Academic literature on the topic 'Fractional bandwidth (FBW)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fractional bandwidth (FBW)"
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Jang, Youna, Cha Hye Seong, Taehoon Kang, Sang-Min Han, and Dal Ahn. "A New Doherty Combiner with Wide Bandwidth for Magnitude and Phase Balance Compensation." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 4 (2023): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.4.r.178.
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This paper proposes a novel Doherty combiner that uses a series and parallel resonant circuit for wideband. Unlike conventional combiners, the aim of the proposed combiners is to extend bandwidth for not only the magnitude bandwidth, but also phase balance by employing series and parallel resonant circuits at the output impedance of the peaking amplifier. Considering the load impedance of the peaking amplifier, the Doherty combiners were analyzed in the theory of this study by deriving the series and parallel resonant circuit values. The output phase balances are determined for the targeted bandwidth to achieve uniform phase balance in the proposed combiner I using a series resonator. For better magnitude bandwidth, the slope of reflection coefficient (Γ) at port 3 in the combiner II using series resonator was derived using the derivative of Γ with respect to ω. Experimental results show that the proposed combiner I has 63.5% magnitude fractional bandwidth (FBW) and 118% FBW with the phase balance at ±2.5°. The proposed combiner II also has 85% magnitude FBW and 118% FBW with the phase balance at ±2.5°.
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Sowjanya, A., and D. Vakula. "Design of C band Bandpass Filter using Fractal based Symmetrical Ring Resonator." Advanced Electromagnetics 11, no. 3 (2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v11i3.1851.
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Symmetrical ring resonator metamaterial along with fractal boundary is proposed for Band Pass Filter (BPF) design in this paper. A combination of symmetrical ring resonators and vias is used for designing a bandpass filter. Bandpass filter with low insertion loss, better fractional bandwidth even at higher frequencies is achieved by using moore fractal applied symmetrical ring metamaterial resonators along the microstrip transmission line. The operating frequency range of the simulated filter is in the C-band between 5.47 GHz - 6 GHz having fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 9.25% and with a minimum insertion loss of 1.2 dB. Application of moore fractal to the above implementation improved the bandwidth of the filter. Fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator simulated filter operates in the C-band between 7.15 GHz - 8.15 GHz having FBW of 13%, with a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB. The proposed filter is simulated, fabricated and S-parameters are measured using network analyzer N5222A. S-parameters results of fractal applied symmetrical ring resonator filter realized from simulations match closely with those from measurements results performed on prototypes but with a small shift in a frequency range. The measured filter operates in 6.95 GHz - 7.8 GHz having FBW of 11.5%, with a minimum insertion loss of 0.4 dB.
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Wu, Gangxiong, Hao Wu, Wei Qin, et al. "Design of a Switchable Filter for Reflectionless-Bandpass-to-Reflectionless-Bandstop Responses." Micromachines 14, no. 2 (2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14020424.
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In this paper, a switchable filter based on the microstrip line (ML) with reflectionless-bandpass-to-reflectionless-bandstop responses is designed, theoretically validated, and fabricated. This single-port reflectionless bandpass filter (R-BPF) consists of a BPF and a shunt-connected bandstop section with terminated absorption resistors. The single-port reflectionless bandstop filter (R-BSF) is made of a BSF and a parallel bandpass circuit with terminated absorption resistors. These two reflectionless operational modes, namely R-BPF and R-BSF, are allowed to reconfigure the multifunctional filtering device using PIN diodes. In addition, a theoretical analysis of terminal impedance is performed to illustrate the working mechanism of the reflectionless response. To demonstrate the application of the proposed designs, a prototype of the switchable filter for R-BPF to R-BSF responses is fabricated and measured. For the R-BPF mode, the 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) is 36.75% (1.67–2.42 GHz) with a 10-dB reflectionless bandwidth (RBW) of 1.36–2.58 GHz (i.e., FBW of 61.9%). For the R-BSF mode, the 10-dB bandwidth is 13% (1.85–2.11 GHz) with a 10.7-dB RBW of 1–3 GHz (i.e., FBW of 100%). An acceptable agreement between the measured and simulated results has been achieved.
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Choi, Jin-Young, Jun-Seok Ma, and Wook-Sung Kim. "Reconfigurable Wideband Bandpass Filter Using Stepped Impedance Resonator Based on Liquid Crystals." Electronics 14, no. 12 (2025): 2325. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14122325.
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In this paper, a capacitively coupled-fed reconfigurable wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed based on liquid crystal (LC) technology, which achieved three transmission poles across varying bias voltages (VB). An open-ended stepped impedance resonator configuration enables multi-mode resonance, offering significantly wider bandwidth compared to uniform-impedance resonators. The fractional bandwidth (FBW) and transmission pole positions are determined by the impedance ratio of the two resonators, allowing the filter to meet specific design requirements. An analytical methodology employing multilayer transmission line formulations and resonant frequency ratios was used to predict the modal stability of transmission poles under dielectric constant variation, which was subsequently validated through simulation. Experimental results show that the center frequency can be adjusted from 10.76 to 9.47 GHz with a maximum VB of 30 V, achieving a tuning range of 12.71%. The normalized 3 dB FBW exceeds 64.66%, and the return loss remains above 10 dB from 0 to 30 V, offering the widest FBW among the reported LC BPFs without pole merging or mode collapse. The frequency response of the fabricated filter shows good agreement with the simulation results.
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Bilal, Muhammad, Sara Shahid, Yousuf Khan, et al. "A Miniaturized FSS-Based Eight-Element MIMO Antenna Array for Off/On-Body WBAN Telemetry Applications." Electronics 11, no. 4 (2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040522.
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In this paper, a compact multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for an off/on-body wireless body area network (WBAN) is presented. The proposed antenna comprises eight elements arranged in a side-by-side, orthogonal, and across configuration on a planar laminate. This MIMO system achieves wideband impedance matching, i.e., fractional bandwidth (FBW) = 111% (7600 MHz) when placed off-body and FBW = 110% (7500 MHz) when placed on-body. The achieved bandwidth covers the ultrawideband (UWB) ranges 3.1–10.6 GHz for UWB-WBANs. To isolate the antenna elements, a Jerusalem cross (JC)-shaped frequency-selective surface (FSS) and meandered structure (MS) was designed and optimized. This proposed isolation mechanism offers at least 20 dB of isolation while maintaining an overall compact profile. Moreover, MIMO performance parameters for off/on-body and the specific absorption rate (SAR) were also evaluated. Stable MIMO performance, acceptable limits of SAR, and optimum radiation characteristics verify its suitability for wideband biotelemetry applications.
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Kakoyiannis, Constantine G., and Philip Constantinou. "Compact, Slotted, Printed Antennas for Dual-Band Communication in Future Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873234.
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Inverted-F antennas (IFAs) are a primary choice to implement the radiating system of portable devices. A tried and tested idea can remain topical if proven useful in modern applications. This paper shows that printed IFAs (PIFAs) are capable of forming robust, compact, dual-band radiating systems for wireless microsensors with an adjustable spacing between bands. Reactive tuning was applied by inductively loading the structures with prefractal slots; inductive slot loading degenerates higher-order resonances and increases the fractional bandwidth (FBW). The current distributions revealed that most of the element area is used for radiation at both resonances. In radiation terms, the antennas provide satisfactory gains and high efficiencies (≥82%). A simple figure of merit is used to compare the performance of the three PIFAs head to head. Operation at 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz indicated that changes in slot geometry almost double the FBW. The proposed antennas serve both the 5.15–5.35 GHz U-NII and the 5.8 GHz ISM bands; at the lower band, their size is less or equal to the half-wavelength dipole. This study of dual-band antennas also showed that the aggregate FBW of a PIFA is bounded; by degenerating higher-order modes, the designer redistributes whatever bandwidth is available by the antenna itself to the desired bands.
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Yoon, Kicheol, and Kwanggi Kim. "Compact Size of an Interdigital Band-Pass Filter with Flexible Bandwidth and Low Insertion-Loss Using a Folded Spiral and Stepped Impedance Resonant Structure." Electronics 10, no. 16 (2021): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10162003.
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A conventional interdigital bandpass filter (BPF) is characterized by coupled and tapped lines and affords low insertion loss (IL) and easy fractional bandwidth (FBW) adjustment. However, the maximum FBW of the filter is limited to 30%, beyond that, its gap size increases, thereby rendering filter fabrication impractical on a standard printed circuit board. In addition, the filter size cannot be changed because it dictates the operational frequency of the filter. Hence, in this study, we propose a compact interdigital BPF based on a spiral and folded stepped impedance resonator (SIR), which affords low IL and excellent group delay. The spiral, folded structure facilitates drastic FBW adjustment: the center frequency and adjustable range of the FBW of the designed BPF are 800 MHz and 80 to 180%, respectively. Additionally, the proposed BPF can adjust the FBW by k-factor which can adjust from 80 to 180%. The insertion and return losses of the proposed filter are 0.043 dB and 17.1 dB, respectively, and the group delay is 0.098 ns. The total filter size is only 13.8 mm × 5.98 mm, which corresponds to a size reduction by factors of >2/8 relative to a conventional filter and 2.1 relative to the latest BPF design. The group delay difference between the BPF and other filters is 0.15 ns. In addition, the range of adjustable FBW for the filter is 1.36 times different than for other filters.
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Lalbakhsh, Ali, Seyed Morteza Alizadeh, Amirhossein Ghaderi, et al. "A Design of a Dual-Band Bandpass Filter Based on Modal Analysis for Modern Communication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 11 (2020): 1770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111770.
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A dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) composed of a coupling structure and a bent T-shaped resonator loaded by small L-shaped stubs is presented in this paper. The first band of the proposed BPF covers 4.6 to 10.6 GHz, showing 78.9% fractional bandwidth (FBW) at 7.6 GHz, and the second passband is cantered at 11.5 GHz with a FBW of 2.34%. The bent T-shaped resonator generates two transmission zeros (TZs) near the wide passband edges, which are used to tune the bandwidth of the first band, and the L-shaped stubs are used to create and control the narrow passband. The selectivity performance of the BPF is analyzed using the transfer function extracted from the lumped circuit model verified by a detailed even/odd mode analysis. The BPF presents a flat group delay (GD) of 0.45 ns and an insertion loss (IL) less than 0.6 dB in the wide passband and a 0.92 IL in the narrow passband. A prototype of the proposed BPF is fabricated and tested, showing very good agreement between the numerically predicted and measured results.
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Dembele, Salif N., Ting Zhang, Jingfu Bao, and Denis Bukuru. "Compact microstrip bandpass filter using dual closed-loop stepped impedance resonator." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 4 (2018): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000405.
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AbstractA dual closed-loop stepped impedance resonator (DCLSIR) is investigated and used in designing a compact microstrip bandpass filter (BPF). The proposed DCLSIR is symmetrical; as a result, the symmetric characteristics of the resonator have been used. The design equations are derived and used to support the circuit design. The center frequency, position of transmission zeros, and fractional bandwidth (FBW) are easily tuned by changing the physical dimensions of the resonator. Three transmission zeros are generated to improve the performance in the upper stopband. A DCLSIR prototype BPF is fabricated with a center frequency of 9.3 GHz, and evaluated to validate the design concept. The measured FBW is 9.25%, the insertion loss is 1.58 dB, and the return loss is over 17 dB. The measurement results agree well with the simulation results.
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Huang, Yong Mao, Haiyan Jin, Yuliang Zhou, Supeng Leng, and Maurizio Bozzi. "Wideband isolation-improved substrate-integrated waveguide power dividers/combiners." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 9 (2018): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718000995.
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AbstractIn this paper, a 3 dB H-plane substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) power divider/combiner with improved isolation is reported. By adding two isolated ports into the Y-junction, it will perform like a multi-port coupler, so that the isolation between its dividing ports can be effectively improved as the newly-added ports are properly matched. To verify the availability and effectiveness of this concept, two prototypes, one is terminated by coaxial terminations and the other is loaded with lumped resistors, are developed. Their measured results are separately in good agreement with their corresponding simulations. Meanwhile, isolations better than 16 dB with fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 35 and 25% are achieved, respectively, as well as low phase and amplitude imbalances. Compared with some reported similar SIW power dividers, the proposed ones exhibit wider FBW with similar isolation, insertion loss, phase, and amplitude balance performance.
Book chapters on the topic "Fractional bandwidth (FBW)"
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Awad, Ehab. "Infrared Nano-Focusing by a Novel Plasmonic Bundt Optenna." In Plasmonics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104695.
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Infrared optical detection devices such as photodetectors, solar cells, cameras, and microbolometers are becoming smaller in size with a tiny active area in the range of a few micrometers or even nanometers. That comes at the expense of a smaller aperture area of the device, and in turn inefficient collection of infrared energy. Therefore, infrared plasmonic optical antennas are becoming essential to efficiently collect optical energy from free space and concentrate it down to the device’s tiny area. However, it is desirable to develop plasmonic antennas with a broad bandwidth, polarization insensitivity, wide field-of-view, and reasonable plasmonic losses. That ensures collection of most incident infrared radiation and enhancement of power absorption efficiency. In this chapter, some types of plasmonic antennas are explored with an emphasis on innovative type of optical antenna called Bundt Optenna. We investigate Bundt Optenna design and optimization. This antenna has a novel shape that looks like a Bundt baking pan and it is made of gold. Several Bundt unit cells can be arranged in a periodic array that is placed on top of a thin-film infrared absorbing layer. The Bundt Optenna utilizes surface plasmons to squeeze both electric and magnetic fields of infrared radiation down to a 50 nm wide area, thus enhancing absorption efficiency within an underneath thin-film layer. The Optenna demonstrates polarization insensitivity and ultra-broad bandwidth with a large fractional bandwidth within the near, short-wave, and mid-wave infrared bands. It also shows a remarkable enhanced power absorption efficiency and a wide field-of-view.
Conference papers on the topic "Fractional bandwidth (FBW)"
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Olbright, G. R., B. D. Fluegel, S. W. Koch, and N. Peyghambarian. "Femtosecond Dynamics of Electron-Hole Plasma in Semiconductor Microcrystallite Doped Glass." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.tuc7.
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Using high repitition rate femtosecond pump-probe techniques we examine the thermalization of carriers injected a few LO phonon energies above the band in a CdS0.24Se0.76 microcrystallite doped glass. The ouput of a balanced CPM ring dye laser is amplified with a copper vapor laser at 7.3 kHz to 2-μJ energy and 200-fs duration. A fraction of the amplified pulse at 6200 Å is used as a pump pulse while the remainder is focused to 1013 W cm-2 on an ethylene glycol jet producing a broad-bandwidth probe pulse. For various pump-probe delays the transmission of a 750-μm thick sample is measured. As shown in fig 1a., a red shift of the absorption edge is observed in < 100 fs at wavelengths in the vicinity of the band gap. This is due to the combined effects of band gap renormalization and tail state broadening. After +300 fs a prominent shift of the absorption edge toward higher energies is observed. This suggests that carriers have relaxed to the bottom of the band in a few hundred femtoseconds and initiated bandfilling. The blue shift of the absorption spectrum is in agreement with a steady state measurement reported previously.1 Finally, after a few picoseconds the band-edge shift begins to recover via electron-hole recombination with nearly complete recovery after +40 ps. We observe a small residual shift which persists for > 500 ps, attributed to carriers confined to traps.
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Şentürk, Berkant, and Hüsnügül Yılmaz Atay. "Production of Radar Absorbing Composite Materials Using Carbon Nanotubes." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.046.
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In order to increase the combat effectiveness of any platform or long-range munition in use today, it is necessary to reduce its visibility to radar. In this sense, important development in radar systems started after World War II. The interaction between electromagnetic waves at radar frequencies and different materials was investigated, electromagnetic radiation absorption mechanism; it has been observed that the materials consist of electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties. In line with this information, radar absorbing material design studies gained momentum. A significant development in radar systems of stealth technology made radar absorbing materials RAMs gaining a long-standing interest as a possible way to disguise aircrafts and submarines from radar systems. Carbon nanotubes and magnetic materials such as Fe, Ni, and Co have attracted researchers' significant interest as radar absorbers. In recent years, numerous studies have been made using carbon nanotubes due to their unique properties. However, few studies have considered the influence of both particle size and weight fraction. This work aims to produce material with unique properties such as solid absorption, low weight/thickness, and cost-effective, minimizing the reflection of electromagnetic waves using a polymeric composite structure reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes with different particles sizes of 8 nm,18 nm, and 78 nm were mixed with polyester in different weight fractions of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Three different composites structures were prepared in single, double, and three layers. Composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, and network analyzer in the frequency range of 8 to12 GHz. According to the results, it was observed that radar absorption increased with the increase in grain size, but the number of layers had no linear effect on the results. Network analyzer results show that the minimum reflection loss value at 9.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm is −33.1 dB, and the effective bandwidth is 9.9 GHz. Multi-layer carbon nanotubes composites might be a potential radar absorber because of their flexibility to adjust their absorption band to fit different applications in different frequency bands by modifying their particle sizes and weight.