Journal articles: 'Fracture toughness master curve'

1

Lambrigger, M. "Master curve for brittle cleavage fracture toughness testing." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 55, no. 4 (November 1996): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7944(95)00259-6.

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Yoon, K. K., W. A. Van Der Sluys, and K. Hour. "Effect of Loading Rate on Fracture Toughness of Pressure Vessel Steels." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 2 (March 7, 2000): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.556176.

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The master curve method has recently been developed to determine fracture toughness in the brittle-to-ductile transition range. This method was successfully applied to numerous fracture toughness data sets of pressure vessel steels. Joyce (Joyce, J. A., 1997, “On the Utilization of High Rate Charpy Test Results and the Master Curve to Obtain Accurate Lower Bound Toughness Predictions in the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition, Small Specimen Test Techniques,” Small Specimens Test Technique, ASTM STP 1329, W. R. Corwin, S. T. Rosinski, and E. Van Walle, eds., ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA) applied this method to high loading rate fracture toughness data for SA-515 steel and showed the applicability of this approach to dynamic fracture toughness data. In order to investigate the shift in fracture toughness from static to dynamic data, B&W Owners Group tested five weld materials typically used in reactor vessel fabrication in both static and dynamic loading. The results were analyzed using ASTM Standard E 1921 (ASTM, 1998, Standard E 1921-97, “Standard Test Method for the Determination of Reference Temperature, T0, for Ferritic Steels in the Transition Range,” 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 03.01, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA). This paper presents the data and the resulting reference temperature shifts in the master curves from static to high loading rate fracture toughness data. This shift in the toughness curve with the loading rate selected in this test program and from the literature is compared with the shift between KIc and KIa curves in ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. In addition, data from the B&W Owners Group test of IAEA JRQ material and dynamic fracture toughness data from the Pressure Vessel Research Council (PVRC) database (Van Der Sluys, W. A., Yoon, K. K., Killian, D. E., and Hall, J. B., 1998, “Fracture Toughness of Ferritic Steels and ASTM Reference Temperature T0,” BAW-2318, Framatome Technologies. Lynchburg, VA) are also presented. It is concluded that the master curve shift due to loading rate can be addressed with the shift between the current ASME Code KIc and KIa curves. [S0094-9930(00)01302-0]

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Zhang, Ya Lin, and Hu Hui. "Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Ductile-Brittle Transition Behaviors of SA738Gr.B Steel Used as Reactor Containment." Key Engineering Materials 795 (March 2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.795.66.

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The low temperature tensile properties, Charpy-V notch impact performance and fracture toughness of SA738Gr.B steel plate for domestic CAP1400 containment vessel were tested. On this basis, the reference temperature T0 of the master curve method was obtained. The fracture toughness distribution of the steel in the whole ductile-brittle transition zone is predicted and its applicability is verified by the theoretical basis of the master curve method. The results show that the reference temperature of SA738Gr.B steel master curve method is-123.6 °C. The master curve method is appropriate for SA738Gr.B steel with domestic nuclear containment vessel.

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4

Wallin, Kim. "Master curve analysis of the “Euro” fracture toughness dataset." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, no. 4 (March 2002): 451–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00071-6.

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Iwadate, T., Y. Tanaka, and H. Takemata. "Prediction of Fracture Toughness KIC Transition Curves of Pressure Vessel Steels From Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Results." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 116, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929601.

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A single and generalized prediction method of fracture toughness KIC transition curves of pressure vessel steels has been greatly desired by engineers in the petro-chemical and nuclear power industries, especially from the viewpoint of life extension of reactor pressure vessels. In this paper, the toughness degradation of Cr-Mo steels during long-term service was examined and the two prediction methods of fracture toughness KIC transition curves were studied using the data of 54 heats. 1) The toughness degradation of 2 1/4Cr-1Mo steels levels off within around 50,000 h service. 2) The FATT versus J-factor (=(Si+Mn)(P+Sn)×104) and/or X (=(10P+5Sb+4Sn+As)x10−2) relationships to estimate the maximum embrittlement of Cr-Mo steels were obtained. 3) A master curve method developed by authors et al.; that is, the method using a KIC/KIC−US versus excess temperature master curve of each material was presented for 2 1/4Cr-1Mo, 1 1/4Cr-1/2Mo, 1Cr and 1/2Mo chemical pressure vessel steels and ASTM A508 C1.1, A508 C1.2, A508 C1.3 and A533 Gr.B C1.1 nuclear pressure vessel steels, where KIC−US is the upper-shelf fracture toughness and excess temperature is test temperature minus FATT. 4) A generalized prediction method to predict the KIC transition curves of any low-alloy steels was developed. This method consists of KIC/KIC−US versus T–T0 master curve and temperature shift ΔT between fracture toughness and CVN impact transition curves versus yield strength relationship, where To is the temperature showing 50 percent KIC−US of the material. 5) The KIC transition curves predicted using both methods showed a good agreement with the lower bound of measured KJC values obtained from JC tests.

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Nagel, G., and J. G. Blauel. "Evaluation of the standard master curve for fracture toughness determination." Nuclear Engineering and Design 190, no. 1-2 (June 1999): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(98)00321-5.

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7

Lambrigger, M. "Apparent fracture toughness master curve of a zirconia—alumina composite." Philosophical Magazine A 77, no. 2 (February 1998): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01418619808223758.

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8

EricksonKirk, Mark, and Marjorie EricksonKirk. "An upper-shelf fracture toughness master curve for ferritic steels." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 83, no. 8 (August 2006): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2006.05.001.

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9

Bhowmik, Sumit, Prasanta Sahoo, Sanjib Kumar Acharyya, Sankar Dhar, and Jayanta Chattopadhyay. "Effect of Microstructure Degradation on Fracture Toughness of 20MnMoNi55 Steel in DBT Region." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 6, no. 3 (July 2016): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2016070102.

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The paper considers the effect of microstructure degradation on fracture toughness of 20MnMoNi55 pressure vessel steel. This degradation is reflected through the shift of fracture toughness vs. temperature curve along the temperature axis and rise in reference temperature in ductile to brittle transition (DBT) region. Hardness also depends on the microstructure of metallic alloys. The present study explores the correlation between hardness and fracture toughness for different microstructures in order to calibrate loss in toughness from hardness. The master curve reference temperature and microhardness for different microstructures are measured experimentally. It is observed that there exists a fair linear relation between microhardness and reference temperature.

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10

Neimitz, Andrzej, Ihor Dzioba, and Tadeusz Pala. "Master Curve of High-Strength Ferritic Steel S960-QC." Key Engineering Materials 598 (January 2014): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.598.178.

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In the paper, the master curve for the high-strength steel S960-QC is derived. It turns out that the mathematical form of the classical master curve can be preserved. However, some coefficients must be changed. The new formula does not contain the influence of the specimen thickness on fracture toughness. The explanation of this observation is proposed.

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11

Mueller, Pablo, P. Spätig, R. Bonadé, G. R. Odette, and D. Gragg. "Fracture toughness master-curve analysis of the tempered martensitic steel Eurofer97." Journal of Nuclear Materials 386-388 (April 2009): 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2008.12.122.

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12

MIURA, Naoki, and Naoki SONEDA. "Evaluation of Fracture Toughness by Master Curve Approach Using Miniature Specimens." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series A 77, no. 777 (2011): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaia.77.680.

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13

Yoon, Ji-Hyun, and Eui-Pak Yoon. "Fracture toughness and the master curve for modified 9Cr−1Mo steel." Metals and Materials International 12, no. 6 (December 2006): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03027747.

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14

Spätig, Philippe, V. Mazánová, S. Suman, and Hans Peter Seifert. "Evaluation of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Fracture Toughness on the Low-Alloy Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel JRQ in the Transition Region." Key Engineering Materials 827 (December 2019): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.827.294.

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Three point bending and impact tests with sub-sized Charpy specimens were performed on the JRQ reference steel for reactor pressure vessels. Quasi-static and dynamic fracture toughness data were calculated and the fracture behavior in the ductile to brittle transition region was evaluated within the frame of the master curve method (ASTM E1921). Specimens with shallow and deep cracks were studied and the respective influence of crack length and loading rate on the reference transition temperature was determined. The force-time curves of specimens with shallow cracks presented significantly smaller oscillations with respect to the absolute force, making the fracture toughness evaluation more accurate.

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15

Adachi, T., M. Osaki, A. Yamaji, and M. Gamou. "Time-temperature dependence of the fracture toughness of a poly(phenylene sulphide) polymer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 217, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146442070321700104.

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The time-temperature dependence of the fracture toughness of poly(phenylene sulphide) (PPS) resin was examined. The fracture toughness was measured at several deflection rates and ambient temperatures in a three-point bending test. On the basis of these experimental results, the master curve of fracture toughness was determined from the shift factor of the thermoviscoelastic characteristics. The time-temperature dependence equivalent law can be applied to the fracture toughness by conducting a fracture test at a variety of rapidly changing deflection rates. The results clearly showed that the fracture passes from brittle to ductile near the glass transition temperature, and that the fracture of PPS is strongly dependent on the thermoviscoelastic characteristics. Therefore, the fracture toughness can be predicted for a wide range of temperatures and over a long time span.

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16

Moattari, Mastaneh, and Iradj Sattari-Far. "Modification of fracture toughness Master Curve considering the crack-tip Q -constraint." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 90 (August 2017): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.02.012.

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17

MIURA, Naoki, and Naoki SONEDA. "1008 Evaluation of Fracture Toughness by Master Curve Approach Using Miniature Specimens." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2010 (2010): 1200–1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2010.1200.

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18

Huh, Nam Su, Ludwig Stumpfrock, Xaver Schuler, and Eberhard Roos. "Quantification of Crack-Tip Constraint Effect on Master Curve Reference Temperature Based on Two-Parameter Approach." Solid State Phenomena 110 (March 2006): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.110.89.

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The master curve has evolved into a mature technology for characterizing the fracture toughness transition of ferritic steels. However, it is well known that the master curve reference temperature (To) values estimated from small laboratory specimen may be biased low due to loss of crack-tip constraint. To quantify such variations of To resulting from differences of crack-tip constraint of testing specimen, two-parameter fracture mechanics approaches are employed in the present study. In this context, fracture toughness test and 3-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis for several standard and nonstandard test specimens are performed to quantify relationship between variations of To and constraint parameters and to find best constraint parameter representing effect of crack-tip constraint on To values evidently. Based on testing and present FE results, To and constraint parameter loci are constructed and engineering To correlation models considering crack-tip constraint are suggested

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19

Sokolov, M. A. "Statistical Analysis of the ASME KIc Database." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841880.

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The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) KIc curve is a function of test temperature (T) normalized to a reference nil-ductility temperature, RTNDT, namely, T – RTNDT. It was constructed as the lower boundary to the available KIc database. Being a lower bound to the unique but limited database, the ASME KIc curve concept does not discuss probability matters. However, a continuing evolution of fracture mechanics advances has led to employment of the Weibull distribution function to model the scatter of fracture toughness values in the transition range. The Weibull statistic/master curve approach was applied to analyze the current ASME KIc database. It is shown that the Weibull distribution function models the scatter in KIc data from different materials very well, while the temperature dependence is described by the master curve. Probabilistic-based tolerance-bound curves are suggested to describe lower-bound KIc values.

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20

Dean, S. W., R. K. Nanstad, M. A. Sokolov, and D. E. McCabe. "Applicability of the Fracture Toughness Master Curve to Irradiated Highly Embrittled Steel and Intergranular Fracture." Journal of ASTM International 5, no. 3 (2008): 101346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101346.

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21

HIROTA, Takatoshi, and Kentaro YOSHIMOTO. "Development of fracture toughness curve for PTS evaluation of reactor pressure vessels incorporating Master curve concept." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, no. 873 (2019): 18–00369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.18-00369.

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22

Meshii, Toshiyuki. "Characterization of fracture toughness based on yield stress and successful application to construct a lower-bound fracture toughness master curve." Engineering Failure Analysis 116 (October 2020): 104713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104713.

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23

Yoon, K. K., and K. Hour. "Dynamic fracture toughness test and master curve method analysis of IAEA JRQ material." Nuclear Engineering and Design 212, no. 1-3 (March 2002): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(01)00480-0.

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24

Lucon, Enrico, Marc Scibetta, S. Kalluri, R. M. McGaw, A. Neimitz, and S. W. Dean. "Application of Advanced Master Curve Approaches to the EURO Fracture Toughness Data Set." Journal of ASTM International 7, no. 1 (2010): 102403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai102403.

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25

Qian, Guian, Wei-Sheng Lei, and Markus Niffenegger. "A new local approach model for cleavage fracture in ferritic steels and its validation." MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 22035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816522035.

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The paper discusses and applies a statistical approach to correlate the fracture behavior of a notched and fracture mechanics specimen. The method can be used for fatigue analysis. The random nature of cleavage fracture process determines that both the microscopic fracture stress and the macroscopic properties including fracture load, fracture toughness and the ductile to brittle transition temperature are all stochastic parameters. This understanding leads to the proposal of statistical assessment of cleavage induced notch toughness of ferritic steels according to a new local approach to cleavage fracture. The temperature independence of the two Weibull parameters in the new model induces a master curve to correlate the fracture load at different temperatures. A normalized stress combining the two Weibull parameters and the yield stress is proposed as the deterministic index to measure notch toughness. This proposed index is applied to compare the notch toughness of a ferritic steel with two different microstructures.

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26

Zhang, Ya Lin, Hu Hui, Jun Bao Zhang, Zhong Qiang Zhou, Xindan Hu, and Xiangchun Cong. "Prediction of fracture toughness of SA738Gr.B steel in the ductile-brittle transition using master curve method and bimodal master curve method." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 182 (May 2020): 104033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2019.104033.

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27

Kim, Min Chul, Bong Sang Lee, Won Jon Yang, and Jun Hwa Hong. "Determination of the Key Microstructural Parameter for the Cleavage Fracture Toughness of Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels in the Transition Region." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 1672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.1672.

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The effects of the microstructural parameters, such as the prior austenite grain size and carbide size, on the cleavage fracture toughness were investigated in the transition region of Mn-Mo-Ni bainitic low alloy steels. Cleavage fracture toughness was evaluated by the ASTM standard E 1921 Master curve method. In order to clarify the effects of each microstructure, the grain size and carbide size of the test materials were independently controlled by modifying the heat treatment process. Firstly, the grain sizes were changed from 25㎛ to 110㎛ without any significant changes in the carbide size and shape. Secondly, the average carbide sizes were changed from 0.20 ㎛ to 0.29㎛ but maintaining the initial grain sizes. As a result, the fracture toughness in the transition region did not show any significant dependency on the austenite grain size, while the carbide size showed a close relation to the fracture toughness. Fracture toughness was decreased with an increase of the average carbide size. From the microscopic observation of the fractured surface, the cleavage initiation distance (CID) from the original crack tip showed no direct relationship to the prior austenite grain sizes but a strong relationship to the carbide sizes. However, the measured cleavage fracture toughness was strongly related to the distance from the crack tip to the cleavage initiation site. From the viewpoint of the weakest link theory, the particle size and their distribution in front of the crack tip is probably more important than the grain size in the transition temperature range where the fracture was controlled by the cleavage crack initiation.

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Kim, Byung Jun, Ryuta Kasada, Akihiko Kimura, Eiichi Wakai, and Hiroyasu Tanigawa. "Application of master curve method to the evaluation of fracture toughness of F82H steels." Journal of Nuclear Materials 442, no. 1-3 (November 2013): S38—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.03.079.

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29

Yamamoto, T., G. R. Odette, D. Gragg, H. Kurishita, H. Matsui, W. J. Yang, M. Narui, and M. Yamazaki. "Evaluation of fracture toughness master curve shifts for JMTR irradiated F82H using small specimens." Journal of Nuclear Materials 367-370 (August 2007): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.046.

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30

MIURA, Naoki, and Naoki SONEDA. "A203 Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Japanese Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels Using Master Curve Approach." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2008.13 (2008): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2008.13.285.

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31

Meshii, Toshiyuki. "Spreadsheet-based method for predicting temperature dependence of fracture toughness in ductile-to-brittle temperature region." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 8 (August 2019): 168781401987089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019870897.

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A spreadsheet-based simplified and direct toughness scaling method to predict the temperature dependence of fracture toughness Jc in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature region is proposed. This method uses fracture toughness test data and the Ramberg–Osgood exponent and yield stress at the reference temperature, and yield stress at the temperature in interest to predict Jc. The physical basis of the simplified and direct toughness scaling method is the strong correlation between Jc and yield stress. The simplified and direct toughness scaling method was validated for Cr–Mo steel Japan Industrial Standard SCM440 and 0.55% carbon steel Japan Industrial Standard S55C by comparing the simplified and direct toughness scaling prediction results with the median results of an experiment performed at four temperatures ranging from −55°C to 100°C and at three temperatures ranging from −85°C to 20°C, respectively. The simplified and direct toughness scaling method can predict Jc from both low to high temperatures, and vice versa. Thus, 12 and 6 predictions were made for each material. The prediction discrepancy for these 18 cases ranged from −50.4% to +25.8% and the average absolute discrepancy was 22.1%. These results were acceptable considering the large scatter generally observed with Jc. In particular, in case of predicting Jc at temperatures higher than the lowest temperature of −55°C for SCM440, the simplified and direct toughness scaling method predicted Jc more realistically than the American Society for Testing and Materials E1921 master curve approach. Although the simplified and direct toughness scaling method requires additional tensile test data compared with the master curve approach, the acceptable prediction accuracy at high temperatures seems beneficial because the mass and time required for tensile tests are admissible.

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32

Server, William, Stan Rosinski, Randy Lott, Charles Kim, and Dennis Weakland. "Application of Master Curve fracture toughness for reactor pressure vessel integrity assessment in the USA." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 79, no. 8-10 (August 2002): 701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(02)00073-x.

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33

MESHII, Toshiyuki. "Ferritic steel that ASTM E1921 master curve failed to characterize its fracture toughness temperature dependence." Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 85, no. 873 (2019): 18–00431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.18-00431.

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34

Lee, Ki-Hyoung, Min-Chul Kim, Bong-Sang Lee, and Dang-Moon Wee. "Master curve characterization of the fracture toughness behavior in SA508 Gr.4N low alloy steels." Journal of Nuclear Materials 403, no. 1-3 (August 2010): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.05.029.

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35

Lucon, Enrico, Marc Scibetta, Robert Gérard, Jeremy T. Busby, Brady Hanson, and S. W. Dean. "Analysis of the Belgian Surveillance Fracture Toughness Database Using Conventional and Advanced Master Curve Approaches." Journal of ASTM International 6, no. 3 (2009): JAI101897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai101897.

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36

MIURA, Naoki, Naoki SONEDA, Shu SAWAI, and Shinsuke SAKAI. "GS0902 Proposal of Rational Determination of Fracture Toughness Lower-Bound Curves by Master Curve Approach : Part I Applicability of Master Curve Approach for Japanese Pressure Vessel Steels." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2008 (2008): _GS0902–1_—_GS0902–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2008._gs0902-1_.

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37

Lin, Yun, Wen Yang, Zhen Feng Tong, and Guang Sheng Ning. "Fracture Toughness Analysis of the China RPV Steel with Miniaturized Specimen." Materials Science Forum 850 (March 2016): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.850.41.

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Reactor pressurized vessel (RPV), which determines the lifetime of the nuclear power plant (NPP), is mainly forged using A508-3 steel in China. In order to meet the requirement of the small specimen test technique in the nuclear application, the fracture toughness of A508-3 steel was tested under-100°C using 1/4 CT specimens, and analyzed using Master Curve according to ASTM E 1921. In this work, the relationship of the KIC and the distance between the cleavage crack initiation site and the front of the fatigue crack is studied, and the transition temperature T0 of A508-3 is-98.7 oC, which is quite close to the test temperature.

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38

Dlouhý, Ivo, Luděk Stratil, and Filip Šiška. "Subsized Specimens for Fracture Resistance Characterisation Including Transferability Issues." Key Engineering Materials 741 (June 2017): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.741.110.

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The contribution is focused on characterization of methods enabling to apply small/subsized specimens for fracture resistance characterization. The applied methods are divided into transition region and upper shelf region. The approaches used in the upper shelf region represent at the same time methods applicable for ductile materials without transition. Relating to subsized samples two basic approaches are applicable: (i) miniaturized samples based on common standard ones and (ii) specific specimens/methods, e.g. small punch test etc. The results described in the paper belong to the first group. For interpretation of data generated under low constraint conditions toughness scaling models and master curve approached are commented. In ductile region, either the sample used generate valid toughness characteristics, or, if not, there is no way how to correct measured data except damage quantification through micromechanical models.

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39

Sreenivasan, P. R., C. G. Shastry, M. D. Mathew, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, S. L. Mannan, and G. Bandyopadhyay. "Dynamic Fracture Toughness and Charpy Transition Properties of a Service-Exposed 2.25Cr-1Mo Reheater Header Pipe." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1543969.

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Residual life analysis of power plant components like boiler tubes, superheater outlet headers, reheater headers, steam pipes, etc., is important for life extension and avoidance of catastrophic failure. In this context, fracture toughness is very important. The fracture characteristics after prolonged exposure to high temperatures and pressures are likely to be different from that of the virgin material. 2.25Cr-1Mo reheater header pipe exposed at 813 K for 120,000 h was studied by instrumented impact tests (IIT) to evaluate dynamic fracture toughness and Charpy transition properties. The methods presented in this paper for estimating dynamic fracture toughness from IIT of Charpy specimens give reliably conservative results without the need for precracking. For estimating fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) from IIT load-time traces, the equation for percent shear fracture, PSF3, gives the best 1:1 correlation with measured values from fracture surfaces. The lower bound equation for variation of fracture toughness with temperature derived in the present study is higher than that obtained from the FATT master curve (FATT-MC) approach. Comparison of Charpy indices like FATT and upper-shelf energy for the service exposed steel to results for the virgin material reported in the literature and the compositional J-Factor estimates for temper-embrittlement susceptibility indicate that the present steel, even after 120,000 h exposure to high temperature service, has probably undergone only very little or nil degradation in toughness properties.

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40

Bhowmik, S., P. Sahoo, S. K. Acharyya, J. Chattopadhyay, and S. Dhar. "Application and comparative study of the master curve methodology for fracture toughness characterization of 20MnMoNi55 steel." Materials & Design 39 (August 2012): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.050.

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41

Hesse, Ann Christin, Thomas Nitschke-Pagel, and Klaus Dilger. "Investigations on the Fracture Toughness of Electron Beam Welded Steels." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.74.

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Beam welded joints made from fine grain steels show martensitic micro structure, high weld hardness and thus low toughness in the weld seams. At the same time there is a risk for these welds to have crack-like defects that cannot be detected during the production and which grow due to cyclic loading. If such structures are used in areas with low ambient temperatures, it may come to brittle failure of the component. To secure components against such failure, fracture mechanic tests were carried out on electron beam welded SE(B)-samples made from S690QL and S960QL and the J-integral was determined. In order to describe the scattering of the results in the temperature transition region the results were evaluated by means of the Master Curve concept in accordance with ASTM E 1921. Afterwards the reference temperature in the transition range, T0, was determined and correlated with the T27J- temperature of Charpy V-notch tests.

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Wallin, Kim R. W., Gerhard Nagel, Elisabeth Keim, and Dieter Siegele. "Estimation of Master Curve Based RTTO Reference Temperature From CVN Data." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 3 (June 8, 2006): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748823.

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The ASME code cases N-629 and N-631 permit the use of a master curve-based index temperature (RTTo≡T0+19.4°C) as an alternative to traditional RTNDT-based methods of positioning the ASME KIC and KIR curves. This approach was adopted to enable the use of master curve technology without requiring the wholesale changes to the structure of the ASME code that would be needed to use all aspects of master curve technology. For the brittle failure analysis considering irradiation embrittlement an additional procedure to predict the adjustment of fracture toughness for end of life (EOL) from irradiation surveillance results must be available as by NRC R.G. 1.99 Rev. 2, e.g., the adjusted reference temperature is defined as ART=initialRTNDT+ΔRTNDT+margin. The conservatism of this procedure when RTNDT is replaced by RTTo is investigated for western nuclear grade pressure vessel steels and their welds. Based on a systematic evaluation of nearly 100 different irradiated material data sets, a simple relation between RTToirr, RTToref, and ΔT41JRG is proposed. The relation makes use of the R.G. 1.99 Rev. 2 and enables the minimizing of margins, necessary for conventional correlations based on temperature shifts. As an example, the method is used to assess the RTTo as a function of fluence for several German pressure vessel steels and corresponding welds. It is shown that the method is robust and well suited for codification.

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Chen, Zeng, Jianhua Pan, Ting Jin, Zhanyong Hong, and Yucheng Wu. "Estimation of fracture toughness of 16MnDR steel using Master Curve method and Charpy V-notch impact energy." Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 96 (August 2018): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2018.06.007.

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Serrano, M., F. J. Perosanz, and J. Lapeña. "Direct measurement of reactor pressure vessel steels fracture toughness: Master Curve concept and instrumented Charpy-V test." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 77, no. 10 (August 2000): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(00)00033-8.

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Jensen, Elin A., Will Hansen, and Rune Brincker. "Engineering Solution for the Uniform Strength of Partially Cracked Concrete." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1919, no. 1 (January 2005): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191900102.

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Significant computational resources are required to predict the remaining strength from numerical fracture analysis of a jointed plain concrete pavement that contains a partial depth crack. It is, therefore, advantageous when the failure strength can be adequately predicted with an engineering solution. Current engineering or closed-form solutions are based on the elastic effective crack approach with the fracture parameters toughness and critical crack tip opening of concrete. The solutions do not directly consider the effect of the distance to the boundary conditions (restrained slab length) and the cracking process caused by stress softening across the crack. A proposed engineering solution methodology includes these latter variables. The application of the solution is demonstrated on a slab containing a partial depth midslab crack and subjected to in-plane tension. The solution captures the effects of material fracture properties and structural size in terms of crack length and distance from boundary to the crack. The model assumes a bilinear stress–crack width relationship for the fracture process zone. The concrete characteristic length, determined from the fracture energy represented by the first part of the stress–crack width relationship, controls the failure load of a partially cracked concrete slab. A unique master curve between slab strength and crack depth was developed using the results from the numerical analysis. The master curve was verified with results from laboratory testing of large-scale slabs subjected to in-plane tension. The solution methodology can readily be extended to other loading cases.

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Bhowmik, S., A. Chattopadhyay, T. Bose, S. K. Acharyya, P. Sahoo, J. Chattopadhyay, and S. Dhar. "Estimation of fracture toughness of 20MnMoNi55 steel in the ductile to brittle transition region using master curve method." Nuclear Engineering and Design 241, no. 8 (August 2011): 2831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2011.05.033.

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Oh, Yong-Jun, Bong-Sang Lee, and Jun-Hwa Hong. "The effect of non-metallic inclusions on the fracture toughness master curve in high copper reactor pressure vessel welds." Journal of Nuclear Materials 301, no. 2-3 (March 2002): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(02)00716-x.

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Driessen, N., and Richard E. Clegg. "Use of the Master Curve to Investigate the Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on ASTM A106B." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.483.

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ASTM A106/B is commonly used for pressure piping in alumina refineries. Due to the problem of caustic cracking in alumina refineries, piping must be stress relieved after welding, usually through a post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) process at a temperature of 635°C. However, multiple PWHT procedures tend to degrade the mechanical properties of steel and design standards have set limits on the length of time PWHT can be carried out before steel should be replaced. In this study, the effect of PWHT time on the properties of A106/B parent metal was examined, with particular emphasis on the effect on toughness. PWHT was carried out for 1, 8 and 40 hours and the results were compared with those for as-received material. Impact transition temperature and room-temperature tensile results were determined using standard tests. The reference temperature, To, was determined using ASTM E1921 with arc-shaped tension specimens. The results showed that the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature increased significantly as PWHT time increased and the implications of this to a fracture mechanics analysis of plant operations are discussed.

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SAWAI, Shu, Shinsuke SAKAI, Naoki MIURA, and Naoki SONEDA. "GS0903 Proposal of Rational Determination of Fracture Toughness Lower-Bound Curves by Master Curve Approach : Part II Proposal of Lower-Bound Curves Based on Reliability Engineering." Proceedings of the Materials and Mechanics Conference 2008 (2008): _GS0903–1_—_GS0903–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemm.2008._gs0903-1_.

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Meshii, Toshiyuki, Goh Yakushi, Yoichi Takagishi, Yohei Fujimoto, and Kenichi Ishihara. "Quantitative comparison of the predictions of fracture toughness temperature dependence using ASTM E1921 master curve and stress distribution T-scaling methods." Engineering Failure Analysis 111 (April 2020): 104458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104458.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fracture toughness master curve'

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