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Journal articles on the topic 'Fractures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Schoenberg, Michael, and Colin M. Sayers. "Seismic anisotropy of fractured rock." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 1 (1995): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443748.

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A simple method for including the effects of geologically realistic fractures on the seismic propagation through fractured rocks can be obtained by writing the effective compliance tensor of the fractured rock as the sum of the compliance tensor of the unfractured background rock and the compliance tensors for each set of parallel fractures or aligned fractures. The compliance tensor of each fracture set is derivable from a second rank fracture compliance tensor. For a rotationally symmetric set of fractures, the fracture compliance tensor depends on only two fracture compliances, one controll

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2

Wang, Yueying, Jun Yao, Shuaishi Fu, Aimin Lv, Zhixue Sun, and Kelvin Bongole. "Simulation of counter-current imbibition in water-wet fractured reservoirs based on discrete-fracture model." Open Physics 15, no. 1 (2017): 536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2017-0061.

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AbstractIsolated fractures usually exist in fractured media systems, where the capillary pressure in the fracture is lower than that of the matrix, causing the discrepancy in oil recoveries between fractured and non-fractured porous media. Experiments, analytical solutions and conventional simulation methods based on the continuum model approach are incompetent or insufficient in describing media containing isolated fractures. In this paper, the simulation of the counter-current imbibition in fractured media is based on the discrete-fracture model (DFM). The interlocking or arrangement of matr

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3

Zhang, Qinghe, Bing Zhang, Chen Chen, et al. "A Test Method for Finding Early Dynamic Fracture of Rock: Using DIC and YOLOv5." Sensors 22, no. 17 (2022): 6320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176320.

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Intelligent monitoring and early warning of rock mass failure is vital. To realize the early intelligent identification of dynamic fractures in the failure process of complex fractured rocks, 3D printing of the fracture network model was used to produce rock-like specimens containing 20 random joints. An algorithm for the early intelligent identification of dynamic fractures was proposed based on the YOLOv5 deep learning network model and DIC cloud. The results demonstrate an important relationship between the overall strength of the specimen with complex fractures and dynamic fracture propaga

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Alemi, Dr Mehrdad, and Hossein Jalalifar. "Advanced Concepts in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Analysis of Field Data." Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.b1912.052122.

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Dual porosity reservoir is mainly defined as fractured reservoir. The Two porosities are included for fracture and matrix, Flow in the fractures, oil storage in the matrix. Dual Permeability reservoir are those pay zones with flow in both the fracture and matrix systems. Single porosity means matrix, dual porosity means both matrix and fractures and triple porosity means matrix, fractures and vugs. The description of displacement mechanisms in fractured reservoirs can be construed as: oil expansion, gravity forces, capillary forces, balance of gravity and capillary forces, diffusion and convec

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Dr., Mehrdad Alemi. "Advanced Concepts in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Analysis of Field Data." Indian J ournal of Petroleum Engineering (IJPE) 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.B1912.052122.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> Dual porosity reservoir is mainly defined as fractured reservoir. The Two porosities are included for fracture and matrix, Flow in the fractures, oil storage in the matrix. Dual Permeability reservoir are those pay zones with flow in both the fracture and matrix systems. Single porosity means matrix, dual porosity means both matrix and fractures and triple porosity means matrix, fractures and vugs. The description of displacement mechanisms in fractured reservoirs can be construed as: oil expansion, gravity forces, capillary forces, balance of gravity and capillary f

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6

Zhang, Ying, Kai He, Jianming Yang, et al. "Mechanical, Seepage, and Energy Evolution Properties of Multi-Shaped Fractured Sandstone Under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling: An Experimental Study." Minerals 15, no. 3 (2025): 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/min15030215.

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Rocks with multi-shaped fractures in engineering activities like mining, underground energy storage, and hydropower construction are often exposed to environments where stress and seepage fields interact, which heightens the uncertainty of instability and failure mechanisms. This has long been a long-standing challenge in the field of rock mechanics. Current research mainly focuses on the mechanical behavior, seepage, and energy evolution characteristics of single-fractured rocks under hydro-mechanical coupling. However, studies on the effects of multi-shaped fractures (such as T-shaped fractu

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7

Guo, Jingjing, Haitao Wang, Liehui Zhang, and Chengyong Li. "Pressure Transient Analysis and Flux Distribution for Multistage Fractured Horizontal Wells in Triple-Porosity Reservoir Media with Consideration of Stress-Sensitivity Effect." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/212901.

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Triple-porosity model is usually adopted to describe reservoirs with multiscaled pore spaces, including matrix pores, natural fractures, and vugs. Multiple fractures created by hydraulic fracturing can effectively improve the connectivity between existing natural fractures and thus increase well deliverability. However, little work has been done on pressure transient behavior of multistage fractured horizontal wells in triple-porosity reservoirs. Based on source/sink function method, this paper presents a triple-porosity model to investigate the transient pressure dynamics and flux distributio

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Kuchuk, Fikri, and Denis Biryukov. "Pressure-Transient Tests and Flow Regimes in Fractured Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 18, no. 02 (2015): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166296-pa.

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Summary Fractures are common features in many well-known reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs include fractured igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (matrix). Faults in many naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often have high-permeability zones, and are connected to numerous fractures that have varying conductivities. Furthermore, in many naturally fractured reservoirs, faults and fractures can be discrete (rather than connected-network dual-porosity systems). In this paper, we investigate the pressure-transient behavior of continuously and discretely naturally fractured rese

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9

Zhao, Kai, Runsen Li, Haoran Lei, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Influencing Factors of Hydraulic Fracture Network Development in Reservoirs with Pre-Existing Fractures." Processes 10, no. 4 (2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10040773.

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The intersection behavior of hydraulic fractures and single natural fractures has been studied in detail; however, in fractured reservoirs, natural fractures are numerous and interlaced and the intersection of hydraulic fractures and multiple natural fractures occurs during the fracturing process. This intersection behavior is more complex and there is a lack of research on this topic at present. In this study, a numerical simulation model of the interaction between hydraulic fractures and a series of natural fractures was established, the main factors that affect the formation scale of a frac

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10

Feng, Yueli, Yuetian Liu, and Gang Lei. "Study on Stress-Dependent Permeability of Fracture Networks in Fractured Porous Media." Geofluids 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7433547.

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In order to investigate the stress-sensitive characteristics of fracture networks under reservoir actual stress condition and its influence on the seepage in fractured porous media, we carried out permeability tests on experimental models with fracture networks under constant-volume boundary condition. In addition, a novel analytical stress-dependent permeability model of fracture networks in different directions was derived. Based on the test results and the proposed analytical model, the effects of various parameters (e.g., initial fracture aperture, fluid pressure, rock elastic modulus, eff

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11

Zhang, Peng, Yaniv Brick, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Numerical study of an electrode-based resistivity tool for fracture diagnostics in steel-cased wellbores." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 2 (2018): D41—D48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0355.1.

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The efficiency of a hydraulic fracture treatment depends primarily on the dimensions and orientation of propped fractures. We have developed a novel electrode-based resistivity tool concept for mapping proppant distribution in hydraulic fractures in steel-cased wellbores. The proposed tool configuration is shown to overcome the severe limitations of induction tools for the detection and resolution of propped fracture geometries in such wellbores. The concept makes use of an array of electrically insulating gap subsections, which are installed and cemented as permanent parts of the casing strin

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12

Shi, Shanzhi, Renyan Zhuo, Leiming Cheng, Yuankai Xiang, Xinfang Ma, and Tao Wang. "Fracture Characteristics and Distribution in Slant Core from Conglomerate Hydraulic Fracturing Test Site (CHFTS) in Junggar Basin, Northwest China." Processes 10, no. 8 (2022): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081646.

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Hydraulic fracture networks, especially fracture geometry, height growth, and proppant transport within the networks, present a critical influence on productivity evaluation and optimization of fracturing parameters. However, information about hydraulic fracture networks in post-fractured formations is seldom available. In this study, the characteristics (density and orientation) of hydraulic fractures were obtained from field observations of cores taken from conglomerate hydraulic fracturing test site (CHFTS). A large number of fractures were observed in the cores, and systematic fracture des

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13

Gray, Sarah N., Mathieu Spriet, Tanya C. Garcia, Francisco A. Uzal, and Susan M. Stover. "Preexisting lesions associated with complete diaphyseal fractures of the third metacarpal bone in 12 Thoroughbred racehorses." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 29, no. 4 (2017): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638717704866.

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We characterized features of complete diaphyseal fractures of third metacarpal bones in Thoroughbred racehorses. Given that stress fractures are known to occur in the third metacarpal bone, an additional aim was to determine if complete fractures are associated with signs of a preexisting incomplete stress fracture. Bilateral metacarpi from 12 Thoroughbred racehorses euthanized because of complete unilateral metacarpal diaphyseal fracture were examined visually and radiographically. Open, comminuted, transverse or short oblique fractures occurred in the middle of the diaphysis or supracondylar

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14

Jiang, Le, Peng Gao, Jie Liu, et al. "Simulation and Optimization of Dynamic Fracture Parameters for an Inverted Square Nine-Spot Well Pattern in Tight Fractured Oil Reservoirs." Geofluids 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8883803.

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Dynamic fractures are a geological attribute of water flooding development in tight fractured oil reservoirs. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the opening mechanism of dynamic fractures and the influence of dynamic fractures on development. Few attempts have been made to investigate the optimization of the dynamic fracture parameter. In this study, the inverted square nine-spot well pattern model is established by taking fractured reservoir’s heterogeneity and its threshold pressure gradients into account. This simulation model optimizes the various parameters in a tight fractu

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15

Yuan, Yingzhong, Wende Yan, Fengbo Chen, Jiqiang Li, Qianhua Xiao, and Xiaoliang Huang. "Numerical Simulation for Shale Gas Flow in Complex Fracture System of Fractured Horizontal Well." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 19, no. 3-4 (2018): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2017-0135.

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AbstractComplex fracture systems including natural fractures and hydraulic fractures exist in shale gas reservoir with fractured horizontal well development. The flow of shale gas is a multi-scale flow process from microscopic nanometer pores to macroscopic large fractures. Due to the complexity of seepage mechanism and fracture parameters, it is difficult to realize fine numerical simulation for fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs. Mechanisms of adsorption–desorption on the surface of shale pores, slippage and Knudsen diffusion in the nanometer pores, Darcy and non-Darcy seepag

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16

Fumagalli, Alessio, and Eirik Keilegavlen. "Dual Virtual Element Methods for Discrete Fracture Matrix models." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019008.

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The accurate description of fluid flow and transport in fractured porous media is of paramount importance to capture the macroscopic behavior of an oil reservoir, a geothermal system, or a CO2 sequestration site, to name few applications. The construction of accurate simulation models for flow in fractures is challenging due to the high ratio between a fracture’s length and width. In this paper, we present a mixed-dimensional Darcy problem which can represent the pressure and Darcy velocity in all the dimensions, i.e. in the rock matrix, in the fractures, and in their intersections. Moreover,

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17

Al Nefaie, Hamed, Zuhair Alsuhaymi, Ahmed Alzahrani, et al. "Fracture Patterns in Saudi Arabian Road Traffic Accidents Over the Last 12 Years: A Systematic Review." Journal of Healthcare Sciences 02, no. 11 (2022): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52533/johs.2022.21113.

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Background: Road traffic accidents are a major non-communicable epidemic that accounts for death and morbidity in the world today. Despite considerable attention given to health statistics of road traffic accidents (RTAs), the pattern of bone fracture aspects of injuries resulting from RTAs is not fully understood in Saudi Arabia. This review aimed to study the epidemiological pattern of fractures due to RTAs in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This systematic review was based on the latest evidence of RTA fractures in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (SAUDI ARABIA). All articles published during the last 12

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18

Yao, Mengbi, Haibin Chang, Xiang Li, and Dongxiao Zhang. "An Integrated Approach for History Matching of Multiscale-Fracture Reservoirs." SPE Journal 24, no. 04 (2019): 1508–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195589-pa.

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Summary Naturally or hydraulically fractured reservoirs usually contain fractures at various scales. Among these fractures, large-scale fractures might strongly affect fluid flow, making them essential for production behavior. Areas with densely populated small-scale fractures might also affect the flow capacity of the region and contribute to production. However, because of limited information, locating each small-scale fracture individually is impossible. The coexistence of different fracture scales also constitutes a great challenge for history matching. In this work, an integrated approach

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Xue, Jiao, Hanming Gu, and Chengguo Cai. "Model-based amplitude versus offset and azimuth inversion for estimating fracture parameters and fluid content." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 2 (2017): M1—M17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0196.1.

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The normal-to-shear fracture compliance ratio is commonly used as a fluid indicator. In the seismic frequency range, the fluid indicator lies between the values for isolated fluid-filled fractures and dry fractures, and it is not easy to discriminate the fluid content. Assuming that the fracture surfaces are smooth, we use [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] representing the normal fracture weakness of the saturated and dry rock, to indicate fluid types, and to define a fluid influencing factor. The fluid influencing factor is sensitive to the fluid properties

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20

Chen, Zhiming, Xinwei Liao, Kamy Sepehrnoori, and Wei Yu. "A Semianalytical Model for Pressure-Transient Analysis of Fractured Wells in Unconventional Plays With Arbitrarily Distributed Discrete Fractures." SPE Journal 23, no. 06 (2018): 2041–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187290-pa.

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Summary In this paper, we present an efficient semianalytical model for pressure-transient analysis in fractured wells by considering arbitrarily distributed fracture networks. The semianalytical model included three domains: matrix, hydraulic-fracture networks, and discrete natural fractures. Using the line-source function, we developed the diffusivity equation for fluid flow in matrix. By applying the vertex-analysis technique, we eliminated the flow interplay at fracture intersections and established the diffusivity equations for fluid flow in hydraulic-fracture networks and isolated natura

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Li, Liyong, and Seong H. Lee. "Efficient Field-Scale Simulation of Black Oil in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir Through Discrete Fracture Networks and Homogenized Media." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 11, no. 04 (2008): 750–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/103901-pa.

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Summary This paper describes a hybrid finite volume method, designed to simulate multiphase flow in a field-scale naturally fractured reservoir. Lee et al. (WRR 37:443-455, 2001) developed a hierarchical approach in which the permeability contribution from short fractures is derived in an analytical expression that from medium fractures is numerically solved using a boundary element method. The long fractures are modeled explicitly as major fluid conduits. Reservoirs with well-developed natural fractures include many complex fracture networks that cannot be easily modeled by simple long fractu

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Liu, Jinhui, Yuli Zhou, and Jianguo Chen. "A Two-Dimensional Partitioning of Fracture–Matrix Flow in Fractured Reservoir Rock Using a Dual-Porosity Percolation Model." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082209.

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Fractures and micropores have varying contributions to the gas permeability of fractured reservoirs. The quantification of the contribution of fractures and micropores that form a dual-porosity system for gas permeability is critical when attempting to accurately evaluate gas production. However, due to insufficient knowledge of fracture–matrix flow partitioning in such dual-porosity systems, it is challenging for previous models to quantitatively characterize the fracture heterogeneity and accurately evaluate the gas flow and permeability in fractured rocks. In this study, we propose a dual-p

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Liu, Chao, Xinggui Yang, Wenqi Cao, Jin Lin, Yuxuan Liu, and Hang Zhang. "Discrimination Model of Interaction Between Hydraulic Fracture and Natural Fracture Based on Energy Balance." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1652. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061652.

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Hydraulic fracturing technology has been extensively applied for the efficient development of unconventional reservoirs. Influenced by geological discontinuities such as naturally fractured weak planes, the complex interaction behaviors between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures significantly challenge the prediction of hydraulic fracture propagation paths. Establishing interaction discrimination models to predict these behaviors proves crucial for characterizing post-stimulation fracture complexity. This study develops a discrimination model for hydraulic-natural fracture interactions

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Abdel-Rahman, Hoshang. "Causes and types of complete denture fracture." Zanco Journal of Medical Sciences 15, no. 3 (2011): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15218/zjms.2011.031.

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Background and objectives: determine the causes and types of complete denture fractures. Methods: The study was performed in the Hawler medical university, college of Dentistry Department of Prosthodontics. The number of fractured complete denture collected was 290 from patients aged 35-80 years of both genders. The (causes of denture fracture, the type of fracture and the history of previous recurrent fractures) were recorded. Results: : The main cause of denture fracture was poor fitting (40%), followed by poor occlusal relation (21%). Midline fracture was the commonest type of fracture (59%

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Li, Jianxiong, Shiming Dong, Wen Hua, Xiaolong Li, and Xin Pan. "Numerical Investigation of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Based on Cohesive Zone Model in Naturally Fractured Formations." Processes 7, no. 1 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010028.

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Complex propagation patterns of hydraulic fractures often play important roles in naturally fractured formations due to complex mechanisms. Therefore, understanding propagation patterns and the geometry of fractures is essential for hydraulic fracturing design. In this work, a seepage–stress–damage coupled model based on the finite pore pressure cohesive zone (PPCZ) method was developed to investigate hydraulic fracture propagation behavior in a naturally fractured reservoir. Compared with the traditional finite element method, the coupled model with global insertion cohesive elements realizes

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STANTON, J. S., J. J. DIAS, and F. D. BURKE. "Fractures of the Tubular Bones of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 32, no. 6 (2007): 626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhse.2007.06.017.

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Age related differences in demographics, morphology, treatment and outcome were investigated in 701 fractures of the metacarpals or phalanges, including fracture-dislocations, in 655 patients. Fractures mainly due to sport occurred in 184 children, usually after 10 years of age. The base of the proximal phalanx was especially vulnerable. Thirty-seven percent of 256 young adults fractured their fifth metacarpal. The thumb was rarely involved. Half of these two groups fractured the fifth ray. Older adults had more fractures of the distal phalanx and displaced extraarticular fractures requiring s

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Noor, Marjan, Raheel Hassan, Abid Hussain Bukhari, and Rashida Hilal. "Frequency of Parasymphysis Fracture in Mandibular Fractures Due to Road Traffic Accidents." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (2022): 333–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169333.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of parasymphysis fracture in mandibular fractures due to road traffic accidents. Study Type: Cross-sectional study Duration and Place of Study: Department of OMF Surgery Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st December 2019 to 30thMay 2020 Methodology: One hundred and forty eight patients were shifted to the Radiology Department for X-rays of mandible . Fractures of mandible especially fracture of parasymphysis were seen. Results: The mean age was 47.46±21.25 years. Fractured parasymphysis was found in 75 (82%) male patients and female patients were 14

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Xu, Chaoshui, Shaoqun Dong, Hang Wang, et al. "Modelling of Coupled Hydro-Thermo-Chemical Fluid Flow through Rock Fracture Networks and Its Applications." Geosciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11040153.

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Most rock masses contain natural fractures. In many engineering applications, a detailed understanding of the characteristics of fluid flow through a fractured rock mass is critically important for design, performance analysis, and uncertainty/risk assessment. In this context, rock fractures and fracture networks play a decisive role in conducting fluid through the rock mass as the permeability of fractures is in general orders of magnitudes greater than that of intact rock matrices, particularly in hard rock settings. This paper reviews the modelling methods developed over the past four decad

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Liu, Hong, Jiang Xin Feng, Ya Long Zhang, Yi Xing Yue, Tao Zhang, and Yu Pan. "Mechanism for Network Fracturing in Natural Fractured Reservoir." Advanced Materials Research 868 (December 2013): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.868.718.

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By the methods of in-house experiment and theory analysis, the fracture initiation, stretch and interconnected mechanism of natural fracture is studied in the fracturing process of main fracture and branch fracture extending. The results have shown that, the hydraulic fracture in fractured formation is composed of a few main fractures in large size and many s secondary fractures in small size. The main fracture has the extending trend with the maximum crustal stress direction. The direction of sub fracture is network along the maximum crustal stress. The higher the degree of natural fractures,

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Al-Rubaie, Ali, and Hisham Khaled Ben Mahmud. "A numerical investigation on the performance of hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured gas reservoirs based on stimulated rock volume." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (2020): 3333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00980-8.

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Abstract All reservoirs are fractured to some degree. Depending on the density, dimension, orientation and the cementation of natural fractures and the location where the hydraulic fracturing is done, preexisting natural fractures can impact hydraulic fracture propagation and the associated flow capacity. Understanding the interactions between hydraulic fracture and natural fractures is crucial in estimating fracture complexity, stimulated reservoir volume, drained reservoir volume and completion efficiency. However, because of the presence of natural fractures with diffuse penetration and dif

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Wu, Na, Zhengzhao Liang, Yan Tao, Ting Ai, and Guijie Li. "Sensitivity Analysis of Fracture Geometry Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of Rock Mass with an Embedded Three-Dimensional Fracture Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (2022): 9284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189284.

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The existence of fractures has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of a rock mass. The sensitivity of the rock mass’s mechanical properties to the fracture’s geometric parameters is conducive to improving the measurement accuracy of fractured rock mass engineering. Firstly, the fracture geometric parameters in the dam site area of Lianghekou Hydropower Station were counted using the ShapeMetriX3D system. Then, the effect of the fracture’s geometric parameters on the deformation characteristics, failure mode, and mechanical parameters of the rock mass were investigated based on

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Wang, E. Z., Z. Q. Yue, L. G. Tham, Y. Tsui, and H. T. Wang. "A dual fracture model to simulate large-scale flow through fractured rocks." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 6 (2002): 1302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-068.

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Discrete fracture network models can be used to study groundwater flow in fractured rock masses. However, one may find that it is not easy to apply such models to practical projects as it is difficult to investigate every fracture and measure its hydraulic parameters. To overcome such difficulties, a dual fracture model is proposed. Taking into account the hydraulic characteristics of the various elements of the fracture system, a hydrogeological medium is assumed to consist of two components: the dominant fracture network and the fractured rock matrix. As the dominant fracture network consist

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Morimoto, Susana, Wilma K. C. Lia, Flavia Gonçalves, et al. "Risk Factors Associated with Cusp Fractures in Posterior Permanent Teeth—A Cross-Sectional Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (2021): 9299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199299.

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Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors associated with cusp fractures in posterior permanent teeth. Methods: Patients presented cusp fractures on posterior permanent teeth, clinically assessed in up to 7 days after the event, and requesting dental treatment at two public services were included in this cross-sectional study. Fractured teeth already treated, with antagonist absence, or with prosthesis (total or removable) were excluded. Demographic and clinical data were collected to draw the patient profiles and establish how teeth were affected

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Kelishadi, Shahrooz S., Matthew R. Zeiderman, Karan Chopra, Joseph A. Kelamis, Gerhard S. Mundinger, and Eduardo D. Rodriguez. "Facial Fracture Patterns Associated with Traumatic Optic Neuropathy." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 12, no. 1 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641172.

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Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is rare. The heterogeneity of injury patterns and patient condition on presentation makes diagnosis difficult. Fracture patterns associated with TON have never been evaluated. Retrospective review of 42 patients diagnosed with TON at the R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center from May 1998 to August 2010 was performed. Thirty-three patients met criteria for study inclusion of fracture patterns. Additional variables measured included patient demographics and mechanism. Cluster analysis was used to form homogenous groups of patients based on different fracture patte

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van Heerden, Frans G., Robert M. Kirberger, and Marthinus J. Hartman. "Long Bone Fractures in Impala (Aepyceros melampus): A Classification System and Review of 55 Cases." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 05 (2019): 408–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1691818.

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Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to introduce a modified-Unger fracture classification in impala and report the findings of 58 long bone fractures classified according to this system. Methods This was a retrospective radiographical study evaluating 122 radiographs of 58 long bone fractures in 55 impala. The Unger fracture classification was modified and fracture illustrations for the metacarpal and metatarsal bones added. Each fracture was classified and assigned a four symbol α-numeric code using our classification. The patient signalment, skeletal maturity, fracture-associate

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Abedi, Behbood, Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari, and Riyaz Kharrat. "Experimental Study of Polymer Flooding in Fractured Systems Using Five-Spot Glass Micromodel: The Role of Fracture Geometrical Properties." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 30, no. 5 (2012): 689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.30.5.689.

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Water flooding is being widely used in the petroleum industry and has been considered as a simple inexpensive secondary recovery method. But in fractured formations, existence of fracture system in reservoir rock induces an adverse effect on oil recovery by water flooding. Polymer flooding has been successfully applied as an alternative enhanced oil recovery method in fractured formations. But, the role of fracture geometrical properties on macroscopic efficiency of polymer flooding is not yet well-understood, especially in fractured five-spot systems. In this work five-spot glass micromodel,

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Lee, Seung, Jae Sim, Do Han, and Min Kim. "A Transpatellar Approach to Treat Distal Femoral Type C3 Fractures Combined with Patellar Fractures." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 09 (2018): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626734.

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AbstractWe report our surgical method used to treat type C distal femur fractures accompanied by patella fractures whereby we approach the articular surface of the femur through the already-fractured patella. We treated 10 patients with type C3 distal femur and patella fractures between May 2013 and April 2015. Because the patella was fractured in all cases, we could approach the articular surface of the distal femur through the transverse gap between the retracted patellar fracture fragments, “transpatellar approach.” Any surgical complications were recorded. Knee function was evaluated using

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Liu, Mengxuan. "Research on fracture trend of repeated fracturing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2247, no. 1 (2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2247/1/012016.

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Abstract The fracture trend of repeated fracturing is directly related to the effect of repeated fracturing and whether it can effectively expand the swept volume. In this paper, a large-scale hydraulic fracturing process simulation device is used to conduct laboratory experiments on fractured reservoirs to study the initiation and extension of repeated fracturing fractures under different stress states. The experimental results show that new fractures are easy to extend from the natural fractures near the wellbore, and the initiation pressure of the secondary fracturing is reduced due to the

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Mizuhashi, Fumi, Yuko Watarai, and Ichiro Ogura. "Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography." Journal of Imaging 8, no. 3 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8030051.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and the detection ability of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth by intraoral radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT images of 50 patients with root fractures in endodontically treated teeth were reviewed, and 36 vertical root fractures were taken in this study. The cause of fracture, core construction, kind of teeth, and fracture direction (bucco-lingual and mesio-distal fractures) were investigated. Detection ability of vertical root fractures by intraoral radiography and CBCT was also ex

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Chang, Xu, Junjie Liu, Chun An Tang, Yong Bin Zhang, and Juan Xia Zhang. "Numerical Approach to Fracture Spacing in Two Layered Material." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.750.

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Equally spaced opening-mode fractures always evolve in top layer attached to underlying layer. With a newly developed Material Failure Process Analysis code (MFPA2D), we have firstly investigated the stress distribution between two adjacent fractures as a function of the fracture-spacing-to-layer-thickness ratio using a two-layer model with a fractured top layer. The numerical results indicate the horizontal stress perpendicular to the fractures near the top surface changes from tensile to compressive when the fracture-spacing-to-layer-thickness ratio changes from greater than to less than a c

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Cao, Xusheng, Jichuan Ren, Shunyuan Xin, Chencheng Guan, Bing Zhao, and Peixuan Xu. "Study of Acid Fracturing Strategy with Integrated Modeling in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs." Processes 12, no. 4 (2024): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12040808.

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Natural fractures and wormholes strongly influence the performance of acid fracturing in naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs. This work uses an integrated model to study the effects of treatment parameters in acid fracturing in different reservoir conditions. Hydraulic fracture propagation, wormhole propagation, complex fluid leak-off mediums, and heat transfer are considered in the modeling. The model is validated in several steps by analytical solutions. The simulation results indicated that natural fractures and wormholes critically impact acid fracturing and can change the predicted o

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Rahim, Ashfaq ur, Sadiq Ali, Muhammad Nauman, et al. "Comparison of Preauricular Approach Versus Retromandibular Approach in Management of Condylar Fractures." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (2021): 2137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582137.

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Objectives: Surgical treatment of patients with multiple mandibular fractures involving condylar segments may be a difficult proposition for a maxillofacial surgeon. These fractures can be double or triple fractures of the lower mandible and can also be associated with other fractures of the face. While many authors have suggested that the conventional approach to reducing and stabilizing a mandibular symphysis / para-symphysis fracture is appropriate before addressing a fractured condyle, there is another school of thought that suggests that the condylar segment should be reduced and repaired

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Hadley, Mark N., Curtis A. Dickman, Carol M. Browner, and Volker K. H. Sonntag. "Acute Traumatic Atlas Fractures: Management and Long Term Outcome." Neurosurgery 23, no. 1 (1988): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198807000-00007.

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ABSTRACT Fractures of the 1st cervical vertebra (C1) represent 7% of all acute cervical spine fractures. Isolated atlas fractures are most commonly bilateral or multiple fractures through the ring of C1. Frequently (44% of cases), the atlas will be fractured in combination with the axis. Treatment of isolated C1 fractures should be governed by the rules of Spence. The treatment of combination C1-C2 fractures is dictated by the type and severity of the C2 fracture. Experience with 57 cases of acute atlas fractures is reviewed. Nonoperative external immobilization was used in 53 patients (with 1

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Ramos-Barreto, Ana L., Jonas D. De Basabe, and Raul U. Silva-Avalos. "Elastic Wave Propagation Through Cylinders with Fluid-Filled Fractures Using the Discontinuous Galerkin Method." Mathematics 13, no. 10 (2025): 1572. https://doi.org/10.3390/math13101572.

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Accurately modeling fractures in wave-propagation simulations is challenging due to their small scale relative to other features. While equivalent-media models can approximate fracture-induced anisotropy, they fail to capture their discrete influence on wave propagation. To address this limitation, the Interior-Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method (IP-DGM) can be adapted to incorporate the Linear-Slip Model (LSM) to represent fractures explicitly. In this study, we apply IP-DGM to elastic wave propagation in fractured cylindrical domains using realistic fracture compliances obtained from labo

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Baird, Alan F., J. Michael Kendall, and Doug A. Angus. "Frequency-dependent seismic anisotropy due to fractures: Fluid flow versus scattering." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 2 (2013): WA111—WA122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0288.1.

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Anisotropy is a useful attribute for the detection and characterization of aligned fracture sets in petroleum reservoirs. Unfortunately, many of the traditional effective medium theories for modeling the seismic properties of fractured rock are insensitive to the size of the constituent fractures. For example, the same pattern of anisotropy may be produced by a high concentration of small, stiff cracks or by a lower concentration of large, compliant fractures. The distinction between these models is important for assessing permeability anisotropy because fluid flow is dominated by the largest

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Liu, Bin, Chen Xu, Junchang Sun, and Hongqi Yuan. "Analysis of the Migration of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Saline Fractured Aquifer." International Journal of Energy 2, no. 3 (2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ije.v2i3.9341.

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In order to control greenhouse gases and protect the environment, carbon dioxide emission reduction has become a global research hotspot. Fractures in the deep saline aquifer enhance the heterogeneity of the aquifer, and have an important effect on CO2 migration, thus the detailed description and characterization of fractures in geological structure are very important. Existing research on the impact of fractures on CO2 migration, however, ignores the role that the fractures' characteristics play in this process. This work aims at addressing this gap. Based on the embedded discrete fractured m

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Kuchuk, Fikri, Denis Biryukov, and Tony Fitzpatrick. "Fractured-Reservoir Modeling and Interpretation." SPE Journal 20, no. 05 (2015): 983–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/176030-pa.

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Summary Fractures are common features of many well-known reservoirs. Naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs) consist of fractures in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks (matrix). Faults in many naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs often have high-permeability zones and are connected to numerous fractures with varying conductivities. In many NFRs, faults and fractures frequently have discrete distributions rather than connected-fracture networks. Because faulting often creates fractures, faults and fractures should be modeled together. Accurately modeling NFR pressure-transient behavi

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Qiu, Xiangliang, Chengqian Tan, Yuanyuan Lu, and Shuai Yin. "Evaluation of fractures using conventional and FMI logs, and 3D seismic interpretation in continental tight sandstone reservoir." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (2022): 530–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0372.

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Abstract Due to the complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity of fractured reservoirs, it is a hot and difficult point in petroleum geology to identify fractures using logging principles. In this paper, taking the tight sandstone reservoir of the Chang 8 Member in the Huanjiang Oilfield as an example, field outcrops, cores, thin sections, and logging identification methods were used for quantitative description and fine logging evaluation of fractures. The research shows that high-angle, medium-low-angle, near-vertical, and horizontal fractures are developed in the Chang 8 Member of the

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Yang, Xiangtong, Yuanwei Pan, Wentong Fan, et al. "Case Study: 4D Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanics Simulation of a High-Pressure/High-Temperature Naturally Fractured Reservoir." SPE Journal 23, no. 05 (2018): 1518–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187606-pa.

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Summary The Keshen Reservoir is a naturally fractured, deep, tight sandstone gas reservoir under high tectonic stress. Because the reservoir matrix is very tight, the natural-fracture system is the main pathway for gas production. Meanwhile, stimulation is still required for most production wells to provide production rates that sufficiently compensate for the high cost of drilling and completing wells to access this deep reservoir. Large depletion (and related stress change) was expected during the course of the production of the field. The dynamic response of the reservoir and related risks,

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Dang, Hong-Lam. "Modeling the Effect of Intersected Fractures on Oil Production Rate of Fractured Reservoirs by Embedded Fracture Continuum Approach." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2019 (July 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4034860.

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The homogenization of matrix and short fractures is one of the conventional approaches to deal with a plenty of fractures in different scales. However, the accuracy of this approach is still a question when long fractures and short fractures are distributed in the homogenized model. This paper describes a new hybrid method in which the long fractures will be modeled explicitly by the embedded fracture continuum approach and short fractures are considered through the homogenized technique. The author used this hybrid method to demonstrate the effect of fractures which are intersected to the wel

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