Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fragilisation'
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Fayolle, Bruno. "Fragilisation du polypropylène induite par oxydation." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004023.
Full textForestier, Isabelle. "La fragilisation de la propriété immobilière." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00500302/fr/.
Full textThe evolution of the texts of laws engendred an embrittlement of the real estate private property. It is advisable to split this research into two parts. The first part approaches the private interest and the second part concerns the general interest. So, it is advisable to evoke first of all the history of the private property to understand the place reserved for the private property after its recognition. This study turns out indispensable to seize very exactly the reasons which engendred at present an embrittlement. The reproduction of texts favorable to the persons in difficulties saw appearing time, the reproduction of the use of the term general interest engendred her an embrittlement. So, the study of the law of the town planning and of the law of the environment seems essential. The capacities of these notions tend to reduce the powers of the owner. This control of grounds is particularly wide because the owner participates in the conversation of the envionmental landscapes. This environmental protection facilates the tourism. This last domain also engenders an embrittlement of the real estate private property
Rigual, Sucre Yobiris. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques alliés à l'azote." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-11-12.pdf.
Full textRigual, Sucre Yobiris Vogt Jean-Bernard Iost Alain. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques alliés à l'azote." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-11-12.pdf.
Full textMillet, Céline. "Les applications des fluides supercritiques en microélectronique : Retrait de la résine photosensible et nettoyage de matériaux de très faible permittivité." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20187.
Full textMontoya, Frédéric. "Étude par simulation numérique de la fragilisation des verres métalliques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL155N.
Full textYe, Changqing. "Fragilisation de l’acier martensitique T91 par l’eutectique liquide Plomb-Bismuth." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10059/document.
Full textMartensitic T91 steel is designated to constitute structural material for both Generation IV nuclear reactors and the high temperature components of future accelerator driven system (ADS) which employ liquid metals. The liquid LBE embrittlement of is one of the critical issues for the compatibility between the structural material T91 steel and the liquid metal. This thesis research has estimated the embrittlement sensitivity of T91 steel in liquid LBE qualitatively and quantitatively. A specific unit of LBE purification has been manufactured to remove oxygen from LBE. Special setup of Small Punch Test, three-point bending test and tensile test, have been developed in the laboratory to perform mechanical tests in low oxygen LBE inside an environmentally controlled atmosphere cell. T91 steel is a ductile material even when stressed in LBE but there exists a set of conditions which results in ductile to brittle transition. T91 steel has appeared very sensitive to liquid LBE embrittlement at 300°C when it very slowly loaded as well in oxygen saturated LBE as in low oxygen LBE even in the standard heat treatment. In addition, low oxygen content in LBE accelerates this brittle damage. Surface defects play a role when their size is of the order of a few grain sizes. The fracture toughness for T91 steel in liquid LBE can be just half of that in air. The mechanism of liquid LBE embrittlement of T91 is based on the reduction of both the values of interatomic bonds cohesive strength and of surface energy. Straining very slowly the material is supposed to favour oxidation-oxide film rupture sequences which allows real adsorption at crack tip and then propagation of brittle crack
Ye, Changqing. "Fragilisation de l’acier martensitique T91 par l’eutectique liquide Plomb-Bismuth." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10059.
Full textMartensitic T91 steel is designated to constitute structural material for both Generation IV nuclear reactors and the high temperature components of future accelerator driven system (ADS) which employ liquid metals. The liquid LBE embrittlement of is one of the critical issues for the compatibility between the structural material T91 steel and the liquid metal. This thesis research has estimated the embrittlement sensitivity of T91 steel in liquid LBE qualitatively and quantitatively. A specific unit of LBE purification has been manufactured to remove oxygen from LBE. Special setup of Small Punch Test, three-point bending test and tensile test, have been developed in the laboratory to perform mechanical tests in low oxygen LBE inside an environmentally controlled atmosphere cell. T91 steel is a ductile material even when stressed in LBE but there exists a set of conditions which results in ductile to brittle transition. T91 steel has appeared very sensitive to liquid LBE embrittlement at 300°C when it very slowly loaded as well in oxygen saturated LBE as in low oxygen LBE even in the standard heat treatment. In addition, low oxygen content in LBE accelerates this brittle damage. Surface defects play a role when their size is of the order of a few grain sizes. The fracture toughness for T91 steel in liquid LBE can be just half of that in air. The mechanism of liquid LBE embrittlement of T91 is based on the reduction of both the values of interatomic bonds cohesive strength and of surface energy. Straining very slowly the material is supposed to favour oxidation-oxide film rupture sequences which allows real adsorption at crack tip and then propagation of brittle crack
Ezequiel, Alvarado Marco Alejandro. "Mécanismes de fragilisation d'alliages Cu-Zn par l'eutectique Ga-In." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR005.
Full textThis work presents a study of the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon at room temperature on alpha brasses with different Zn content in contact with the liquid eutectic Ga-In (EGaIn). The liquid EGaIn wets pure Cu partially with a relatively low contact angle of 49 ± 5 °, which is lower for the alpha brasses and decreases with the Zn content alloy down to 36 ± 5 ° for the Cu-30%Zn alloy. Moreover, the CuGa2 intermetallic forms whenever the liquid EGaIn is in contact with Cu and the alpha brasses, independently of the Zn content. Testing with the 3-point bending test showed that the LME sensitivity by the EGaIn increases at higher strain rates, higher Zn content, and higher hardness. Whenever there is LME, the liquid EGaIn does not affect the fracture initiation but the fracture propagation; hence the samples systematically presented a ductile fracture initiation followed by a brittle intergranular fracture propagation. The CuGa2 intermetallic impedes the brittle fracture initiation by blocking the contact between the EGaIn and the alpha brasses from the early stages of the test. Later, when the intermetallic breaks, the liquid EGaIn comes into contact with the alpha brass making the LME possible if the brass is under sufficient plastic deformation. Due to the ductile fracture initiation, the Cu-30%Zn alloy does not present LME when tested using the standard Small Punch Test (SPT). In contrast, using pre-notched SPT samples enables the observation of this alloy's embrittlement in contact with the liquid EGaIn. Furthermore, due to the ductile fracture initiation, it is impossible to use the bending tests or the SPT to measure the fracture toughness related to the LME phenomenon. In contrast, in-situ micro-bending tests with a W protective layer were suitable for the fracture toughness measurement of Cu-30%Zn in contact with the EGaIn; for instance, a fracture toughness value of 1.57 ± 0.08 MPa m1/2 was measured with the double clamped beam test
Paris, François. "Fragilisation d'un alliage à base de nickel par le gaz hydrogène /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=874.
Full textColombeau, Julien. "Fragilisation du cuivre par le mercure liquide : étude expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0026/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to make an advance in the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) understanding, based on the experimental and numerical studies of the copper/mercury system. OFHC (Oxygen Free High Conductivity) copper embrittlement by liquid mercury is studied and quantified by toughness measures. Moreover, grain boundary engineering (GBE) is implemented in order to increase the proportion of special Σ3 grain boundaries. LME tests are performed and allow to establish the particular behaviour of the Σ3 grain boundaries in the copper embrittlement by liquid mercury. At the same time, modelling of special Σ3 and Σ5 grain boundaries based on density functional theory are performed. This allows to show the weakening of mechanical properties of both grain boundaries containing mercury atoms, and also to understand the immunity of Σ3 grain boundaries as observed experimentally. However, experimental observations can not been qualitatively explained by these modelling. In order to improve this description, a non-local contribution is introduced by means of a cohesive zone model. It is shown that the confinement of the liquid metal at the very crack tip produces a force normal to the surface of the solid (the origin of this force is discussed), and that the consideration of this force allows to describe more accurately experimental results. This model is supported by LME experiments under hydrostatic pressure
Maïza, Sofiane. "Fragilisation mécanique du polyamide 11 en condition d'hydrolyse : mécanisme et modélisation." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0026/document.
Full textThe prediction of the long-term behaviour of polyamides (PAs) is a major challenge for the structural design of various technological equipment in the field of energy and transport. PAs are very ductile when new, but they are sensitive to hydrolysis.Structure-properties relationships of PAs during ageing in water have been somewhat studied in literature. But little attention has been paid so far to the modeling of the mechanical behavior evolving with ageing in relation to the diffusion of water in the material.This work aims to be able to predict the ductile-brittle transition of polyamides, PA11 in particular, during ageing in temperature and acidic aqueous medium.The first part of the work focused on understanding the mechanical degradation of PA11 as a function of hydric and thermal ageing (at pH4 and at 110 ° C), based on an experimental campaign in order to link the evolution of the macroscopic mechanical behavior to that of physicochemical descriptors. First, acid and temperature ageing tests were performed to evaluate the long-term degradation of PA11. Then, in order to decorrelate the effects of the hydrolysis of the annealing effects, tests of thermal ageing only, in neutral environment, were carried out. Tensile tests at break and creep tests were then performed in order to measure possible changes in the mechanical properties during ageing. Different physicochemical characterizations (DSC, GPC, FTIR, viscosimetry) made it possible to link morphological changes at different scales of the material to the evolution of these macroscopic mechanical quantities.Secondly, a modeling of the ductile-brittle transition of PA11 during ageing was put in place. The evolution of physicochemical descriptors has been integrated into the formalism of a mechanical model developed at IFPEN to account for the biphasic behavior of semi-crystalline polymers. The model makes it possible to describe the impact of ageing on the mechanical behavior of PA11, in particular the initiation as well as the propagation of a neck if necessary. Finally, a model of the rupture of PA11 by embrittlement is proposed
JOSEPH, BENOIT. "Fragilisation du cuivre par le bismuth liquide : etude cinetique et mecanisme." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112291.
Full textNiyonsaba, Emmanuel. "Vieillissements pluriels : Expériences des "parents" âgés Sénégalais en cours de fragilisation." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH27.
Full textThis thesis is part of an analysis of the contemporary dynamics of aging in African societies, particularly in Senegal. It proposes to explore the experiences of elderly "parents" in the process of becoming fragile through the prism of solidarity in a context of social change, to grasp the relative ambivalences, on the one hand in their place within the family and social sphere, and on the other hand in the representations of aging. This research deconstructs first of all the representation of aging by showing that the elderly parents are not the "simple assisted", but actors within the family solidarity and that "their ageing" are plural, dynamic and rich of inventiveness. Then, from the qualitative surveys carried out in Senegal and in a complementary way with Senegalese migrants living in France (Le Havre), the research highlights the limits of family solidarities in the social accompaniment of elderly "parents" and calls for imagining of varied solutions to ageing people. Finally, the transformations in the family modalities of exercising of solidarities towards the elderly invite to a reversal of glance, if not dominant paradigm, in the way of thinking old age. This thesis is a contribution to the knowledge of the multiple experiences of aging
Hennion, Arnaud. "Microstructure et fragilisation des aciers de cuve des réacteurs nucléaires VVER 440." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-389.pdf.
Full textMoro, Isabelle. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène gazeux d'un acier ferrito-perlitique de grade API X80." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT032G/document.
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Clement, Antoine. "Plasticité et fragilisation par métal liquide des alliages de laitons-alpha CuZn." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2022. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03920981.
Full textThis PHd-thesis deals with the plasticity and liquid mercury embrittlement of α-brass. Differentproperties such as Peierls stress or critical stress intensity factors for dislocation emission at the cracktip were studied as a function of the zinc concentration of the alloys. This study was performed bydeveloping an EAM potential which was then used in a QM/MM approach to combine the advantagesof ab-initio calculations and interatomic potentials. Different grain boundaries were modeled and theirbehavior in contact with liquid metal was observed. A new mechanism of embrittlement by liquidmetal has been revealed with the creation of subsurface cavities
Frappier, Renaud. "Fragilisation des aciers par le zinc liquide à haute température et conséquences." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9bb1b823-c4e5-4b2f-ae06-e6916c639fca.
Full textLiquid-Zn induced embrittlement of advanced high strength steels and the consequences for resistance spot welding of galvanized sheets are studied. High temperature tensile tests show that Zn-coated steels loss its ductility, by comparison with bare steel sheet, for temperature typically between 700 °C and 950 °C. Intergranular cracks are observed with nanometer-thick films of Zn. The temperature range for embrittlement (well above Zn melting point around 420 °C) is correlated to the effective wetting of steel grain boundaries by liquid Zn. Crack velocity is correlated to estimated stress intensity factor at the crack tip. The phenomenon is discussed in terms of grain boundary diffusion of Zn, wetting transition of grain boundary, and simple mechanical features at the crack tip. Resistance spot welding process is characterized by innovative methods: temperature measurement by infrared thermography, and deformation characterization by high speed camera monitoring. Cracking extent for investigated grades is quantified by measuring a cumulated crack depth into the spot as a function of welding current, surface temperature and surface deformation. Differences between investigated steels are analyzed regarding the chemical composition and the microstructure. The analysis of a database of 30 steel grades lead to find tendency for the influence of main alloying elements, and to design tentative solutions to avoid the phenomenon
Dieudonné, Thomas. "Mécanismes d'absorption de l'hydrogène en milieux aqueux dans des aciers austénitiques Fe-Mn-C : conséquences sur l'endommagement." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0011.
Full textThe automotive industry is a sector in constant evolution, in which the lightening of structures by the use of new alloys, in order to save energy, is one of the main objectives. In this context, austenitic Fe-Mn-C steels are developed in order to obtain high mechanical strength associated with considerable ductility. However, these steels are sensitive to different forms of hydrogen damage, in particular stress corrosion cracking. The objective of this study is to characterize the influence of the chemical composition and the microstructural state of these alloys on their sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement (HE) phenomena associated with corrosion process in aqueous media. This work starts with a general presentation of the metallurgical properties of austenitic Fe-Mn-C steels and of the experimental techniques. Then, the isotopic tracing of hydrogen with deuterium by SIMS analysis allowed studying hydrogen diffusion mechanisms in these alloys. The corrosion of these steels in aqueous media have been studied by electrochemical tests and immersions at the rest potential in deuterated solution ; the influence of alloying elements on the hydrogen absorption during corrosion war characterized in detail. In situ tensile tests were used to characterize the HE susceptibility of these steels. They show that hydrogen-plasticity interactions play a predominant role in the HE mechanisms. This study also showed a strong influence of alloying elements on HE. Finally, the results of this study allowed discussing the mechanism involved in the role of alloying elements on the HE susceptibility of these steels
Nicaise, Gregory. "SENSIBILITE DE L'ACIER MARTENSITIQUE Z10CDNbV9-1 A LA FRAGILISATION PAR LES METAUX LIQUIDES." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454185.
Full textHan, Xu. "Modélisation de la fragilisation due au gonflement dans les aciers inoxydables austénitiques irradiés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00818326.
Full textBayart, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation multi-échelle d'un assemblage riveté aéronautique : vers un modèle de fragilisation structurale." Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/78c36f37-7840-4673-b6e0-eafa4f7af653.
Full textAs part of crash simulations, one difficulty concerns the representativeness of material and geometrical non-linear behaviours, especially in the jointed areas. For instance, the mechanical ruin of punched plates is not correctly predicted. In that sense, the aim of this work is to propose a methodology to formalize and characterize a structural embrittlement model, which will enable to model the structural weakening effects of holes in mettalic plates at a macroscopic level. The structural embrittlement concept is presented in the first part. Coming from the perforations, the structural embrittlement is defined as the inhomogeneous strain field along the future crack path. The local and nominal strain ratio observed along this crack path enables to measure the embrittlement phenomena. In the second part, the structural embrittlement mechanisms are analized from quasi-static experiments undertaken on punched and not punched samples. The embrittlement model is then formalized and a modelling task is carried out for a better understanding of physical basis of this model. The third part is devoted to the development of multiscale tool using a transformation field analysis approach in order to characterize the embrittlement model. The elastic developments have shown the feasibility of the method. The plastic behaviour is then implement in the multiscale model and discussed. Finally, the dependency of the structural model to strain rate is studied using dynamic experiments. Sensitive and insensitive materials are investigated
Nicaise, Grégory. "Sensibilité de l'acier martensitique Z10CDNbV9-1 à la fragilisation par les métaux liquides." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-179.pdf.
Full textBayart, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation multi-échelle d'un assemblage riveté aéronautique, vers un modèle de fragilisation structurale /." Châtillon : ONERA, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40115847x.
Full textOriol, Pierre. "Comportement des aciers à rails vis-à-vis de l'hydrogène : diffusion, perméation et fragilisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0041.
Full textBayart, Anne-Sophie. "Modélisation multi-échelle d un assemblage riveté aéronautique - Vers un modèle de fragilisation structurale." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512558.
Full textHamouche, Zehoua. "Étude de la fragilisation des aciers T91 et 316L par l'eutectique plomb-bismuth liquide." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461665.
Full textNehme, el Amar Eliane. "Libéralisation financière et fragilisation bancaire dans les pays émergents : cas de la crise asiatique." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020035.
Full textTinnes, Jean-Philippe. "Fragilisation et processus anodiques en corrosion sous contrainte : étude des paramètres micro-mécaniques influents." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0021.
Full textWe study the influence of local mechanical parameters on crack propagation in Stress Corrosion Cracking, at the scale of the microstructure. Two systems are compared: the CuAl9Ni3Fe2 copper-aluminium alloy in synthetic sea water under cathodic polarization, where the crack propagation mechanism is related to strain-assisted anodic dissolution, and the 316L austenitic stainless steel in MgCl2 solution, where embrittlement mechanisms related to hydrogen effects prevail. We use micro-notched tensile specimen that allow to study isolated short cracks. These experiments are modelled by means of finite elements calculations, and further characterized by Electron Back scattered Diffraction (EBSD) in the case of the 316L alloy. In terms of the local mechanical parameters that control propagation, fundamental differences are outlined between the two systems. They are discussed from the viewpoint of the available models of Stress Corrosion Cracking
Ravix, Lilian. "Etude par émission acoustique des mécanismes de fragilisation par l'hydrogène des aciers peu alliés." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0085/these.pdf.
Full textHydrogen embrittlement (HE) is observed in H2S containing environments on low alloy steels used for casing application. For a better understanding of this corrosion process, the normalized SSC tensile test (Nace TM 0177-96 Method A) was instrumented by acoustic emission (AE). In the configuration of test, the study of steels with different HE susceptility shows the presence of very emissive AE sources (HIC, FeS), hidding other AE sources (H2, SSC). For Hydrogen Induced Cracking, the monitoring of acoustic energy evidences that crack initiation, induced on segregated zones of the microstructure, is enhanced by stress application. For Sulphide Stress Cracking, statistical treatment of acoustic data allows the localization of the cracks on the specimens about fifty hours before rupture. Cracks associated with SSC mode of degradation initiate on the steel surface and mechanisms associated to their development are linked to hydrogen uptake
Medkouri, Boubker. "La gestion des ressources financières de la firme : entre sécurisation interne et fragilisation externe." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10041.
Full textIacoviello, Francesco. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène de l'acier inoxydable austéno-ferritique Z2CND22 05 : rôle de la microstructure." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0536.
Full textVERPY, CATHERINE. "Effet d'un revêtement de peinture fragile sur la fragilisation au choc d'un polymère ductile." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2337.
Full textTordjeman, Philippe. "Analyse moleculaire de la fragilisation de copolymeres statistiques a base de polymethacrylate de methyle." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066350.
Full textOriol, Pierre. "Comportement des aciers à rails vis-à-vis de l'hydrogène diffusion, perméation et fragilisation /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376085569.
Full textHamouche, Zehoua Guillot Ivan Auger Thierry. "Étude de la fragilisation des aciers T91 et 316L par l'eutectique plomb-bismuth liquide." S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0412718.pdf.
Full textCasanova, Thierry. "Permeation de l'hydrogène à travers l'acier lors de l'électrocristallisation du zinc." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11006.
Full textNajjar, Denis. "Compétition entre les mécanismes de dissolution anodique et de fragilisation par l'hydrogène dans le processus de fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 7150 sollicité en traction lente en milieu chlorure (NaCl 3)." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10098.
Full textLy, Céline. "Caractérisation d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité vis-à-vis de la fragilisation par l'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453616.
Full textLy, Céline. "Caractérisation d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité vis-à-vis de la fragilisation par l’hydrogène." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0004/document.
Full textThe distinctive feature of Very High Strength Steels (VHSS) is to present a good combination of ductility and high strength. This makes them particularly interesting for the automotive industry because of the increasing demand for the reduction of car weight and the improvement of passengers security. However, it is known that increasing mechanical characteristics enhances susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. The aim of this doctoral thesis work is to study the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of four very high strength steels : a DP (Dual Phase), a TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity), a CP (Complex Phase) and BAS, a Cr-V enriched high strength steel. Low alloyed steel with lower mechanical properties, HE (high Elasticity) has been used as a reference. Hydrogen transport characteristics in these steels were investigated thanks to electrochemical permeation tests including charging in acid solution, possibly with the addition of a hydrogenation promoter (arsenic). As already observed on other steels, the absence of stationary entry conditions is to be underlined due to its necessity for the evaluation of diffusion characteristics. Diffusivity at room temperature has appeared to be very high in each of the five steels and a correlation between hydrogen diffusion coefficient and microstructure has been drawn : the finer and the more complex it is, the lower is the apparent diffusion coefficient. Moreover, sub-surface concentrations calculated on the permeation transient in the presence of arsenic have revealed relatively high values for the three steels with the higher mechanical properties (TRIP 800, CP 800 and BAS 100). These values comply with the diffusible hydrogen content measured by thermal desorption technique just after permeation. Otherwise, residual hydrogen dosage tests by thermal desorption under vacuum, have indicated that deep trapping is very low for these steels, even after charging under polarisation and in the presence of arsenic. These results can be explained by fine and homogeneous microstructures that are very well developed with few lattice defects. Ordinary tensile tests have shown the necessity of extreme charging conditions (in the presence of a promoter) for VHS steel embrittlement. With an exception in the case of extreme spontaneaous damages created by HIC (blistering, cracking), embrittlement is imputable to diffusible and weakly trapped hydrogen because deeply trapped hydrogen content is very low. In industrial conditions, during acid pickling while in the presence of inhibitors, permeation, dosage and tensile tests results suggest the absence of embrittlement for the steels. Tested inhibitors seem to act as a physical barrier, by adsorption on the bare steel surface, and limit that way hydrogen absorption and corrosion
Bizouard, Jean-Pierre. "Approche expérimentale de la fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'aciers austénoferritiques en cours de corrosion sous contrainte." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS014.
Full textLy, Céline Jérôme Michel. "Caractérisation d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité vis-à-vis de la fragilisation par l'hydrogène." S. l. : Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://theses.abes.fr/2009ECAP0004.
Full textDa, Silva Craidy Pedro. "Interactions Hydrogène-Microstructure-Propriétés Mécaniques dans les Composants en Acier Inoxydable Super Suplex." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI041.
Full textThe increasing demand for energy requires the exploration of oil and gas at deeper water locations and on more severe conditions. These production systems have demanded the use of forged equipments made of higher strength steel grades, such as austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steels. These components are more prone to exhibit loss of ductility and general mechanical performance caused by hydrogen generated e.g. by cathodic protection. Duplex stainless stainless steels components present a vast history of hydrogen damage at low temperatures, due to hydrogen derived from various sources. Even being this kind of damage fairly recurring, various related information remains to be elucidated, due to the complex interaction of hydrogen with the microstructure and localized character of hydrogen generation and transportation in the material. The present work aims to improve the physical understanding of the interaction between hydrogen and the microstructure as well as the effects of different hydrogen charging procedures on the mechanical properties of forged components made of the super duplex stainless steel grade UNS S32750.The development of such understanding involves the evaluation of the effects of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the material through tensile tests in different hydrogen-rich environments. Based on results of slow-strain rate tensile tests, a quantitative relationship between embrittlement caused by gas hydrogen and cathodic charging is proposed, and possible effects of dislocation-assisted hydrogen transportation and embrittlement are discussed. Quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the hydrogen transportation, including analysis of the effects of different microstructures and diffusion paths, and of its position in the lattice and in the microstructure (hydrogen segregation to traps) are proposed. These descriptions are achieved considering results of different testing techniques: permeation tests, thermal desorption spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy and neutron scattering
Grange, Marjolaine. "Fragilisation du Zircaloy-4 par l'hydrogène : comportement, mécanismes d'endommagement, interaction avec la couche d'oxyde, simulation numérique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005648.
Full textJOUINOT, PATRICE. "Developpements de l'essai de disques sous pression. Applications a la fragilisation par l'hydrogene d'aciers faiblement allies." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066531.
Full textBartier, Olivier. "Effet d'une nitruration par plasma d'ions sur la fragilisation par l'hydrogène d'un acier à haute résistance." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-250.pdf.
Full textGuéraut, Élie. "Ascension et fragilisation d'une petite bourgeoisie culturelle : une enquête ethnographique dans une ville moyenne en déclin." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB156.
Full text"New bourgeoisie" (Bourdieu, 1979), "new middle layers" (Bidou, 1984), "gentrifiers" (Collet, 2015), "bobos" (Brooks, 2000), "progressive bourgeoisie" (Tissot, 2011), etc., for more than forty years now, the learned and ordinary qualifiers which designate the intellectual fractions of the middle and upper classes are not lacking. This abundance is of course linked to the social heterogeneity of these populations, which, captured through different socio-spatial periods and contexts, have little in common but a tendency to accumulate and valorize cultural capital. However, this research focuses their attention on the single case of large urban areas, leaving behind that of small and medium-sized cities (urban units of less than 100,000 inhabitants), which nevertheless provide strong territorial functions and concentrate close to one third of the French population (INSEE, RP 2013). This thesis is based on ethnographic and statistical material collected as part of a long-term localized survey (2010-2018). It questions the reproduction crisis of the "cultural pole" of a declining middle city (Nevers) and thus places the focus on these spaces on the fringes of the large agglomerations and gentrification dynamics that are observed there. Consisting of direct and indirect employees of the decentralized and deconcentrated "left hand of the state", artists, activists and political activists, the cultural center of Nevers knew a significant rise in the 1980s and 1990s, driven by cultural policies. so-called "democratization", the development of the Territorial Public Service, as well as the professionalization of the associative world (chapters 1 and 2). This rise, however, only concerns the generation born in the 1960s, whose members, who became elected socialists, recognized visual artists, directors of associations, cultural institutions and community services, formed in the 2000s a small bourgeoisie cultural heritage. It is opposed to the generations born in the 1970s and 1980s, who, despite the experience of higher education in a large city and their involvement in associative and artistic activities, do not meet the success of "militant reconversions" of their elders (chapters 3 and 4). This weakening of the group, under the combined effects of policies to reduce public spending and dynamics called "metropolisation", is redoubled by the defeat of the Socialists in the municipal elections of 2014, after forty-three years in power, in favor of a new majority composed of elected "without label", UMP and UDI. The decline of the cultural center of Nevers is then due to several factors: crisis of political representation, precariousness and uncertainty at work for the younger generations, threat of the work of appropriation of the public space and certain places of sociability (cafes associations, cultural facilities, etc.). Around this collective downward trajectory, there is a strong tendency towards affinity aggregation and the rejection of social otherness in the sociability behaviors of this group of nter- knowledge. For example, the population growth of the marginalized working class in the city center is commentated with concern and regret, giving rise to particularly acute manifestations of social contempt, which can be seen without any attempt at euphemism or concealment (chapter 6)
Puydebois, Simon. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène en fatigue oligocyclique de l'Inconel 718 issu d’un procédé de fabrication additive (LBM)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI011.
Full textThis study focuses on the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity (HE) under cyclic loading of a nickel based alloy, Inconel 718, manufactured by the additive manufacturing process (AM). This material is used in some components of Ariane cryogenic engines that are manufactured by ArianeGroup. Some of these components are solicited under "hydrogen atmosphere", and the risk of embrittlement is a major problem.The metallurgical states of the Inconel 718 AM alloy have been characterized at different structural scales in order to observe a possible impact of the manufacturing process on the microstructure and discuss the possible consequences on the mechanical behaviour of the alloy underhydrogen pressure. Moreover, a forged alloy has also been studied for comparison.To discuss the mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement in the material, it is first necessary to study the hydrogen behaviour in the material. Electrochemical and gaseous permeation analyses as well as TDS were performed to provide insights into the mechanisms of hydrogen diffusion. Fromthese results, the involvement of grain boundaries in the diffusion mechanisms and the effect of microstructural heterogeneities on the trapping mechanisms in this material have been discussed.On the other hand, the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical behaviour has been investigated under monotonic and cyclic loading in terms of elasto-viscoplastic behaviour, crack initiation process, fatigue crack propagation and toughness. In a first part, the tensile behaviour of the Inconel 718 AMunder hydrogen pressure has been considered. The effects of the loading rate on the mechanisms of embrittlement have been addressed. Moreover, interrupted tensile tests have been carried out to identify the effect of hydrogen on the viscoplastic behaviour and allowing to discuss hydrogen /plasticity interactions.The fatigue behaviour of Inconel 718 AM in the presence of hydrogen gas was investigated by cyclic tests for a 0.1 load ratio (R) under a 300 bar H2 at room temperature. It has been shown that hydrogen leads to a clear decrease of the number of cycles to rupture and to a change in failure mode.The impact of hydrogen has been evaluated on the fatigue crack initiation and propagation stages as well as on the toughness of the material.Finally, all the obtained results allowed a discussion of the hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity of the material, taking into account the hydrogen / plasticity interactions
Delannoy, Romain. "Études expérimentales et théoriques de la thermo-oxydation de réseaux époxy-amines." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022HESAE068.
Full textEpoxy-amine thermosets are often used in civil engineering to protect concrete structures, but they are themselves sensitive to chemical and physical ageing. This thesis is part of the ANR ECLIPS project aiming to characterize ageing and its effects on the mechanical and barrier properties of the materials. Three epoxy-amine networks made from DGEBA and ethylamine hardeners of increasing complexity – DGEBA-EDA, DGEBA-DETA, DGEBA-TETA – were chosen to accurately identify weak spots of the molecular structure. Different techniques were used to characterize multi-scale changes of the network after thermal ageing at different temperatures. At the molecular scale, the predominant formation of amide groups N−C=O was observed while an FTIR signal attributed to N−CH2 groups held by hardener segments was found to disappear with ageing. A complementary theoretical study on the Bond Dissociation Energies (BDE) was carried out using molecules representative of the repetitive pattern of the network. The C−H bond held by the same hardener N−CH2 group was found to be the most sensitive to oxidation as its BDE is the lowest. At the macromolecular scale, a predominant chain scission process was identified with ageing. Two sub-glass relaxations were observed for the DGEBA-DETA network. One associated to the hydroxypropyl ether group −CH2−CH(OH)−CH2− motions whose intensity increases with time. The other one of unknown origin quickly disappearing with ageing. Mechanical properties were characterized and a correlation with oxidation of the structure was established
Smanio-Renaud, Véronique. "Etude des mécanismes de Fragilisation Par l'Hydrogène des aciers non alliés en milieu H2S humide : contribution de l'émission acoustique." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0129/these.pdf.
Full textMany steel equipments used in oil and gas industry are subjected to wet H2S cracking. In order to improve the understanding of this type of cracking, Acoustic Emission (AE) was used for the monitoring of steels exposed to wet H2S. AE related to both most important crackin modes in this media, i. E. , Hydrogen lnduced Cracking (HIC} and Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC), were discriminated from the other AE sources signals (H2 evolution, iron sulfide layer formation). Using this methodology, real-time monitoring of cracking is possible, offering new insights into the kinetics of cracking, and into the impact of several parameters on the different steps of cracking. A better understanding of the different cracking mechanisms is another output of this study. From the comparisons between different steel grades exposed to H2S environments with or without applied load allows, different cracking modes can be clearly distinguished: HIC vs. SWC (Step Wise Cracking), and SSC vs. SOHIC (Stress Oriented Hydrogen lnduced Cracking)