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1

Hsiao, I.-Han, Shao-Yun Hsu, Mei-Chen Lin, and Pin-Keng Shih. "Associations between Zygoma Fracture and Post-Traumatic Headache: A Study among Taiwanese Population." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 22 (2021): 5377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10225377.

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Few studies have discussed the development of post-traumatic headache (PTH) after zygoma fracture. This research aimed to examine the association between zygoma fracture and PTH and its other associated factors. A total of 3043 patients with zygoma fracture and 3043 patients with non-fracture were included in this analysis. They were matched to a non-fracture cohort from the National Health Insurance database according to age, sex, and index year. The incidence of PTH and its association with zygoma fracture were assessed. The zygoma fracture cohort had a significantly higher cumulative incide
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2

Kelishadi, Shahrooz S., Matthew R. Zeiderman, Karan Chopra, Joseph A. Kelamis, Gerhard S. Mundinger, and Eduardo D. Rodriguez. "Facial Fracture Patterns Associated with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641172.

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Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is rare. The heterogeneity of injury patterns and patient condition on presentation makes diagnosis difficult. Fracture patterns associated with TON have never been evaluated. Retrospective review of 42 patients diagnosed with TON at the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from May 1998 to August 2010 was performed. Thirty-three patients met criteria for study inclusion of fracture patterns. Additional variables measured included patient demographics and mechanism. Cluster analysis was used to form homogenous groups of patients based on different fracture patte
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3

Lee, Chan Yeong, and Chul Han Kim. "A vertically split fracture of the marginal tubercle of the zygoma in a 3-year-old boy: a case report." Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, no. 6 (2022): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2022.00906.

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Fractures of the zygoma are rarely encountered in pediatric patients. This report presents a case of a 3-year-old child who presented with a vertically split fracture of the marginal tubercle of the zygoma. The marginal tubercle, a bony portion present on the posterior border of the frontal process, assists in attaching the temporalis fascia. This patient was treated surgically with bony fixation using tissue glue. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of fracture of the marginal tubercle of the zygoma have been reported in the literature. Fractures of the marginal tubercle of the zygoma in p
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Atul, Parashar, K. Sharma Ramesh, and Makkar Surinder. "Rigid internal fi xation of zygoma fractures: A comparison of two-point and three-point fi xation." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 40, no. 01 (2007): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699174.

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ABSTRACT Background:Displaced fractures of the zygomatic bone can result in significant functional and aesthetic sequelae. Therefore the treatment must achieve adequate and stable reduction at fracture sites so as to restore the complex multidimensional relationship of the zygoma to the surrounding craniofacial skeleton. Many experimental biophysical studies have compared stability of zygoma after one, two and three-point fixation with mini plates. We conducted a prospective clinical study comparing functional and aesthetic results of two-point and three-point fixation with mini plates in pati
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Bangun, Kristaninta, Jessica Halim, and Siti Handayani. "Repair of Enophthalmus in Neglected Tetrapod Zygoma Fracture with Diced Cartilage Graft and Fascia Lata Sling Graft: A Case Report." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 9, no. 1 (2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v9i1.332.

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Introduction: Zygoma fractures with orbital involvement, are the most common midfacial traumas, which cause severe aesthetic and functional sequelae. Late reduction of orbital floor fracture may result in entrapment of orbital soft tissue, predisposing the occurrence of enophthalmos. This article aimed to report enopthalmus correction in neglected tetrapod zygoma fracture case with autologous diced cartilage graft and fascia lata graft.Case Presentation: A 42-year-old female was injured in a traffic accident 8 years ago. Facial fracture was not repaired surgically, resulting in facial asymmetr
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Punde, Prashant, Nilesh Mishra, Adhishree Joshi, and Aishwarya Ramgadiya. "A modified high infraorbital with lateral crow feet extension incision (Punincision) for body of zygoma fractures and zygoma implants: Original research." National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery 16, no. 1 (2025): 71–76. https://doi.org/10.4103/njms.njms_31_23.

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the infraorbital incision with lateral crow feet extension to treat fractures present towards the body of zygoma. Materials and Methods: Totally fifteen patients aged from 22 to 69 years diagnosed with fracture line running close to body of zygoma which had been reported to authors between February 2013 and June 2018 were included in this study. Seven patients had low-level frontozygomatic fractures. Eight had fracture lines too lateral to infraorbital foramina. These fractures require longer incisions if conventional approaches are used. New incisio
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7

Gadre, Pushkar Kiran, Nitin Bhola, Rajeev Borle, and Kiran Shrikrishna Gadre. "Isolated Bilateral Zygoma Fracture." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 24, no. 4 (2013): 1498–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e31828a72c2.

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8

Barta, Ruth J., and Warren Schubert. "Ratio of Simple versus Comminuted Lateral Wall Fractures of the Orbit." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 6, no. 4 (2013): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1356761.

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Reduction of a fracture may be relatively easy with a simple, noncomminuted fracture along the zygomaticofrontal suture, zygomaticomaxillary buttress, or the inferior rim of the orbit. When one or more of these key landmarks is comminuted, it becomes more important to confirm that the fracture commonly seen between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the zygoma is properly repositioned. The zygomaticosphenoidal suture is an excellent landmark with a simple lateral orbital wall fracture (LOWF), but it may not be reliable in patients with a comminuted fracture. The purpose of this study is to d
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9

Arai, Daishi, Akihiro Yasue, Shinya Horiuchi, and Eiji Tanaka. "A Multidisciplinary Approach to Malocclusion Caused by Facial Multiple Fracture." Case Reports in Dentistry 2022 (March 3, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5209667.

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In the case of multiple facial fractures, a simple open reduction occasionally causes various disorders during healing process after the surgery. Moreover, esthetic disturbance of a facial deformity might be induced. Therefore, the acquisition of facial symmetry and the recovery of occlusal and masticatory functions become increasingly important. This case report presents a successful treatment of facial multiple fracture induced by a car accident. A 20-year-old male was diagnosed with suffered multiple midface and mandibular fractures induced by a car accident. Midface fractures included the
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10

Kaur, Upinder, and Charanjeet Singh. "Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction after Zygoma Fracture Reduction with Inferior Orbital Margin Fixation." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 5, no. 1 (2012): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1118.

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ABSTRACT Injuries of lacrimal passages are common in accidental mid-facial trauma and surgical trauma like Caldwell-Luc operation, orbital decompression and orbital floor repair. Reduction and fixation of midfacial fractures have not been reported till now to cause any injury to the lacrimal passages. We present a case of fracture zygoma who developed epiphora after reduction and fixation of the inferior orbital margin by a miniplate. How to cite this article Kaur U, Singh C. Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction after Zygoma Fracture Reduction with Inferior Orbital Margin Fixation. Clin Rhinol Int J
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11

Czerwinski, Marcin, Wendy L. Parker, Lorne Beckman, and H. Bruce Williams. "Rapid Intraoperative Zygoma Fracture Imaging." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 124, no. 3 (2009): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3181b17bd8.

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12

Temiz, Gökhan, Hakan Şirinoğlu, Arda Akgün, Nebil Yeşiloğlu, Murat Sarici, and Gaye Taylan Filinte. "Zygoma Fracture With Intracranial Penetration." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 26, no. 5 (2015): 1723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000001778.

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13

Tanrikulu, R., and B. Erol. "Comparison of computed tomography with conventional radiography for midfacial fractures." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 30, no. 3 (2001): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600593.

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OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) with conventional radiography in midfacial fractures. METHODS The conventional radiographs (CM) and CT scans of 40 consecutive patients with complex midfacial fractures were assessed independently by two examiners. The number and site of fractures of the orbit, zygoma and maxilla were compared by the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Rank test. The best method for classification of the fracture was determined. RESULTS Coronal CT (CCT) proved superior in the diagnosis of orbital fractures (P<0.001). There was no sign
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14

Balaji, S. M., and Preetha Balaji. "Management of Persistent Diplopia and Epiphora in Mismanaged Orbital Blowout Fracture – A Case Report." Indian Journal of Dental Research 35, no. 2 (2024): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_163_24.

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Abstract A 31-year-old male with a history of right zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture presented with aesthetic concerns, continuous tearing, and double vision. The patient had undergone multiple surgeries post accident, resulting in an asymmetrical cheek bulge, persistent diplopia, and epiphora. Investigations revealed abnormal placement of an orbital mesh and damage to the lacrimal sac. A surgical plan was devised to remove the plates, reposition the muscles, secure the floor, correct the epiphora, and provide the desired aesthetics. The surgery involved removal of the mesh and a lon
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15

Van der Cruyssen, Frederic, Mathilda Wylde, Anthony Campbell, et al. "Quantitative and Qualitative Symmetry Analysis of Open Reduction and Fixation of Zygomatic Complex Fractures." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 18, no. 2 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmtr18020022.

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Zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures are among the most common craniofacial injuries, impacting both function and esthetics. This study evaluates the effectiveness of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in restoring facial symmetry following ZMC fractures. Sixteen patients with unilateral ZMC fractures underwent a retrospective analysis comparing preoperative and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans to a control group of ten individuals without facial fractures. Quantitative metrics, including root mean square distance (RMSD) and heatmap analysis, were used alongside a qualitative
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16

Halsey, Jordan N., Ian C. Hoppe, Mark S. Granick, and Edward S. Lee. "A Single-Center Review of Radiologically Diagnosed Maxillofacial Fractures: Etiology and Distribution." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 10, no. 1 (2017): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597582.

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The etiology of fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton varies among studies, with motor vehicle accidents and assaults oftentimes the most common. The number of males outnumbers females throughout most studies. Fractures of the zygoma, orbit, and mandible are usually cited as most common fracture types. This study examines a single center's experience with regards to etiology and distribution of fractures. A retrospective review of all radiologically confirmed facial fractures in a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment was performed for the years 2000 to 2012. Patient demographics, et
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17

Siauw, Cahyadi, Endang Syamsudin, and Yoyos Dias Ismiarto. "Ballooning technique for orbital floor fracture reduction in neglected midfacial fracture: a case report." Journal of Case Reports in Dental Medicine 1, no. 2 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jcrdm.v1i2.88.

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Objective: Midfacial fracture is a fracture that separates maxilla from the middle part of face. Orbital floor fracture includes in midfacial fracture that difficult to treat. The aggravating factor of the treatment are depressed fractures and infection. We use ballooning technique which is inflated in the maxillary sinus to lift fracture segment of orbital floor and to prevent the orbital floor displaced to the maxillary sinus.Methods: There were multiple lacerations at left eye and nose region, post suturing at left zygoma and left cheek region. Intraoral findings there were multiple lacerat
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18

Wang, Howard D., and Jasjit Dillon. "Contemporary Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 35, no. 04 (2021): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1735812.

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AbstractZygomaticomaxillary complex fracture is one of the most commonly treated facial fractures. Accurate reduction and stable fixation of the zygoma are required to restore facial symmetry and projection and avoid functional sequalae from changes in orbital volume. Achieving optimal outcome is challenging due to the complex three-dimensional anatomy and limited visualization of all affected articulations of the zygoma. This article provides an updated overview of the evaluation and management of zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures based on available evidence and clinical experience at our
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19

Yamano, Seiichi, Mark Nissenbaum, Thomas B. Dodson, German O. Gallucci, and Cortino Sukotjo. "Multidisciplinary Treatment for a Young Patient With Severe Maxillofacial Trauma From a Snowmobile Accident: A Case Report." Journal of Oral Implantology 36, no. 2 (2010): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00058r1.

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Abstract This clinical report describes the oral rehabilitation of a 15-year-old male patient who was involved in a snowmobile accident and suffered multiple mid-face and mandibular fractures. Consequences of the accident included avulsion of teeth numbers 5 to 10 and 21 to 26, and a significant amount of maxillary and mandibular anterior alveolar bone loss. The patient underwent open reduction and rigid fixation of the fractured left zygoma, comminuted LeFort I maxillary fracture, and left body of the mandible; closed reduction of the bilateral condylar fractures; autologous corticocancellous
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20

Kunz, Christoph, Laurent Audigé, Carl-Peter Cornelius, et al. "The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 2 Tutorial." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 1_suppl (2014): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1389560.

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The AOCMF Classification Group developed a hierarchical three-level craniomaxillofacial classification system with increasing level of complexity and details. The highest level 1 system distinguish four major anatomical units including the mandible (code 91), midface (code 92), skull base (code 93), and cranial vault (code 94). This tutorial presents the level 2 system for the midface unit that concentrates on the location of the fractures within defined regions in the central (upper, intermediate, and lower) and lateral (zygoma, pterygoid) midface, as well as the internal orbit and palate. Th
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Shah, Sheerin, Sanjeev K. Uppal, Rajinder K. Mittal, Ramneesh Garg, and Kavita Saggar. "Diagnostic tools in maxillofacial fractures: Is there really a need of three-dimensional computed tomography?" Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 49, no. 02 (2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.191320.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Because of its functional and cosmetic importance, facial injuries, especially bony fractures are clinically very significant. Missed and maltreated fractures might result in malocclusion and disfigurement of the face, thus making accurate diagnosis of the fracture very essential. In earlier times, conventional radiography along with clinical examination played a major role in diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures. However, it was noted that the overlapping nature of bones and the inability to visualise soft tissue swelling and fracture displacement, especially in face, ma
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Top, Hüsamettin, Atay Atabey, and Ali Barutçu. "RIGID PLATE VERSUS WIRE FIXATION FOR ZYGOMA FRACTURE." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 98, no. 6 (1996): 1117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199611000-00047.

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Rohrich, Rod J. "RIGID PLATE VERSUS WIRE FIXATION FOR ZYGOMA FRACTURE." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 98, no. 6 (1996): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199611000-00048.

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Park, B., and W. J. Lee. "O.179 Direct percutaneous reduction of zygoma fracture." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 36 (September 2008): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71303-9.

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Rahman, Roselinda Ab, Nurlidiah Md Ghazali, Normastura Ab Rahman, Abdullah Pohchi, and Noor Hayati Abd Razak. "Outcome of Different Treatment Modalities of Fracture Zygoma." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 31, no. 4 (2020): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000006297.

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26

Baldi, Jesús R. Manzani, and Daniel A. Wolff de Freitas. "Mandible and Zygomatic Fracture in a 2-Year-Old Patient due to Dog Bite." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 6, no. 2 (2013): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1333879.

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Dog bite injury frequently occurs in children, and many of these bites involve the facial region. On the other hand, facial fractures due to dog attacks are a rare complication, with the orbital, nasal, and maxillary bones most often affected. We present a case report of a child who suffered a double facial fracture, mandible and left zygoma, due to a dog bite. The clinical diagnosis was supported by X-rays and computed tomography, which also provided information about the characteristics of the fracture. Internal fixation was done with titanium miniplates. Finally, the pathophysiological mech
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Kim, young Ha, Sung Ho Kim, Jeung Hyun Sel, and Kyung Ho Lee. "Correction of Malunited Fracture of Zygoma Through Limited Incisions." Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine 13, no. 1 (1996): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12701/yujm.1996.13.1.22.

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28

Shim, Hyung-Sup, Bommie F. Seo, Eun-Young Rha, and Jun Hee Byeon. "Endotine Midface for Soft Tissue Suspension in Zygoma Fracture." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 26, no. 6 (2015): e496-e500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000002010.

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29

Tanthry, Deepalakshmi, Aisha Nehla, Mahesh Santhraya, and Devan Poothatta Pannen. "Epidemiological analysis of facial fractures." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 7 (2021): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212456.

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<p class="abstract">Facial trauma occurs in significant proportion of trauma patients requiring prompt diagnosis of fractures and soft tissue injuries with possible emergency intervention. The epidemiology of facial fractures varies with regards to Injury type, severity, and cause depending upon the population studied. The aim of the study was to understand the cause, severity and temporal distribution of facial trauma and aims in focusing on clinical and research priorities for effective treatment and prevention. It was done in the department of otorhinolaryngology at a tertiary health
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Khan, Faisal Nawaz, Zainab Akbar, Sanya Javaid, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Ramzan Adeel, and Sabeen Saeed. "Pattern Of Maxillofacial Fractures In Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar." Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 74, no. 1 (2024): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v74i1.10325.

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Objectives: To determine the various patterns of maxillofacial fractures in patients presenting at CMH, Peshawar Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: 30-Military Dental Center, CMH, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep 2021 to Mar 2022. Methodology: A total of 207 patients from all age groups, both genders, presenting with any features of maxillofacial fracture due to accidental injuries were included. A thorough history and clinical and radiographic examination were carried out, along with a diagnosis of suspected facial fractures per clinical presentation and radiographic
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31

Ip, Kenneth K. C., Peng You, Louis M. Ferreira, and Corey C. Moore. "Biomechanical Impact of a Zygoma Complex Fracture Using Human Cadaver." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 32, no. 6 (2021): 2045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000007630.

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32

Reich, R. "When should a fracture of the zygoma be surgically treated?" International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 22, no. 1 (1993): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(05)80363-7.

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Suzuki, K., O. Horio, T. Minakata, et al. "P.301 “Z-lid-incision” approach for zygoma fracture reduction." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 36 (September 2008): S242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(08)72089-4.

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Czerwinski, Marcin, and Chen Lee. "Intracranial Extension of a Zygoma Fracture: Benefits of Selective Repair." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 118, no. 1 (2006): 10e—13e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000220879.38096.c9.

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Lee, Jang Hyun, Jung-Woo Chang, Matthew Seung Suk Choi, and Hee Chang Ahn. "Delayed Infection After a Zygoma Fracture Fixation With Absorbable Plates." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 21, no. 6 (2010): 2018–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3181f5387c.

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36

Shim, Hyung-Sup, Jun-Hee Byeon, Eun-Young Rha, and Bommie Florence Seo. "Endotine® Midface for Soft Tissue Resuspension in Zygoma Fracture." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 134 (October 2014): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000455553.37706.34.

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Sharma, Rohit, Vandana Esht, and Pallvi Goomer. "Retrospective Analysis of Etiology, Incidence and Management of Facial Trauma Over 5 Years in North India: A Clinical Audit." Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research 49, no. 2 (2015): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1145.

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ABSTRACT Aim To analyze etiology, incidence and management of facial trauma over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and methods Records of 195 patients with 274 facial fractures were analyzed retrospectively from 2009 to 2013. Fractures were classified according to anatomical area involved (zygoma, maxilla, mandible, teeth), and etiology was divided into road traffic accidents (RTAs), falls, sports injuries and assaults. It was found that RTA was most common etiologic factor for facial trauma, followed by falls, assaults and sports injuries. Mandibular frac
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Kim, Jun Hyeok, Ye Sol Kim, Deuk Young Oh, Young Joon Jun, Jong Won Rhie, and Suk-Ho Moon. "Efficacy of Altered Two-Point Fixation in Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture." BioMed Research International 2020 (March 18, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8537345.

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Purpose. To reconstruct a zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fracture, zygomaticofrontal (ZF) suture is the most reliable site to assess anatomical alignment and to secure rigidity. It has been chosen primary site to be fixed, but approach through the lateral eyebrow incision may leave a visible scar. This study suggests altered two-point fixation of ZMC fracture without accessing the ZF suture. Methods. In the retrospective study, a total of 40 patients with ZMC fracture were divided into two groups (group 1, two-point fixation and group 2, three-point fixation). Patient demographics and follo
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Mejía Rivera, Samaria E., Eduardo P. Olivares, Paulina S. Del Pino, et al. "Epidemiological aspects of facial trauma in a third level hospital in Mexico." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 7 (2023): 2408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20232079.

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Background: Facial trauma is common in early adulthood and may require complex surgery and even high mortality. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study at the Hospital General de México during the period from January 2018 to December 2021. Patients with a diagnosis of fracture of the facial region, who had a complete clinical record, of any age, were included. Patients who did not comply with the treatment in the hospital unit, with incomplete clinical records, were excluded. Through non-probability sampling, a sample of 156 patients was formed. The descriptive data analysis was carried
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Mustafa, Wan Mahadzir, Hui Yee Ng, Yee Ern Ngo, et al. "Interpersonal violence related facial fractures: a 6-year survey in adult patients." Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 20, no. 1 (2022): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/mjoms_2022201_1.

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Interpersonal violence (IPV)-related facial fracture cases have shown an increasing trend. The present study aimed to determine the demographic, pattern, and associated injuries, alcohol and/or drug influence as well as treatment received in IPV-related facial fracture presenting at Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL) from 2010-2015. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was used. Clinical records of cases were collected and data analyzed using SPSS software v26. Data were organized and presented with descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi-square, and Independent t-test, with a 5% level of significa
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Cornelius, Carl-Peter, Laurent Audigé, Christoph Kunz, Carlos H. Buitrago-Téllez, Randal Rudderman, and Joachim Prein. "The Comprehensive AOCMF Classification System: Midface Fractures - Level 3 Tutorial." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 7, no. 1_suppl (2014): 68–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1389561.

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This tutorial outlines the details of the AOCMF image-based classification system for fractures of the midface at the precision level 3. The topography of the different midface regions (central midface—upper central midface, intermediate central midface, lower central midface—incorporating the naso-orbito-ethmoid region; lateral midface—zygoma and zygomatic arch, palate) is subdivided in much greater detail than in level 2 going beyond the Le Fort fracture types and its analogs. The level 3 midface classification system is presented along with guidelines to precisely delineate the fracture pat
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Munjal, Manish, Sonika Kanotra, Shubham Munjal, et al. "Mandibular fractures at a tertiary health care facility: a pilot study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 9, no. 4 (2023): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20230755.

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Background: Facial trauma patients were analyzed to determine the incidence, type, presentation, management, and outcome of fractures of the mandible. Methods: The 61 patients admitted in the trauma units of Dayanand medical college Ludhiana were analyzed prospectively during a period of two years (January 2010-December 2012). Results: In patients with multiple fractures, the common combination included zygoma and mandible (35.2%) and Le Fort II, mandible and nasoethmoid (41.2%). Out of 35 patients with mandible fractures, 8 had bilateral and 27 had single fractures making a total of 43 fractu
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Shuen, Apphia Ooi Wei, Cosmas Yong Liong Hong, Hanisah Binti Ismail, et al. "Retrospective Study on Facial Fractures in Adults – Clinical Research." Malaysian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 18, no. 1 (2020): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.4103/mjoms_2020181_1.

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A facial fracture is the breakage of a bone in the skull. This can lead to functional and esthetic disability. Long-term data analysis is instrumental in evaluating current preventive measures and the need for improvement or change. This study aims to record and describe the demographical and etiological pattern for facial fractures presenting to Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Relevant data comprising of patient demographic and clinical details were collected through clinical records from the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur using forms in a retrospective mann
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Czerwinski, Marcin, Ali Izadpanah, Stephanie Ma, Jeffrey Chankowsky, and H. Bruce Williams. "Quantitative Analysis of the Orbital Floor Defect After Zygoma Fracture Repair." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 66, no. 9 (2008): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2007.11.014.

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Nagasao, Tomohisa, Ikkei Tamada, Junpei Miyamoto, et al. "Effectiveness of Additional Transmalar Kirschner Wire Fixation for a Zygoma Fracture." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 119, no. 3 (2007): 1010–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000244881.25967.29.

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Kumar Punjabi, Suneel, Kashif Ali Channar, Munir Ahmed Banglani, Naresh Kumar, and Ambreen Munir. "ISOLATED ZYGOMATIC BONE FRACTURE." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 05 (2016): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.05.1576.

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Introduction: Facial bones injuries results in functional disturbances. Patientsmay presents with flattening of normal malar prominence, lid drop, eye movement limited orwith double vision, numbness of cheek area and unilateral epitasis. Emphasizing upon incisiontype, fixation method and occasionally reconstruction, surgeons suggest different methods forrepairing complex fractures of Zygoma. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Departmentof Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro.Period: Mar 2013 to Feb 2014. Materials and methods: T
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Putri, Atikah Mawardhani, Melita Sylvyana, and Harmas Yazid Yusuf. "Emergency Management Patient with Multiple Mid-Lower Face Fracture and Tissue Avulsion of 1/3 Mid Face : A Case Report." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 8, no. 3 (2024): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v8i3.2790.

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Introduction : Facial trauma can be defined as bone and or soft tissue damage in the face region. Severe facial trauma might cause life threatening and permanent damage such as vision loss, unable to speak, swallows and chews because there are many bones, blood vessels, nerves, muscles and sensory organs at the face region. The facial damage could be a facial bone fracture with severe avulsion of facial tissue so two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurement of the wound is taken to assess the size of tissue to be covered. The aim of this case report was to give an explanation regarding th
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Sakarin, Sarawin, Sophilak Sringkarawat, Sukhum Tasanachaikul, et al. "OUTCOME FOLLOWING ORBITAL FLOOR FRACTURE RECONSTRUCTION USING SILASTIC IMPLANTS." Journal of Southeast Asian Medical Research 4, no. 2 (2020): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.55374/jseamed.v4i2.74.

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Background: Orbital floor fracture is typically present with peri-orbital ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, enophthalmos and diplopia. The goals of reconstruction are to restore the volume and shape of the orbital cavity with autogenous or alloplastic materials. However, no gold standard exists for orbital implants to treat orbital floor fractures and remains controversial. Silicone was one of the most common biocompatible materials used for orbital floor reconstruction.
 Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients reconstructed using silastic sheets in the case
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Kreshanti, Prasetyanugraheni, and Livia Faranita Gianni. "Tetrapod Fracture: Surgical Anatomy Revisited As A Guide For 3D Reduction Using Carroll Girard T-Bar Screw." Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi 4, no. 1 (2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14228/jpr.v4i1.219.

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 Background: Zygomaticomaxillary complex plays a key role in the structure, function, and aesthetic appearance of the facial skeleton. Using Carroll Girard T-bar screw allows easy manipulation of the zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture. The goal of the treatment is three dimensional (3-D) restoration of the disturbed anatomy.
 Methods: After exposing the fracture sites using technique such as lower eyelid, Dingman (lateral brow) or maxillary vestibular approach, the Carroll Girard T-bar screw is then attached to the lateral aspect of the malar eminence to freel
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Setiawan, Reynard Budy, and Marjono Dwi Wibowo. "Profile of Patients with Maxillofacial Fracture in Emergency Department, Head-Neck Surgery Division, Dr. Soetomo Public Hospital Surabaya in 2020." Annals of Dentistry 28 (December 1, 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/adum.vol28no12.

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Maxillofacial fracture is the most common form of injury in trauma patients, especially in patients with motor vehicle accidents. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors, including restrictions on people's mobility. This study aims to determine the profile of patients with maxillofacial fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive observational study was conducted to evaluate maxillofacial fracture patients who came to the Emergency Department of the Head-Neck Surgery Division of the Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital in 2020. Subjects were grouped according to sex, age, month o
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