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Academic literature on the topic 'Fracturation hydraulique – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fracturation hydraulique – Simulation par ordinateur"
Descantes, Yannick. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des mécanismes gouvernant l'initiation et la propagation contrôlées de fractures dans le granite de Vire par injection quasi-statique d'eau." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0047.
Full textRock fracture controlled growth is fundamental for several industries, among which dimension stone, civil engineering and oil industries. Unfortunately, controlled fracture growth is not fully achieved yet and still requires some investigation. Controlled fracture growth is related to fracturing techniques; mainly mining and hydraulic fracturing that can be considered as techniques of crack initiation and propagation from a borehole using fluid pressure loading. Consequently, a theoretical and experimental analysis of the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation from a fluid pressurized borehole has been achieved. The analysis involved a review of previous work, conception and completion of a laboratory hydraulic fracturing testing program on granite blocks with specific instrumentation and a theoretical study of crack curvature involving anisotropy. The main experimental results are that cracks initiation and propagation around a borehole tend to be more symmetric with low injection rate, but also less simultaneous along the borehole's length. Cracks orientation seems to slightly deviate from expected plane of symmetry. With constant injection rate, cracks propagation occurs at constant or slightly increasing pressure. Crack speed control can be achieved using fine injection rate control. For a 12 mm borehole diameter with 4 mm grooves, the critical pressure lies between 7, 3 and 9,9 MPa. Maximum crack opening displacement measured during each test in several points, including points located inside the block, is in the order of a few tens of micrometers. From a theoretical standpoint, fracture curvature calculus doesn't exactly lead to the observed deviations, which are indeed very small. Nevertheless, anisotropic calculi show some sensibility to the variations of orthotropic model parameters, in the order of the observed deviations. Therefore the difference between anisotropic calculi results and observed deviations may not be significant
Zhang, Yulong. "Contribution à l'étude de déformation et de rupture des roches par une approche discrète." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I045/document.
Full textIn this work, a new bond model with nonlinear shear failure criterion is first proposed and implemented in PFC for describing mechanical behavior of isotropic cohesive granular materials such as sandstone. A large number of compression tests have been performed on 3D samples. The results show that the effect of confining pressure on compressive strength and failure pattern is well described by the proposed bond model. Effects of loading path and the intermediate principal stress on deformation and failure have been also investigated. After further extending parameters on elastic and strength, two bond models: the proposed bond model and the improved smooth joint model, are coupled to character the anisotropy of strength and deformation in anisotropic cohesive materials such as sedimentary rocks. A series of conventional triaxial compression tests with different loading paths have been performed and numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data, especially for elastic response and strength properties. The failure mode transformation between weakness layer and rock matrix under different confining pressures has been well described. Furthermore, the proposed bond model has been extended to study hydraulic fracturing process in cohesive materials. A representative hydraulic fracture propagation process has been presented. Influences of different factors, such as confining pressure, fluid viscosity and fluid injection rate, on hydraulic fracture extension have been investigated. Finally, we have developed a dimensional reconstruction method of block shape irregularity and studied its effects on block impacts using an energy based approach
Khadraoui, Sofiane. "Analyse des impacts environnementaux liés à l'exploitation des réservoirs non conventionnels." Thesis, Pau, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03969353.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impacts related to hydraulic fracturing operations by studying the adsorption mechanisms of chemicals additives used in fracturing fluids and to predict the evolution of these additives injected in large quantities into the shale. Based on the results obtained, it appears that bentonite has a high adsorption capacity of xanthan additive compared to other minerals contained in the shale. The three-model matrices bentonite, calcite and kaolinite have the same adsorption capacity of sp breaker additive. It also appears that xanthan is a biodegradable product, unlike sp breaker, which is a non-biodegradable product, requiring other treatment methods other than the biological method. These two results allowed us to conclude that Bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of return water for the elimination of the two products (xanthan and sp breaker), both of which are present in significant quantities in the return water (flow back) and present a fairly significant environmental problem. The results obtained by the rheology studies showed that the gelling agent (xanthan) has a high viscosity when applied under low shear stress and a low viscosity when applied under high shear stress. This shear stress tends to increase for the samples conserved for 24 hours and needs more energy to be injected into the shale. The water-gelling agent mixture behaves like a rheofluidifying fluid with a critical flow stress and flow is only observed when the applied shear stress is above this critical value. In addition, analytical, numerical and experimental hydraulic fracturing tests carried out in the laboratory on a number of cylindrical samples of synthesized PMMA showed that the flow rate and the initial crack size has more impact than viscosity on breakdown pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the analytical and numerical models compared to the experimental results. The results of the numerical simulation study are nearly the same as the experimental (real) results compared to the analytical study, because the analytical study only takes into account the depth of the crack, but the numerical simulation, which considers the shape of the semi-elliptical crack (half-length and depth). Key Words: shale, fracturing fluid, source rock, PMMA
Paul, Bertrand. "Modélisation de la propagation de fractures hydrauliques par la méthode des éléments finis étendue." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0182/document.
Full textThe permeability of rocks is widely affected by the presence of fractures as it establishes prevailing paths for the fluid flow. Natural cracks are then a critical factor for a reservoir productiveness. For low permeability rocks, stimulation techniques such as hydrofracturing have been experienced to enhance the permeability, so that the reservoir becomes profitable. In the opposite, when it comes to geological storage, the presence of cracks constitutes a major issue since it encourages the leak and migration of the material spread in the rock. In the case of CO2 storage, the scenario of leakage across the reservoir seal through cracks or revived faults is a matter of great concern. And as for nuclear waste storage, the fluid circulation in a fracture network around the storage cavity can obviously lead to the migration of toxic materials. It is then crucial to predict the effects of the presence of cracks in a reservoir. The main purpose of this work is the design of a numerical tool to simulate a crack network and its evolution under hydromechanical loading. To achieve this goal we chose the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) for its convenience, and a cohesive zone model to handle the crack tip area. The XFEM is a meshfree method that allows us to introduce cracks in the model without necessarily remeshing in case of crack propagation. The fluid flow in the crack as well as the exchanges between the porous rock and the crack are accounted for through an hydro-mechanical coupling. The model is validated with an analytical asymptotic solution for the propagation of a plane hydraulic fracture in a poroelastic media, in 2D as well as in 3D. Then we study the propagation of hydraulic fractures on non predefined paths. The cracks are initially introduced as large potential crack surfaces so that the cohesive law will naturally separate adherent and debonding zones. The potential crack surfaces are then updated based on a directional criterion appealing to cohesive integrals only. Several examples of crack reorientation and competition between nearby cracks are presented. Finally, we extend our model to account for the presence of fracture junctions
Kayad, Moussa Ahmed. "Influence de la température sur l'activité micro-sismique dans un réservoir fracturé lors d'injections de longue durée. Application aux données du site de Rosemanowes (UK). Première approche d'un site potentiel dans le rift d'Assal (Djibouti)." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0084/document.
Full textThe general framework of our research deals with the development of geothermal energy for electricity production using the heat stored in geological formations at depths ranging in 3 to 5 km, Generally the environment is poorly permeable and fractured. Our main objective is to study the phenomenon of induced micro-earthquakes in relation to the cooling of the rock. The work is based on field experiences including long duration tests, conducted on the Rosemanowes site (Cornwall, UK). For this, we proceeded to the development of a calculation tool, FRACAS, able to simulate this phenomenon by introducing a dual thermal approach to better simulate the cooling of the reservoir due to long term fluid injections, which might be responsible for new failure mechanisms due to the induced tractions. In this context, we introduced a new algorithm to describe shear in stabilities, a mechanism of "stick-slip" type with the consideration of static/dynamic friction coefficients. The possibility of inducing micro-seismicity is then studied using the in situ data base, with two 3D models offering different geometric approaches, a deterministic model and a stochastic model whose geometrical and physical properties were obtained from observations and previous work on this Rosemanowes site. The Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) simulation using the deterministic model has allowed us to calibrate the transient heat transfer in the reservoir formed by the drilling system RH12/RH15 and to give an estimate of tensile stress of thermal origin. To better study the effect induced by the contraction of the rock during time, we use the stochastic 3D model whose main objective is to simulate a more realistic spatial migration of shear ruptures. With this model we found a delayed onset of shear activity and discuss the effect of pressure step tests. The results suggest a way to mitigate the potential impact of shear ruptures due to cooling
Lefort, Vincent. "Un modèle lattice pour simuler la propagation de fissures sous l’effet d’une injection de fluide dans un milieu hétérogène quasi-fragile." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3011/document.
Full textThis research study aims at developing a lattice-type numerical model allowing the simulation of crack propagation under fluid injection in a quasi-brittle heterogeneous medium. This numerical tool will be used to get a better understanding of initiation and propagation conditions of cracks in rock materials presenting natural joints where the coupling between mechanical damage and fluid transfer properties are at stake. If the final goal of the study does concern natural rocks, the model has been validated by different comparisons with experimental results obtained on cementitious materials mimicking natural rocks in term of mechanical and transport behaviours but presenting heterogeneities which are better controlled. The first part of the manuscript presents a general state of the art. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials where a significant fracture process zone is evolving upon failure. Only the solid phase is studied here and a statistical tool based on Ripley’s functions is adapted in order to extract a characteristic length representative of the correlations appearing between a set of point undergoing mechanical damage. This tool is then used in the context of numerical and experimental fracture tests on 3 point bending concrete beams. The results show that the lattice-type numerical model is able to capture the global fracture process – in term of force vs. crack opening mouth displacement – but also the local fracture process – in term of dissipated energy and correlation length evolution between damage points. Moreover, this statistical tool shows how the solicitation mode may influence the development of damage within a structure. The third part presents a new elasto-plastic damage constitutive law for joint modelling. The originality of the model lies in the coupling between mechanical damage under normal strain and plasticity under tangential strain. This new constitutive law is able to reproduce indirect shear experimental tests performed on mortar specimens presenting a plaster joint where a classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion fails. The fourth part is dedicated to the representation of the full hydro-mechanical coupling within the lattice-type numerical model. The hydro-mechanical coupling is introduced through a poromechanical framework based on the intrinsic and dual hydro-mechanical description of the lattice model, which is based on a "hydraulic" Voronoï tessellation and a "mechanical" Delaunay triangulation. The total stress links the mechanical stress and the pore pressure through the Biot coefficient of the medium whereas the local permeability, which drives the hydraulic pressure gradient, depends on the local crack openings. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions from the literature for "bi-wings" shape cracks and it is shown that both approaches present similar results for a perfect straight crack. Once the lattice-model has been successfully validated within the former parts of the manuscript, its fifth and last part is dedicated to the numerical simulation of the fully hydro-mechanical coupling problem of a free crack propagation due to fluid injection and its interaction with a natural joint in an heterogeneous rock medium. Different crack paths, which are not pre-meshed a priori, and different pressure profiles are obtained and compared for different joint inclinations. Finally, our statistical tool, which has been primarily developed for the analysis of the failure behaviour of the solid phase, is used to characterise the evolution of correlation lengths between points undergoing damage upon the crack propagation and its interaction with a natural joint. It is shown that the hydro-mechanical lattice model is able to represent different mechanism of crack stop and restart from a joint depending on its inclination
Proton, Antoine. "Etude hydraulique des tranchées de rétention / infiltration." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe detention/infiltration trenches are used to limit the flows of urban stormwater. Although they are technically and economically efficient these hydraulic works remain underused. This PhD thesis aims at overcoming some of the obstacles to their use. The study of the way experimental detention trenches work (based on the aspect of water profiles and outflow hydrographs) has allowed to improve knowledge on the hydraulic behaviour of a trench supplied by french drains. It specifically showed that the trenches filled with granular material of strong porosity (gravel 20-80) behave the hydraulic level rather as a pipe with strong roughness than as a soil. Another important result is that water exchanges between the drains and the trench body do not seem to be limited by the diffusion slits. This new knowledge has been used as a basis to build a hydraulic model to simulate the detention trenches behaviour. An original method was then defined to accelerate the ageing of an infiltration trench. This method has made it possible to observe the reduction of the structure’s infiltration capacities for an equivalent operating time of 6 years. The objective of this part of the research was to improve knowledge on trenches ageing and clogging. These results made it possible to couple Bouwer’s model with the storage model
Tonot, Yohan. "Amélioration de l'écoulement dans un banc d'essai de turbine hydraulique à l'aide de la CFD." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66693.
Full textThe objetive of this project is to improve the uniformity of the inlet flow of a turbine within the test bench of the Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, LAMH, of Université Laval. For this purpose, a numerical approach has been employed. Several numerical simulations have been carried out on the software "ANSYS CFX" and compared with one another, after validation of the simulation conditions and assumptions. A simulation using the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach with a turbulence model k-e was first used to analyze the flow behavior in the original test bench installed in the laboratory. The validation of the model is based on a previous project giving the experimental flow behavior at certain locations in the test bench upstream a bulb turbine. The simulation showed that a major change in the configuration upstream of the turbine in the test bench would be beneficial on the effect it has on the flow. Other simulations using the RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach compared several technological solutions for application in the modified test bench, which, according to the literature, would be beneficial for flow stability. The analysis of various flow characteristics higlighted two potential solutions in this situation : the installation of a curved pipe with two guided vanes upstream of the test section, or the installation of a flow stabilizer plate in a straight pipe to replace the upstream tank, upstream the turbine. This second solution is the one the LAMH put to use for its next project : Tr-Francis.
Blessent, Daniela. "Integration of 3D geological and numerical models based on tetrahedral meshes for hydrogeological simulations in fractured porous media." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26468/26468.pdf.
Full textBeaubien, Carl-Anthony. "Simulations numériques de l'écoulement turbulent dans un aspirateur de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29942/29942.pdf.
Full textThe work carried throughout this thesis has for objective to enhance losses predictions in hydraulic turbines draft tube. In order to acheive this, the flow in a draft tube charaterized by a sharp drop in the pressure recovery coefficient near the best efficiency point was studied. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), an advanced turbulence modeling approach, was put to the test, in order to asses the gain attributable to a finer and more precise description of turbulent motions in this component. The numerical methods required associated to this approach, especially regarding the inlet boundary condition, were investigated. It was shown that the radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the computational domain alters significantly the flow downstream and the predicted performance. With the measured radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the draft tube, reasonnable agreement was found between URANS numerical results and experimental measurements of pressure recovery. However, some aspects of the numerical simulations does not agree well with experimental data. It is the case for flow imbalance between the two outlet bays. It was established that rotating flow structures underneath the runner blades require extremely fine grid and time step resolution to avoid their premature diffusion underneath the inlet plane. Nevertheless, at the studied operating point, their influence on draft tube performance was found to be very limited. DES and URANS simulations of the draft tube where axisymmetric inlet boundary conditions were imposed predicted similar pressure recovery. However, DES enables to simulate much more complex and rich turbulent motions, at a computational cost similar to the one of a URANS simulatation and with much less influence from the modeled turbulent quantities specified at the inlet plane.