Academic literature on the topic 'Fourth Lateran Concil'

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgery remains an integral part of the treatment of medulloblastoma. We present our experience with repeat surgery for this tumor before initiation of adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE To report what was found intraoperatively and where at time of second-look surgery and detail any postoperative events or readmissions within 90 days of surgery. METHODS Two separate institutional databases were queried to identify patients who underwent repeat resection of suspected residual medulloblastoma from January 2003 to January 2017. RESULTS We identified 51 patients (36 male, 15 female) who underwent repeat surgery. Average age at diagnosis was 8.31 years (range, 1.3-21.2). Imaging prior to repeat surgery demonstrated unequivocal residual tumor in 37 patients, but indeterminate in 14 patients. All but 1 patient had histopathologically confirmed residual tumor (50/51, 98%). The fourth ventricle was the primary site in 39 (76%) cases, compared with hemispheric in 12 cases (24%). Thirty (59%) tumors were non-WNT/non-SHH. All indeterminate cases (except for 1 patient) had residual tumor. Hemostatic agents were found within the resection cavity in 80% of indeterminate cases. The most common sites of residual tumor were lateral (26/39, 67%, lateral recess and/or foramen of Luschka) and roof (25/39, 64%); the superior medullary velum was the most common region of the roof (19/25, 76%). Eight (16%) patients developed new neurological deficits: cranial nerve palsies in 5 patients and posterior fossa syndrome in 3 patients. CONCLUSION Meticulous inspection of the resection cavity is necessary, paying particular attention to the roof and lateral recess. Hemostatic agents can conceal residual tumor.

Abstract, Ancrene Wisse, "Guide for Anchoresses" A Czech Translation (2015) Klára Petříková Ancrene Wisse (Guide for Anchoresses) is a remarkable work of the Middle English literature dating back to the first half of the 13th century. Its author (presumably a Dominican) conceived it as "spiritual life guidelines" for three sisters of a noble origin who decided to renounce the world. Besides its didactic purpose, its character is meditative and contemplative. Riveting in its style, its rich metaphors and heightened sensibility link it with the later tradition of the English mystical writers (Julian of Norwich), The work abounds in quotations, paraphrases of the continental monastic authors (St. Augustine, Bernard of Clairvaux). Surviving in seventeen manuscripts, it had been quoted till the Renaissance and its importance is further confirmed by a contemporaneous translation into Latin and French. Present translation aims to introduce this work to the Czech readers and to put it in its historical, social and literary context.

The Catilinarians are a set of four speeches that Cicero, while consul in 63 BC, delivered before the senate and the Roman people against the conspirator Catiline and his followers. Or are they? Cicero did not publish the speeches until three years later, and he substantially revised them before publication, rewriting some passages and adding others, all with the aim of justifying the action he had taken against the conspirators and memorializing his own role in the suppression of the conspiracy. How, then, should we interpret these speeches as literature? Can we treat them as representing what Cicero actually said? Or do we have to read them merely as political pamphlets from a later time? This first book-length discussion of these famous speeches clarifies what the speeches actually are and explains how we should approach them. In addition, the book contains a full and up-to-date account of the Catilinarian conspiracy and a survey of the influence that the story of Catiline has had on writers such as Sallust and Virgil, Ben Jonson and Henrik Ibsen, from antiquity to the present day.

Certainly a striking city in its day, Perga (also spelled Perge) today still is an impressive place to visit. Its theater, stadium, agora, towers, baths, and colonnaded streets give the visitor a good sense of what an ancient city was like. Perga is located in the ancient region of Pamphylia, approximately 9 miles east of Antalya. To visit the site, take highway 400 east from Antalya to the town of Aksu, in which there is a yellow sign on the left that points to Perga, which is a little more than a mile north of Aksu. The Aksu Çayï (the ancient Cestrus River) comes within 3 miles of the site on its way to the Mediterranean, approximately 7 miles away. In ancient times Perga apparently had a port on the river, which was navigable, thus allowing the city to benefit commercially from the river. Ancient tradition claims that Perga was founded after the Trojan War by Greek settlers under the leadership of Calchas (a seer whose prophecies helped the Greeks in the war) and Mopsus (another ancient seer). The acropolis at Perga, however, was inhabited much earlier than this, even during the Bronze Age. When Alexander the Great came through the area in 333 B.C.E., the city of Perga offered no resistance to him. Some of the people from Perga even served as guides to lead a part of Alexander’s army from Phaselis into Pamphylia. After Alexander’s death, the city was controlled by the Ptolemies and then by the Seleucid rulers. One of the most famous natives of Perga during the Hellenistic period was Apollonius, a 3rd-century-B.C.E. mathematician who wrote a ninevolume work on conics. His works were important contributions to astronomy and geometry. He studied in Alexandria and later lived in Pergamum. After the defeat of the Seleucids by the Romans in 189 B.C.E. at the battle of Magnesia, Perga became a part of the Pergamene kingdom. Bequeathed to Rome in 133 B.C.E. by the last Pergamene king, Attalus III, the city came under Roman control four years later, as a part of the Roman province of Asia Minor.

The present paper reports on the aero-thermal performance of a nozzle vane cascade, with film cooled endwalls. The coolant is injected through four rows of cylindrical holes with conical expanded exits. Two endwall geometries with different area ratios have been compared. Tests have been carried out at low speed (M = 0.2), with coolant to mainstream mass flow ratio varied in the range 0.5–2.5%. Secondary flow assessment has been performed through 3D aerodynamic measurements, by means of a miniaturized 5-hole probe. Adiabatic effectiveness distributions have been determined by using the wide banded thermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) technique. For both configurations and for all the blowing conditions, the coolant share among the four rows has been determined. The aerothermal performance of the cooled vane have been analyzed on the basis of secondary flow effects and laterally averaged effectiveness distributions; this analysis was carried out for different coolant mass flow ratios. It was found that the smaller area ratio provides better results in terms of 3D losses and secondary flow effects; the reason is that the higher momentum of the coolant flow is going to better reduce the secondary flow development. The increase of the fan-shaped hole area ratio gives rise to a better coolant lateral spreading, but appreciable improvements of the adiabatic effectiveness were detected only in some regions and for large injection rates.

Flashback and self-ignition in the premixing zone of typical gas turbine swirl combustors in lean premixed operation are immanent risks and can lead to damage and failure of components. Thus, steady combustion in the premixing zone must be avoided under all circumstances. This study experimentally investigates the flame holding propensity of fuel injectors in the swirler of a gas turbine model combustor with premixing of H2-NG-air-mixtures under atmospheric pressure and proposes a model to predict the limit for safe operation. The A2EV swirler concept exhibits a hollow, thick walled conical structure with four tangential slots. Four fuel injector geometries were tested. One of them injects the fuel orthogonal to the air flow in the slots (jet-in-crossflow-injector, JICI). Three injector types introduce the fuel almost isokinetic to the air flow at the trailing edge of the swirler slots (trailing edge injector, TEI). A cylindrical duct and a window in the swirler made of quartz glass allow the application of optical diagnostics (OH* chemiluminescence and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence of the OH radical (OH-PLIF)) inside the swirler. The fuel-air-mixture was ignited with a focused single laser pulse during steady operation. The position of ignition was located inside the swirler in proximity to a fuel injection hole. If the flame was washed out of the premixing zone not later than four seconds after the ignition the operation point was defined as safe. Operation points were investigated at three air mass flows, three air ratios, two air preheat temperatures (573 K, 673 K) and 40 to 100 percent per volume hydrogen in the fuel composed of hydrogen and natural gas. The determined safety limit for atmospheric pressure yields a similarity rule based on a critical Damköhler number. Application of the proposed rule at conditions typical for gas turbines leads to these safety limits for the A2EV burner: With the TEIs the swirler can safely operate with up to 80 percent per volume hydrogen content in the fuel at an air ratio of two. With the JIC injector safe operation at stoichiometric conditions and 95 percent per volume hydrogen is possible.