Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fracturation hydraulique – Simulation par ordinateur'
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Descantes, Yannick. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des mécanismes gouvernant l'initiation et la propagation contrôlées de fractures dans le granite de Vire par injection quasi-statique d'eau." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0047.
Full textRock fracture controlled growth is fundamental for several industries, among which dimension stone, civil engineering and oil industries. Unfortunately, controlled fracture growth is not fully achieved yet and still requires some investigation. Controlled fracture growth is related to fracturing techniques; mainly mining and hydraulic fracturing that can be considered as techniques of crack initiation and propagation from a borehole using fluid pressure loading. Consequently, a theoretical and experimental analysis of the mechanisms of crack initiation and propagation from a fluid pressurized borehole has been achieved. The analysis involved a review of previous work, conception and completion of a laboratory hydraulic fracturing testing program on granite blocks with specific instrumentation and a theoretical study of crack curvature involving anisotropy. The main experimental results are that cracks initiation and propagation around a borehole tend to be more symmetric with low injection rate, but also less simultaneous along the borehole's length. Cracks orientation seems to slightly deviate from expected plane of symmetry. With constant injection rate, cracks propagation occurs at constant or slightly increasing pressure. Crack speed control can be achieved using fine injection rate control. For a 12 mm borehole diameter with 4 mm grooves, the critical pressure lies between 7, 3 and 9,9 MPa. Maximum crack opening displacement measured during each test in several points, including points located inside the block, is in the order of a few tens of micrometers. From a theoretical standpoint, fracture curvature calculus doesn't exactly lead to the observed deviations, which are indeed very small. Nevertheless, anisotropic calculi show some sensibility to the variations of orthotropic model parameters, in the order of the observed deviations. Therefore the difference between anisotropic calculi results and observed deviations may not be significant
Zhang, Yulong. "Contribution à l'étude de déformation et de rupture des roches par une approche discrète." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I045/document.
Full textIn this work, a new bond model with nonlinear shear failure criterion is first proposed and implemented in PFC for describing mechanical behavior of isotropic cohesive granular materials such as sandstone. A large number of compression tests have been performed on 3D samples. The results show that the effect of confining pressure on compressive strength and failure pattern is well described by the proposed bond model. Effects of loading path and the intermediate principal stress on deformation and failure have been also investigated. After further extending parameters on elastic and strength, two bond models: the proposed bond model and the improved smooth joint model, are coupled to character the anisotropy of strength and deformation in anisotropic cohesive materials such as sedimentary rocks. A series of conventional triaxial compression tests with different loading paths have been performed and numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data, especially for elastic response and strength properties. The failure mode transformation between weakness layer and rock matrix under different confining pressures has been well described. Furthermore, the proposed bond model has been extended to study hydraulic fracturing process in cohesive materials. A representative hydraulic fracture propagation process has been presented. Influences of different factors, such as confining pressure, fluid viscosity and fluid injection rate, on hydraulic fracture extension have been investigated. Finally, we have developed a dimensional reconstruction method of block shape irregularity and studied its effects on block impacts using an energy based approach
Khadraoui, Sofiane. "Analyse des impacts environnementaux liés à l'exploitation des réservoirs non conventionnels." Thesis, Pau, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03969353.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental impacts related to hydraulic fracturing operations by studying the adsorption mechanisms of chemicals additives used in fracturing fluids and to predict the evolution of these additives injected in large quantities into the shale. Based on the results obtained, it appears that bentonite has a high adsorption capacity of xanthan additive compared to other minerals contained in the shale. The three-model matrices bentonite, calcite and kaolinite have the same adsorption capacity of sp breaker additive. It also appears that xanthan is a biodegradable product, unlike sp breaker, which is a non-biodegradable product, requiring other treatment methods other than the biological method. These two results allowed us to conclude that Bentonite can be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of return water for the elimination of the two products (xanthan and sp breaker), both of which are present in significant quantities in the return water (flow back) and present a fairly significant environmental problem. The results obtained by the rheology studies showed that the gelling agent (xanthan) has a high viscosity when applied under low shear stress and a low viscosity when applied under high shear stress. This shear stress tends to increase for the samples conserved for 24 hours and needs more energy to be injected into the shale. The water-gelling agent mixture behaves like a rheofluidifying fluid with a critical flow stress and flow is only observed when the applied shear stress is above this critical value. In addition, analytical, numerical and experimental hydraulic fracturing tests carried out in the laboratory on a number of cylindrical samples of synthesized PMMA showed that the flow rate and the initial crack size has more impact than viscosity on breakdown pressure. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the analytical and numerical models compared to the experimental results. The results of the numerical simulation study are nearly the same as the experimental (real) results compared to the analytical study, because the analytical study only takes into account the depth of the crack, but the numerical simulation, which considers the shape of the semi-elliptical crack (half-length and depth). Key Words: shale, fracturing fluid, source rock, PMMA
Paul, Bertrand. "Modélisation de la propagation de fractures hydrauliques par la méthode des éléments finis étendue." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0182/document.
Full textThe permeability of rocks is widely affected by the presence of fractures as it establishes prevailing paths for the fluid flow. Natural cracks are then a critical factor for a reservoir productiveness. For low permeability rocks, stimulation techniques such as hydrofracturing have been experienced to enhance the permeability, so that the reservoir becomes profitable. In the opposite, when it comes to geological storage, the presence of cracks constitutes a major issue since it encourages the leak and migration of the material spread in the rock. In the case of CO2 storage, the scenario of leakage across the reservoir seal through cracks or revived faults is a matter of great concern. And as for nuclear waste storage, the fluid circulation in a fracture network around the storage cavity can obviously lead to the migration of toxic materials. It is then crucial to predict the effects of the presence of cracks in a reservoir. The main purpose of this work is the design of a numerical tool to simulate a crack network and its evolution under hydromechanical loading. To achieve this goal we chose the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) for its convenience, and a cohesive zone model to handle the crack tip area. The XFEM is a meshfree method that allows us to introduce cracks in the model without necessarily remeshing in case of crack propagation. The fluid flow in the crack as well as the exchanges between the porous rock and the crack are accounted for through an hydro-mechanical coupling. The model is validated with an analytical asymptotic solution for the propagation of a plane hydraulic fracture in a poroelastic media, in 2D as well as in 3D. Then we study the propagation of hydraulic fractures on non predefined paths. The cracks are initially introduced as large potential crack surfaces so that the cohesive law will naturally separate adherent and debonding zones. The potential crack surfaces are then updated based on a directional criterion appealing to cohesive integrals only. Several examples of crack reorientation and competition between nearby cracks are presented. Finally, we extend our model to account for the presence of fracture junctions
Kayad, Moussa Ahmed. "Influence de la température sur l'activité micro-sismique dans un réservoir fracturé lors d'injections de longue durée. Application aux données du site de Rosemanowes (UK). Première approche d'un site potentiel dans le rift d'Assal (Djibouti)." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0084/document.
Full textThe general framework of our research deals with the development of geothermal energy for electricity production using the heat stored in geological formations at depths ranging in 3 to 5 km, Generally the environment is poorly permeable and fractured. Our main objective is to study the phenomenon of induced micro-earthquakes in relation to the cooling of the rock. The work is based on field experiences including long duration tests, conducted on the Rosemanowes site (Cornwall, UK). For this, we proceeded to the development of a calculation tool, FRACAS, able to simulate this phenomenon by introducing a dual thermal approach to better simulate the cooling of the reservoir due to long term fluid injections, which might be responsible for new failure mechanisms due to the induced tractions. In this context, we introduced a new algorithm to describe shear in stabilities, a mechanism of "stick-slip" type with the consideration of static/dynamic friction coefficients. The possibility of inducing micro-seismicity is then studied using the in situ data base, with two 3D models offering different geometric approaches, a deterministic model and a stochastic model whose geometrical and physical properties were obtained from observations and previous work on this Rosemanowes site. The Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) simulation using the deterministic model has allowed us to calibrate the transient heat transfer in the reservoir formed by the drilling system RH12/RH15 and to give an estimate of tensile stress of thermal origin. To better study the effect induced by the contraction of the rock during time, we use the stochastic 3D model whose main objective is to simulate a more realistic spatial migration of shear ruptures. With this model we found a delayed onset of shear activity and discuss the effect of pressure step tests. The results suggest a way to mitigate the potential impact of shear ruptures due to cooling
Lefort, Vincent. "Un modèle lattice pour simuler la propagation de fissures sous l’effet d’une injection de fluide dans un milieu hétérogène quasi-fragile." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3011/document.
Full textThis research study aims at developing a lattice-type numerical model allowing the simulation of crack propagation under fluid injection in a quasi-brittle heterogeneous medium. This numerical tool will be used to get a better understanding of initiation and propagation conditions of cracks in rock materials presenting natural joints where the coupling between mechanical damage and fluid transfer properties are at stake. If the final goal of the study does concern natural rocks, the model has been validated by different comparisons with experimental results obtained on cementitious materials mimicking natural rocks in term of mechanical and transport behaviours but presenting heterogeneities which are better controlled. The first part of the manuscript presents a general state of the art. The second part of the manuscript is dedicated to the study of crack propagation in quasi-brittle materials where a significant fracture process zone is evolving upon failure. Only the solid phase is studied here and a statistical tool based on Ripley’s functions is adapted in order to extract a characteristic length representative of the correlations appearing between a set of point undergoing mechanical damage. This tool is then used in the context of numerical and experimental fracture tests on 3 point bending concrete beams. The results show that the lattice-type numerical model is able to capture the global fracture process – in term of force vs. crack opening mouth displacement – but also the local fracture process – in term of dissipated energy and correlation length evolution between damage points. Moreover, this statistical tool shows how the solicitation mode may influence the development of damage within a structure. The third part presents a new elasto-plastic damage constitutive law for joint modelling. The originality of the model lies in the coupling between mechanical damage under normal strain and plasticity under tangential strain. This new constitutive law is able to reproduce indirect shear experimental tests performed on mortar specimens presenting a plaster joint where a classical Mohr-Coulomb criterion fails. The fourth part is dedicated to the representation of the full hydro-mechanical coupling within the lattice-type numerical model. The hydro-mechanical coupling is introduced through a poromechanical framework based on the intrinsic and dual hydro-mechanical description of the lattice model, which is based on a "hydraulic" Voronoï tessellation and a "mechanical" Delaunay triangulation. The total stress links the mechanical stress and the pore pressure through the Biot coefficient of the medium whereas the local permeability, which drives the hydraulic pressure gradient, depends on the local crack openings. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions from the literature for "bi-wings" shape cracks and it is shown that both approaches present similar results for a perfect straight crack. Once the lattice-model has been successfully validated within the former parts of the manuscript, its fifth and last part is dedicated to the numerical simulation of the fully hydro-mechanical coupling problem of a free crack propagation due to fluid injection and its interaction with a natural joint in an heterogeneous rock medium. Different crack paths, which are not pre-meshed a priori, and different pressure profiles are obtained and compared for different joint inclinations. Finally, our statistical tool, which has been primarily developed for the analysis of the failure behaviour of the solid phase, is used to characterise the evolution of correlation lengths between points undergoing damage upon the crack propagation and its interaction with a natural joint. It is shown that the hydro-mechanical lattice model is able to represent different mechanism of crack stop and restart from a joint depending on its inclination
Proton, Antoine. "Etude hydraulique des tranchées de rétention / infiltration." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0073/these.pdf.
Full textThe detention/infiltration trenches are used to limit the flows of urban stormwater. Although they are technically and economically efficient these hydraulic works remain underused. This PhD thesis aims at overcoming some of the obstacles to their use. The study of the way experimental detention trenches work (based on the aspect of water profiles and outflow hydrographs) has allowed to improve knowledge on the hydraulic behaviour of a trench supplied by french drains. It specifically showed that the trenches filled with granular material of strong porosity (gravel 20-80) behave the hydraulic level rather as a pipe with strong roughness than as a soil. Another important result is that water exchanges between the drains and the trench body do not seem to be limited by the diffusion slits. This new knowledge has been used as a basis to build a hydraulic model to simulate the detention trenches behaviour. An original method was then defined to accelerate the ageing of an infiltration trench. This method has made it possible to observe the reduction of the structure’s infiltration capacities for an equivalent operating time of 6 years. The objective of this part of the research was to improve knowledge on trenches ageing and clogging. These results made it possible to couple Bouwer’s model with the storage model
Tonot, Yohan. "Amélioration de l'écoulement dans un banc d'essai de turbine hydraulique à l'aide de la CFD." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66693.
Full textThe objetive of this project is to improve the uniformity of the inlet flow of a turbine within the test bench of the Laboratory of Hydraulic Machines, LAMH, of Université Laval. For this purpose, a numerical approach has been employed. Several numerical simulations have been carried out on the software "ANSYS CFX" and compared with one another, after validation of the simulation conditions and assumptions. A simulation using the URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach with a turbulence model k-e was first used to analyze the flow behavior in the original test bench installed in the laboratory. The validation of the model is based on a previous project giving the experimental flow behavior at certain locations in the test bench upstream a bulb turbine. The simulation showed that a major change in the configuration upstream of the turbine in the test bench would be beneficial on the effect it has on the flow. Other simulations using the RANS (Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes) approach compared several technological solutions for application in the modified test bench, which, according to the literature, would be beneficial for flow stability. The analysis of various flow characteristics higlighted two potential solutions in this situation : the installation of a curved pipe with two guided vanes upstream of the test section, or the installation of a flow stabilizer plate in a straight pipe to replace the upstream tank, upstream the turbine. This second solution is the one the LAMH put to use for its next project : Tr-Francis.
Blessent, Daniela. "Integration of 3D geological and numerical models based on tetrahedral meshes for hydrogeological simulations in fractured porous media." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26468/26468.pdf.
Full textBeaubien, Carl-Anthony. "Simulations numériques de l'écoulement turbulent dans un aspirateur de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29942/29942.pdf.
Full textThe work carried throughout this thesis has for objective to enhance losses predictions in hydraulic turbines draft tube. In order to acheive this, the flow in a draft tube charaterized by a sharp drop in the pressure recovery coefficient near the best efficiency point was studied. Detached Eddy Simulation (DES), an advanced turbulence modeling approach, was put to the test, in order to asses the gain attributable to a finer and more precise description of turbulent motions in this component. The numerical methods required associated to this approach, especially regarding the inlet boundary condition, were investigated. It was shown that the radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the computational domain alters significantly the flow downstream and the predicted performance. With the measured radial velocity profile specified at the inlet of the draft tube, reasonnable agreement was found between URANS numerical results and experimental measurements of pressure recovery. However, some aspects of the numerical simulations does not agree well with experimental data. It is the case for flow imbalance between the two outlet bays. It was established that rotating flow structures underneath the runner blades require extremely fine grid and time step resolution to avoid their premature diffusion underneath the inlet plane. Nevertheless, at the studied operating point, their influence on draft tube performance was found to be very limited. DES and URANS simulations of the draft tube where axisymmetric inlet boundary conditions were imposed predicted similar pressure recovery. However, DES enables to simulate much more complex and rich turbulent motions, at a computational cost similar to the one of a URANS simulatation and with much less influence from the modeled turbulent quantities specified at the inlet plane.
Bary, Benoît. "Étude du couplage hydraulique-mécanique dans le béton endommagé." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0022.
Full textMustapha, Hussein. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement dans des milieux fracturés tridimensionnels." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S166.
Full textOtsuka, Masahiko. "Applications effectives de l'onde de choc hydrodynamique générée par pulsation électrique ou par explosion." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-9.pdf.
Full textA choc wave generated by an underwater explosion or electric pulsed power can be used for industrial applications. Ln automotive and aerospace industry, sheet metal forming is usually used for parts production. Ln metal forming we usually encounter numerical difficulties as spring back problems, which requires implicit time integration, since the time for the structure to damp out from high frequency vibrations is long compare to loading time. Metal forming has a high cost for industrial applications. . Pressure loading due to the press machine in metal forming can be generated through pressure waves from detonation points in hydrodynamic medium. The aim of this work, which has an experimental part, that is validated by numerical simulation, consists of generating pressure waves for dynamic problems, through discrete detonation points, at different locations and detonating at different detonation time. Pressure waves from detonation create a structure loading similar to the one created by the press machine in metal forming. The problem is a fluid structure interaction problem, where the fluid has high damping properties compare to those of ambient air. The fluid is solved using compressible Navier-Stokes equations with equation of state relative to explosive material, the structure is solved with structural dynamic equations, using explicit time integration
Fouial, Karim. "Nouvelle méthode d'interprétation des mesures des contraintes par surcarottage adaptée aux roches à comportement non linéaire ou fracturées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL109N.
Full textSemlali, Bouchaib. "Caractérisation et modélisation spatiale de la broyabilité des massifs rocheux : cas de la mine Troilus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24481/24481.pdf.
Full textHernette, Vincent. "Apport de la modélisation bond graph à la conception d'une suspension active." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0009.
Full textThis work deals with a design procedure allowing the development of active automobile suspensions. Bond graph modeling technics are used to carry out simulations in both the frequency and time domains. The approach presents two different aspect : on the one hand the suspension in broken down into its hierarchical components (quater car diagram, bicycle suspension. . . ) and the chapters are arranged according to this breakdown. On the other hand systematic study of the models is carried outgoing through, first of all, exploratory linear studies followed by more in-depth non-linear studies. The first chapter deals with the specificities of the basic hydraulic suspension. The second chapter is dedicated to the quater car model. Within the framework of a precise activation strategy, control laws are tested through application to increasingly realistic automobile models. The third chapter treats modeling of hydraulic control devices. The flow spool, the valve which supplies liquid to the suspension jack, is first covered. Secondly design of an accelerometer sensor according to the principals of a pressure spool is investigated. The fourth chapter deals with a transversal bicycle suspension model aimed at allowing better control of roll motion (roll-damping). The final section, concerning the results and conclusions, highlights the validity of the design procedure which resulted in the development of several prototypes
Hoxha, Dashnor. "Modélisation de l'endommagement des massifs rocheux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL087N.
Full textXia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Full textGraff, Kevin. "Contribution à la cartographie multirisques de territoires côtiers : approche quantitative des conséquences potentielles et des concomitances hydrologiques (Normandie, France) Analysis and quantification of potential consequences in multirisk coastal context at different spatial scales (Normandy, France) Characterization of elements at risk in the multirisk coastal context and at different spatial scales: Multi-database integration (normandy, France)." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC001.
Full textThe coastal environment in Normandy is conducive to a convergence of multiple hazards (erosion, marine submersion, flooding by overflowing streams or upwelling of a water table, turbid flooding by runoff, coastal or continental slope movement). Because of their interface positions, important regressive dynamics go between the marine and continental processes. This interaction will occur within the slopes and valleys where coastal populations and their activities have tended to become more densified since the 19th century. In this context, it is necessary to adopt a multi-hazard and multi-risk approach considering the spatial or temporal confluence of several hazards and their possible cascading effects and to assess the multi-sector impacts generated. by these vagaries.As part of this thesis, as well as in the ANR RICOCHET program, three study sites were selected at the outlet of the coastal rivers: from Auberville to Pennedepie, from Quiberville to Dieppe and from Criel-sur-Mer to Ault due to significant issues and strong interactions between hydrological and gravitational phenomena. Two main objectives have been carried out: (1) an methodological development on analyses of potential consequences by considering all the elements at risk within a study territory through a multiscaling approach; (2) an analysis of hydrological concomitances through a both statistical and spatial approach
Maurice, Franck. "Intégration et mise en oeuvre de plans d’expériences numériques en modélisation et simulation système : étude de cas en ingénierie et dimensionnement des composants hydrauliques de puissance." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2538.
Full textThis thesis has been achieved as part of the partnership between HYDRO LEDUC company and Roberval laboratory located at the "Université de Technologie de Compiègne". HYDRO LEDUC designs and makes hydraulic components such as piston pumps and motors, accumulators, cylinders and specific tools reserved for varied applications. A large amount of applications uses fluid power transmission. Indeed, because of its high power density, hydraulic solutions are unavoidable. Thus, this latter is present in various fields such as transport, aeronautical, machine tool, building industry and many others. Hydraulic circuits allow delivering considerable efforts. They enable a very accurate control of receptors and ensure a high life time to systems and components. Hydraulic pumps can be considered as the heart of every hydraulic systems. Their matchless high power density makes them to perform at high pressure while keeping a high efficiency level. Environment constraints, energy cost rise and global market have led manufacturers to make products more efficient while decreasing their manufacturing and development costs. Conventional design methodology relies on test/error cycles, which is a development strategy that can be expensive and time consuming. Computing power of computers have been increasing sharply over the last 20 years. In that sense, numerical simulation has become the mainstream in terms of design, research and development and physical analysis. The objective of our work is to gather, and analyse data and theoretical knowledge stem from many years of research investigations. From this point, the second goal of our work is to choose and develop a design strategy, which employs Design of Experiments method, and relying on numerical modelling and simulation applied to hydraulic components. This latter has been applied to a variable displacement axial piston pump. Hence, performing a design strategy that integrates Design of Experiments, numerical simulation and modelling for hydraulic components leads to reduce considerably the time and the cost of the design process
Quentin, Françoise. "Contrôle du mouvement de la houle dans un canal." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD547.
Full textSavard, Catherine. "Modélisation numérique 3D de l'écoulement et des échanges isotopiques dans des réseaux de fractures." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23838/23838.pdf.
Full textLagier, Benjamin. "Etude thermohydraulique expérimentale et numérique d'une boucle d'hélium supercritique en convection forcée soumise à des pulses périodiques de chaleur." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY010/document.
Full textFuture fusion reactor devices such as ITER or JT-60SA will produce thermonuclear fusion reaction inplasmas at several millions of degrees. The confinement in the center of the chamber is achieved byvery intense magnetic fields generated by superconducting magnets. These coils have to be cooleddown to 4.4 K through a forced flow of supercritical helium. The cyclic behavior of the machinesleads to pulsed thermal heat loads which will have to be handled by the refrigerator.The HELIOS experiment built in CEA Grenoble is a scaled down model of the helium distributionsystem of the tokamak JT-60SA composed of a saturated helium bath and a supercritical helium loop.The thesis work explores HELIOS capabilities for experimental and numerical investigations on threeheat load smoothing strategies: the use of the saturated helium bath as an open thermal buffer, therotation speed variation of the cold circulator and the bypassing of the heated section. Thedeveloped model describes well the physical evolutions of the helium loop (pressure, temperature,mass flow) submitted to heat loads observed during experiments. Advanced controls have beentested and validated to improve the stability of the refrigerator and to optimize the refrigerationpower
Bargui, Henda. "Modélisation des comportements mécaniques et hydrauliques de massifs rocheux simulés par des assemblages de blocs rigides : Introduction d'un couplage hydro-mécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529406.
Full textAbdallah, Mirvat. "Etude et renforcement des massifs rocheux sous chargement sismique : application à l’analyse de la vulnérabilité des massifs rocheux au Liban." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10091.
Full textLebanon is characterized by high-urbanized mountains, which could be subjected to severe earthquakes, because of the presence of a major fault and some secondary faults. Lebanon was previously subjected to several destructive earthquakes, particularly in 551, 1202, 1759 and 1837 and more recently in the years 1956 and 2008. Experts predict a major seismic event in the future. Prevention constitutes an efficient way to minimize the earthquake consequences (casualties and property damage). This thesis aims to develop a methodological approach for the seismic stability of fractured rocks and to apply this methodology to the analysis of real case in Lebanon. The work is based on an advanced numerical modeling using the UDEC software to analyze the behavior of massive fractured rocks under seismic loading, taking into account the presence of water in the fractures. Due to lack of field data, significant work has also been devoted to the collection of data collection related to mechanical properties of the materials and joints. The first part of the thesis presents a literature review of the characterization of the rock discontinuities and methods used for the analysis of the stability of fractured rock masses. The second part presents seismic analysis of a real case in South Lebanon (Jezzine). Numerical calculations were carried on different configurations: rock mass without fractures, rock mass with horizontal fractures and rock mass with both horizontal and vertical fractures. Analysis was also conducted on the use of anchors for the rock mass stabilization. The last part presents a study of the influence of the presence of water on the seismic behavior of fractured rock masses
Dellinger, Guilhem. "Etude expérimentale et optimisation des performances hydrauliques des vis d'Archimède utilisées dans les micro centrales hydroélectriques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD046/document.
Full textThe potential for hydropower generation using micro-hydro plants is still under exploited in Europe. The Archimede Screw Generators are a growing technology convenient for low-head hydraulic sites. This thesis studies the hydraulic performance of this turbine. The first part of thiswork presents an experimental device using a laboratory screw scale. This device allows to test screw performance for various hydraulic conditions and geometrical parameters. A theoretical model predicting the screw performance has then been developed and validated with experimental results.The complex flows occurring within the screw are studied thanks to 3D and unsteady numerical simulations. The numerical results are validated experimentally. The insights provided on the flow structure permit to develop a new leakage model. These leakages are a major source of efficiency loss. Eventually, all these results will allow the implementation of an industrial dimensioning model
Feng, Xue. "Modélisation numérique par éléments finis d'un problème aéroacoustique en régime transitoire : application à l'équation de Galbrun." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935560.
Full textFanzar, Abdelaziz. "Développement d’un code numérique pour la simulation et l’étude de l’hydrodynamique et de la physico-chimie de milieux diphasiques incompressibles. Cas d’une goutte d’eau dans l’huile de paraffine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4339.
Full textFor several decades, an important scientific activity has focused on the numerical, theoretical and experimental hydrodynamics of drops. This work presents numerical results of a single droplet in the gravity field and in non-isothermal conditions. The simulation such a multiphase system is important in both academic and industrial world. This is particularly the case in the field of emulsions, wetting problems and evaporation. To achieve this goal, there are still important algorithmic problems due to the free moving interfaces and the description of capillary effects. Here, a Volume of Fluid technique has been implemented with high order temporal and spatial schemes to preserve the sharpness of the drop interface. The system under consideration is a simplified model consisting in a single water droplet in a continuous paraffin oil phase. These liquids are immiscible and non-compressible and the overall evolution is unsteady. Capillary contributions such as temperature and surfactant dependent surface tension are fully accounted for. This presentation is aimed to show the capabilities of VOF techniques for the simulations of unsteady multiphase systems in non-isothermal configurations. The role of the droplet initial position and temperature field is described with good numerical stability. There are still important problems remaining in the simulation of free interface systems with such a technique. Spurious currents induced by the description of capillarity can in particular come into play. But these latter can be controlled once the droplet average velocity due to drainage becomes large enough
Rohmer, Julien. "Microcentrale hydroélectrique à vis d'Archimède : modélisation et analyse de performances." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD002.
Full textThis work focuses on a small hydro plant which uses the Archimedes screw. This is an alternative solution to smallscale hydropower as it employs unused resources such as small rivers or streams. Archimedes screw plants reverse the pump use principle and employ the available stream power for energy production in very low head application. Based on the state-of-the-art, a numerical model is established to estimate efficiencies, energy production and profitability of variable speed operations for a small hydro plant using Archimedes screw. Several theoretical results and simulations are proposed. We validated them experimentally on the prototype of INSA Strasbourg, developed within the framework of this thesis. Finally, actions carried out on the experimental prototype led to maximizing the transfer of energy and limiting losses. Then a very specific MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control strategy is developed and is currently being implemented
Raynal, Sylvain. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des grilles ichtyocompatibles." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2303/document.
Full textThe Water Framework Directive (2000) particularly aimed at restoring the fish downstream migration and at preventing fish from being injured or killed in hydropower plant turbines. Fish-friendly trashracks, which physically stop fish and guide them towards bypasses, are one of the possible solutions.In this context, we have carried out an experimental and numerical study focused on the characterization of head losses and velocity distributions for various kinds of trashrack. This helped to quantify the energy loss due to the narrow bar spacing and to assess the magnitude of velocities that fish may face in different trashrack configurations. Two hydraulic installations coupled with several measurement devices allowed the study of both topics on model trashracks. Water depth measurements resulted in new head loss equations while velocity measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) systems allowed the determination of fish-friendly angles in different trashrack configurations. Some other points of the thesis, concerning for instance bypasses, have been investigated with numerical simulations using OpenFOAM software. All the results allowed the conception and the comparison of various trashrack solutions for a real water intake case, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks relative to each of these solutions
Ballu, Aurélien. "Étude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement turbulent au sein des passes à poissons à fentes verticales. Analyse de l'écoulement tridimensionnel et instationnaire." Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2256/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to characterize the influence of two kinds of obstacles, sills and macro-roughnesses, on the flow inside a vertical slot fishway (VSF) and the behavior of several species of fish. Another objective is to study a technical solution to allow the passage of small fish species, which take the form of flexible cylinders placed in the jet at the entrance of each pool of the VSF. A hydraulic characterization is made by experimental measurements of the water level in each pool with acoustic sensors and by measurements of three-dimensional velocity components with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The data acquired by these measurements are then used to define a predictive law that takes into account the presence of sills or macro-roughnesses, to help the design of devices that are as efficient as possible. Unsteady RANS and LES three-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow allow performing a careful volume analysis of the turbulence characteristics inside the pools when obstacles are presents in the flow. By obstructing a part of the slot, sills enhance the three-dimensionality of the flow while macro-roughnesses generate a low velocity layer and shelters for benthic species. Flexible elements produce a better dissipation of the energy of the jet and reduce the turbulent kinetic energy in a part of the volume of the pools. The effect of the modification of the flow kinematic properties, by the presence of obstacles, on the behavior of various fish species is evaluated. It provides important insights on how to adapt the flow in existing fishways to fish species with low swimming capacity
Nguyen, Anh Tuan. "Influence des incertitudes géométriques et de la méthode de modélisation dans l'analyse de stabilité des talus rocheux : application aux mines à ciel ouvert." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0296/document.
Full textThe stability of open-cast operations (mines or quarries), excavated in rock mass depends on their geometry, the geometrical characteristics of the rock mass fractures (orientation and spacing) and the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass and the discontinuities. The assessment of the rock instability risk depends on the quantity and quality of the available information on the rock mass and the analysis methods used for the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the rock block collection. Different sites of natural rock slopes, of road cuts, and of open-cast mines and quarries, described in the present document, show that the known information can vary a lot from one site to the other. The steps of data gathering and analysis, then the modelling step used to analyze the stability of the rock slope, lead to uncertainties. The present work deals in particular with the influence of the geometrical uncertainties, and the different clustering methods, to define families of fractures, are examined. The combination of works suggested by several authors leads to a new method called PSMY. This method, together with the spectral method, was coded in the Mathematica platform, and the obtained results are compared with "hand-made" clusters, done with the DIPS software. The clustering methods are presented according to the ratio of classified orientations. The orientation and spacing of fracture families are fitted by statistical law. The statistical parameters are compared according to the clustering method used. These parameters have an influence on the construction of the rock mass geometrical model, called DFN (Discrete Fracture Network). The influence of the clusters on the stability analysis is studied from the stochastic models based on the limit equilibrium analysis, in the SWEDGE and RESOBLOK software. These programs do not take into account the same uncertainties, and as a result, they give different stability indicators. A sensitivity analysis of these indicators (number of unstable blocks, average volume of unstable blocks, and total volume of unstable blocks) versus the clustering methods used, and the orientation of the slopes, is carried out. A variance analysis allows an evaluation of the influence of these factors. The assessment of the global stability condition of the rock mass, depending on the cohesion and the friction angle, is proposed. The influence of the modeling method is analyzed by comparing 3D calculations using the limit equilibrium calculations, and 2D and 3D models using discrete rigid and deformable blocks. A coupling between RESOBLOK (limit equilibrium) and LMGC90 (discrete elements) allows the comparison of results on the same original geometry. For the case of Ax-les-Thermes road-cut, and for various unstable geometries, the influence of the model parameters is tested. Several cases are compared. The 3D simulation of an excavation, at different steps, is performed, and the mobilization index is studied, in order to compare several types of contacts, within the LMGC model, in relation to the possible sliding of blocks, at those different steps