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Journal articles on the topic 'Fractionated crystallization'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Liu, Chengfang, Aiguo Sui, Qilin Wang, Hongkun Tian, Yanhou Geng, and Donghang Yan. "Fractionated crystallization of polydisperse polyfluorenes." Polymer 54, no. 13 (June 2013): 3150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.025.

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2

Sangroniz, Leire, Bao Wang, Yunlan Su, Guoming Liu, Dario Cavallo, Dujin Wang, and Alejandro J. Müller. "Fractionated crystallization in semicrystalline polymers." Progress in Polymer Science 115 (April 2021): 101376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101376.

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3

Xu, Aoshuang, Fenglei Li, Howard Robinson, and Edward S. Yeung. "Can Protein Conformers Be Fractionated by Crystallization?" Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 13 (June 12, 2013): 6372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac400762x.

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4

Tang, Tao, and Baotong Huang. "Fractionated crystallization in polyolefins–nylon 6 blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 53, no. 3 (July 18, 1994): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070530313.

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5

Yordanov, Chr, and L. Minkova. "Fractionated crystallization of compatibilized LDPE/PA6 blends." European Polymer Journal 41, no. 3 (March 2005): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2004.10.034.

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6

Müller, A. J., V. Balsamo, M. L. Arnal, T. Jakob, H. Schmalz, and V. Abetz. "Homogeneous Nucleation and Fractionated Crystallization in Block Copolymers†." Macromolecules 35, no. 8 (April 2002): 3048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma012026w.

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7

Kohn, P., S. Huettner, U. Steiner, and M. Sommer. "Fractionated Crystallization of Defect-Free Poly(3-hexylthiophene)." ACS Macro Letters 1, no. 10 (September 18, 2012): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz3003769.

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8

Li, Qiang, Shangxian Xie, Wilson K. Serem, Mandar T. Naik, Li Liu, and Joshua S. Yuan. "Quality carbon fibers from fractionated lignin." Green Chemistry 19, no. 7 (2017): 1628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6gc03555h.

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A strategy was developed to produce quality carbon fibers from industrial waste lignin. The strategy employs an enzyme-mediator system to efficiently fractionate lignin into soluble and insoluble fractions, where the latter serves as a superior carbon fiber precursor. Mechanistic studies revealed that higher MW, less hydroxy groups, and more β-O-4 linkages improve the spinnability, crystallization, and mechanical performance of carbon fibers.

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9

Chen, Sisi, Qian Liu, Honghui Wang, Bo Zhu, Fang Yu, Guo-Qiang Chen, and Yoshio Inoue. "Polymorphic crystallization of fractionated microbial medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates." Polymer 50, no. 18 (August 2009): 4378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.011.

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10

Jin, Y., A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets produced by nanolayer breakup." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 45, no. 10 (2007): 1138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21146.

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11

Langhe, Deepak S., Jong K. Keum, Anne Hiltner, and Eric Baer. "Fractionated crystallization of α- and β-nucleated polypropylene droplets." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 49, no. 2 (October 13, 2010): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.22162.

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12

Podchong, Pawitchaya, Chin Ping Tan, Sopark Sonwai, and Dérick Rousseau. "Composition and crystallization behavior of solvent-fractionated palm stearin." International Journal of Food Properties 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 496–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1425701.

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13

Byelov, D. V., M. C. D. Mourad, I. Snigireva, A. Snigirev, A. V. Petukhov, and H. N. W. Lekkerkerker. "Experimental Observation of Fractionated Crystallization in Polydisperse Platelike Colloids." Langmuir 26, no. 10 (May 18, 2010): 6898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la100993k.

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14

Bartlett, Paul. "Fractionated crystallization in a polydisperse mixture of hard spheres." Journal of Chemical Physics 109, no. 24 (December 22, 1998): 10970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477753.

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15

Bibette, J. "Depletion interactions and fractionated crystallization for polydisperse emulsion purification." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 147, no. 2 (December 1991): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(91)90181-7.

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16

Magharbeh, Mousa K., Tayel A. Al-Hujran, Saied M. I. Al-Dalaen, and Abdul-Wahab R. Hamad. "Assessment of Paronychia Argentea Extraction on Kidney Stone by Using Calcium Oxalate Method." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 1745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2049.

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Urinary calculi are stones (urolithiasis) that can form anywhere in urinary tract outside of the kidneys and mostly composed of calcium oxalate and phosphate, additionally with elevated throughout the last two decades in the world. Chemical composition plays a major part in nephrolithiasis. Therefore, the high concentrations of lithogenic substances in urine enhance the crystallization method in urine tract system. The most kidney stones form from calcium oxalate, the present study was inspected the effect of the crude aqueous extract as well as the fractionated methanol extract (ethyl acetate, isopropanol, acetone and methanol residue) of paronychia argentea on the crystallization of calcium oxalate salts. The effect of aqueous extract and fractionated methanol extract on the size, number, type of calcium oxalate crystals. Paronychia argentea both the crude aqueous and the fractionated extract, especially ethyl acetate fraction have antiurolithic activity via reducing crystal size as well as activate the formation of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals out from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) with increasing concentration of extract. The shifting of crystallization process to producing calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) rather than oxalate monohydrate (COM) and the reducing the crystal size and calcium ion concentration, in addition to the diuretic action of extract plays an important role in controlling urolithiasis.

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17

Liu, Qing, Quanlin Hou, Liewen Xie, Hui Li, Shanqin Ni, and Yudong Wu. "Different Origins of the Fractionation of Platinum-Group Elements in Raobazhai and Bixiling Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks from the Dabie Orogen, Central China." Journal of Geological Research 2012 (July 11, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/631426.

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Concentrations of the platinum group elements (PGEs), including Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd, have been determined for both Raobazhai and Bixiling mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Dabie Orogen by fire assay method. Geochemical compositions suggest that the Raobazhai mafic-ultramafic rocks represent mantle residues after variable degrees of partial melting. They show consistent PGE patterns, in which the IPGEs (i.e., Ir and Ru) are strongly enriched over the PPGEs (i.e., Pt and Pd). Both REE and PGE data of the Raobazhai mafic-ultramafic rocks suggest that they have interacted with slab-derived melts during subduction and/or exhumation. The Bixiling ultramafic rocks were produced through fractional crystallization and cumulation from magmas, which led to the fractionated PGE patterns. During fractional crystallization, Pd is in nonsulfide phases, whereas both Ir and Ru must be compatible in some mantle phases. We suggest that the PGE budgets of the ultramafic rocks could be fractionated by interaction with slab-derived melts and fractional crystallization processes.

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18

TURIMUMAHORO, Denis, Niels HULSBOSCH, Louis NAHIMANA, Stijn DEWAELE, and Philippe MUCHEZ. "Géochimie des muscovites comme indicateur du fractionnement des pegmatites de la région de Kabarore-Mparamirundi (nord-ouest du Burundi, Afrique centrale) [Geochemical signature of muscovites as pathfinder for fractionation of pegmatites in the Kabarore-Mparamirundi area (northwestern Burundi, Central Africa)]." Geologica Belgica 23, no. 1-2 (May 20, 2020): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.005.

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The Kabarore-Mparamirundi area hosts numerous pegmatites spatiotemporally related to leucogranites dated at 986 ± 10 Ma in Karagwe-Ankole belt. The deposits are intensively exploited for columbite-tantalite and cassiterite. Alkali metals in muscovite (Rb 370–7590 ppm, Cs 8–1470 ppm) are modeled by Rayleigh fractional crystallization from a parental leucogranitic composition (K 4.1 wt%, Rb 321 ppm and Cs 9 ppm). The power law declining behavior of the ratio K/Rb versus Cs indicates the Rayleigh fractional crystallization as the main process of differentiation of the various pegmatite facies. Moreover, the continuous trend from granite to the most evolved, exploited pegmatites demonstrates a co-genetic link among them. The fractionation model shows that unmined and abandoned pegmatites are less fractionated (less than 94% of fractionation) while mined pegmatites are highly fractionated and constitute fractionated products of more than 94% of the initial leucogranite composition. The Rb, Cs, Ta, Sn and Li elements in muscovite can be used as a valuable tool in the exploration of fertile and sterile pegmatites in this area.

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19

TOSAKA, Masatoshi, Masahiro FURUTANI, Masaki TSUJI, Yuko IKEDA, Shinzo KOHJIYA, Dhirayos WITITSUWANNAKUL, Rapapun WITITSUWANNAKUL, Kuniaki NAGAYAMA, and Radostin DANEV. "Strain-Induced Crystallization of Fractionated Natural Rubber from Fresh Latex." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 58, no. 1 (2009): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.58.5.

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20

Häußler, Liane, Gisela Pompe, Dieter Lehmann, and Uwe Lappan. "Fractionated crystallization in blends of functionalized poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and polyamide." Macromolecular Symposia 164, no. 1 (February 2001): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3900(200102)164:1<411::aid-masy411>3.0.co;2-h.

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21

Ding, Ming-ming, Xiao-ting Fu, Jing Cao, Qin Zhang, Chang-yue Yang, and Qiang Fu. "FRACTIONATED CRYSTALLIZATION OF HDPE IN PS/POE/HDPE/SBS BLENDS." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 26, no. 06 (2008): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0256767908003485.

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22

Ikkala, O. T., R. M. Holsti-Miettinen, and J. Seppälä. "Effects of compatibilization on fractionated crystallization of PA6/PP blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49, no. 7 (August 15, 1993): 1165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490705.

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23

Mello, Natália Aparecida, Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro, and Juliano Lemos Bicas. "Delaying crystallization in single fractionated palm olein with limonene addition." Food Research International 145 (July 2021): 110387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110387.

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24

Warsito, Warsito, Jumina Jumina, Chairil Anwar, Rurini Retnowati, Ahmad Ghanaim, and Suleman Duengo. "ENRICHMENT OF α-( ALPHA) LINOLENIC ACID OF BASIL SEED OIL, Ocinum Basillium L. BY FRACTIONAL CRYSTALIZATION AND CRYSTALIZATION IN UREA INCLUSION COMPLEXES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 11, no. 1 (July 12, 2011): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21415.

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Enrichment of α-(alpha) linolenic acid (ALA) of basil seed oil, Ocinum basilicum L. can be done by fractional crystalization and crystalization of fatty acid in urea inclusion complexes (UIC) methods. In this research, the ALA of fatty acid of basil seed oil was fractionated by fractional crystallization in methanol solution at -3, -13 and -25 °C and by crystallization in urea solution (ratio 1:2) at 4, 2, -6 and -8 °C. The ALA percentages were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that percentage of ALA obtained from fractional crystallization at -25 °C increase from 65.16 to 91.40, and acquired from UIC is 98.8 at 2 °C

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25

Soleimanian, Yasamin, Mohammad A. Sahari, and Mohsen Barzegar. "Influence of processing parameters on physicochemical properties of fractionated fish oil at low temperature crystallization." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-05-2014-0038.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of low temperature fractional crystallization to increase polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content of fish oil. Effects of temperature, stages of crystallization, rate of cooling, agitation and addition of primary nucleus on separation efficiency were evaluated. Low temperature crystallization of triacylglycerols (TAGs) was used to increase PUFA content of fish oil (initial PUFA content ∼30 g/100 g oil). Design/methodology/approach – To optimize the fractionation process, the effect of fractionation temperature (7, 5, 0 and −5°C), crystallization procedures, cooling rate, agitation and addition of primary nucleus on PUFA content was evaluated. Findings – The best relationship between PUFA concentration (45.8 g/100 g oil) and PUFA yield (51.5 per cent) was attained by performing two-stage crystallization of TAGs at the final temperatures of 5 and 0°C under slow cooling rate (3°C h−1 for first fractionation procedure and 0.7°C h−1 for second stage, until the final fractionation temperature, 0°C, was reached) and slow agitation (3 rpm) and in the presence of primary nucleus, which resulted in 50 per cent increase in PUFA content over the original fish oil. Practical implications – Determination of iodine and saponification values, refractive index, solid fat content, melting point, cholesterol content of original oil and final fractionated product with the highest PUFA ratio showed that fractionation significantly alters physical and chemical properties of the fraction. Originality/value – Comparison of iodine value, saponification value, refractive index, solid fat content, melting point and cholesterol content of original oil and the final fractionated product (with the highest PUFA ratio) showed that the fractionation process significantly alters mentioned properties of the initial oil.

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26

Castillo, R. V., M. L. Arnal, A. J. Müller, I. W. Hamley, V. Castelletto, H. Schmalz, and V. Abetz. "Fractionated Crystallization and Fractionated Melting of Confined PEO Microdomains in PB-b-PEO and PE-b-PEO Diblock Copolymers." Macromolecules 41, no. 3 (February 2008): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0718907.

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27

Arnal, María L., Mireya E. Matos, Rosa A. Morales, Orlando O. Santana, and Alejandro J. Müller. "Evaluation of the fractionated crystallization of dispersed polyolefins in a polystyrene matrix." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 2275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19981001)199:10<2275::aid-macp2275>3.0.co;2-#.

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28

Balsamo, Vittoria, and Laura M. Gouveia. "Interplay of fractionated crystallization and morphology in polypropylene/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 45, no. 11 (2007): 1365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21137.

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29

Jin, Y., A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Effect of a sorbitol nucleating agent on fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 45, no. 14 (2007): 1788–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.21195.

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30

Avella, Maurizio, Ezio Martuscelli, and Maria Raimo. "The fractionated crystallization phenomenon in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends." Polymer 34, no. 15 (January 1993): 3234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90396-r.

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31

Botet, Robert, Bernard Cabane, Lucas Goehring, Joaquim Li, and Franck Artzner. "How do polydisperse repulsive colloids crystallize?" Faraday Discussions 186 (2016): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00145e.

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A modified version of the Gibbs-ensemble Monte-Carlo method reveals how polydisperse charged colloidal particles can build complex colloidal crystals. It provides general rules that are applicable to this fractionated crystallization that stems from size segregation. It explains the spontaneous formation of complex crystals with very large unit-cells in suspensions of nanoparticles with a broad size distribution.

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32

Bao, Jianna, Xiaolei Dong, Shichang Chen, Wangyang Lu, Xianming Zhang, and Wenxing Chen. "Fractionated crystallization and fractionated melting behaviors of poly(ethylene glycol) induced by poly(lactide) stereocomplex in their block copolymers and blends." Polymer 190 (March 2020): 122189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122189.

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33

Liu, Chengfang, Qilin Wang, Hongkun Tian, Jian Liu, Yanhou Geng, and Donghang Yan. "Insight into lamellar crystals of monodisperse polyfluorenes – Fractionated crystallization and the crystal's stability." Polymer 54, no. 3 (February 2013): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.054.

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34

Jin, Y., A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Effect of an organic dicarboxylic acid salt on fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 105, no. 6 (2007): 3260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26584.

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35

Shi, Dean, Jinghua Yin, Zhuo Ke, Ying Gao, and R. KY Li. "Fractionated crystallization of dispersed PA6 phase of PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6 blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 91, no. 6 (2004): 3742–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.13524.

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36

Xu, Yao, Chen-Guang Liu, Hua-Rong Nie, and Ai-Hua He. "Fractionated and Confined Crystallization of Polybutene-1 in Immiscible Polypropylene/Polybutene-1 Blends." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 36, no. 7 (February 13, 2018): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2103-1.

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37

Tarasova, E., T. Poltimäe, A. Krumme, A. Lehtinen, and A. Viikna. "Triple crystallization behavior of fractionated ethylene/α-olefin copolymers of different catalyst type." Journal of Polymer Research 18, no. 2 (February 23, 2010): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-010-9408-2.

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38

Alim, MA, JH Lee, CR Lee, CC Akoh, and KT Lee. "Characterization of Solvent-Fractionated Mustard Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography." Progressive Agriculture 19, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17364.

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Mustard oil (MO) was fractionated at low temperature with acetone. The liquid fraction obtained at -24°C, showed higher levels of oleic (24.7%) and linoleic (22.0%) acids, and lower level of erucic acid (24.5%) compared to other fractions. The lowest temperature (-24°C) was most effective for lowering the level of erucic acid through crystallization of triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. One purpose of this study was to obtain erucic acid reduced fractions because erucic acid has undesirable effect on human health. The result suggested that erucic acid could be separates as solid fraction thereby better reduction of erucic acid would be possible at lower temperature.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17364 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 135 - 141, 2008

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39

Mbarek, Souad, Mohamed Jaziri, Yvan Chalamet, Boubaker Elleuch, and Christian Carrot. "Dispersed phase morphology and fractionated crystallization of high-density polyethylene in PET/HDPE blends." International Journal of Material Forming 2, no. 1 (October 29, 2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0386-4.

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40

Arul, Joseph, Armand Boudreau, Joseph Makhlouf, Rene Tardif, and Benoit Grenier. "Distribution of cholesterol in milk fat fractions." Journal of Dairy Research 55, no. 3 (August 1988): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900028624.

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SummaryMilk fat was fractionated into liquid (m.p. ⋍ 12 °C), intermediate (m.p. ⋍ 21 °C) and solid (m.p. ⋍ 39 °C) fractions by three different processes—melt crystallization, short-path distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction—and the cholesterol content of these fractions determined. Cholesterol was enriched in the liquid fractions from all three processes, in particular about 80% of the cholesterol being found in the liquid fraction obtained by short-path distillation. The basis of migration of cholesterol into various milk fat fractions was explained by its affinity to various triglycerides (melt crystallization) and by vapour pressure and molecular weight (short-path distillation). It was more complex in the supercritical CO2 extraction process; the interplay of cholesterol affinity toward CO2 and its molar volume, and its vapour pressure enhancement under applied pressure play a role.

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41

Belkasmi, M., M. Cuney, P. J. Pollard, and A. Bastoul. "Chemistry of the Ta-Nb-Sn-W oxide minerals from the Yichun rare metal granite (SE China): genetic implications and comparison with Moroccan and French Hercynian examples." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 3 (June 2000): 507–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549391.

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AbstractIn the Yichun granite complex (SE China), columbite group minerals, microlite and cassiterite are the main Nb, Ta, Sn-bearing minerals. They are mainly concentrated in the uppermost albite-lepidolite granite. Rutile is the only Nb, Ta-bearing phase in the geochemically primitive muscovite-zinnwaldite granite. The chemical evolution of the columbite group minerals (the most abundant and commonly zoned Nb, Ta-bearing minerals) indicates a complex crystallization history of the host granites with: (1) fractional crystallization at depth, reflected by a strong increase of Mn/(Mn+Fe) ratios with a moderate increase of Ta/(Ta+Nb) ratios from the muscovite-zinnwaldite granite to the Li-mica granite and then the most fractionated topaz-lepidolite granite; and (2) emplacement of successive magma batches corresponding to the different units of the granite complex with progressive crystallization of each unit, mainly reflected by a strong increase of Ta/(Ta+Nb) ratios with moderate variation of Mn/(Mn+Fe) ratios during the growth of the zoned crystals. The data are compared with those from the RMG of Ezzirari (Morocco), Montebras, Beauvoir and Chèdeville (France).

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42

Pimbert, S. "Fractionated Crystallization and Morphology in Binary Blends of Isotactic PP and HDPE with Cycloolefin Copolymers." International Polymer Processing 19, no. 1 (March 2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.1801.

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43

Bose, Suryasarathi, Arup R. Bhattacharyya, Pravin V. Kodgire, and Ashok Misra. "Fractionated crystallization in PA6/ABS blends: Influence of a reactive compatibilizer and multiwall carbon nanotubes." Polymer 48, no. 1 (January 2007): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.019.

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44

Langhe, Deepak S., Anne Hiltner, and Eric Baer. "Effect of additives, catalyst residues, and confining substrates on the fractionated crystallization of polypropylene droplets." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 125, no. 3 (January 20, 2012): 2110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.36300.

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45

Manaure, A. C., R. A. Morales, J. J. S�nchez, and A. J. M�ller. "Rheological and calorimetric evidences of the fractionated crystallization of iPP dispersed in ethylene/?-olefin copolymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 66, no. 13 (December 26, 1997): 2481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19971226)66:13<2481::aid-app11>3.0.co;2-0.

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46

Lu, Chao, Shuang Qiu, Xueping Wang, Xinyi He, Leping Dang, and Zhanzhong Wang. "Contrastive analysis of lipid composition and thermal and crystallization behavior of olein/stearin fractionated by novel layer melt crystallization from palm oil." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101, no. 10 (February 4, 2021): 4350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11075.

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47

Mvondo, H., D. Lentz, and M. Bardoux. "Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the igneous rocks in the Elu Link between Hope Bay and Elu greenstone belts, northeast Slave craton: tectonic setting and implications for gold mineralization." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 2 (February 2013): 148–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0092.

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Geological investigation of the rocks in the Elu Link has provided new information on the geodynamic origin of the Neoarchean (ca. 2716–2663 Ma) Hope Bay and Elu granite–greenstone belts. Stratigraphic and geochemical features of these rocks and those of the nearby Flake Lake area in the Hope Bay belt suggest that the two greenstone belts are contiguous, having similar mafic-dominated bimodal rocks comprising abundant basalts to andesites and less common dacites and rhyolites hosting gabbroic and trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite (TTG) intrusions. The corresponding parental magmas, whose evolution likely occurred via fractional crystallization and juvenile crustal contamination, formed from both deep and shallow mantle sources. The basalts, andesites, gabbros, and felsic volcanic rocks are variably tholeiitic to calc-alkaline. Chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized profiles demonstrate (1) flat to slightly fractionated heavy rare-earth element (HREE) patterns with a weak negative Eu anomaly and (2) light rare-earth element (LREE) enriched and strongly fractionated HREE patterns with variable negative to positive Eu anomalies. In contrast, TTG rocks are calc-alkaline, with strong LREE enrichment, HREE depletion, and variable positive Eu anomalies. Altogether, the rocks exhibit Nb and Ti troughs, and variable Nb/Ta, La/Ta, and Zr/Hf ratios indicative of crustal contamination. Chalcophile elements and related ore deposits in the area are inferred to be formed from hydrothermal fluids mobilized during emplacement and after crystallization of their host rocks. An extensional, high-heat-flow back-arc tectonic environment is proposed to explain the stratigraphic and geochemical characteristics and the presence of large gold resources in these greenstone belts.

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48

Laycock, Bronwyn, Monica V. Arcos-Hernandez, Alexandra Langford, Jessica Buchanan, Peter J. Halley, Alan Werker, Paul A. Lant, and Steven Pratt. "Thermal properties and crystallization behavior of fractionated blocky and random polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixed microbial cultures." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 19 (May 7, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40836.

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49

Wyborn, D., and B. W. Chappell. "The petrogenetic significance of chemically related plutonic and volcanic rock units." Geological Magazine 123, no. 6 (November 1986): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024134.

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AbstractComagmatic granitic and volcanic rocks are divided into two types depending on whether or not the primary magma contains restite crystals. Examples of both of these types are discussed from the Lachlan Fold Belt of southeastern Australia.Volcanic rocks containing restite phenocrysts are chemically identical to the associated plutonic rocks containing the same amount of restite. The more mafic granitic rocks correspond in composition to the most phenocryst-rich volcanics (up to 60% phenocrysts), and thus cannot be cumulate rocks produced by fractional crystallization, but must represent true magma compositions. These restite-bearing magmas result from partial melting in a source region up to the rheological critical melt percentage, which we estimate to be about 40% in the S-type Hawkins Suite of volcanics.Melts which escape their restite at the source, before the critical melt percentage is reached, are able to undergo fractional crystallization in high level magma chambers by heterogeneous crystallization on chamber walls. In this case volcanic products from the top of the chamber are more felsic than the plutonic products, the plutonics are crystal cumulates and the volcanics are composed of the complementary fractionated liquid. Those phenocrysts present in the volcanics were probably eroded from the chamber walls and are less abundant (< 20%) than in the restite-retentive volcanic products.

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50

Lightfoot, Peter C., and Anthony J. Naldrett. "Assimilation and crystallization in basic magma chambers: trace-element and Nd-isotopic variations in the Kerns sill, Nipissing diabase province, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 737–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-061.

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An investigation has been made of the trace-element and Nd-isotopic effects of assimilation at the roof of the Proterozoic Kerns sill in the 2.2 Ga Nipissing diabase province in Ontario. The ratios Th/Zr, La/Zr, and U/Zr and the concentrations of incompatible elements all tend to increase with decreasing Mg#, Ni, and Cr. These variations have been simulated by computer models in which assimilation and fractionation are coupled (AFC) and the most fractionated magmas (identified by low Mg#, Ni, and Cr and by high incompatible-element concentrations) are also the most contaminated (indicated by higher Th/Zr, La/Zr, and U/Zr and lower 143Nd/144Ndo). The results suggest that the ratio (r) of the change of magma mass due to assimilation relative to the change due to fractionation gradually increased. The latent heat of crystallization may have contributed sufficient heat to melt the roof of the intrusion where ponded crustal melts were separated from the underlying basic magma by a double-diffusive interface. Field relations suggest that this interface was progressively destroyed by convective erosion; thus the degree of contamination increased as the magma became more fractionated. These results are consistent with laboratory investigations designed to simulate assimilation at the roof of basaltic magma chambers.

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