Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fracture of specimen with notches

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fracture of specimen with notches'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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Kim, Duck Hoi, Jae Hoon Kim, and Soon Il Moon. "Analysis of Failure Criterion for Combustion Chamber with Notch Using Effective Distance." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.722.

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In this study, the intrinsic static/dynamic fracture toughness of Al 7175-T74 is evaluated from the apparent static/dynamic fracture toughness of a notched specimen. A critical average stress fracture model is suggested to establish the relationship for predicting the intrinsic fracture toughness from the apparent fracture toughness of a notched specimen. The critical average stress fracture model is established using the relationship between the notch root radius and the effective distance calculated by finite element analysis. The effective distance is the major characteristic describing stress distributions ahead of the notch tip. Therefore, the effective distance can be used to evaluate the behavior of structures containing notches. In this study, effective distance is applied to estimate the failure criterion for the combustion chamber with a notch. It is concluded that the true fracture toughness can be estimated from test results of apparent fracture toughness measured by using a notched specimen. Also, the effective distance can be used to evaluate the failure criterion of structures with notches.
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KIM, DUCK-HOI, JAE-HOON KIM, YOUNG-SHIN LEE, et al. "STUDY ON DYNAMIC FRACTURE CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATION TO THE STRUCTURES OF ADVANCED GLASS CERAMIC." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 3908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920604057x.

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In this study, the intrinsic static/dynamic fracture toughness of advanced glass ceramic is evaluated from the apparent static/dynamic fracture toughness of a notched specimen. A critical average stress fracture model is suggested to establish the relationship for predicting the intrinsic fracture toughness from the apparent fracture toughness of a notched specimen. The critical average stress fracture model is established using the relationship between the notch root radius and the effective distance calculated by finite element analysis. The effective distance is the major characteristic describing stress distributions ahead of the notch tip. Therefore, the effective distance can be used to evaluate the behavior of structures containing notches. It is concluded that the true fracture toughness can be estimated from test results of apparent fracture toughness measured by using a notched specimen. Also, the effective distance can be used to evaluate the failure criterion of structures with notches.
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Bura, Elżbieta, and Andrzej Seweryn. "Fracture Initiation in Notched Specimens Subjected to Compression: Strain Rate Effect." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112613.

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This paper shows the results of an experimental investigation on fracture in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) notched specimens subjected to compression (with unloading) including different strain rates. Three types of notches were used. Flat specimens were weakened by two types of V-notches and U-notches. Additionally, two specimen thicknesses were used (9.7 and 14.5 mm). The load was carried out at the strain rate of 8 × 10−4, 4 × 10−3, and 2 × 10−2 s−1 and the unloading stage was conducted ten times faster, i.e., 8 × 10−3, 4 × 10−2, and 2 × 10−1 s−1, respectively. By using a PHANTOM high-speed camera, fracture initiation moments and locations were indicated. Two types of crack were observed and distinguished as A-type and B-type. The first was formed by the contact stress of the closing notch surfaces, while the latter was formed by the residual stresses during the unloading stage. The type of notch, specimen thickness, and the strain rate have a significant influence on the fracture process. The strain rate has a large impact on the critical load value, which determines the fracture initiation, but does not affect the location and shape of the crack. The strain rate effect usually disappears with increasing specimen thickness.
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Guo, Qifeng, Xinghui Wu, Meifeng Cai, and Shengjun Miao. "Experimental Study on the Effect of Offset Notch on Fracture Properties of Rock under Three-Point Bending Beam." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (February 8, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2781928.

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To investigate the effects of offset notch on the fracture properties of rock beam under bending load, granite beam specimens with “one single offset notch” and “central and offset double notches” are made. A series of three-point bending beam tests on the specimens are carried out by controlling the displacement rate of central notch. The whole load-displacement (P-CMOD) curves are obtained. Experimental results show that the larger the distance between the offset notch and beam central is, the larger are the peak load and nominal strength of the specimen. The peak load and nominal strength for the “central and offset double notches” specimens are both larger than those for the “single central notch” specimen. A fracture model considering the effect of offset notch is developed, and the relationship between the offset notch parameter, tensile strength, and fracture toughness is established.
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Azizi, Muhammad Azim, Mohd Faiz Mohd Ridhuan, Mohd Zakiyuddin Mohd Zahari, Sharafiz Abdul Rahim, and Muhammad Amin Azman. "Peridynamic Model for Tensile Elongation and Fracture Simulations of Polymethyl Methacrylate Notched Specimens." Applied Mechanics and Materials 909 (September 28, 2022): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2z0841.

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This paper presents the peridynamic (PD) numerical model for simulating a tensile test until total fracture for a brittle polymeric material namely polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). U-notched and V-notched specimens were used to investigate the effect of the notches on the elongation and fracture of PMMA. The tensile elongation of PMMA exhibits nonlinearity with respect to the applied load, while the fracture occurs when the material stress has reached the ultimate tensile stress of the material. Similar elongation and fracture properties were applied on PD simulations. Two types of elongation equation are used namely brittle and ductile equations to form PD-brittle and PD-ductile models. The published experimental data of tensile fracture test on notched PMMA specimens are used as reference to validate the simulations of the PD models. The PD numerical force-extension curves have good quantitative similarity for V-notched specimen but adequate quantitative similarity for U-notched specimen. As for the quality of the fractured specimen shape, the PD simulations have good similarity for the V-notched specimen but adequate similarity for the U-notched specimen. The plot of the internal force distribution from the simulations of PD shows good qualitative similarity to the plot of the stress distribution from the published data of FEM in terms of stress concentration. From the PD results, it is observed that the PD-ductile model has better capability in producing accurate simulation of the notched specimens than the PD-brittle model.
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Zebri, O., H. El Minor, and A. Bendarma. "Evolution of Tenacity in Mixed Mode Fracture – Volumetric Approach." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 4 (2020): 931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0073.

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AbstractIn fracture mechanics most interest is focused on stress intensity factors, which describe the singular stress field ahead of a crack tip and govern fracture of a specimen when a critical stress intensity factor is reached. In this paper, stress intensity factors which represents fracture toughness of material, caused by a notch in a volumetric approach has been examined, taking into account the specific conditions of loading by examining various U-notched circular ring specimens, with various geometries and boundary conditions, under a mixed mode I+II. The bend specimens are computed by finite element method (FEM) and the local stress distribution was calculated by the Abaqus/CAE. The results are assessed to determine the evolution of the stress intensity factor of different notches and loading distances from the root of notch. This study shows that the tenacity is not intrinsic to the material for all different geometries notches.
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Torabi, Ali Reza, Mahdi Jabbari, Javad Akbardoost, and Sergio Cicero. "A Modified Mean Stress Criterion for Considering Size Effects on Mode I Fracture Estimation of Rounded-Tip V-Notched Polymeric Specimens." Polymers 14, no. 7 (2022): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14071491.

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The aim of this paper is to assess the size and geometry effects on the mode I notch fracture toughness of polymeric samples containing rounded-tip V-shaped (RV) notches (V-notch with a finite radius at the notch tip). First, using a large number of fracture tests on an RV-notched Brazilian disk and semi-circular bending polymeric samples with four different sizes, the size-dependent values of the notch fracture toughness are obtained. Then, the mean stress criterion is modified for characterizing the size-dependency of notch fracture toughness in polymeric samples. The resulting modified mean stress criterion considers higher order terms of the stress field when calculating the fracture process zone length around the tip of the defect. Additionally, the critical distance rc is assumed to be associated with the specimen size and a formula containing fitting parameters is utilized for considering this trend of rc. The comparison between the values of notch fracture toughness obtained from experiments and those predicted by the modified mean stress criterion shows that the suggested approach can provide accurate estimations of size-dependent values of notch fracture toughness in polymeric specimens containing RV notches.
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Xiao, Pan, and Haining Li. "Acoustic Emission Behavior of TATB Based PBX during Uniaxial Compression Deformation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 3 (2023): 032008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/3/032008.

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Abstract In order to study the feasibility of acoustic emission technology for the damage and fracture monitoring of TATB-based PBX materials and components, the acoustic emission characteristics of notched and unnotched specimens under uniaxial compression were studied. The results of uniaxial compression and step-cycle compression experiments of unnotched specimens showed that there were few AE hits with low amplitude under low strain stage and many AE hits were generated when the specimen failed. In addition, the Kaiser effect is applicable at the low load stage. In addition, there were less AE hits in initial loading stage for the specimen with notches, which may be caused by machining force. However, very strong AE hits were generated in the specimen with notches before macroscopic fracture occurred. Acoustic emission technology can be used to determine whether macroscopic cracks were generated in TATB-based PBX structures in the experiment.
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Han, Xiangyu, Qilong Zhao, Bin Jia, Jinqiao Liu, Qionglin Li, and Quan Zhang. "A Method for Determining the Fracture Toughness of Shotcrete Materials Subjected to Freeze–Thaw Cycles." Materials 18, no. 1 (2025): 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010171.

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Defects can be introduced into shotcrete materials after a few freeze–thaw cycles, which has a significant influence on the fracture performance of shotcrete. In this study, a series of shotcrete specimens with varying sizes, geometries, and initial crack lengths were prepared to investigate the fracture properties of notched shotcrete under freeze–thaw conditions. Considering the effects of specimen boundaries and material microstructure, a linear closed-form solution was proposed to determine the fracture toughness of frost-damaged shotcrete. The fracture toughness was found to be a reliable material constant, independent of specimen geometry variations. Results from three-point bending (3PB) tests show that freeze–thaw cycles severely weaken the fracture toughness of shotcrete, which is consistent with CT scan images of the damaged microstructure of the shotcrete specimens. Moreover, specimens with longer initial notches exhibited more severe freeze–thaw damage, which should be carefully considered in practical engineering assessments. These findings highlight the critical importance of considering freeze–thaw effects and notch length when evaluating the durability of shotcrete in cold region applications.
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Wang, Ze Xing, Jin Hua Jiang, and Nan Liang Chen. "Notch Size and Loading Rate on the Tensile Behavior of Woven Fabric Reinforced Flexible Composite with Symmetrical Double Edge Notch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.49.

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In order to investigate the effects of lager notch ratio (2α/W) and loading rate on the tensile behavior of woven fabric reinforced flexible composites, in this study, fracture mechanism and tensile strength of finite woven fabric-reinforced flexible composite materials with a through-the-thickness symmetrical located double edge notches is experimentally investigated, and the effects of notch size, loading rate on the tensile properties of notched specimen are analyzed. The results show that the woven fabric reinforced flexible composites exhibit notch sensitivity and loading rate dependent. These results play an important role in predicting strength and evaluating the lifetime of textile reinforced flexible composite materials with double edge notches.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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Amini, Ahmad J. "Static and Fatigue Failure Response of Woven Carbon Fiber Specimens with Double Edge Notches." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/425.

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Carbon fiber composites are continually seeing increased use in aerospace applications. It is necessary to understand their failure modes in order to properly design and perform analysis on structures constructed primarily from them. This thesis studies woven carbon fiber composites with and without double-edge notches in a series of static and fatigue tests performed on an Instron 8801 servo-hydraulic testing system. Specimens were constructed of Advanced Composites Group product # LTM45EL woven carbon fiber pre-preg/epoxy and were cut to approximately 9-inch in length and 1-inch in width. Notches were cut into some of the specimens using a slitting saw blade of 0.006-in. thickness. Ultimate strength, Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio for specimens were determined to be 119,418 psi, 7,149,000 psi and 0.05, respeictively. Fracture stress for specimens with notch depths of 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 was determined to be 93,481 psi, 88,193 psi, 86,968 psi, 81,112 psi, 84,197 psi and 81,955 psi, respectively. The results from these tests showed that the specimens followed Griffith’s model for brittle failure. Average number of cycles to failure was determined to be 6,600, 37,200, 94,300 and 293,400 for fatigue tests with maximum stresses of 72.5%, 75%, 77.5% and 80% of the ultimate strength. Fatigue tests performed on notched specimens produced data that was too scattered from which to draw a statistically significant result. Numerical modeling in Abacus showed comparable results to experimental tests for stress and strain.
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Chang, Tsunou. "The notched coating adhesion specimen : a fracture test for coatings and accelerated screening test for adhesion /." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063511/.

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Sener, Karakas Sinem. "Shear Mode Rock Fracture Toughness Determination With A Circular Plate Type Specimen Under Three-point Bending." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613036/index.pdf.

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Fracture toughness is an important rock property for rock fracturing and fragmentation applications. Theory and practice of opening mode (mode I) and shearing mode (mode II) fracture toughness tests are still in a developing stage for the cylindrical rock cores. A new circular plate type test specimen is used for mode II fracture toughness testing on rock cores. This involves a straight edge notched circular plate type core disc geometry under three-point bending load<br>new method and its associated specimen geometry is referred as straight edge notched disc bend (SNDB) specimen under three-point bending. Mode II fracture toughness results of the tests with this new geometry were compared to the results of the tests commonly employed for mode II fracture toughness testing. Specimen geometries were modeled and mode II stress intensity factors were computed by finite element modeling using ABAQUS program. For comparison purposes, mode II or shearing mode fracture toughness KIIc of two different rock types were determined by different testing methods commonly employed in recent practice. Core specimens of Ankara andesite and Afyon marble rock types were tested with cracked chevron notched Brazilian disc and cracked straight through Brazilian disc specimens under Brazilian type loading, semi-circular bend specimen and straight edge notched disc bending specimen geometries under three-point bending.For all testing groups, cylindrical cores with diameters varying from 7.5 cm to 12.5 cm were prepared with notch lengths changing from 1.5 cm to 2.6 cm. Effect of specimen thickness on mode II fracture toughness was investigated for three different testing methods. Fracture toughness values remained constant when thickness of the specimens was increased for cracked straight through Brazilian disc, semi-circular bend and straight notched disc bend methods. For cracked straight through Brazilian disc method KIIc values of Ankara andesite and Afyon marble were 0.99 MPa&radic<br>m and 0.86 MPa&radic<br>m, respectively. Mode II fracture toughness with semi-circular bend specimen was 0.43 MPa&radic<br>m for andesite and 0.46 MPa&radic<br>m for marble. When the results of the two three-point bending type tests were compared straight notched disc under three-point bending resulted in higher KIIc values (0.61 MPa&radic<br>m for andesite and 0.62 MPa&radic<br>m for marble) than the results found by semi-circular bend tests.
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Schuller, Daniel. "Determinação da tenacidade à fratura do aço aeronáutico 300M, submetido a diferentes parâmetros de tratamentos térmicos e criogenia, utilizando técnica de corpo cilíndrico com entalhe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-12052016-092247/.

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Foi realizado estudo sobre a influência da variação de alguns parâmetros do tratamento térmico de têmpera e revenimento, bem como aplicação de criogenia, na tenacidade a fratura do aço aeronáutico 300M, com a utilização da técnica de corpo cilíndrico com entalhe. Primeiramente, realizou-se a construção da curva de transição dúctil frágil, através de ensaio Charpy, para amostras submetidas a três tratamentos térmicos, 1 - Têmpera seguida de Revenimento, 2 - Têmpera seguida de criogenia e revenimento. Não foi observada influência significativa da aplicação da criogenia (tratamento de numero 2) na curva de transição dúctil-frágil em comparação com o tratamento térmico número 1. Em um segundo momento, com o auxílio da técnica de ensaio de corpo cilíndrico com entalhe, realizou-se a medição da tenacidade à fratura das amostras do aço 300M submetido a quatro diferentes tratamento térmicos, Q, V, C e D. Os tratamentos variavam entre si principalmente pela temperatura de austenitização. Os valores de dureza para as amostras submetidas a criogenia (V e D) foram maiores que as dos tratamentos sem criogenia (Q e C), e também apresentaram tenacidade à fratura menor. Com relação à temperatura de austenitização, observou-se que os tratamentos C e D, austenitizados a 980°C, propiciaram a completa dissolução de precipitados primários da matriz, elevando a tenacidade à fratura com relação aos tratamentos realizados na faixa de 870°C, Q e V, superando também os efeitos negativos para a tenacidade à fratura devido ao aumento no tamanho de grão.<br>This work studies the influence of the variation for some parameters on quenching and tempering heat treatment, and also deep cryogenic application, on aeronautic steel 300M fracture toughness. First, the ductile-brittle curve was constructed, by Charpy test, for samples submitted for three heat treatments, 1 Quenching and Tempering, 2 Quenching, deep cryogenic and tempering. No significant influence of deep cryogenic treatment addition (heat treatment 2) on ductile-brittle curve was observed in comparison with heat treatment 1. After that, the fracture toughness for 300M steel, submitted for heat treatments Q, V, C e D, was measured using circumferentially notched specimens technique. The main difference among these heat treatments is about austenitizing temperature. For heat treatments with deep cryogenic treatment (V and D), the hardness values were bigger than the ones without this and, analyzing fracture toughness, it was lower than the treatments without cryogenic treatment. Regarding austenitizing temperature, all heat treatments with higher austenitizing temperature at 980°C (C and D), allows complete dissolution of carbides and prior precipitates particles. Its effect was observed that this characteristic increase the fracture toughness when it is compared with others heat treatments with lower austenitizing temperature at 870°C (Q and V). This improvement is enough to overcome the grain size grown negative effects for fracture toughness.
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Ahmad, Haider Yousif. "Fatigue crack growth at notches." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360410.

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Stehn, Lars. "Fracture toughness of sea ice : development of a test system based on shevron notched specimens." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och -produktion, 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18782.

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Holušová, Táňa. "Analýza napjatosti a porušení ve zkušebních tělesech používaných pro určování lomově-mechanických parametrů kvazikřehkých materiálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225575.

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The thesis is focused on a test on determination of the fracture-mechanical parameters of quasi-brittle materials, especially concrete. What is referred to as the wedge-splitting test is considered, for which a variety of shapes of notched specimen can be used. This work is exclusively focused on the cylinder-shaped specimen of diameter 150 mm and breadth of 100 mm. The test is performed virtually using Atena 2D FEM software. Progress of failure is observed during loading of the specimen for various notch lengths. The amount of energy released for the development the failure outside of the tested cross-sectional area (weakened by the notch) is quantified and the size of the fracture process zone is investigated. The described analysis is performed for several material sets witch differ in cohesive properties of the quasi-brittle material expressed via the so-called characteristic length. Suitable proportions of the test specimen are sought, in order to avoid the failure and thus also the energy dissipation outside of the specimen ligament area during the experimental tests, which shall lead to more accurate estimates of fracture-mechanical parameters of the tested material.
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Rintamaa, Rauno. "Single specimen fracture toughness determination procedure using instrumented impact test /." Espoo [Finland] : Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1993. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/30658.

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Jernberg, Håkan. "Cleavage fracture toughness at varying specimen size and crack depth." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258428.

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Cleavage fracture is one of the most severe failure modes in low alloy ferritic steel structures and the fracture toughness is strongly dependent on the size of the specimen, crack depth and temperature. This thesis investigates how the fracture toughness is affected under conditions that relates to size and constraint effects through a fracture mechanical experiment test series. Furthermore, modeling the experiment with a non-local weakest link model to investigate the importance of the stress measure and how the model parameters can be determined for yielding the best result. The experiment is divided into two sets of testing, a pre-test series to determine an appropriate testing temperature for the main test series. The second set consists of four groups with different sizes and crack depth with 12 specimens in each group. The testing temperature was determined to be -155 ◦C. For the large sized test specimen with a shallow crack, the master curve fails to accurately predict the probability of failure by overestimating the fracture toughness. This is not the case for the small test specimens which indicates that the size effects exceeds the low constraint effects for larger sized test specimens and development of the master curve method is needed. When evaluating the stress state in front of the crack tip in the non-local weakest link model, the results yields the least residual error was obtained when using a large sized specimen with high constraint together with a small sized specimen with low constraint for prediction of the probability of failure.
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Gerguri, Shpend. "Brittle fracture criterion for failure prediction of notches and brazed metal-to-ceramic joints." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532050.

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Books on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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1959-, Sokolov Mikhail, Landes J. D, Lucas Glenn E. 1951-, and ASTM International. Committee E10 on Nuclear Technology and Applications., eds. Small specimen test techniques. ASTM, 2002.

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S, Raju I., O'Brien T. Kevin, and Langley Research Center, eds. Strain-energy-release rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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S, Raju I., O'Brien T. Kevin, and Langley Research Center, eds. Strain-energy-release rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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S, Raju I., O'Brien T. Kevin, and Langley Research Center, eds. Strain-energy-release rate analysis of the end-notched flexure specimen using the finite-element method. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1987.

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Salem, J. A. Fracture toughness of Si₃N₄ measurement with short bar chevron-notched specimens. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1985.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and University of Maryland at College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineering., eds. Crack-speed relations inferred from large single-edge notched specimens of A 533 B steel. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and University of Maryland at College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineering., eds. Crack-speed relations inferred from large single-edge notched specimens of A 533 B steel. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research. Division of Engineering. and University of Maryland at College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineering., eds. Crack-speed relations inferred from large single-edge notched specimens of A 533 B steel. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1994.

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Vogelsang, M. Measurement and calculation of parameters for local fracture criteria on notched tensile specimens. UMIST, 1995.

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Kirk, M. T. J and CTOD estimation equations for shallow cracks in single edge notch bend specimens. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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Recho, N., J. Li, and D. Leguillon. "V-Notched Specimen Under Mixed-Mode Fracture." In Experimental Analysis of Nano and Engineering Materials and Structures. Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_98.

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Kozák, V., and A. Novák. "Probabilistic Local Approach Based on Notched Tensile Specimen Data." In Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0880-8_10.

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Abendroth, Martin, Shahin Takht Firouzeh, Meinhard Kuna, and Bjoern Kiefer. "Determination of the Temperature-Dependent Fracture and Damage Properties of Ceramic Filter Materials from Small Scale Specimens." In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_23.

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AbstractOpen cell ceramic foam filters are used to improve the quality of metallic cast products. They play a major role on reducing the number of inclusions within the microstructure of the cast product and restraining the liquid flow inside the mold. The newly developed carbon-bonded alumina ceramics are investigated considering the mechanical and thermal loads of the filtration process. The aim of this project is to assess the strength, the fracture mechanical behavior, and the damage properties of the filter material. Since the tiny struts of the foam have different properties than the common bulk material specimen, small specimens of millimeter size are needed. Within this work, a combination of experiments and numerical simulations are conducted for various mechanical tests at temperatures up to 1500 $${}^{\circ }\text {C}$$ ∘ C . The first test is the small punch test (SPT), where a small disk-like specimen is supported on a circular die and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure of the disk occurs. The small punch fracture stress is obtained from the experiments, as well as the corresponding parameters of the Weibull distribution necessary for the evaluation of the cold modulus of rupture (CMOR). Furthermore, a modified version of the SPT, the so called ball on three ball test (B3B), is carried out. In the B3B test, miniaturized disk-shaped specimens are supported with three spherical balls and loaded with a spherical tipped punch until failure. Hereby, the fracture mechanical parameters, such as the fracture toughness, are identified with the help of numerical simulations. Moreover, the Chevron notched beam test (CNB) is used to determine the fracture toughness of the ceramics. The final test is the Brazilian disc test (BDT), where compressive loads are exerted on the specimen leading to tensile stresses along the specimen diameter, perpendicular to the applied load direction. This test is employed to determine the Young’s modulus, the yield stress and the fracture toughness. In general the simplicity of all these tests, their setup, application, and results evaluation, in addition to the ease of specimens production, make them very attractive. The size of these specimens is about one order of magnitude smaller than that of common standard tests. The accompanying numerical simulations are inevitable to extract from the measurements the wanted mechanical properties.
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Dlouhý, I., Z. Chlup, and M. Holzmann. "Local Characteristics of (Brittle) Failure Assessed from Charpy Type Specimen." In Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0880-8_9.

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Lee, Hyun Woo, and Se-Jong Oh. "Fatigue Crack Growth of Notched Tubular Specimen under Biaxial Loading Conditions." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.139.

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Jóźwik, P., and L. Śnieżek. "Experimental Analysis of Crack Growth in a Notched Specimen Made of Ni3Al Intermetallic Alloy." In Notch Effects in Fatigue and Fracture. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0880-8_16.

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Kim, Jae Hoon, Duck Hoi Kim, Nam Su Rho, Young Shin Lee, Song Heo Koo, and Soon Il Moon. "An Evaluation of Fracture Toughness of Glass-Filled Ceramic Using Notched Specimen." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.927.

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Suzuki, Akira, Akira Tanji, Zenjiro Yajima, Yukio Hirose, and Keisuke Tanaka. "X-Ray Diffraction Study of Fracture Surface Made by Fracture Toughness Tests of Blunt Notched CT Specimen of Aluminum Alloy." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis. Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1935-1_64.

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Hertel, D., T. Fett, and D. Munz. "Fatigue of Notched Alumina Specimens." In Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5853-8_3.

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Popovich, V. A., T. Opraus, M. Janssen, B. Hu, and A. C. Riemslag. "The Use of Circumferentially Notched Tension (CNT) Specimen for Fracture Toughness Assessment of High Strength Steels." In TMS 2018 147th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72526-0_47.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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Scholz, A., C. Berger, F. Mueller, and A. Klenk. "Long-Term Crack Behavior under Creep and Creep-Fatigue Conditions of Heat Resistant Steels." In AM-EPRI 2007, edited by R. Viswanathan, D. Gandy, and K. Coleman. ASM International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2007p0718.

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Abstract High temperature components with notches, defects and flaws may be subject to crack initiation and crack propagation under long-term service conditions. To study these problems and to support an advanced remnant life evaluation, fracture mechanics procedures are required. Since a more flexible service mode of power plants causes more start up and shut down events as well as variable loading conditions, creep-fatigue crack behavior becomes more and more decisive for life assessment and integrity of such components. For steam power plant forged and cast components, the crack initiation time and crack growth rate of heat resistant steels were determined in long-term regime up to 600 °C. Component-like double edge notched tension specimens have been examined. The results are compared to those obtained using the standard compact tension specimen. Crack initiation time and crack growth rate have been correlated using the fracture mechanics parameter C*. The applicability of the stress intensity factor KI to describe the creep crack behavior is also being assessed. A modified Two-Criteria-Diagram was applied and adapted in order to recalculate crack initiation times under creep-fatigue conditions. Recommendations are given to support the use of different fracture mechanics parameters in order to describe the long-term crack behavior under creep and/or creep-fatigue conditions.
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Gittos, M. F. "Resistance of Dissimilar Joints between Steel and Nickel Alloys to Hydrogen-Assisted Cracking." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08095.

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Abstract Dissimilar joints between ferritic steels and nickel alloys are used in many subsea applications, typically without problems, but cracking at the interface may arise when hydrogen is present. The paper includes the results of constant load, step load and slow strain rate tests on tensile specimens, with and without notches, and slow strain rate fracture mechanics tests on notched bend specimens, all under cathodic charging in simulated seawater. Specimens were taken from an 8630 forging welded with nickel alloy 625 and 725 consumables.
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Yang, Qiang, Chun Yu Bai, and Bin Wen Wang. "Evolution Mechanism of Three-Point Bending Impact Fatigue Damage in Ultra-High Strength Steel 23Co14Ni12Cr3MoE Material." In The 12th International Conference on Fracture Fatigue and Wear. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3eo2at.

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Carrier-based aircraft takeoff and landing devices endure repeated high-speed, high-energy, and high-load impacts during operation. This repeated impact results in fatigue damage, a primary cause of failure in these devices, commonly known as impact fatigue. To address multiple impact fatigue failures in the takeoff and landing process of carrier-based aircraft, an investigation into the three-point bending impact fatigue characteristics of ultra-high-strength steel 23Co14Ni12Cr3MoE (abbreviated as A100 material) was conducted using experimental and microscopic techniques. A reproducible impact loading device for three-point bending tests was devised, leveraging a drop hammer impact tester. This innovative setup enabled the proposal of a three-point bending impact fatigue testing method. Test specimens featuring U-shaped, V-90°, and V-60° notches were designed, drawing inspiration from the Charpy pendulum impact test for metallic materials (GB/T 229-2007). Impact fatigue testing was then performed on the drop hammer tester across five distinct energy levels: 25J, 30J, 35J, 40J, and 45J.The study comprehensively examined the load response, energy absorption, and fatigue life of the A100 material in relation to the number of notches and impacts. Post-experiment analysis using a light microscope and SEM electron microscope revealed key morphological features of the A100 material's impact fatigue fracture surface: the crack initiation zone, stable crack propagation zone, rapid crack propagation zone, and shear lip area. Notably, as impact energy rose, the crack propagation zone expanded, while the shear lip area contracted.These findings contribute significantly to understanding the fatigue behavior of A100 material under repeated impact conditions, critical for enhancing the durability and safety of carrier-based aircraft takeoff and landing devices.
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Moore, Philippa. "The Effect of Notch Sharpness on the Fracture Toughness Determined From SENT Specimens." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24663.

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Fracture toughness test standards require specimens to be fatigue precracked to generate conservative values of fracture toughness. Nonetheless, it is believed that for ductile steels on the upper-shelf, whether or not the electro-discharge machined (EDM) notch is subsequently fatigue precracked does not affect the value of fracture toughness obtained. Avoiding fatigue precracking during single edge notched tension (SENT) specimen preparation would reduce the testing time, and improve notch placement accuracy and straightness. However, there are circumstances when using EDM notches causes the fracture toughness to be overestimated. It is important to know when fatigue precracking affects the fracture toughness and when it does not. In the work presented here, SENT testing was performed on EDM notched specimens, and on specimens which were subsequently fatigue precracked. Tests were conducted at +20°C, −20°C and −80°C to compare ductile and brittle behaviour. The full tearing resistance curves (R-curves) were reasonably independent of the fatigue precracking, but the initiation value of δ0.2 was higher when EDM notches were used. At lower test temperatures, the difference in fracture behaviour between both notch types was more significant. EDM notches can therefore be most justified for the assessment of fracture toughness determined from the maximum load in the load-displacement curve, i.e. upper shelf behaviour. The upper shelf can be determined from standard fracture toughness testing or estimated using Charpy data, without performing additional fracture toughness tests. Several Charpy-based criteria for determining the temperature of the upper shelf were also evaluated in this work.
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Tang, Huang, Mario Macia, Karel Minnaar, Paulo Gioielli, Sandeep Kibey, and Doug Fairchild. "Development of the SENT Test for Strain-Based Design of Welded Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31590.

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Strain-based design (SBD) pipelines are being considered to develop hydrocarbon resources in severe environments. As part of a research program to develop a SBD methodology, work was conducted to develop a suitable fracture mechanics test that can be used as part of a strain capacity prediction technique. The single edge notched tensile (SENT) specimen geometry has been chosen due to the similarity in crack-tip constraint conditions with that of defects in pipeline girth welds. This paper describes a single-specimen compliance method suitable for measuring ductile fracture resistance in terms of crack tip opening displacement resistance (CTOD-R) curves. The development work included investigation of the following items: specimen geometry, crack geometry and orientation (including crack depth effects), direct measurement of CTOD. The results demonstrate that toughness measurements obtained using a B = W configuration (B = specimen thickness, W = specimen width) with side grooves are similar to those using a B = 2W configuration without side grooves; however, specimens with side grooves and B = W geometry facilitates even crack growth. Studies of crack depth have shown that ductile fracture resistance decreases with increasing ratio of the initial crack depth to specimen width, a0/W. Studies of notch location and orientation (outer diameter (OD) and inner diameter (ID) surface notches and through-thickness notches) have shown an effect of this variable on the CTOD-R curves. This has been partly attributed to crack progression (tearing direction) with respect to weld geometry and this effect is consistent with damage modeling predictions. However the experimentally observed difference of CTOD-R curves between ID and OD notches is believed to be primarily due to the material variability through the pipe thickness.
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Hasenhütl, Andre, Marion Erdelen-Peppler, and Christoph Kalwa. "Inverse Fracture: What is it All About?" In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33476.

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The transition temperature behavior of pipes subjected to propagating fracture is assessed by means of Battelle Drop Weight Tear (BDWT) tests. These consist of notched specimens which are subjected to impact loading under a three point bend test configuration. The fracture surface is assessed to derive shear or brittle portions that are macroscopically visible. These have been shown to correspond well to the fracture surface of a pipe subjected to a propagating fracture. Historically, it is required for the test to either exhibit entirely ductile fracture or a combination of brittle and ductile provided that the test initiates in a brittle fashion with propagation in a ductile manner. Conversely, tests exhibiting ductile initiation with brittle or mixed brittle and ductile propagation are not acceptable to some standards/specifications. In recent times, this requirement has been softened in certain standards/specifications but it remains to be explained what these two diverging opinions are based upon and which one of the two is the correct one. This nominally unacceptable fracture mode has been termed inverse or abnormal fracture and is frequently observed with modern pipeline steels. Other than inverse fracture character, these specimens show every sign of highly ductile material being tested. The unanswered question is: does the brittle area reflect material properties or is it caused by the specific test conditions meaning that it is simply a testing issue? Furthermore, the reason to retain the requirement is not obvious and a procedure is missing on how to assess this type of specimen. The only possibility outlined in testing standards to avoid inverse fracture is the use of an alternative notch, the so-called Chevron notch that is supposed to facilitate brittle crack initiation. Mostly, the problem remains unsolved and further guidance is not given. Current research aims at avoiding invalid results by choosing different notches that could potentially be successful but also on checking the correspondence of results of testing inverse material to pipe behavior in West Jefferson tests. Alternatives discussed to avoid inverse fracture are, apart from the above named one, static pre-cracked notches and fatigue notches. Within this paper, test results of specimens notched with all of these notches are presented. None of these were successful in eliminating inverse fracture. Literature studies were conducted to understand the background of the requirement. Investigations of material behavior after having been subject to heavy pre-strain were carried out. The question is, on basis of the available evidence, which conclusions can be drawn and if these are sound enough to derive general guidance.
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Hamid, Zalikha Murni Abdul, Keun-Hyung Bae, Gyo-Geun Youn, Dae-Young Lee, Yun-Jae Kim, and Masayuki Kamaya. "Fracture Mechanics Study on the Effects of Various Notch Radii by Using FE Analysis." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45749.

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This paper predicts the effects of notch root radius on the ductile fracture behavior of the structure through evaluation based on fracture mechanics concept. To understand the effects of notch radii on structure, FE analysis of J-integral for plane strain deformation fields with various size of notches were predicted. The fracture toughness of the specimens with various notch radii were determined by stress modified fracture strain damage model FE simulation that was established based on notched bar tensile test data. The simulated results were validated by comparison with the experiment data. Findings show that the value of apparent fracture toughness increases with the increase in the notch radii. Therefore, indicates the increase in the resistance to the crack propagation. Similar trend can be shown for both C(T) and M(T) specimen. Thus, shows that the proposed method can be used to obtain effects of various notch radii.
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Park, Dong-Yeob, Jean-Philippe Gravel, C. Hari Manoj Simha, Jie Liang, and Da-Ming Duan. "Fracture Toughness of X70 Pipe Girth Welds Using Clamped SE(T) and SE(B) Single-Specimens." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33233.

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Shallow-notched single edge-notched tension (SE(T) or SENT) and deep- and shallow-notched single edge-notched bend (SE(B) or SENB) specimens with notches positioned in the weld and the heat-affected zone were tested. Crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) versus resistance curves were obtained using both a single and double clip gauge consolidated in a SE(T) single-specimen. Up until the peak load the resistance curves from both gauging methods yield approximately the same results; thereafter the curves deviate. Interrupted testing showed that the crack had initiated below 50% of the peak load, and in some cases had propagated significantly prior to reaching the peak load.
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Pisarski, Henryk G., and Colin M. Wignall. "Fracture Toughness Estimation for Pipeline Girth Welds." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27094.

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The relationship between fracture toughness estimated using standard single edge notch bend (SENB), single edge notch tension (SENT) test specimens and fracture toughness associated with a circumferential flaw in a pipe girth weld is explored in terms of constraint using the Q parameter. It is shown that in the elastic-plastic regime, use of standard deeply notched SENB specimens provides a conservative assessment of fracture toughness, for both weld metal and HAZ, because of the high constraint associated with this specimen geometry. Use of specimen geometries and loading modes associated with lower constraint (e.g. SENT and shallowed notched SENB specimens), allow for improved estimates of fracture toughness to be made that are appropriate for the assessment of circumferential flaws in pipe girth welds. Recommendations are given on the specimen designs and notch orientations to be employed when evaluating weld metal and HAZ fracture toughness.
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Horn, Anthony J., and Peter J. Budden. "Development of Test Guidance for Single Edge Notch Bend Fracture Toughness Specimens Containing Notches Instead of Fatigue Pre-Cracks." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45474.

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Structural integrity assessment codes such as R6 and BS7910 provide guidance on the assessment of flaws that are assumed to be infinitely sharp. In many cases, such as fatigue cracks, this assumption is appropriate, however it can be pessimistic for flaws that do not have sharp tips such as lack of fusion, porosity or mechanical damage. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to quantify the additional margins that may be present for non-sharp defects compared to the margins that would be calculated if the defect were assumed to be a sharp crack. A common feature of these methods is the need to understand how the effective toughness, characterised using the J-integral for a notch, varies with notch acuity. No comprehensive guidance currently exists for obtaining J experimentally from specimens containing notches, hence the typical approach is to use equations intended for pre-cracked specimens to calculate J for notched specimens. This paper presents a comprehensive set of test guidance for calculating J from Single Edge Notch Bend (SENB) fracture toughness specimens containing notches instead of fatigue pre-cracks. This has been achieved using 3D Finite Element Analyses to quantify the accuracy of formulae intended for pre-cracked specimens in fracture toughness testing standards ASTM E1820, BS7448-1 and ESIS P2-92 when applied to specimens containing notches. The paper quantifies the accuracy of these equations for notched SENB specimens and identifies the conditions under which the equations can lead to inaccurate measurement of J for notched specimens.
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Reports on the topic "Fracture of specimen with notches"

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Maxey and Barnes. L51622 The Chevron Notched Drop-Weight-Tear-Test Specimen. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010366.

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This research is aimed at finding a new type of notch that would produce propagation data similar to that produced by the PC DWTT. High-toughness materials and materials that had previously been studied were used assuming that if the new notch worked on these materials it would be satisfactory for lower toughness materials. Several notch modifications were tried and most were no better than the standard pressed notch used in the API specimen. A search for a new type of notch for the standard drop-weight-tear-test (DWTT) specimen has been completed. This new notch specimen is to replace the precracked DWTT specimen which has been shown to predict full-scale behavior but has received-little support from pipe manufacturers. The new notch is a chevron notch causing fracture initiation to occur at a machined point located at mid-wall thicknessand about 0.2 inch below the specimen edge (i.e., at the same depth as the pressed-in notch of the standard DWTT). No precracking or other severe prestraining, which may create strain aging problems, is required to produce the specimen. A good correlation was obtained between the chevron-notched DWTT and the Charpy V-notch specimens for conventionally rolled steels; this correlation effectively ties the chevron notched data to past fracture research data and to published correlations thatdescribe fracture in terms of Charpy upper-shelf energy. A procedure is included for preparing and conducting the Chevron notched DWTT.
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Tiku, Sanjay, Nick Pussegoda (Archived), Morvarid Ghovanlou, and W. R. Tyson. PR-214-114509-R01 Standardization of Weld Testing for Fracture Toughness using Single Edge Notched Tests. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011578.

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Fracture toughness of steels is conventionally measured using bend specimens and provides a conservative estimate of toughness when the actual loading is in tension. There has been wide-spread interest in characterizing the toughness that occurs with reduced constraint to better reflect constraint conditions typical of a relatively shallow girth weld flaw. Recent developments in fracture toughness testing and analysis of tension loaded specimens have led to publications by CANMET Materials Technology Laboratory (now CanmetMATERIALS, CMAT) and ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company (ExxonMobil) toward development of a single-specimen procedure. As part of an initiative to enhance the state of the art in strain-based design and assessment methods, with the intent of providing support for the standardization of appropriate weld testing methods, BMT Canada Ltd (BMT), under a Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) project, has combined the two single-specimen approaches and developed a recommended practice for fracture toughness testing using single-edge-notched tension SENT (or SE(T)) samples with fixed grip loading. The procedure has been assessed by means of a round robin test program involving laboratories from around the world. Girth welds were fabricated and base metal, heat affected zone and weld center line specimens were prepared and sent to round robin participants. For the round robin program all the participants used a double clip gauge arrangement for direct CTOD measurement and electric potential drop or unloading compliance methods for crack growth measurement. In this paper, the results of the round robin test program including comparison of J and CTOD resistance curves will be presented and discussed.
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Kramer, Wilkowski, and Maxey. L51514 Flow Tolerance of Spiral-Welded Line Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011237.

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The goals of this research program were to: (1) assess the mechanical and fracture properties of spiral-welded pipe, (2) characterize the crack initiation and maximum load carrying capacity, and (3) determine stress magnification factors for helical flaws. Flattened-strap tensile tests, Charpy V-notch (CVN) tests, and JIC fracture toughness tests were performed to meet the first objective. Results showed that tensile properties are independent of specimen orientation, while CVN data varied by as much as 3 to 1 for parallel vs. transverse machined specimens. Full-scale pipe fracture experiments were conducted to meet the second and third objectives. Results showed that crack initiation was parallel to the rolling direction regardless of the principle stress direction. Stress magnification factors were also developed for through-wall and surface cracks under longitudinal and circumferential stresses. These factors allow design engineers to predict the critical bending stress, circumferential stress, and flaw size for spiral-welded pipe.
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Malik. L51877 Crack Arrest Toughness to Avoid Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Gas Transmission Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010192.

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Design against long ductile fracture propagation in gas pipelines involves an analysis of the balance between driving force, derived from the gas pressure, and the fracture resistance of the material. Initially, the shelf energy in the Charpy test was successfully used as a measure of fracture propagation resistance. As material strength, pipe diameter and operating pressures increased and required greater fracture propagation resistance, the limitations of the Charpy energy approach became increasingly apparent. This limitation for modern steels is due to the fact that the Charpy test involves significant energy absorption contributions from processes not related to fracture propagation. If an energy-balance approach is to be maintained, and if material resistance is to be measured in a fairly simple laboratory notch bend test (e.g. Charpy or drop-weight tear), the problem reduces to the isolation of the propagation energy absorption per unit of crack advance. To resolve crack propagation energy, a novel modification was evaluated for both Charpy and DWTT specimens by employing a back-slot including a snug fitting shim to replace the removed material. In most cases, this modification was effective in curtailing the load-displacement trace when the propagating crack interacted with the slot on the backside of the specimen. It is also noted that this approach did not affect the initial portion of the load-displacement history and thus allowed crack propagation energies to be resolved.
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Gill. L51675 Effects of Weldment Property Variations on the Behavior of Line Pipe. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010133.

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A steel weldment is a composite of zones or layers of different microstructures that possess different material properties. The zones include the base metal (or the sections of pipe), the weld metal, and a complex heat-affected zone (HAZ) of base metal that has been exposed to a variety of thermal cycles resulting in varying microstructures. The material properties of primary concern with respect to the mechanical behavior of the pipe are the stress-strain response (the constitutive properties) and the resistance to initiation and propagation of cracks or tears in the presence of a crack, notch, or other stress concentrator (the fracture toughness properties). Most of the experimental data on the behavior of welds with significant discontinuities were obtained from test specimens with surface or through-thickness notches or cracks. These data typically show an increase in load or nominal ductility for overmatched welds and a decrease in load or nominal ductility for undermatched welds. However, there are cases where the presence of a soft zone may enhance the nominal ductility and cases where overmatched welds will decrease the nominal ductility. The latter is especially likely in a girth weld with a circumferential crack in the HAZ.
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Wilkowski, Gery. PR-276-184501-R01 Toughness Specification to Avoid Brittle Fracture in New Linepipe Steels. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011658.

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Historically, Charpy test results have been used for assessing linepipe steels for fitness-for-service or new pipeline design, and the linepipe steels should be chosen such that the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature of the steel is below the minimum design service temperature. The transition temperature is typically much different for crack initiation versus crack propagation. This study focused on the transition temperature for fracture initiation which is important for liquid as well as high-energy lines. However, in recent studies, different behavior between vintage and newer steels has been noticed for the fracture initiation transition temperature relative to Charpy data. Even the fracture surface appearance in the Charpy test is much different for vintage steels than for newer steels. To investigate the above issues, the objectives of the current project were set to: a) determine if the fracture initiation transition temperature for new linepipe steels is similar to that in older steels, and how to predict it better if Charpy data are insufficient; and b) understand if the Charpy energy requirement for API 5L PSL-2 linepipe is always adequate to ensure ductile fracture initiation at the Charpy test temperature. In this project, the transition temperature behaviors of three linepipe steels from the Charpy test data, results from drop-weight tests to determine the nil-ductility temperature or DWT-NDT, and findings from more sophisticated fracture tests such as single-edge-notched tension [SEN(T)] that is representative of surface-cracked pipe behavior, and compact tension [C(T)] specimen tests that are representative of through-wall-cracked pipe behavior were determined. The report summarizes the key findings of the project for newer steels and attempts to contrast fracture initiation behavior in vintage versus newer linepipe steels.
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Wang and Zhou. L52334 Curved Wide Plate Test Results and Transferability of Test Specimens. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010008.

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The work described in this report focuses on the development of data processing routines for curved-wide-plate (CWP) tests, the presentation of test results in a consistent and unified format, generation of fracture resistance curves from, and the examination of transferability between CWP and SENT (single-edge-notched tension) test specimens. The results of this work can be used for: Drafting and implementing consistent test procedures for CWP tests, Formulating test data for consistent presentation and comparison, Understanding the differences and limitations of test specimens of different scales, Making the best selection of test specimens for a given set of objectives, and Making correct interpretation of test data and their relevance to girth weld performance.
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Baratta, Francis I., and John H. Underwood. Notch Dimensions for Three-Point Bend Fracture Specimens Based on Compliance Analyses. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada254641.

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Dinovitzer, Aaron. PR-214-114509-R02 Standardization of Weld testing Methods - Fracture Toughness Measurements. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010770.

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The focus in this project was a workshop with the objective of promoting the standardization of fracture toughness testing procedures applicable to pipeline girths welds using SENT specimens. The participants included those currently active in the test procedures used in North America and Europe. The aim of this workshop was to develop guidelines for a round robin testing program with the focus on testing of SENT specimens with a surface notch in the girth weld zone
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Joyce, J. A., and R. E. Link. The effect of electric discharge machined notches on the fracture toughness of several structural alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187626.

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