnson, Doyle Paul (1986), Teori Sosiologi Klasik dan Modern, jilid 1 dan 2 (terj. Robert M.Z. Lawang), Jakarta, Gramedia Noorduyn dan A. Teew, Tiga Pesona Sunda Kuno, terj. Hawe Setiawan, Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, Jones, (2003) Pengantar Teori-Teori Social: Dari Teori Fungsionalisme Hingga Post-Modernisme, (trj.Saifuddin), Jakarta: Pustaka Obor Ki Fudyartanto, (2002), Psikologi Kepribadian Timur, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar; Kuntowijoyo, (1990) Paradigma Islam; Interpretasi Untuk Aksi, Bandung, Mizan; ---------------, , (2001), Muslim tanpa Msjid, Bandung, Mizan; Lubis, N. H. (2013). Sejarah Kerajaan Sunda.Bandung: Yayasan MSI; Mas’ud, Mochtar (1994), Politik Birokrasi dan Pembangunan, Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar Mills, C. Wright and Hans Gerth, (1956), From Max Weber; Essays in Sociology, New York, Oxford University Press; Nasiwan dan Yuyun Sri Wahyuni (2016), Seri Teoti-Teori Sosial Indonesia, Yogyakarta, UNY Press, Prihartanti, (2004) Kepribadian sehat menurut konsep Suryomentaram, Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press; Rangga Saptya Mohamad Permana, Makna Tri Tangtu di Buana Yang Mengandung Aspek Komunikasi Politik Dalam Framen Carita Prahyangan, Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Volume 3, No. 2, Desember 2015 Ratih Suryowiyono (2007), Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Sang Plato dari Jawa, Yogyakarta: Cemerlang Publishing, Schutz, Alfred dan Thomas Luchmann, (1973), the Structure of the Life-World, Evanston, III; Northwetern University Press, Soerjono Soekanto, (1985), Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar , Cet. V; Jakarta: CV Rajawali, Sri Teddy Rusdi (2014), Epistemologi Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, Tandhesan Kawruh Bab Kawruh Jakarta: Yayasan Kertagama; Suaedy, Ahmad (2018), Gusdur, Islam Nusantara dan Kewarganegaraan Bineka, Jakarta, Gramedia Pustaka Utama; Sugiarto, Ryan, (2015), Psikologi Raos; Saintifikasi Kawruh Jiwo Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, Yogyakarta, Pustaka Ifada Sumaryono, E. (1999). Hermeneutik: sebuah metode filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisisus Suryomentaram, Grangsang (1990), Kawruh Jiwa, jilid 1-4, Jakarta: CV. Haji Masagung, Suryalaga, H.R. Hidayat, (2010), Rawayan Jati Kasundaan, (Bandung, Yayasan Nurhdayah, Turner, Jonathan H. (1990), The Strucrure of Sosiological Theory, Belimont, California, Wadsworth Publishing Company Weber, Max (1947), The Theoty of Social and Economic Organzation, New York, Free Press and McMillan Publishing Company. Sumber Internet https://id.usembassy.gov/id/education-culture-id/program-fulbright-id/, diakses tanggal 17 Agustus 2020 https://id.usembassy.gov/id/amerika-serikat-berikan-satu-juta-dolar-dana-penelitian-untuk-enam-ilmuwan-indonesia/, diakses pada 5 Agustus 2020 https://id.usembassy.gov/id/amerika-serikat-dan-indonesia-resmikan-lima-pusat-kerjasama-penelitian-berkualitas-tinggi-di-indonesia/, diakses pada 5 Agustus 2020
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11

Chafetz, J. S. "Four Theories of Rape in American Society: A State-Level Analysis. By Larry Baron and Murray A. Straus. Yale University Press, 1989. 250 pp. Paper, $14.00." Social Forces 73, no. 4 (June 1, 1995): 1631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/73.4.1631.

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12

Szpunar, Piotr M. "Western journalism’s ‘Other’: The legacy of the Cold War in the comparative study of journalism." Journalism 13, no. 1 (June 14, 2011): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884911400845.

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In 1995, when discussing the critiques of the New York Times made by academics and pundits, Michael Schudson stated that the newspaper has never been anything ‘like the late, unlamented Pravda’. This comparison, utilized in a variety of ways over time, originated in the canonical Four Theories of the Press (Siebert et al., 1963[1956]). This juxtaposition, more broadly, uses the Cold War ‘Other’ to define what western journalism is, or should be, by what it is not. Building on the theoretical insights of Fredrik Barth and Edward Said, this article traces the construction of this ‘Other’ in the study of western journalism. Ultimately, the author argues that the use of this ‘Other’ in the construction of a coherent, meaningful definition of western journalism, and in the explication and justification of journalistic practice therein, constitutes a problematic guide in thinking about the development of journalism in nations that were historically part of this ‘Other’.
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13

Budd, Kate, Darren Kelsey, Frank Mueller, and Andrea Whittle. "Metaphor, morality and legitimacy: A critical discourse analysis of the media framing of the payday loan industry." Organization 26, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 802–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508418812569.

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This study examines the metaphors used in the British press to characterize the payday loan industry in order to develop our understanding of organizational delegitimation. Drawing on critical discourse analysis and theories of moral panic, we show how the metaphors used in the press framed the industry as a ‘moral problem’. The study identified four root metaphors that were used to undertake moral problematization: predators and parasites, orientation, warfare and pathology. We show how these metaphors played a key role in the construction of a moral panic through two framing functions: first by constructing images of the damage and danger caused by the firms and second by attributing agency in such a way that moral responsibility was assigned to the organizations. We also extend the discussion of our findings to explore the ideological dimensions of the moral panic. We develop a critical analysis that points to the potential scapegoating role of the discourse, which served as a convenient moral crusade for the government and other neo-liberal supporters to pursue, while detracting attention away from the underlying socio-economic context, including austerity policies, the decline in real wages and the deregulation of the finance sector. From this critical perspective, payday loan companies can be seen as a ‘folk devil’ through which society’s fears about finance capitalism are articulated, creating disproportionate exaggeration and alarm, while the system as a whole can remain intact.
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14

Palazzolo, Daniel J. "Putting Trust in the U.S. Budget: Federal Trust Funds and the Politics of Commitment. By Eric M. Patashnik. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 231p. $54.95 cloth, $19.95 paper." American Political Science Review 96, no. 1 (March 2002): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402344320.

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Nearly four decades ago, in a path-breaking book, Aaron Wildavsky taught us, among other things, that “in the most integral sense the budget lies at the heart of the political process” (The Politics of the Budgetary Process, 1964, p. 5). Building on Wildavsky's study, many scholars have contributed to our understanding of various aspects of budget policy and politics. Some have discussed the role of trust funds in the federal budget, but none have made them the central focus of their research. Eric Patashnick fills an important void in the literature by explaining why trust funds are created and how they affect deliberation over tax and spending decisions. Using the trust fund mechanism as a point of reference, Patashnik also tests theories of policy history, public choice, and institutionalism.
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Flemming, Edward. "Michael B. Broe and Janet B. Pierrehumbert (eds.) (2000). Papers in laboratory phonology V: acquisition and the lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xiii+400." Phonology 18, no. 3 (December 2001): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675701004171.

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Acquisition and the lexicon collects revised versions of nineteen primary papers and four commentaries presented at the 5th Conference on Laboratory Phonology, held at Northwestern University in July 1996. It is not possible to do justice to each paper in a collection this large and diverse, so individual papers will be discussed as they relate to three themes that emerge from the book as a whole: (i) the relationship between phonology and speech processing – this volume contains more papers on speech processing than its predecessors in the Laboratory Phonology series, which brings to the forefront questions about the relationship between phonological theory and theories of speech processing; (ii) the phonetics–phonology divide – a number of the phonology papers question the common assumption that phonetics and phonology are separate components of grammar; (iii) frequency effects – results are presented showing effects of the frequency of words and other phonological units in a striking variety of domains.
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POWELL, MARTIN. "Health inequalities: still making policy in a fog?" Health Economics, Policy and Law 1, no. 4 (October 2006): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133106004038.

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What Works in Tackling Health Inequalities? Pathways, Policies and Practice through the Lifecourse S. Asthana and J. Halliday Bristol: Policy, Press, 2006Health Action Zones: Partnerships for Health Equity M. Barnes, L. Bauld, M. Benzeval, K. Judge, M. Mackenzie, H. Sullivan Abingdon: Routledge, 2005Health Inequality: An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods M. Bartley Cambridge: Polity, 2004Status Syndrome: How your Social Standing Directly Affects your Health and Life Expectancy M. Marmot London: Bloomsbury, 2004These four texts on health inequalities are all very different books written by leading commentators with different academic backgrounds. This review will concentrate on the policy perspective that may be of most interest to many readers of this journal. It is also arguably the Achilles heel of the health inequalities literature. According to policy makers, much current research on health inequalities was of little use to policy making, and public health researchers have been criticized for political naivety, for lacking understanding of how policy is made, and for having unrealistic expectations (Petticrew et al., 2004: 815–816). Similarly, Klein (2003) points to the problems of ‘making policy in a fog’. The first two texts under review focus on policy and are written by policy analysts.
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Stal, Eva, Vanderlei José Sereia, and Ricardo Cesso da Silva. "ESTRATÉGIAS DE INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO DO SETOR AGROINDUSTRIAL BRASILEIRO DE CARNES: EXPORTAÇÃO OU INVESTIMENTO DIRETO NO EXTERIOR? DOI:10.7444/fsrj.v2i2.59." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2010): 132–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2010.v2i2.59.

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The article analyzes the internationalization strategies of the four largest Brazilian companies in the meat (beef, pork and poultry) agribusiness sector, by considering the comparative and competitive advantages of the country and the companies. JBS, Marfrig, Sadia and Perdigão were studied, of which the last two merged in May 2009, forming Brasil Foods. The authors looked into what led these companies to start investing abroad directly, as from 2005, as a complement to their exports, the preferred strategy for placing products in foreign markets. The research method used was the multiple case study, drawing on primary data (interviews, corporate annual reports, financial statements, press releases and shareholder information) and secondary data (theses, dissertations, academic articles, reports in newspapers and business journals), using bibliographic and documentary research. Everything was analyzed in the light of international business and strategy theories. The results show that exports still predominate and that investing directly abroad was, in principle, a reactive strategy to sanitary barriers against Brazilian products. However, the acquisition of companies in restriction-free countries has increased as part of a forward-looking strategy for gaining access to new markets and strengthening brands. Key-words: Agribusiness. Internationalization. Strategy.
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Arvastson, Gösta. "Anne Scott Sørensen, Ole Martin Høystad, Erling Bjurström and Halvard Vike: Nye kulturstudier - En innføring, Oslo: Spartacus Forlag AS/Scandinavian Academic Press, 2008." Culture Unbound 1, no. 1 (October 14, 2009): 249–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.09114.1.

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Nye kulturstudier [New Cultural Studies] is the first introduction to cultural studies in Scandinavia and an impressive presentation of the subject. The book aims to explain how cultural studies emerged as an interdisciplinary field in humanities and social sciences. Other introductions to cultural research in ethnology and anthropology have been produced – but this one is different, since it is more comprehensive and ambitious. Nye kulturstudier is the result of interdisciplinary collaboration between four colleagues from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Senior lecturer Anne Scott Sørensen and Professor Ole Martin Høystad are affiliated to the Institute for Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. Professor Erling Bjurström belongs to Tema Q at Linköping University, and Professor Halvard Vike works at the Institute for Social Anthropology at Oslo University. The authors comment that they are oriented towards different subjects and educational programmes at their respective universities. The book begins with a background to the theories and scientific traditions. This is followed by Cultural Analysis and Methodology, a chapter on Identity, Globalisation and Multiculturalism, one on Taste, Lifestyle and Consumption and, finally, by Nature, Body and Experience Landscapes.
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Lafree, G. "Four Theories of Rape in American Society: A State-Level Analysis. By Larry Baron and Murray A. Straus. Yale University Press, 1989. 250 pp. $25.00 and Theories of Rape: Inquiries into the Causes of Sexual Aggression. By Lee Ellis. Hemisphere Publishing, 1989. 185 pp. $27.50." Social Forces 69, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/69.1.326.

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20

Yuan, Shi-Min. "Inflammatory mediators of coronary artery ectasia." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 13, no. 3 (September 2014): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/jvb.2014.027.

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The exact mechanisms underlying coronary artery ectasia (CAE) remain uncertain. This study aims to investigate whether and how inflammatory mediators play a role in the pathogenesis of CAE. The data sources of this study were located by literature searches on MEDLINE, Highwire Press and Google search engine for the year range 2000-2013. The most sensitive of the four types of plasma inflammatory mediators were cell adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers followed by cytokines, while proteolytic substances were the least sensitive indicators of CAE. Hypersensitive C-reaction protein, homocysteine, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor and neopterin levels were significantly higher in CAE and coronary artery disease (CAD) patients than in controls without CAE. The percentage of granulocytes was higher in CAE, in comparison with individuals with normal coronary arteries. Polymerase chain reaction determination of angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes showed that the DD genotype was more prevalent in CAE patients than in CAD patients, while prevalence of the I allele was higher in CAD than in CAE patients. CAE is more a result of inflammatory processes than of extracellular matrix degradation, as demonstrated by investigations of plasma inflammatory mediators, activation markers and angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes. Contemporary theories are unable to explain CAE's predilection for the right coronary artery or the occurrence of multi-vessel and multi-segment involvement.
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Söderman, Sten, and Harald Dolles. "Unlocking advertising, activation and sponsorship in an emerging market." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 5, no. 5 (November 9, 2015): 472–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-09-2015-0030.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the advertising behavior seen as an activation strategy performed by Olympic sponsors in an emerging market context. It provides insights into the strategic goals related to sponsorship. Design/methodology/approach – The longitudinal approach taken opens the possibility to explore the dynamics of the strategies of Chinese as well as foreign firms in China. Theories on how sponsorship works cannot assist in explaining outcomes of sponsor-linked marketing, and since the actors involved rarely divulge their genuine intentions or their reciprocal contractual arrangements with the sponsored property, a new methodology has to be developed. A means-objective framework of sponsoring consists of six factors, which were applied to analyze 739 advertisements, articles and press releases collected from Chinese newspapers and Chinese official web pages covering a period of eight years (2001-2008) prior to the Olympic Games in Beijing. Based on a qualitative content analysis and nine means-objectives combinations in sponsorship patterns the authors discovered four dominant advertising strategies. Findings – Lead-time is a key concept when analyzing sponsor advertising strategies. The authors conclude from the longitudinal data that the time gap between signing the contract and the dates of the event influences the strategy of the sponsoring corporations. The authors also observe that the advertising content changes over time and the sponsors craft different “advertising strategies” in different periods. Within this context the authors categorized two different advertising strategies. The sponsors are assumed to conduct a “Short Advertising Strategy” different from the “Long Advertising Strategy.” Both are examples of activation strategies. Originality/value – Advertising strategies and activation seems to be dependent on the lead-time to the Olympic Games and the level of internationalization of the sponsoring firm.
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Wardani, Dharyanto Tito. "PERANAN SURAT KABAR SOERAPATI DALAM PERLAWANAN INTELEKTUAL PRIBUMI DI JAWA BARAT TAHUN 1923-1925." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v8i1.54.

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AbstrakPerlawanan intelektual pribumi yang dilakukan oleh organisasi berideologi komunis menggunakan beberapa media, diantaranya surat kabar Soerapati. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahapan kerja: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Konsep dan teori yang digunakan adalah konsep ruang publik Habermas dan teori konflik Dahrendorf. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa surat kabar Soerapati pertama terbit setelah kongres PKI dan SR di Sukabumi pada tahun 1923. Hal ini diawali dengan perpecahan SI saat kongres di Madiun yang menghasilkan disiplin partai. PKI dan SR menggunakan media surat kabar Soerapati untuk melakukan perlawanan terhadap pemerintah kolonial dan pemerintah lokal, selain itu surat kabar Soerapati menjadi media perdebatan ideologi di internal organisasi pergerakan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlawanan yang dilakukan oleh PKI dan SR berakhir dengan penangkapan dan pembuangan yang diberitakan di surat kabar Soerapati. Hal ini menjadi salah satu faktor surat kabar Soerapati harus disita dan dilarang terbit pada tahun 1925. AbstractThe Indigenous intellectual resistance carried out by communist ideology organizations using multiple media, including Soerapati newspapers. By used the historical method consists of four stages of work: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. Concepts and theories used is the public sphere concept of Habermas and conflict theory of Dahrendorf. The results concluded that newspapers first published after the congress Soerapati PKI and SR in Sukabumi in 1923. It was preceded by a split time SI congress in Madiun who produce a discipline party. PKI and SR Soerapati using the press to fight against the colonial and local governments, in addition to the Soerapati newspaper became the ideological debates media movement organizations internally. The conclusions is carried out by the resistance of the PKI and SR ended with the capture and disposal by newspapers Soerapati. This is one factor newspaper Soerapati be confiscated and banned in 1925.
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Foerstl, Kai, Jon F. Kirchoff, and Lydia Bals. "Reshoring and insourcing: drivers and future research directions." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 46, no. 5 (June 6, 2016): 492–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-02-2015-0045.

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Purpose – Reshoring and insourcing decisions have been discussed in the popular press, yet coverage of these topics in the academic literature is limited. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, it seeks to develop a more complete understanding of the underlying drivers of reshoring and insourcing decisions and their permutations. Second, it seeks to provide directions for future research to further analyze the link between drivers and outcomes of the reshoring and insourcing phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – This research follows a conceptual approach guided by transaction cost economics (TCE) and organizational buying behavior (OBB) theories. First, a theoretical framework of reshoring and insourcing decisions is developed. Next a comprehensive summary of reshoring and insourcing drivers is evaluated, yielding an in-depth discussion of future research directions (FRDs). Findings – The analysis demonstrates that the framework can be utilized to explain recent insourcing and reshoring changes of firms and to help dismantle the external and organizational challenges associated with reshoring and insourcing decision making. Research limitations/implications – Three FRDs are presented in the light of TCE and OBB. A fourth research direction highlights additional contextual factors outside the scope of these two theoretical lenses. These four research directions yield insightful implications for scholars and contribute to the emerging reshoring and insourcing literature. Practical implications – The full array of potential reshoring and insourcing permutations are structured to allow for an elaboration of their respective drivers. Moreover, enablers and obstacles in implementing the multitude of combined reshoring and insourcing decisions are highlighted and summarized as contextual variables. Originality/value – The concluding conceptual framework guides the evaluation of the reshoring and insourcing driver-outcome relationship across various value creation tasks and provides guidance to scholars and managers alike.
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ملكاوي, أسماء حسين. "عروض مختصرة." الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 18, no. 71 (January 1, 2013): 218–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v18i71.2593.

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العقل الفقهي، عباس يزداني، بيروت: مؤسسة الانتشار العربي، 2012م، 363 صفحة. الاستحسان ونماذج من تطبيقاته في الفقه الإسلامي، فاروق عبد الله كريم، بيروت: دار الكتب العلمية، 2012م، 480 صفحة. جامع في القواعد والضوابط والمقاصد الفقهية للنوازل والقضايا المعاصرة، محمد نعيم محمد هاني الساعي، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2011م، 860 صفحة. السلطة في الإسلام؛ العقل الفقهي السلفي بين النص والتاريخ، عبد الجواد ياسين، بيروت: دار التنوير للطباعة والنشر، 2012م، 352 صفحة. فقهاء مناضلون "مواقف تاريخية في العلم والسياسة"، محمد بن إبراهيم، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2012م، 272 صفحة. محتكمات الخلاف الفقهي من خلال القواعد والمقاصد الشرعية، محمد هندو، بيروت: دار البشائر الإسلامية، سلسلة الرسائل الجامعية، 2012م، 672 صفحة. إصلاح الفكر الفقهي "رؤية معاصرة"، أبو أمامة نوار بن الشلي، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2011م، 240 صفحة. الاجتهاد الجماعي وأهميته في مواجهة مشكلات العصر ودور المجامع الفقهية في تطبيقه، شعبان محمد إسماعيل، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2011م، 184 صفحة. العقل العملي في أصول الفقه: جذوره الكلامية والفلسفية، ميثاق العَسِر، بيروت: مركز الحضارة لتنمية الفكر الإسلامي، سلسلة الدراسات الحضارية، 2012م، 288 صفحة. القواعد الفقهية من خلال كتاب قواعد الأحكام في مصالح الأنام لسلطان العلماء العز بن عبد السلام السلمي، محمد الأنصاري، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، 2012م، 488 صفحة. The question of ijtihad, Ayesha W Butt, ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing (September 30, 2011), 80 pages. Understanding the Four Madhhabs: Facts About Ijtihad and Taqlid, Abdal Hakim Murad, Muslim Academic Trust; New Ed edition (February 28, 1999), 30 pages. Theories of Islamic Law: The Methodology of Ijtihad, Imran A. Nyazee, Kazi Pubns Inc (January 1995), 360 Pages. Contemporary Ijtihad: Limits and Controversies, L. Ali Khan, Hisham M. Ramadan, Edinburgh University Press (September 30, 2012), 256 pages. Sharia As Discourse (Cultural Diversity and Law),Gorgen S. Nielsen (Author), Lisbet Christoffersen (Editor), Jorgen S. Nielsen (Editor), Ashgate (March 1, 2010), 280 pages. للحصول على كامل المقالة مجانا يرجى النّقر على ملف ال PDF في اعلى يمين الصفحة.
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BENT, IAN D. "“That Bright New Light”: Schenker, Universal Edition, and the Origins of the Erläuterung Series, 1901–1910." Journal of the American Musicological Society 58, no. 1 (2005): 69–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2005.58.1.69.

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Abstract In 1912, Schenker began to reconceptualize four works already published, in press, or in preparation as a series parallel to his Neue musikalische Theorien und Phantasien, under the collective title Erläuterungsausgaben (elucidatory editions): his editions of C. P. E. Bach keyboard works with companion brochure, Ein Beitrag zur Ornamentik (1903; 2nd ed. 1908); J. S. Bach's Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue (1910); Beethoven's last five piano sonatas (1913–20); and his monograph on Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (1912). A close reading of the texts associated with the first two of these brings out the characteristics of Schenker's newly forged mode of musical discourse and helps us understand why Schenker prized it so highly. Inspection of Schenker's correspondence with J. G. Cotta and Universal Edition (also the latter's publication records and catalogues) and his diary makes possible a detailed history of the works concerned and of his unsuccessful attempt to establish the second series; it also reveals the central role he envisioned for himself in the future of Universal Edition and casts light on his complex interactions with Emil Hertzka, on relationships with his private patrons, and on his sense of exclusion from Viennese musical circles.
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VanDerHeide, Nancy. "One Case, Four Theories." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1159, no. 1 (April 2009): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04358.x.

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Morrow, John Andrew. "Reimagining Malcolm X." American Journal of Islam and Society 33, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v33i3.921.

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At 84-pages, Reimagining Malcolm X: Street Thinker Versus Homo Academicusby Seyed Javad Miri is more of a booklet than a book. In fact, like mostof the 40 books on sociology and religion published by this scholar, many ofwhich are self-published or released by subsidy publishers, it falls into thatawkward category between an essay that is too long and a book that is tooshort. Considering the fact that most university and independent academicpresses place profit and marketability before contribution to scholarship inthe field, the fact that ambitious and prolific academics seek to be proactiveand find alternate modes of sharing their scholarship should be commended.Consequently, scholars working in the field of sociology and religion shouldbe grateful to both Miri and the University Press of America for making thiswork on Malcolm X available to readers and researchers.Reimagining Malcolm X examines the significance of el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz as a social theorist by analyzing his views on race, academia, philosophy,and politics. The work is divided into four chapters: “Novel Strategiesof Interpretation,” “Undisciplinary Fields of Knowledge,” “Violence, Religion,and Extremism,” and “The Epic of America.”In chapter 1, Miri points out that “Malcolm X has not been appropriatedwithin the body of academic social sciences as he should have been” (p. 9).This is both obvious and intentional. It is heartening, however, to see thatinterest in Malcolm’s thoughts has extended to certain segments of Iranianacademia. As the author reveals, however, some Iranian scholars are reticentto see the value of Malcolmian theories and concepts (p. xi). Despite all ofits revolutionary rhetoric, the Islamic Republic of Iran has shown little interestin el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz. On the contrary, it has preferred to invitehis nemesis Louis Farrakhan, a man who admits that he created the conditionsthat lead to Malcolm’s assassination, to preach at the seminary in Qum.Considering that the Iranian regime considers itself the bastion of Shi‘iteorthodoxy and cracks down on both political critics and practitioners oftaṣawwuf (‘irfān or Sufism), it is ironic that its leaders have promoted a manwho believes that W. D. Fard was the incarnation of Allah and that ElijahMuhammad, as opposed to Muhammad ibn ‘Abd Allah, was Allah’s final ...
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Gomes Barbosa, Karina, and Rafiza Varão. "Error, Doubt and Gendered Journalism: A Look at the Rape Coverage in the Feature “A Rape On Campus”." Brazilian Journalism Research 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v14n1.2018.1049.

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This paper aims to problematize some foundations of Western journalism in the light of feminist contributions, reflecting about the rape coverage made by dominant press, with the feature “A rape on campus”, published in November 2014 by the American magazine Rolling Stone, as case study. We propose to think journalism from four ideas linked to feminist theories: perspective; women's experience; objective in favor of women; and situated subjects. Besides reflect about a journalism built on feminist foundations, we are going to analyze the ways in which this journalism dialogues, collides, contradicts and challenges the traditional and universal foundations of journalism, especially those related to ethics and production. Este artigo busca problematizar alguns fundamentos do jornalismo ocidental à luz das contribuições feministas, refletindo sobre a cobertura de estupro feita pela imprensa de referência, tendo a reportagem “A rape on campus”, publicada em novembro de 2014 pela revista norte-americana Rolling Stone, como estudo de caso. Nos propomos a pensar o jornalismo a partir de quatro proposições ligadas às teorias feministas: perspectiva; experiência das mulheres; objetivo em/a favor das mulheres; e sujeitos situados. Para além de pensar um jornalismo possível a partir de fundamentos feministas, nos dedicamos a cotejar de que maneiras essa potência de jornalismo dialoga, se choca, contradiz e interpela fundamentos tradicionais e universais do jornalismo, sobretudo aqueles relativos à ética e aos processos de apuração. Este artículo busca problematizar algunos fundamentos del periodismo occidental a la luz de las contribuciones feministas, pensando sobre la cobertura de violación hecha por la prensa de referencia, teniendo el reportaje “A rape on campus”, publicada en noviembre de 2014 por la revista norteamericana Rolling Stone, como estudio de caso. Nos proponemos pensar el periodismo a partir de cuatro proposiciones ligadas a las teorías feministas: perspectiva; experiencia de las mujeres; objetivo en favor de las mujeres; y sujetos situados. Además de pensar un periodismo posible a partir de fundamentos feministas, nos dedicamos a cotejar de qué maneras esa potencia de periodismo dialoga, choca, contradice e interpela fundamentos tradicionales y universales del periodismo, sobre todo aquellos relativos a la ética y los derechos procesos de escrutinio.
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NASIR, SAZZAD, and ANTTI J. NIEMI. "EFFECTIVE STRING THEORIES AND FIELD THEORIES IN FOUR DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 17, no. 22 (July 20, 2002): 1445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007867.

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We argue that in four dimensions bosonic strings can be bundled together in a manner which resembles the way how individual filaments become bundled together to form a cable. The energy of such a bundle of strings is described by its extrinsic geometry, and it involves both torsion and curvature contributions. This leads to ordinary four-dimensional field theories, that describe the bundles of strings in terms of closed knotted solitons. Examples of field theories that can be constructed in this manner include the Faddeev model and the Skyrme model.
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Rachlin, Howard. "Four teleological theories of addiction." Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 4, no. 4 (December 1997): 462–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03214335.

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Salazar, Mary Kathryn. "Comparison of Four Behavioral Theories." AAOHN Journal 39, no. 3 (March 1991): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999103900305.

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Hodges, Peter, Stan Ruecker, Celso Scaletsky, Jaime Rivera, Roberto Faller, and Amanda Geppert. "Four Criteria for Design Theories." She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 3, no. 1 (2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sheji.2017.02.003.

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Moss, Sarah. "Four-Dimensionalist Theories of Persistence." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 90, no. 4 (December 2012): 671–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2011.628325.

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MILEM, BRUCE. "FOUR THEORIES OF NEGATIVE THEOLOGY." Heythrop Journal 48, no. 2 (March 2007): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2007.00311.x.

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35

Keller, Simon. "FOUR THEORIES OF FILIAL DUTY." Philosophical Quarterly 56, no. 223 (April 2006): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2006.00441.x.

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Hands, S., A. Kocic, and J. B. Kogut. "Four-Fermi Theories in Fewer Than Four Dimensions." Annals of Physics 224, no. 1 (May 1993): 29–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/aphy.1993.1039.

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Rüdiger, Francisco Rüdiger. "The press theories of late liberalism." Brazilian Journalism Research 11, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v11n1.2015.818.

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38

Шмігер, Тарас. "Review Article. How Poetry is Translated…" East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.2.shm.

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James W. Underhill. Voice and Versification in Translating Poems. University of Ottawa Press, 2016. xiii, 333 p. After its very strong stance in the 19th century, the versification part of translation scholarship was gradually declining during the 20th century, substituted by the innovative searches for semasiology, culture and society in text. The studies of structural and cognitive approaches to writing, its postcolonial identity or gender-based essence uncovered a lot of issues of the informational essence of texts, but overshadowed the meaning of their formal structures. The book ‘Voice and Versification in Translating Poems’ welcomes us to the reconsideration of what formal structures in poetry can mean. James William Underhill, a native of Scotland and a graduate of Hull University, got Master’s and PhD degrees from Université de Paris VIII (1994 and 1999 respectively). He has translated from French, German and Czech into English, and now, he is full professor of poetics and translation at the English Department of Rouen University as well as the director of the Rouen Ethnolinguistics Project. His scholarly activities focused on the subject of metaphor, versification, cultural linguistics and translation. He also authored ‘Humboldt, Worldview, and Language’ (Edinburgh University Press, 2009), ‘Creating Worldviews: Ideology, Metaphor and Language’ (Edinburgh University Press, 2011), and ‘Ethnolinguistics and Cultural Concepts: Truth, Love, Hate and War’ (Cambridge University Press, 2012). the belief of the impossibility of translating poems, poems are translated and sometimes translated quite successfully. In contemporary literary criticism, one observes the contradiction that despiteJames W. Underhill investigates this fascinating observable fact by deploying the theory of voice. The first part of the book, ‘Versification’, is more theoretical as the researcher is to summarizes the existing views and introduce fundamental terms and guidelines. The book is strongly influenced by the French theoretician Henri Meschonnic, but other academic traditions of researching verse are also present. This part includes four chapters where the author discusses recent scholarship in the subject-matter (‘Form’), theories of verse structure (‘Comparative Versification’), rhythm and stress systems (‘Meter and Language’), and the issues of patterning and repetition (‘Beyond Metrics’). The author shapes the key principle of his views that ‘[v]oice represents the lyrical subject of the poem, the “I” that creates it, but that is also created in and by the poem’ (p. 44). This stipulation drives him to the analysis of five facets in poetry translation: 1) the voice of a language; 2) the voice of an era; 3) the voice of a literary movement or context of influence; 4) the voice of a poet; 5) the voice of the particular poem. Part 2, ‘Form and Meaning in Poetry Translation’, offers more theorizing on how we can (or should) translate form. The triple typology of main approaches – (translating form blindly; translating a poem with a poem; translating form meaningfully) – sounds like a truism. The generic approach might be more beneficial, as the variety of terms applied in poetry translation and applicable to the idea of the book – (poetic transfusion, adaptation, version, variant) – would widen and deepen the range of questions trying to disclose the magic of transformations while rendering poetry of a source author and culture to the target reader as an individual and a community. The experience of a reader (individual and cultural personality) could be a verifying criterion for translating strategies shaped the translator’s experience. In Part 3, ‘Case Studies’, the author explores the English translations of Charles Baudelaire’s poetry and the French and German translations of Emily Dickinson’s poems. All translations theoreticians and practitioners will agree with the researcher’s statement that “[t]ranslating that simplicity is inevitably arduous” (p. 187). Balancing between slavery-like formalist operations and free transcreations, translators experiment on strategies of how to reproduce the original author’s voice and versification successfully enough. The longing categorically pushes us to the necessity of understanding what is in language but communication, how a nation’s emotionality is built linguistically, and why a language applies certain meters for specific emotional articulation. ‘Glossary’ (p. 297-319), compiled on the basis of theoretical reflections in the main text on the book, is of significant practical value. This could really become a good sample to follow in any academic book. This book takes us closer to the questions ‘How can a form mean something?’ and ‘How can we verify this meaning?’, though further research merged in ethnolingual, ethnopoetic and ethnomusical studies still promises to be extremely rich.
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Kleinman, Arthur. "Four social theories for global health." Lancet 375, no. 9725 (May 2010): 1518–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60646-0.

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Hong, Seok-In, Hyeong Chan Kim, and Jae Kwan Kim. "Critical exponents in four-fermion theories." Physical Review D 49, no. 6 (March 15, 1994): 3063–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.3063.

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Collins, Rebecca L., and Phyllis L. Ellickson. "Integrating Four Theories of Adolescent Smoking." Substance Use & Misuse 39, no. 2 (January 2004): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ja-120028487.

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Baron, Larry, and Murray A. Straus. "Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis." Social Problems 34, no. 5 (December 1987): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1987.34.5.03a00060.

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Baron, Larry, and Murray A. Straus. "Four Theories of Rape: A Macrosociological Analysis." Social Problems 34, no. 5 (December 1987): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/800542.

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Faul, Bogdan V. "Four-dimensional theories of persistence through time." Philosophy Journal 13, no. 2 (2020): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2020-13-2-185-199.

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HAMADA, KUNIHIRO. "Dyeing Chemistry: Four Phases and Three Theories." Sen'i Gakkaishi 74, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): P—590—P—596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.74.p-590.

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Lawrence, Albion, Nikita Nekrasov, and Cumrun Vafa. "On conformal field theories in four dimensions." Nuclear Physics B 533, no. 1-3 (November 1998): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(98)00495-7.

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Gobet, Fernand. "Expert memory: a comparison of four theories." Cognition 66, no. 2 (May 1998): 115–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00020-1.

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Kato, Akishi. "Zonotopes and four-dimensional superconformal field theories." Journal of High Energy Physics 2007, no. 06 (June 12, 2007): 037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2007/06/037.

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McQueen, Kelvin J. "Four tails problems for dynamical collapse theories." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 49 (February 2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2014.12.001.

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Lurié, D., and G. B. Tupper. "Equivalence and compositeness: Beyond1Ncin four-fermion theories." Physical Review D 47, no. 8 (April 15, 1993): 3580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.3580.

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