Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fourier, Optique de Datation'
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SAMAIN, ETIENNE. "Le laser lune millimetrique et nouvelles methodes de datation optique." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4874.
Full textPatiño, Vanegas Alberto. "Calcul de composants diffractants en optique de Fourier fractionnaire." Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS335.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is devoted to actual applications of fractional Fourier optics. The aim is to calculate the transmission function of a component that gives a pre-defined Fresnel diffraction pattern for an appropriate illumination. A first application is related to modelling, in the fractional domain, astigmatic Gaussian beams, as produced by laser diodes with elliptical waists. An illumination device, made up of 25 laser diodes, is designed for laser tooling purposes. Others applications use recent results based on the fractional sampling theorem and the notions of fractional convolution and correlation products. These results are necessary to extend usual classical numerical methods, as used in designing optical components, to the fractional domain. We adapt three classical methods. The first one is based on the properties of (spatially) chirped functions as used in fractional Fourier optics, in order to design Fresnel micro-lenses. In the second method, we adapt the theory of the geometric coordinate transformations (optical map transformations) to spherical transmitters and receivers to analytically design phase elements. Finally, we extend to the fractional domain iterative algorithmes based on the usual Fourier transform in order to calculate transmission functions of Fresnel holograms. After introducing fractional operators such as fractional transalations or fractional interpolations and taking the finite dimensions of the designed component into account, we propose a method for reducing the speckle in the diffracted pattern The method is based on defining a fractional bandlimited diffuser
Anasse, Jennane. "Application des méthodes de datation par luminescence optique à l'environnement océanique de l'Atlantique Nord." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Montréal, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textLa p. de t. porte en outre: Thèse présentée à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi pour l'obtention du doctorat en ressources minérales offert à l'Université du Québec à Montréal en vertu d'un protocole d'entente avec l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. [121]-128. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Colin, Jérôme. "Correlation optique photorefractive haute cadence a transformee de fourier conjointe." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066445.
Full textFauvarque, Olivier. "Optimisation des analyseurs de front d'onde à filtrage optique de Fourier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0257/document.
Full textEurope is currently preparing the largest telescope of the world: the European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). Planned by 2026, this huge telescope will allow to answer fundamental questions of contemporary astrophysics. However, images of astrophysical objects done by ground based telescopes suffer from the atmospheric turbulence which reduces the capacity of instruments to distinguish objects too close to each other. The Adaptive Optics (AO) allows to restore this loss of angular resolution by correcting (thanks to a deformable mirror) in real time the perturbed wave front (measured by the WaveFront Sensor (WFS)).Until very recently, the majority of AO systems had used the Shack-Hartmann (SH) WFS. New concepts based on Fourier filtering (the Pyramid or the Zernike WFSs) have however just been put in operation in several professional observatories and their results seem to outperform the SH. Since they would potentially be chosen for the AO systems of the future ELTs, this thesis aims to consolidate their theoretical understanding and to optimize these Fourier based WFSs.We firstly develop a mathematical framework which describes all these WFSs under an unique formalism. It allows to generalize the pre-existent designs -a WFS thus becomes a "WFS class"- by considering their optical parameters as flexible quantities. We then explored the two Pyramid and Zernike classes to identify the influence of class' parameters on performance criteria in order to optimize optical designs with regard to the instrumental requirements. New configurations of the Pyramid class -that we called Flattened pyramids- show promising behaviors and are studied in details
Tourlonias, Michel. "Caractérisation optique de surfaces textiles : aspects dynamiques et polarimétriques." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0815.
Full textThis work consists in characterizing the state of surface of fibrous materials (woven fabrics and nonwovens) and particularly their roughness (texture) and their surface hairiness. To this end, several optical methods were developed. The principle consists in studying the surface of the material, which have to be periodical, through a Fourier analysis of the reflection of a laser light line describing a ring. This method is used in several forms: a roughnessmeter and/or extensometer and a roughnessmeter which also takes into account the polarization parameters of the reflected beam. An increase of the depolarization of the reflected light corresponds to a larger hairiness of the surface. Taking into account the polarimetric phenomena allows to highlight surface differences according to their capacity to depolarize. Moreover, a polarimetric imaging device permitted to differentiate the different zones of a spunbonded nonwoven through their degree of polarization
Ouarets, Shiraz. "Conception de la détection d'un gonioreflectomètre métrologique pour mesurer la BRDF des surfaces." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0995/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide the French Metrology with a reference instrument that can be used for measuring the appearance of objects. Several physical properties of object appearance are used not only to identify the object itself but also determine its quality. These include color, gloss, texture and translucency. This work describes the design, characterization and the implementation of an instrument that has been built particularly to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of planar surfaces. BRDF is a physical quantity that enables measuring the surface color and gloss. Accordingly it is important to ensure accurate and traceable measurements of such a quantity in order for a comprehensive understanding of surface properties to be fulfilled.Some surfaces show pigmented, metallic, sparkling or pearlescent appearance. These surfaces, called goniochromatic surfaces, have the ability to change their appearance depending on the viewing angle. To characterize them, it is necessary to deliver surface reflectance measurements at several directions and under different illumination conditions. The instrument that enables these measurements is called gonioreflectometer.The experimental setup we have designed consists of two separate detection lines. The first line, called "color line", is used to study the color. It consists of a stationary illumination source that uses a xenon lamp spectrally resolved by a monochromator. The light coming out from the source is focused on the surface under investigation. The reflected light by the surface is collected by using a lens and directed onto a photodiode by a mirror. This detection system can be moved over a wide angular range so as to measure the BRDF.The second line, called "gloss line", is used to measure the gloss of the surface. In order to be very close to the average human observer, high angular resolution is required. In this line the detection part is stationary. It consists of a Charged Coupled Device (CCD) camera of 512 x 512 pixels. The source used to illuminate the surface is an incandescent tungsten lamp. Angular measurements in this line are provided by the movement of the illumination source itself. Both color and gloss lines share a robot sample-holder that provides six degrees of freedom. This of course facilitates measurements over varies detection and illumination directions of the sample.Key words: Color, Gloss, BRDF, Goniochromatisme, Specular pic
Lardier, Melody. "Système optoélectronique de reconnaissance multicapteurs par filtrage optique." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10117.
Full textLi, Chongguang. "Study of an optical device for homogenizing a laser beam and simulation of temperature field in irradiated materials." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAL0079.
Full textDans les travaux de caractérisation radiative de matériaux semi transparents à haute température (2000°C) un laser CO2 est utilisé comme source de chauffage des échantillons à tester. La caractérisation ne peut se faire correctement que si les échantillons sont isothermes. On va ainsi rechercher en priorité à homogénéiser le faisceau laser incident qui de nature possède une distribution énergétique non uniforme. Le choix s'est préalablement porté sur un dispositif optique d'homogénéisation. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif principale l'optimisation du dispositif optique de type Kaléidoscope. La démarche visant à l'optimisation comporte deux phases ; la première consiste à étudier l'influence des paramètres géométriques du kaléidoscope sur le champ d'interférences créé en sortie et donc par conséquent sur la distribution énergétique du faisceau transformé en sortie de kaléidoscope. Pour cela, un modèle mathématique basé sur l'optique de Fourier a été développé afin de simuler la distribution gaussienne. On dégage ainsi les paramètres géométriques optimum en termes de distribution énergétique. Cependant l'optimisation ne peut être complète que si l'on examine le champ de température en surface et au sein du matériau qui a été chauffé par ce faisceau transformé. En effet suivant les propriétés thermo-radiatives du matériau testé, pour une même distribution énergétique de faisceau transformé, le champ de température résultant peut être très différent. La deuxième phase de ce travail consiste à développer un code à partir d'un modèle semi analytique de transfert de chaleur 2D pour simuler les profils de température au sein d'un matériau chauffé sur une des deux faces. Par la suite ce code a été optimisé en terme de temps de calcul afin de l'utiliser dans une des configurations où le temps de chauffage nécessaire à l'obtention du régime permanent est supérieur à plusieurs minutes et pour des échantillons de grandes dimensions. Enfin les simulations de champs de température sont comparées à des champs de température expérimentaux obtenus par thermographie infrarouge sur des feuillards d'acier
Michaely, Roland. "Tomographie en cohérence optique dans le domaine de Fourier appliquée aux tissus humains /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4131.
Full textCreux, Amélie. "Micro-capteur à base d'un spectromètre de Fourier en optique intégrée sur verre." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT099.
Full textSpectrometry is an analytical method to access the composition and structure of the matter. Spectrometers are used in many fields. For reasons of space and mobility, many development are made to decrease the size of these spectrometers. This thesis presents the realization and characterization of a Fourier spectrometer in glass integrated optics called LLIFTS (Leaky Loop Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer). It uses the coupling of a plane waveguide with a bend waveguide to obtain a Fourier interferogram. Characterizations in the near infrared and visible domain were made. A spectral resolution of 7 nm (R = 221) between 1500nm and 1600nm and 3 (R = 260) 4 nm (R = 221) between 700nm and 900nm is obtained. The Fourier spectrometer developed in this thesis allows to obtain spectral resolution equivalent to other existing compact spectrometers but with an easier realisation. The measurement of the Fourier interferogram allows to detect phase changes between the two waves. So the LLIFTS can be used for applications such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). The first measurements of phase shift are presented in this thesis
Lecointre, Aurélie. "Mécanisme de luminescence persistante de nouveaux types de marqueurs pour l'imagerie optique in vivo." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066469.
Full textHarsoyo, Agung. "Méthodes fractionnaires en électromagnétisme et en optique." Lorient, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LORIS019.
Full textDupré, Jean-Christophe. "Traitement et analyse d'images pour la mesure de grandeurs cinématiques, déplacements et déformations à partir de la granularité laser et de réseaux croises, et pour l'étude de couplages thermomécaniques." Poitiers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992POIT2262.
Full textCORREIA, Carlos. "Conception de lois de commande à hautes performances pour l'optique adaptative des grands / très grands télescopes." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132004.
Full textAdaptive optics (AO) enables to correct the effects induced by atmospheric turbulence, which affect telescopes’ resolution and hence image quality. Introduced in the 1990s, AO systems become tomographic, allowing to analyze turbulence in volume in order to achieve wide-field correction. For future large telescopes, this goes together with a sharp increase in complexity. New AO concepts, often exhibiting large number of degrees of freedom (LNDF), require innovative control laws compatible with real-time constraints. Several original aspects are addressed. For LNDFs, the entry point is the selection of a basis for the turbulent phase. Two directions are explored: with a zonal formulation, Fourier methods for static wavefront reconstruction are investigated; a new strategy combining Fourier and iterative methods is developed to adapt optimal Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control to LNDFs. The issue of large deformable mirror’s temporal dynamics is addressed. For linear dynamics, the optimal control minimizing residual variance is obtained as the solution of a discrete-time LQG problem. This also enables to quantify the degradation in performance with suboptimal controllers. This approach is applied to the control of tip-tilt mirrors developed for large telescopes. It is shown that neglecting dynamics results in significant performance degradation. Another application is dealt with: the coordination of slow and fast mirrors (woofer-tweeter concept)
Bigué, Laurent. "Reconnaissance des formes en temps réel par voie optique : étude comparative d'implantations optiques de filtres de corrélation : application au corrélateur optique à transformée de Fourier conjointe." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0445.
Full textBouab, Nawal. "Application des méthodes de datation par luminescence optique à l'évolution des environnements désertiques : Sahara occidental (Maroc) et Îles Canaries orientales (Espagne) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Montréal : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ;. Université du Québec à Montréal, 2001. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. [155]-163. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Fialeix, Gilles. "Mise au point d'un protocole expérimental de caractérisation du comportement en cisaillement de matériaux composites et polymères." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2361.
Full textFedus, Kamil. "Développement des méthodes de mesures des non linéarités optiques du troisième ordre." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799815.
Full textPeloux, Marius. "Nouveaux composants optiques pixellisés pour la correction visuelle : modélisation, optimisation et évaluation." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112202/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates microstructured and more particularly pixelated ophthalmic glasses, the latter raising some hope for the active correction of presbyopia. A theoretical study is developed for the analysis of the optical performances of a pixelated lens in terms of image transport and leads to the identification of the parameters which have an impact on these performances. After experimental validation of the results obtained, we note and then explain the effect on the observation of a scene of eye displacement with respect to the optical function of the eyeglass. We study the effect of phase wrapping, which is inherent in the limits of the technologies implied in the manufacturing process and adds an axial chromatism effect to the visual defects generated by pixelation. We are also interested in the potential applications of pixelation in the field of passive optics. We prove that for a given application, non pixelated binary lenses, the optical quality of which we optimize, lead to better results than pixelated lenses. The impact on visual acuity of the parasitic diffractive phenomena induced by pixelation is evaluated with an optical bench using the simulation of test images seen through pixelated lenses. Finally, we study the aesthetic aspect of a pixelated component as seen by an external observer, using hybrid calculation models based on both geometrical and Fourier optics
Logette, Patrice. "Etude et réalisation d'un processeur acousto-optique numérique de traitement des signaux." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/bbfd31df-2499-46a6-843d-52f346b1db41.
Full textMengin, Fondragon Mikhael de. "Etude d'un spéctromètre intégré SWIFTS pour réaliser des capteurs optiques fibrés pour les sciences de l'observation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT085/document.
Full textSWIFTS, or Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier-Transform Spectrometer, is an extremely integrated very high resolution spectrometer. This spectroscopy technology represents a major advance in the field and will be used here as a Fiber Bragg Gratings interrogator. Combining such a spectrometer with very sensitive Bragg sensors, like grating Fabry-Perot cavity (GFPC) as long as 20 mm, will allow to measure high precision temperature or strain variation. Applications of Bragg sensors are numerous, especially in structure monitoring and nuclear power plants safety. Despite promising capabilities, Bragg sensors never reached the desired sensibility for earth-science observation purposes. Present applications are restricted to civil-engineering strain-gauge sensors with microstrain sensitivity. However, the ability to detect and record signals of the order of a few tens of nanostrain is of great interest to monitor and model the volcanic and seismological processes. I demonstrate in this thesis the first use of a Fourier-Transform spectrometer combined with Fiber Bragg Sensors in a field configuration to achieve extremely high precision measurement on earth's crustal deformation. Precisions of thirty nanostrains on a very short base were achieved in the Low-Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB) at Rustrel. Crustal monitoring opens the way for numerous applications especially in geophysics. A second study presented in this thesis aims at benchmarking several strain sensors based on optical fiber Bragg grating. For this purpose, two reinforced concrete beams have been tested in three points bending up to ultimate limit state
Ferrand, Jérôme. "Etude et réalisation d'un spectromètre intégré à transformée de Fourier (SWIFTS)." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554948.
Full textMartin, Bruno. "Etude et réalisation d'un spectromètre compact en optique intégrée sur verre." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00392702.
Full textGenest, Jérôme. "Théorie de la cohérence optique et modélisation de la forme de raie des spectromètres par transformation de Fourier." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57936.pdf.
Full textMarzani, Franck. "Contribution à l'analyse et au suivi du mouvement humain sans marqueur." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS008.
Full textVievard, Sébastien. "Développement et validation d'un analyseur de surface d'onde en plan focal pour un instrument multi-pupilles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066327/document.
Full textThe resolution of a telescope is ultimately limited by its aperture diameter, but the size of mirrors is bounded by current technology to about 10m on the ground and to a few meters in space. To overcome this limitation, interferometry consists in making an array of sub-apertures interfere; the resulting instrument is called an interferometer or a multi-aperture telescope. To reach the diffraction limit of such instruments, all sub-apertures must be phased to within a small fraction of wavelength. A critical sub-system of interferometers is the Cophasing Sensor (CS), whose goal is to measure the relative positioning errors between the sub-apertures (differential piston, tip and tilt), which are the specific low-order aberration of an interferometer and the main source of wave-front degradation. We aim to develop unsupervised and easy-to-implement CSs for the global multi-aperture telescope alignment. ELASTIC algorithm provides a solution for large amplitude tip/tilt error measurement from a modified cross-spectrum of two diversity images, allowing the geometrical alignment. ELASTIC also provides tip/tilt stability for the large amplitude piston error minimization, called the interferometric alignment. Finally a second algorithm called LAPD uses focal and slightly defocused images for the small amplitude piston/tip/tilt error measurement, allowing the fine phasing. Numerical simulations of several types of multi-aperture telescopes are performed in order to test our algorithms. We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of the different algorithms on a 6-sub-aperture instrument. These algorithms should simplify the design of the future telescopes
Millard, Anne. "IFTSUV : un spectromètre imageur à transformée de Fourier dans l'ultraviolet pour les prochaines missions spatiales solaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437261.
Full textBonnefois, Jean-Jacques. "MODELISATION D'EFFETS NON LINEAIRES DANS LES CRISTAUX PHOTONIQUES, APPLICATION A LA LIMITATION OPTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260364.
Full textDans ce but, de nouvelles méthodes de simulation numérique ab-initio, évolutions de la Fast Fourier Factorization (FFF), et de la Matrix Scattering Method (MSM), sont développées et utilisées. Elles permettent de traiter rigoureusement le cas d'inclusions nonlinéaires inhomogènes ainsi que de traiter l'échauffement d'un CP lors d'une illumination par impulsion laser nanoseconde.
Dans la dernière partie du mémoire, la précision de l'approximation homogène est étudiée et partiellement remise en cause. Finalement, une solution de limiteur optique à cristal photonique est donnée.
Coëtmellec, Sébastien. "Application de la transformation de Fourier fractionnaire à la restitution numérique des hologrammes de particules." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES050.
Full textThe wavelets transformation applied to particle field holography allows to extract the vector velocity fields of a volume. However this transformation reveals constraints that we must free oneself. We propose to use the fractional Fourier transformation to solve these problems. After having exposed the bases of the fractional Fourier transformation (FRFT) and its relation with the Wigner distribution function, we deal with their numerical implementation. Then, we show that the FRFT is a suitable method to analyze digital holograms of fibers. This processing allows to determine the size and the location of the diffracting object. This study highlights the behaviour of the Wigner distribution function of the diffraction pattern of a fiber before and after FRFT processing. The study is extended to analyze numerical holograms of particles. The diameter and the 3D location of particles can be determined. The study on three-dimensional fields of particles is approached and shows feasibility to restore plane by plane a volume of particles. .
Briard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d'un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846098.
Full textRomero, Guzman Maria Eugenia. "Etude par spectroscopie optique d'associations d'acides nucléiques en fonction de leur hydratation, de leurs contre-ions ou en interaction avec la protéine régulatrice Hfq." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132001.
Full textArchambault, Alexandre. "Optique des ondes de surface : super-résolution et interaction matière-rayonnement." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678073.
Full textMondragon, Sanchez Juan Antonio. "Etude par spectroscopie optique de structures d'ADN soit contenant des bases ou chaines modifiées, soit en interaction avec des ions divalents." Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132004.
Full textFrouin, Marine. "Les feldspaths comme support pour la datation par luminescence de gisements archéologiques et de séquences quaternaires d'Aquitaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30076.
Full textCurrently available chronological information for Middle Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France precludes the establishment of a robust chronological framework. For these early periods, developing such a framework relies upon important methodological advancements in numerical dating techniques. The results of this study are essentially based on the optical luminescence dating of sedimentary feldspars and quartz. Focusing on the most commonly employed luminescence signals (IRSL, pIR-IRSL), it was possible to more clearly evaluate the reliability of dates obtained on K-feldspars. A dating protocol for these materials based on their radioluminescence signal (IR-RF) was also developed. Optical luminescence dates were produced for six major archaeological sites: (Marillac, Charente), Combe Brune 2 (Creysse, Dordogne), Roc de Marsal (Campagne, Dordogne), Artenac (Saint-Mary, Charente), La Quina (Gardes-le-Pontaroux, Charente) et La Ferrassie (Savignac-de-Miremont, Dordogne). Collating the results for each archaeological level allowed the coherence of the dates to be tested and a reliable chronological sequence to be proposed for each site. The different human occupations, characterised by their industrial attribution, could be placed within a chronological framework that incorporates regional palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic variations. Finally, several observations provide new insights for our understanding of Neandertal cultures
Silberstein, Éric. "Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée : application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch." Paris 6, 2002. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003101.
Full textMohamad, Habib. "Développement de la méthode différentielle associée à la Fast Fourier Factorization pour la photonique : étude de réseaux diffractifs complexes et modélisation de structures en optique intégrée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT032.
Full textNowadays to design photonic devices, it is important to have reliable and efficient simulation tools. In fact, if exploiting the technological grids of the design parameters is considered possible for the simple devices, its cost in terms of number of tests becomes an obstacle to the optimization of the structures. Therefore, it is essential to develop fully vectorial simulations, with complex or/and real refractive indices materials, to guarantee that all the propagation modes (guided, radiated and evanescent modes) are taken into account. The simulations of the structures with high contrast refractive index (Silicon photonics for example) or structures using metallic layer and generating plasmonic modes or sub-wavelength structures like metamaterials are a set of examples that requires the use of these tools. These methods can be differentiated by their used calculation algorithm: calculation in the frequency domain by finite differences or finite elements, Fourier based methods, or calculation in the temporal domain with the finite difference method... For example, the FDTD has become in the recent years a reference tool in the domain of silicon photonics. However, almost all these methods are not necessarily optimal. They can be distinguishable by the required numerical resources, particularly in terms of the used memory, the execution time, the take into account of the boundary conditions, the discretization of the structure, or their workspace domain (spectral or spatial) ... Over the last fifteen years, the group involved with the development of electromagnetic tools in the laboratory (IMEP-Lahc), headed towards the development of RCWA based numerical tools to simulate and design the optical response of diffractive and guided optic structures. However, this last method as the FDTD can generate approximations inducing inaccuracies or an increase in the numerical resources used for certain configurations (memory, execution time...). The objective of this thesis is to develop a more general tool aiming to reduce these imperfections while retaining the possibility of using it on a multitude of photonics applications (diffractive optics, guided optics, etc.). My choice fell on the differential method which is widely used for the study of diffraction gratings. This method can be more efficient than the RCWA but it also has limitations especially for the simulation of periodic structures with complex profile in TM polarization. Since the 2000s, the association of a new module called FFF (Fast Fourier Factorization) has solved this problem and opened up new possibilities for this method. After a general introduction, the differential method associated with the FFF is presented in detail. Then, a simple and fast solution which makes the use of this method with metals having a purely real and negative permittivity is proposed and solve the problem of divergence faced before. Consequently, a complete study of a dielectric diffractive structure visual security applications is subsequently detailed. Moreover, the developed code of the DM-FFF is integrated in neural networks algorithm for optimal modeling and design of visual security structures. Finally, to meet the condition of generalizing the method for the different photonic structures (guided and diffractive), a coordinate transform inspired from the aperiodic FMM was implemented in the algorithm of the DM-FFF transforming the last one into an aperiodic method for the simulation of 2D integrated optical structures for complex, non-isotropic and non-magnetic materials. The decomposition of the propagation of eigenmode basis can provide access to information which are not directly provided by the FDTD for example (guided modes, radiated modes …). More precise, faster and more rigorous results were obtained compared to a-FMM especially in TM polarization with curvilinear profiles such as the case of cylindrical structures
Briard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d’un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0023/document.
Full textIn this thesis, I propose a new optical technique for measuring 3D relative positions, sizes and refractive indices of a set of particles, which are illuminated by a plane and pulsed laser beam. In this work, the particles are spherical, transparent, homogeneous and isotropic. When these particles are illuminated, they have the behavior of sources of spherical light waves which interfere. The recording of interference fringes and analysisby Fourier transform can measure the characteristics of the particles. I describe the influence of particle characteristics on spectral representations of the interference fringes created by the pairs of particles illuminated in 2D Fourier space. The interference fringes are simulated numerically using the Lorenz-Mietheory. The inverse problem is approached by showing how it is possible to measure the characteristics of particles with geometrical optics and spatial filtering by Fourier transformation
Aumeunier, Marie-Hélène. "Etude d'un spectrographe à champ intégral pour le satellite SNAP [SuperNovae/Acceleration Probe] : prototype, simulation et performances." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX11068.
Full textThe SNAP(SuperNovae/Acceleration Probe) project plans to measure very precisely the cosmological parameters and to determine the nature of dark energy by observations of type Ia supernovae and weak lensing. The SNAP instrument consists in a 2-meter telescope with a one square-degree imager and a spectrograph in the visible and infrared range. A dedicated optimized integral field spectrograph based on an imager slicer technology has been developed. To test and validate the performances, two approaches have been developed: a complete simulation of the complete instrument at the pixel level and the manufacturing and test of a spectrograph prototype operating at room temperature and in cryogenic environment. In this thesis we will test the optical and functional performances of the SNAP spectrograph: especially diffraction losses, straylight and spectro-photometric calibration. We present an original approach for the spectro-photometric calibration adapted for the slicer and the optical performances resulting from the first measurement campaign in the visible range
Pellegrini, Philippe. "Aspects théoriques de la formation de molécules froides : application à la photoassociation dans les condensats de Bose-Einstein." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112191.
Full textWe have developed a time-independent formalism to study the formation of molecules by Feshbach resonances and more generally to treat the interaction between a discrete bound state and a continuum. We have used the Fourier grid method with an optical potential to salve the coupled Schrodinger equation system with appropriate boundary conditions for the calculated wave functions. The diagonalization of the total Hamiltonian matrix leads to complex eigenvalues where the real and imaginary parts respectively give the positions and the widths of the resonances. These parameters are used in the expression of the molecular formation rate. We have applied this method to study the photoassociation reaction at ultra-low temperature under typical Bose-Einstein conditions. In the dressed molecular picture, this process is equivalent to an optically induced Feshbach resonance and can be investigated non-perturbatively. Applications to predissociation studies are clone as well
Addam, Mohamed. "Approximation du problème diffusion en tomographie optique et problème inverse." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579257.
Full textCoolen, Laurent. "Cohérence temporelle des photons uniques émis par un nanocristal individuel de CdSe/ZnS." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138537.
Full textAddam, Mohamed. "Approximation du problème de diffusion en tomographie optique et problème inverse." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0278.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop and to study numerical methods for the solution of some Partial Differential Equations (PDE) such as the diffusion transport problem in optical tomography. The presented work can be partitioned into two parts. In the first part, we consider the direct problem and in the second part, we treat the inverse problem. For the direct problem, we assume that the optical parameters and the source functions are given. Here, the density of the luminous flow is considered as an unknown function to be approached numerically. Generally, to reconstruct the numerical signal, a mesh-technique (in the time variable) is necessary. To avoid such a discretisation, we will use a technique based on the Fourier transform and its inverse. These methods use the Gauss-Hermite quadrature as well as Galerkin method based on Bsplines, B-splines tensorial and radial basis functions (RBF). The B-splines are used in the one-dimension case while the tensorial B-splines are used when the domain is rectangular with a uniform mesh. When the domain is not rectangular any more, we use the radial basis functions. From the theoretical point of view, we will study the existence, the uniqueness and the regularity of the solution and then we propose some results on the estimation of the error in Sobolev-type spaces. In the second part of this work, we are interested in the diffusion inverse problem : a non-linear inverse problem. We suppose that the measures of the luminous flow in the edges of the domain and the source functions are given. We will give some theoretical results such as the continuity and the differentiability, in the Fréchet sense of the operator defined to measure the luminous flow detected on the edges of the domain. From the numerical point of view adds, we will be interested in the discreet case using B-splines and radial basis functions. We will use the Newton method to solve the non-linear inverse diffusion problem
Thomas, Fabrice. "Calibrages et études applicatives de la technologie SWIFTS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT136.
Full textSWIFTS (Stationary Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer) is a new innovative technology of spectrometry that allows a drastic reduction of the size of Fourier transform spectrometers, while maintaining, and even improving their performance. With advances in integrated optics and nanotechnology, SWIFTS is based on an original method of optical detection, without any moving part, where metallic nanodots directly sample the evanescent field of a standing wave in a waveguide.In this thesis, we propose to present the complete process that led, starting from the original concept, to the development and the applications of the technology. The document illustrates the optical characterizations, the technological choices and the optimizations made for the realization of functional spectrometers in the visible and near-infrared range. Innovative and complementary procedures of calibrations, based on frequency multiplexing and low coherence interferometry, have been developed to accurately determine the various irregularities of the manufacturing and of the behavior of the integrated device. The calibrated spectrometers allow to address various applications in industry and research, such as high performance characterization of lasers, interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings sensors, Raman and LIBS spectrometry, optical coherence tomography OCT, and sciences of the Universe (geophysics, astrophysics).SWIFTS is a breakthrough innovation in spectrometry, without trade-off between miniaturization and high performance, that opens the way for product development based on the most demanding applications currently performed in research laboratories
Desfarges-Berthelemot, Agnès. "Oscillateur laser synthétiseur d'images/ par Agnès Desfarges." Limoges, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIMO0039.
Full textGnata, Xavier. "Développement d'un simulateur de performances pour le spectrographe NIRSpec du futur télescope spatial JWST." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196900.
Full textNotre étude se concentre sur la qualité d'image, la distorsion et l'efficacité totale de NIRSpec.
Ces calculs de performances reposent sur un code d'optique de Fourier développé durant cette thèse. Dans ce manuscrit, nous discutons les hypothèses et les limites de notre approche et nous présentons les résultats obtenus par l'étude de la distorsion et des effets de la diffraction. Ces résultats ont été utilisés pour vérifier des points clefs de la conception de NIRSpec. La complexité de NIRSpec nous a également amenés à développer un simulateur complet de l'optique et des détecteurs. Nous décrivons les algorithmes mis au point pour ces simulations ainsi que les éléments importants de leur implémentation (optimisation des temps de calculs). Les poses ainsi crées sont actuellement utilisées pour tester les futurs logiciels de traitement des données NIRSpec.
Silberstein, Eric. "Généralisation de la méthode modale de Fourier aux problèmes de diffraction en optique intégrée. Application aux convertisseurs modaux par ingénierie des modes de Bloch." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003101.
Full textMarceaux, Alexandre. "Absorbant saturable ultra-rapide à base de multipuits quantiques InGaAs/InP dopés Fer pour la génération optique à 1. 55 um." Rennes, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAR0013.
Full textPetit, Jérôme. "Contrôle dimensionnel sub-micrométrique utilisant un appareil goniométrique bidimensionnel rapide." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10211.
Full textThis work deals with Optical Critical Dimension metrology in microelectronics and with the use of an unusual tool for this application. The first keypoint of this metrology technique is the ability to calculate the scattered light pattern from a periodic structure and the second key point is the apparatus used to measure the diffracted pattern. We present here a goniometric instrument based on optical Fourier Transform. This equipment has been change for the metrological application and we describe in this text the different steps we had to deal with to achieve. These steps are the description of the measurement head, the understanding and the instrument analysis to adapt our numerical means to the problem needs. Then we validated the metrological function of the instrument on samples like opticallayers or gratings. We compare each etched structure measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry and Scanning Electron microscopy. Each result has been analyzed to evaluate accuracy on parameters. At last, we used instrument peculiarities to go through qualitative study of complex structures like line with roughness and overlay
Leblond, Gregory. "Etude et développement d'un micro-spectromètre à ondes guidées contra-propagatives." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0031.
Full textSWIFTS (Stationary Waves Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer) is a new concept of Fourier Transform spectrometry that opens the way to high-resolution ultra-compact spectrometers. This integrated spectrometer is based on the direct near-field probing of the optical source’s Fourier Interferogram. To obtain the most compact structure a Guided Interferogram (GI) is created into an optical integrated waveguide thanks to a counterpropagative phenomenon. Once the stationary GI created, the challenge is to read this useful information confined into the waveguide. The idea is to sample the GI by embedding a comb of nano-probes in the waveguide’s near-field. These nano-elements scatter the GI’s near-field profile towards a detector array placed in far-field. The incident light spectrum can be recovered by Fourier Transform of the collected signal. We focused our work on the simulation of one nano-probe. This study is critical: the scattering light has to go towards the detector without disturbing the useful information confined into the waveguide. To study this phenomenon, we developed the Fourier Modal Method with PML (Perfectly Matched Layer). Then, we developed specific tools to characterize the scattering light of a nano-element embedded in the waveguide’s near-field. This numerical method is also adapted to the whole spectrometer, including many nano-probes elements. We validated simulation work by an experimental realization