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Academic literature on the topic 'Fourche de réplication'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fourche de réplication"
Coquel, F., M. J. Silva, H. Técher, K. Zadorozhny, S. Sharma, J. Nieminuszczy, C. Mettling, et al. "SAMHD1 agit sur les fourches de réplication bloquées pour empêcher l’induction d’interféron." Comptes Rendus. Biologies 343, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5802/crbiol.10.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Fourche de réplication"
Pagès, Vincent. "Quand la fourche de réplication rencontre une lésion in vivo : Analyse moléculaire et cinétique." Strasbourg 1, 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/PAGES_Vincent_2003.pdf.
Full textGenomes of all living organisms are constantly injured by exogenous and endogenous agents that modify the chemical integrity of DNA. During chromosomal replication, the replicative machinery of Escherichia coli in-avoidably encounters DNA lesions that have escaped the various excision repair pathways, blocking the progression of the replicative DNA polymerase and thus raising several key questions:-What happens to the polymerase blocked at the lesion?-What is the fate of a replication fork in which synthesis is blocked in one strand?In order to answer these questions, we set up an assay that allow to monitor in vivo, the kinetics of replication of both strands of a DNA molecule containing a single replication block. Hence, we managed to determine that bypass of a model DNA replication-blocking lesion formed by the binding of the chemical carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to guanine residues requires about 50 minutes. It was also found that this time depends upon the sequence context and the chemical nature of the lesion. Moreover, the fine analysis of the replication intermediate pattern in the vicinity of the lesion allowed us to "visualize" a partial inhibition of the proofreading activity of the replicative polymerase (PolIII), dependant upon SOS-induction. Analysis of the kinetics of replication of both damaged and undamaged strands of a plasmid, revealed transient uncoupling of leading- and lagging-strand DNA replication. Lagging strand synthesis proceeds beyond the block in the leading strand over a distance > 1 kb before the whole fork will probably block. These events are essential to generate "regressed forks", intermediate structures that allow the damaged strand to be rescued and a normal replication fork to be restored
Baharoglu, Zeynep. "Rôle de l’hélicase RuvAB lors du retournement de fourche de réplication chez la bactérie Escherichia coli." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066108.
Full textBreme, Camille. "Etude sur pince magnétique de la jonction de Holliday : les interactions de la jonction avec la protéine MutS ou la protéine RecG." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066411.
Full textLavatine, Laure. "Transposition simple brin de la séquence d'insertion bactérienne IS608 : étude du ciblage de la transposase TnpA sur les fourches de réplication arrêtées." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1933/.
Full textTransposable elements have a major role in plasticity and evolution of bacterial genomes. The bacterial insertion sequences of the IS200/IS605 family, largely represented in Eubacteria and Archaea, encode a Y1-type transposase and have an atypical transposition mechanism, involving only single-stranded DNA intermediates. Various cellular processes generate single-stranded DNA, such as replication or conjugative transfer. The team recently demonstrated a link between the transposition of IS608, a member of the IS200/IS605 family, and the host chromosome replication: transposition of IS608 is enhanced at stalled replication forks. Our study concerns the characterization of targeting stalled replication forks by the transposase TnpA of IS608. Our in vivo studies showed that TnpA is localized at the forks, stalled by a system operator / repressor located on chromosome. The method used for native complex purification (TAP-tag) did not allow us to identify any protein partner involved in this targeting. In vitro, TnpA is able to interact with various structured DNA substrates, mimicking the structures produced in vivo by restarting systems, such as fork, D-loop or Holliday junction. These data suggest a model in which TnpA would target fork restart sites before "sliding" towards its single-stranded substrates target and catalyzing IS608 integration
Goullet, de Rugy Théo. "Etude de l'effondrement rapide des fourches de réplication lors d'un stress réplicatif." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30238.
Full textReplicative stress is characterized by an accumulation of stalled replication forks and is known to be a major source of genetic instability in human cells. Replicative stress and genetic instability are early markers of tumorigenesis. It is known that stalled replication forks can degenerate into double strand breaks (DSB), a process called replication fork collapse. Indeed, after an extended replicative stress (24h) induced by hydroxyurea (HU), the endonuclease MUS81-EME1 can promote the collapse of replication forks. This endonuclease prevents accumulation of under replicated regions in G2 and mitotic segregation defects. Here, by monitoring DSB with sensitive neutral comet assay and QIBC (Quantitative Image-Based Cytometry) approaches, we found that replication forks can also collapse rapidly after replicative stress (as early as 2 hours after HU). We characterised this rapid replication fork collapse as a MUS81-independent mechanism. Moreover, by performing siRNA based knock down, we identified two nucleases, Artemis and XPF, involved in rapid replication fork collapse mechanism. Our results point toward a role of this rapid collapse mechanism in preventing mitotic intermediates and lesion transmission to daughter cells. Also, we identified the role of an alternative DNA polymerase Pol theta as a molecular factor involved in preventing this mechanism to induce cell death. Data mining of expression data from tumour samples allowed us to identify Pol theta verexpression as correlated with HR genes, underpinning a potential adaptation mechanism to prevent collapsed fork accumulation in cancer cells. Collectively, these data reveal that human cells have evolved a quick cleavage response to stalled forks that might be important for genome stability notably in cells undergoing replicative stress
Ait, Saada Anissia. "Mécanismes par lesquels la recombinaison homologue prévient les défauts mitotiques induits par le stress réplicatif." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS167/document.
Full textAt each cell cycle, cells undertaking the DNA replication process face several sources of replication stress (RS) compromising the progression of the replicating forks and threatening both chromosome duplication fidelity and their correct segregation during mitosis. Replication stresses emerged as a major source of genetic instability and cancer development. Several mechanisms, among which homologous recombination (HR), operate to buffer the deleterious effects of RS. HR acts as an escort to fork progression and prevents mitotic defects. Nonetheless, the molecular connection between replication stress and mitotic defects remains elusive. A conditional replication fork barrier (RFB) acting in a polar manner was developed in the lab to terminally-arrest fork progression. In this system, HR functions handling replication stress can be assessed independently of its well-known function in double strand break repair. The work described here aims to understanding the mechanism that HR performs to ensure genetic stability in response to replication stress. In general, blocked replication forks can be rescued either by fork convergence or by active HR-mediated fork restart. However, in absence of Rad51 recombinase or it loader Rad52, a single activated RFB is sufficient to induce mitotic abnormalities including anaphase bridges. The involvement of HR factors in fork protection was explored at the molecular and cellular levels. It turns out that terminally-arrested forks are extensively resected by the Exo1 nuclease in the absence of Rad51/Rad52. Interestingly, the excess of ssDNA accumulation at the fork triggers sister chromatid non-disjunction in mitosis despite the arrival of an uncorrupted converging fork to rescue replication. Thus, unprotected replication forks are prone to pathological termination threatening chromosome segregation. HR being involved in fork protection and restart, the use of a Rad51 mutant showed that these two functions are genetically separable. Indeed, protected forks unable to restart by HR do not show any pathological termination. Thus, beyond their ability to restart inactivated forks, HR factors ensure replication completion by maintaining the forks in a suitable conformation for a fusion with the converging fork. Overall, these results shed light on the molecular events engaged by RH to ensure genome stability in response to replication stress
Silva, Ana Carolina. "Ku coordonne la résection des fourches de réplication bloquées, et stimule le redémarrage des fourches par la recombinaison homologue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS135.
Full textOn a regular basis, cells encounter endogenous and exogenous replication stresses that jeopardize the progression of replication forks, thus threatening both the accuracy of chromosome duplication and their segregation during mitosis. Homologous recombination (HR) has a well-known role in repairing DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Other less acknowledged functions of HR are to protect and restart impeded forks. As it was previously reported by the team, restarting replication forks by HR requires the exposure of a single-stranded gap through fork resection, and not a DSB, to allow the recruitment of recombination factors.To study the effects of HR in blocked replication forks, a conditional fork barrier (RFB) was used to terminally-arrest replication at a specific locus. This construct allowed to determine that replication restart by HR is error-prone, leading to replication forks liable to slippage at micro-homology. A genetic reporter assay was placed in the vicinity of the RFB to allow the efficiency of replication restart and the step of resection to be quantified.In here, we explored factors involved in the formation of ssDNA gaps at halted replication forks. Similarly to DSB repair, resection in fork restart occurs in two steps. The initial resection is performed by MRN (Mre11/Rad50/NBS1) and Ctp1. This small degradation of approximately 110 bp of newly synthetized strands is sufficient to recruit HR factors and is required to promote the subsequent resection. The absence of either MRN or Ctp1 leads to defective replication restart by HR. The extensive resection (about 0.8-1Kb in size) is largely dependent on the nuclease Exo1, and it is not required for efficient fork restart.Interestingly, the non-homologous end-joining factor Ku was found to have a role in orchestrating initial and extensive resection and fine-tuning fork restart. Specifically, in the absence of Ku, ssDNA accumulates at the terminally-arrested replication forks, and fork restart dynamics is decreased, but not abolished. Overall, these results shed light on a delicate step of replication fork recovery by homologous recombination: resection
Kabalane, Hadi. "Caractérisation pangénomique et analyse comparative du programme de réplication de l'ADN dans 12 lignées cellulaires humaines." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN063.
Full textThe spatiotemporal program of DNA replication is regulated during development and altered during cancer progression. We propose an original characterization of the plasticity of the DNA replication program based on the profiling of 12 normal or cancerous human cell lines by the Ok-seq method of purification and sequencing of Okazaki fragments which allows to determine the orientation of the progression of replication forks (RFD) at high resolution (10 kilo bases). Comparative analysis of the RFD profiles shows that the replicative changes allow the classification of the cell lines according to their tissue of origin, the cancerous or non-cancerous nature of the cell line type intervening only in second order. There is no hotspot for the accumulation of replicative changes, they are widely dispersed throughout the genome. Nevertheless, the G+C rich and active gene regions, replicated early in the S phase, have the most stable replication program, they present a high density of efficient replication initiation zones (IZ) conserved between cell lines. In contrast, the late replicated, low gene density and low G+C content regions have few efficient IZs, often specific to a tissue or lineage. This leads us to quantify the degree of dissociation between IZ and activation of transcription. This work provides an original overview of replication program changes during normal or pathological differentiation, including a cell line specific control of IZ in late-replication gene deserts
Lestini, Roxane. "Action de l'hélicase UvrD lors du redémarrage des fourches de réplication chez la bactérie Escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077018.
Full textThis study aims at understanding the role of the UvrD helicase in the restart of arrested replication forks in Escherichia coli. After replication arrest at ectopic replication terminaison sites of Ter/Tus, we showed that UvrD is the major helicase needed to restart. We propose that UvrD acts in concert with homologous recombination proteins to dislodge Tus form Ter sites during replication restart. The Tus-removal action of UvrD is conserved in Bacillus subtilis homologous helicase PcrA. After replication fork arrest by the inactivation of a subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (Pol Illh), either the catalytic subunit (dnaEts mutant) or the (3-clamp (dnaNts mutant), the anti-RecA action of UvrD at blocked forks is essential for the replication fork reversal reaction (RPR) to promote replication restart. We have shown that the anti-RecA action of UvrD at blocked forks reflects two different activities of this enzyme. An ATPase-deficient UvrD mutant is able to antagonize RecA in cells affected for the Pol IIIh catalytic subunit DnaE. In this mutant, RecA action at blocked forks specifically requires the protein RarA (MgsA). This suggests that UvrD acts by preventing RecA binding, possibly through counteracting RarA. In contrast, at forks affected for the Pol Illh clamp (DnaN), RarA is not required for RecA binding and the ATPase fonction of UvrD is essential to counteract RecA, supporting the idea that UvrD removes RecA from DNA. The anti-RecA action of UvrD at Pol IIIts-blocked forks is conserved in the Bacillus subtilis homologous helicase PcrA. Proliferative disorders, this unique mutation will permit a new molecular classification of these disorders and novel therapeutical approaches
Saïfi, Boubekeur. "Caractérisation de cycC, un nouveau gène impliqué dans le programme de réplication d'Escherichia coli." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01073566.
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