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Journal articles on the topic 'Four-vectors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kiss, Emil, and Péter Kutas. "Cubes of integral vectors in dimension four." Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica 49, no. 4 (2012): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/sscmath.49.2012.4.1225.

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A system of m nonzero vectors in ℤn is called an m-icube if they are pairwise orthogonal and have the same length. The paper describes m-icubes in ℤ4 for 2 ≦ m ≦ 4 using Hurwitz integral quaternions, counts the number of them with given edge length, and proves that unlimited extension is possible in ℤ4.

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Munteanu, Marius. "Extensions of Hlawka's inequality for four vectors." Journal of Mathematical Inequalities, no. 3 (2019): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/jmi-2019-13-62.

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Li, Bin, Kaili Cheng, and Zhezhou Yu. "Histogram of Oriented Gradient Based Gist Feature for Building Recognition." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6749325.

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We proposed a new method of gist feature extraction for building recognition and named the feature extracted by this method as the histogram of oriented gradient based gist (HOG-gist). The proposed method individually computes the normalized histograms of multiorientation gradients for the same image with four different scales. The traditional approach uses the Gabor filters with four angles and four different scales to extract orientation gist feature vectors from an image. Our method, in contrast, uses the normalized histogram of oriented gradient as orientation gist feature vectors of the s

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Tsesses, Shai, Pascal Dreher, David Janoschka, et al. "Four-dimensional conserved topological charge vectors in plasmonic quasicrystals." Science 387, no. 6734 (2025): 644–48. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt2495.

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According to Noether’s theorem, symmetries in a physical system are intertwined with conserved quantities. These symmetries often determine the system topology, which is made ever more complex with increased dimensionality. Quasicrystals have neither translational nor global rotational symmetry, yet they intrinsically inhabit a higher-dimensional space in which symmetry resurfaces. Here, we discovered topological charge vectors in four dimensions (4D) that govern the real-space topology of 2D quasicrystals and reveal their inherent conservation laws. We demonstrate control over the topology in

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Munteanu, Marius. "Fundamental Hlawka-like inequalities for three and four vectors." Mathematical Inequalities & Applications, no. 3 (2020): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/mia-2020-23-77.

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Feng, Jingheng, and Bingo Wing-Kuen Ling. "Principal Component Analysis Based Quaternion-Valued Medians for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Estimation." Sensors 25, no. 12 (2025): 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123746.

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For four-channel photoplethysmograms (PPGs), this paper employs quaternion-valued medians as features for performing non-invasive blood glucose estimation. However, as the PPGs are contaminated by noise, the quaternion-valued medians are also contaminated by noise. To address this issue, principal component analysis (PCA) is employed for performing the denoising. In particular, the covariance matrix of the four-channel PPGs is computed and the eigen vectors of the covariance matrix are found. Then, the quaternion-valued medians of the four-channel PPGs are found and these quaternion-valued med

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Sirakov, Nikolay Metodiev, Tahsin Shahnewaz, and Arie Nakhmani. "Training Data Augmentation with Data Distilled by Principal Component Analysis." Electronics 13, no. 2 (2024): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020282.

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This work develops a new method for vector data augmentation. The proposed method applies principal component analysis (PCA), determines the eigenvectors of a set of training vectors for a machine learning (ML) method and uses them to generate the distilled vectors. The training and PCA-distilled vectors have the same dimension. The user chooses the number of vectors to be distilled and augmented to the set of training vectors. A statistical approach determines the lowest number of vectors to be distilled such that when augmented to the original vectors, the extended set trains an ML classifie

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Harvey, Nicholas J. A. "A generalization of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality involving four vectors." Journal of Mathematical Inequalities, no. 2 (2015): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/jmi-09-42.

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Horský, J., and N. V. Mitskievitch. "Killing vectors of vacuum space times and electromagnetic four potentials." Czechoslovak Journal of Physics 39, no. 9 (1989): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01597920.

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10

Becattini, F. "Thermodynamic Equilibrium in Relativity: Four-temperature, Killing Vectors and Lie Derivatives." Acta Physica Polonica B 47, no. 7 (2016): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.5506/aphyspolb.47.1819.

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11

Ochomo, Eric, Nabie M. Bayoh, Luna Kamau, et al. "Pyrethroid susceptibility of malaria vectors in four Districts of western Kenya." Parasites & Vectors 7, no. 1 (2014): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-310.

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Zhao, Jinling, Jinhao Qiu, Hongli Ji, and Ning Hu. "Four vectors of Lamb waves in composites: Semianalysis and numerical simulation." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 24, no. 16 (2013): 1985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x13488250.

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Dusfour, I., R. Carinci, P. Gaborit, J. Issaly, and R. Girod. "Evaluation of Four Methods for Collecting Malaria Vectors in French Guiana." Journal of Economic Entomology 103, no. 3 (2010): 973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ec09328.

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Hui, Zhenyang, Zhaochen Cai, Peng Xu, Yuanping Xia, and Penggen Cheng. "Tree Species Classification Using Optimized Features Derived from Light Detection and Ranging Point Clouds Based on Fractal Geometry and Quantitative Structure Model." Forests 14, no. 6 (2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14061265.

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Tree species classification is a ubiquitous task in the forest inventory field. Only directly measured feature vectors have been applied to most existing methods that use LiDAR technology for tree species classification. As a result, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory tree species classification performance. To solve this challenge, the authors of this paper developed two new kinds of feature vectors, including fractal geometry-based feature vectors and quantitative structural model (QSM)-based feature vectors. In terms of fractal geometry, both two fractal parameters were extracted as f

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Ahmad, Daud, Kiran Naz, Mariyam Ehsan Buttar, Pompei C. Darab, and Mohammed Sallah. "Extremal Solutions for Surface Energy Minimization: Bicubically Blended Coons Patches." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (2023): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061237.

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A Coons patch is characterized by a finite set of boundary curves, which are dependent on the choice of blending functions. For a bicubically blended Coons patch (BBCP), the Hermite cubic polynomials (interpolants) are used as blending functions. A BBCP comprises information about its four corner points, including the curvature represented by eight tangent vectors, as well as the twisting behavior determined by the four twist vectors at these corner points. The interior shape of the BBCP depends not only on the tangent vectors at the corner points but on the twist vectors as well. The alterati

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Gultepe, Eren, Mehran Kamkarhaghighi, and Masoud Makrehchi. "Document classification using convolutional neural networks with small window sizes and latent semantic analysis." Web Intelligence 18, no. 3 (2020): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/web-200445.

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A parsimonious convolutional neural network (CNN) for text document classification that replicates the ease of use and high classification performance of linear methods is presented. This new CNN architecture can leverage locally trained latent semantic analysis (LSA) word vectors. The architecture is based on parallel 1D convolutional layers with small window sizes, ranging from 1 to 5 words. To test the efficacy of the new CNN architecture, three balanced text datasets that are known to perform exceedingly well with linear classifiers were evaluated. Also, three additional imbalanced dataset

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Shan, Chao, Minggao Li, Zihao Chen, and Lei Han. "Region Matching of SAR Images Using Blocks for Target Recognition." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (September 29, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5410440.

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A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition method based on image blocking and matching is proposed. The test SAR image is first separated into four blocks, which are analyzed and matched separately. For each block, the monogenic signal is employed to describe its time-frequency distribution and local details with a feature vector. The sparse representation-based classification (SRC) is used to classify the four monogenic feature vectors and produce the reconstruction error vectors. Afterwards, a random weight matrix with a rich set of weight vectors is used to linearly fuse the featur

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Havlicek, Hans, and Karl Svozil. "Completing bases in four dimensions." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 55, no. 10 (2022): 105304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ac4919.

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19

Imai, Yusuke, Seungki Kim, Hiroyuki Hiraoka, and Hiroshi Kawaharada. "Edge-Based Quadrilateral Mesh Fitting Using Normal Vector Diffusion." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 6 (2015): 756–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0756.

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Nowadays, many manufacturers use computer-aided design (CAD) for processes such as computer numerical control (CNC) machining, simulations, and press working. They use CAD models for their simulations because the cost of performance simulations is lower than that of actual product testing. In this paper, we consider hexahedral meshes for finite element analysis because simulations using such meshes are more accurate than those using tetrahedral meshes. Our aim is to automatically generate hexahedral meshes with sharp features that precisely represent the corresponding features of the target sh

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20

Jun, Eun-Su, So-young Park, and Sangshin Kwak. "Model Predictive Current Control Method with Improved Performances for Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverters." Electronics 8, no. 6 (2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060625.

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In this paper, the model predictive current control (MPCC) method using two vectors has been proposed to control output currents of three-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) with small current errors and current ripples. Also, the proposed method can reduce switching losses by applying the vector pre-selection technique to the MPCC for the VSI. The VSI generates seven voltage vectors to control the output currents, but the proposed method uses four available voltage vectors with one switch, which are classified by the vector pre-selection method clamping one leg and conducting the largest ou

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21

Huang, Yao-Xiong. "Wave four-vectors for the electromagnetic waves in relatively moving dielectric media." Journal of Modern Optics 44, no. 3 (1997): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349708232926.

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22

Fakhiri, Julia, Marc Schneider, Shweta Kailasan, et al. "254. New Chimeric Gene Therapy Vectors Based on Four Different Mammalian Bocaviruses." Molecular Therapy 24 (May 2016): S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1525-0016(16)33063-5.

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23

Ungar, Abraham A. "A note on the Lorentz transformations linking initial and final four‐vectors." Journal of Mathematical Physics 33, no. 1 (1992): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529928.

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24

Li, Ming, Zong Wang, Jing Wang, Shuqian Shen, and Shao-ming Fei. "The norms of Bloch vectors and classification of four-qudits quantum states." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 125, no. 2 (2019): 20006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/125/20006.

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25

Nishiyama, Takahiro, and Takashi Seo. "The Multivariate Tukey-Kramer Multiple Comparison Procedure Among Four Correlated Mean Vectors." American Journal of Mathematical and Management Sciences 28, no. 1-2 (2008): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01966324.2008.10737720.

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26

Depenbrock, M., and V. Staudt. "Hyper space vectors: A new four-quantity extension of space-vector theory." European Transactions on Electrical Power 8, no. 4 (2007): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.4450080404.

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27

Hui, Z., Y. Xia, Y. Nie, et al. "FRACTAL DIMENSION BASED SUPERVISED LEARNING FOR WOOD AND LEAF CLASSIFICATION FROM TERRESTRIAL LIDAR POINT CLOUDS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2020 (August 3, 2020): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2020-95-2020.

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Abstract. Terrestrial Laser scanner has been widely used in the field of forestry. Wood-leaf separation is the fundamental step to most applications of forestry. This paper presented a robust supervised learning method for wood and leaf classification by developing four new feature vectors. Fractal dimension is first calculated to indicate the difference of regularity or roughness between wood and leaf. Zenith angle and variation are presented to distinguish trunks or branches from leaves. The adaptive axis direction of cylinder is adopted to calculate the local point density precisely. Experi

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28

Elonu PO, Chinedu. "Pest Management Methods Employed In The Control Of Insect Vectors In College Of Health Science And Technology Aba Abia State, Nigeria." Biomedical Studies and Clinical Evaluations 1, no. 2 (2024): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.64347/3064-7037/007.

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Insect are present all over the world and spend their whole life cycle on the host. Pests are undesirable organisms, such as insects, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, weeds, viruses, or vertebrate animals that harm humans or human interests. They can damage, devalue, or destroy agricultural crops, food stores, lawns, gardens, human structures, clothing, and furniture, as well as negatively affect terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The study ascertains pest management methods employed in the control of insect vectors in college of Health Science and Technology Aba Abia State, Nigeria. Four objectiv

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29

Russell, RC. "Report of a Field Study on Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectors of Dog Heartworm, Dirofilaria Immitis Leidy (Spirurida: Onchocercidae) Near Sydney, N.s.w., And the Implications for Veterinary and Public Health Concern." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 4 (1985): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850461.

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Transmission of dog heartworm has been increasing in many parts ofAustralia, but very little is known about the local mosquito vectors. For the first time in this country a range of natural vectors has been identified from a systematic field investigation in an area of known transmission. The study area centred on a dog pound which was surrounded by urban, semi-rural, and natural bushland conditions, supporting a diverse and abundant mosquito fauna. Mosquitoes were trapped for 3 months, over a summer, and scored for developing filariae. Of the eleven species collected seven were naturally infe

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30

Jackson, Shawn S., Petr Ilyinskii, Valérie Philippon, et al. "Role of Genes That Modulate Host Immune Responses in the Immunogenicity and Pathogenicity of Vaccinia Virus." Journal of Virology 79, no. 10 (2005): 6554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.10.6554-6559.2005.

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ABSTRACT Poxvirus vaccine vectors, although capable of eliciting potent immune responses, pose serious health risks in immunosuppressed individuals. We therefore constructed five novel recombinant vaccinia virus vectors which contained overlapping deletions of coding regions for the B5R, B8R, B12R, B13R, B14R, B16R, B18R, and B19R immunomodulatory gene products and assessed them for both immunogenicity and pathogenicity. All five of these novel vectors elicited both cellular and humoral immunity to the inserted HIV-BH10 env comparable to that induced by the parental Wyeth strain vaccinia virus

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31

Gupta, Shailesh Kumar, MohdArif Khan, and Omveer Singh. "Pulse Width Modulation Switching Schemes for Two-Level Five-Phase Voltage Source Inverter." European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 2 (2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230207.

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This paper proposes pulse width modulation schemes for a two-level five-phase voltage source inverter. According to the literature, the generation of a pure sinusoidal waveform requires an (n-1) number of vectors for 'n' number of phases, so in a five-phase system, a minimum of four-vectors is needed to generate a sinusoidal waveform. The author uses only two large vectors in this paper for a five-phase voltage source inverter. Vector diagram, switching table, and switching waveform have presented for two adjacent large space vectors. The performance for each PWM scheme is analyze based on fun

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32

FEDORUK, SERGEY, ANDRZEJ FRYDRYSZAK, JERZY LUKIERSKI, and CÈSAR MIQUEL-ESPANYA. "EXTENSION OF THE SHIRAFUJI MODEL FOR MASSIVE PARTICLES WITH SPIN." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 19n20 (2006): 4137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06031703.

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We extend the Shirafuji model for massless particles with primary space–time coordinates and composite four-momenta to a model for massive particles with spin and electric charge. The primary variables in the model are the space–time four-vector, four scalars describing spin and charge degrees of freedom as well as a pair of Weyl spinors. The geometric description proposed in this paper provides an intermediate step between the free purely twistorial model in two-twistor space in which both space–time and four-momenta vectors are composite, and the standard particle model, where both space–tim

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33

Crotty, Shane, Barbara L. Lohman, Fabien X. S. Lü, ShenBei Tang, Christopher J. Miller, and Raul Andino. "Mucosal Immunization of Cynomolgus Macaques with Two Serotypes of Live Poliovirus Vectors Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Antigens: Stimulation of Humoral, Mucosal, and Cellular Immunity." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (1999): 9485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9485-9495.1999.

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ABSTRACT Poliovirus live virus vectors are a candidate recombinant vaccine system. Previous studies using this system showed that a live poliovirus vector expressing a foreign antigen between the structural and nonstructural proteins generates both antibody and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in mice. Here we describe a novel in vitro method of cloning recombinant polioviruses involving a hybrid-PCR approach. We report the construction of recombinant vectors of two different serotypes of poliovirus-expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens and the intranasal and intravenous inoc

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34

MOALLEM, PAYMAN, ALIREZA MEMARMOGHADDAM, and MOHSEN ASHOURIAN. "ROBUST AND FAST TRACKING ALGORITHM IN VIDEO SEQUENCES BY ADAPTIVE WINDOW SIZING USING A NOVEL ANALYSIS ON SPATIOTEMPORAL GRADIENT POWERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 16, no. 02 (2007): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126607003617.

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Success of a tracking method depends largely on choosing the suitable window size as soon as the target size changes in image sequences. To achieve this goal, we propose a fast tracking algorithm based on adaptively adjusting tracking window. Firstly, tracking window is divided into four edge subwindows, and a background subwindow around it. Then, by calculating the spatiotemporal gradient power ratios of the target in each subwindow, four proper expansion vectors are associated with any tracking window sides such that the occupancy rate of the target in tracking window should be maintained wi

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35

Chan, Shuheng, Dan Shen, Yatong Sang, et al. "Development of enhancer-trapping and -detection vectors mediated by the Tol2 transposon in zebrafish." PeerJ 7 (April 30, 2019): e6862. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6862.

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Enhancers are key transcriptional drivers of gene expression. The identification of enhancers in the genome is central for understanding gene-expression programs. Although transposon-mediated enhancer trapping (ET) is a powerful approach to the identification of enhancers in zebrafish, its efficiency varies considerably. To improve the ET efficiency, we constructed Tol2-mediated ET vectors with a reporter gene (mCherry) expression box driven by four minimal promoters (Gata, Myc, Krt4 and Oct4), respectively. The ET efficiency and expression background were compared among the four promoters by

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36

Deng, C., and M. R. Capecchi. "Reexamination of gene targeting frequency as a function of the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target locus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 8 (1992): 3365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.8.3365-3371.1992.

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Mutations were targeted to the Hprt locus of mouse embryo-derived stem cells by using 22 different sequence replacement and sequence insertion vectors. The targeting frequency was examined at two sites within the Hprt locus as a function of the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target locus. The targeting frequency was also compared by using vectors prepared from isogenic and nonisogenic DNA sources. With one exception, all of the vectors showed the same exponential dependence of targeting efficiency on the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target lo

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37

Deng, C., and M. R. Capecchi. "Reexamination of gene targeting frequency as a function of the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target locus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 8 (1992): 3365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.8.3365.

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Mutations were targeted to the Hprt locus of mouse embryo-derived stem cells by using 22 different sequence replacement and sequence insertion vectors. The targeting frequency was examined at two sites within the Hprt locus as a function of the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target locus. The targeting frequency was also compared by using vectors prepared from isogenic and nonisogenic DNA sources. With one exception, all of the vectors showed the same exponential dependence of targeting efficiency on the extent of homology between the targeting vector and the target lo

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38

Catalano Ferraioli, D., and M. Marvan. "The equivalence problem for generic four-dimensional metrics with two commuting Killing vectors." Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata (1923 -) 199, no. 4 (2019): 1343–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10231-019-00924-y.

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Hanani, Abualsoud, and Rabee Naser. "Spoken Arabic dialect recognition using X-vectors." Natural Language Engineering 26, no. 6 (2020): 691–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324920000091.

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AbstractThis paper describes our automatic dialect identification system for recognizing four major Arabic dialects, as well as Modern Standard Arabic. We adapted the X-vector framework, which was originally developed for speaker recognition, to the task of Arabic dialect identification (ADI). The training and development ADI VarDial 2018 and VarDial 2017 were used to train and test all of our ADI systems. In addition to the introduced X-vectors, other systems use the traditional i-vectors, bottleneck features, phonetic features, words transcriptions, and GMM-tokens. X-vectors achieved good pe

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Vishnyakou, U. A., and Bahaa Shaya. "Optimization of the iot network protocol choozing for monitoring audio information." «System analysis and applied information science», no. 2 (October 4, 2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-4923-2023-2-32-37.

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The subject of research is the choice of a protocol in the Internet of Things (IoT) network for monitoring and analyzing audio information. The purpose of the article is to optimize the process of choosing a protocol for monitoring audio information based on IoT and evaluate the results. The authors have developed an IoT framework for monitoring and analyzing audio and voice information. The IoT network includes a sound sensor (microphone), a unit for analyzing the information received from it and a decision-making module. The description of protocols in the IoT network for assessing the sound

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Heister, Thomas, Irma Heid, Mathias Ackermann, and Cornel Fraefel. "Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1/Adeno-Associated Virus Hybrid Vectors Mediate Site-Specific Integration at the Adeno-Associated Virus Preintegration Site, AAVS1, on Human Chromosome 19." Journal of Virology 76, no. 14 (2002): 7163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.14.7163-7173.2002.

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ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based amplicon vectors have a large transgene capacity and can efficiently infect many different cell types. One disadvantage of HSV-1 vectors is their instability of transgene expression. By contrast, vectors based on adeno-associated virus (AAV) can either persist in an episomal form or integrate into the host cell genome, thereby supporting long-term gene expression. AAV expresses four rep genes, rep68, -78, -40, and -52. Of those, rep68 or rep78 are sufficient to mediate site-specific integration of the AAV DNA into the host cell genome. The maj

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Kidd, Sarah L., Elaine Fowler, Till Reinhardt, et al. "Demonstration of the utility of DOS-derived fragment libraries for rapid hit derivatisation in a multidirectional fashion." Chemical Science 11, no. 39 (2020): 10792–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc01232g.

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Fragment-based screening of a shape-diverse collection yielded four hits against three proteins. Up to 14 analogues of each hit were rapidly generated, enabling four fragment growth vectors to be explored using inexpensive materials and reliable synthetic transformations.

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Yang, Su, and Farzin Deravi. "Re-Engineered Word Embeddings for Improved Document-Level Sentiment Analysis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189287.

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In this paper, a novel re-engineering mechanism for the generation of word embeddings is proposed for document-level sentiment analysis. Current approaches to sentiment analysis often integrate feature engineering with classification, without optimizing the feature vectors explicitly. Engineering feature vectors to match the data between the training set and query sample as proposed in this paper could be a promising way for boosting the classification performance in machine learning applications. The proposed mechanism is designed to re-engineer the feature components from a set of embedding

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Hayami, Satoru. "Skyrmion Crystal Induced by Four-Spin Interactions in Itinerant Triangular Magnets." Magnetism 4, no. 3 (2024): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetism4030018.

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We investigate the emergence of magnetic skyrmion crystals with swirling topological spin textures in itinerant magnets with an emphasis on momentum-resolved multi-spin interactions. By performing the simulated annealing for the effective spin model with the two-spin and four-spin interactions on a two-dimensional triangular lattice, we show that various types of four-spin interactions become the microscopic origin of the magnetic skyrmion crystal with the skyrmion numbers of one and two. We find that the four-spin interactions between the different wave vectors lead to the skyrmion crystal wi

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NEUBERGER, HERBERT. "MINIMIZING STORAGE IN IMPLEMENTATIONS OF THE OVERLAP LATTICE-DIRAC OPERATOR." International Journal of Modern Physics C 10, no. 06 (1999): 1051–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918319900084x.

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The overlap lattice-Dirac operator contains the sign function ∊(H). Recent practical implementations replace ∊(H) by a ratio of polynomials, H Pn(H2)/Qn(H2), and require storage of 2n+2 large vectors. Here I show that one can use only four large vectors at the cost of executing the core conjugate algorithm twice. The slow-down might be less than by a factor of 2, depending on the architecture of the computer one uses.

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Lee, Chang June, and Jung Keun Lee. "Wearable IMMU-Based Relative Position Estimation between Body Segments via Time-Varying Segment-to-Joint Vectors." Sensors 22, no. 6 (2022): 2149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062149.

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In biomechanics, estimating the relative position between two body segments using inertial and magnetic measurement units (IMMUs) is important in that it enables the capture of human motion in unconstrained environments. The relative position can be estimated using the segment orientation and segment-to-joint center (S2J) vectors where the S2J vectors are predetermined as constants under the assumption of rigid body segments. However, human body segments are not rigid bodies because they are easily affected by soft tissue artifacts (STAs). Therefore, the use of the constant S2J vectors is one

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Sedda, Franciscu. "Islas. Un archipiélago semiótico." Atlántida Revista Canaria de Ciencias Sociales, no. 15 (2024): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.atlantid.2024.15.03.

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The essay explores the being-island through a cultural semiotic perspective. After accounting for the intimate tension between finiteness and infinitude, which constantly characterizes the island condition, through the analysis of various experiences and materials, the argument reveals the existence of four vectors of meaning, four fundamental relations: that between the island and the sea, between the island and the continent, of the island with other islands, of the island with itself. These vectors, on the one hand, help to grasp and clarify the historical and phenomenological richness of l

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Shanks, Robert M. Q., Nicky C. Caiazza, Shannon M. Hinsa, Christine M. Toutain, and George A. O'Toole. "Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Based Molecular Tool Kit for Manipulation of Genes from Gram-Negative Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 7 (2006): 5027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00682-06.

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ABSTRACT A tool kit of vectors was designed to manipulate and express genes from a wide range of gram-negative species by using in vivo recombination. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can use its native recombination proteins to combine several amplicons in a single transformation step with high efficiency. We show that this technology is particularly useful for vector design. Shuttle, suicide, and expression vectors useful in a diverse group of bacteria are described and utilized. This report describes the use of these vectors to mutate clpX and clpP of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aerugino

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Kiem, Hans-Peter, Scott Heyward, Aaron Winkler, et al. "Gene Transfer into Marrow Repopulating Cells: Comparison Between Amphotropic and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors in a Competitive Repopulation Assay in Baboons." Blood 90, no. 11 (1997): 4638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.11.4638.

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Abstract Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene transfer and have used this method to compare gene transfer rates for retroviral vectors having an envelope protein (pseudotype) from amphotropic murine retrovirus with similar vectors having an envelope protein derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). We hypothesized

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50

Kiem, Hans-Peter, Scott Heyward, Aaron Winkler, et al. "Gene Transfer into Marrow Repopulating Cells: Comparison Between Amphotropic and Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors in a Competitive Repopulation Assay in Baboons." Blood 90, no. 11 (1997): 4638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.11.4638.4638_4638_4645.

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Many diseases might be treated by gene therapy targeted to the hematopoietic system, but low rates of gene transfer achieved in humans and large animals have limited the application of this technique. We have developed a competitive hematopoietic repopulation assay in baboons to evaluate methods for improving gene transfer and have used this method to compare gene transfer rates for retroviral vectors having an envelope protein (pseudotype) from amphotropic murine retrovirus with similar vectors having an envelope protein derived from gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). We hypothesized that vect

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