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1
Duindam, David. Fragments of the Holocaust. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986886.
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Why do we attach so much value to sites of Holocaust memory, if all we ever encounter are fragments of a past that can never be fully comprehended? David Duindam examines how the Hollandsche Schouwburg, a former theater in Amsterdam used for the registration and deportation of nearly 50,000 Jews, fell into disrepair after World War II before it became the first Holocaust memorial museum of the Netherlands. Fragments of the Holocaust: The Amsterdam Hollandsche Schouwburg as a Site of Memory combines a detailed historical study of the postwar period of this site with a critical analysis of its contemporary presentation by placing it within international debates concerning memory, emotionally fraught heritage and museum studies. A case is made for the continued importance of the Hollandsche Schouwburg and other comparable sites, arguing that these will remain important in the future as indexical fragments where new generations can engage with the memory of the Holocaust on a personal and affective level.
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Drakulić, Slavenka. Balkan Express: Fragments from the other side of war. London: Hutchinson, 1993.
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3
Drakulić, Slavenka. The Balkan express: Fragments from the other side of war. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1993.
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4
Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art., ed. Hope Sandrow: Fragments : self/history : January 21-April 2, 1995. Winston-Salem, N.C: Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, 1995.
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5
J, Norton Gerard, Hardin Carmen, and Origen, eds. Frederick Field's prolegomena to Origenis hexaplorum quae supersunt, sive veterum interpretum Graecorum in totum Vetus Testamentum fragmenta. Paris: J. Gabalda, 2005.
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6
Mazzoni, Stefania, and Franca Pecchioli, eds. The Uşaklı Höyük Survey Project (2008-2012). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-902-3.
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This book presents the results of the survey conducted by the University of Florence, in the years 2008-2012, at the site and in the surrounding territory of Uşaklı Höyük on the central Anatolian plateau in Turkey. Geological, geomorphological, topographic and geophysical research have provided new information and data relating to the environment and the settlement landscape, as well as producing new maps of the area and indicating the presence of large buried buildings on the site. Analysis of the rich corpus of pottery collected from the surface indicates that the site and its territory were continuously settled from the late Early Bronze Age through the Iron Age and down to the Late Roman and Byzantine periods. A few fragments of cuneiform tablets with Hittite texts, a sealing with two impressions of a stamp seal, and pottery stamps illustrate the importance of Uşaklı Höyük and support the hypothesis of its identification with the town of Zippalanda, known from the Hittite sources as a seat of the cult of the Storm God.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. Population fragmentation causes inadequate gene flow and increases extinction risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0005.
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Most species now have fragmented distributions, often with adverse genetic consequences. The genetic impacts of population fragmentation depend critically upon gene flow among fragments and their effective sizes. Fragmentation with cessation of gene flow is highly harmful in the long term, leading to greater inbreeding, increased loss of genetic diversity, decreased likelihood of evolutionary adaptation and elevated extinction risk, when compared to a single population of the same total size. The consequences of fragmentation with limited gene flow typically lie between those for a large population with random mating and isolated population fragments with no gene flow.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark D. B. Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. Evolutionary genetics of small populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0002.
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Genetic management of fragmented populations involves the application of evolutionary genetic theory and knowledge to alleviate problems due to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in small population fragments. Populations evolve through the effects of mutation, natural selection, chance (genetic drift) and gene flow (migration). Large outbreeding, sexually reproducing populations typically contain substantial genetic diversity, while small populations typically contain reduced levels. Genetic impacts of small population size on inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and population differentiation are determined by the genetically effective population size, which is usually much smaller than the number of individuals.
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Hughes, Jessica. Tiny and Fragmented Votive Offerings from Classical Antiquity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0003.
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This chapter addresses tiny and fragmented votive offerings from the ancient Greco-Roman world. The first half of the chapter surveys different kinds of votive fragmentation, ranging from objects that were physically ruptured before dedication, to conceptually ‘partial’ offerings like tithes and first fruits. I argue that the deliberate or accidental breakage of votives often paradoxically increased the value and meaning of the offering in the eyes of the community and recipient deity. I also introduce the possibility that all votives might be seen as fragments, insofar as they constitute part of a worshiper’s property or converted wealth (an idea inherent in the ancient concepts of dekatē and aparchē). The second half of the chapter then focuses on one particular type of fragmented votive—the model body part. Tiny body parts made in clay and metal began to be dedicated in the Middle Minoan and then the Archaic Greek periods, and continued to appear alongside the life-sized (or near life-sized) anatomical votives that were a feature of later Hellenistic and Roman ritual. I explore some of the possible resonances of these votives’ tiny sizes, emphasizing how far these miniature objects facilitate (or even demand) intimate touch and handling. Finally, I explore the possibility that the miniature votives in Hellenistic and Roman times may have harkened back to the diminutive offerings of earlier periods, thus functioning as symbols of cultural memory, and tiny generators of nostalgia.
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Martin, S. Rebecca, and Stephanie M. Langin-Hooper, eds. The Tiny and the Fragmented. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.001.0001.
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Miniature and fragmentary objects are both remarkably fascinating and easily dismissed. Tiny scale entices users with visions of Lilliputian worlds. The ambiguity of fragments intrigues us, offering vivid reminders of the transitory nature of reality. Yet, the standard scholarly approach to such objects has been to see them as secondary, incomplete things, designed primarily to refer to a complete and often life-sized whole. This volume offers a series of fresh perspectives on the familiar concepts of the tiny and the fragmented, in chapters ranging in focus from Neolithic Europe to Pre-Columbian Honduras to the Classical Mediterranean and Ancient Near East. Diverse in scope, the volume is united in considering the little and broken things of the past as objects in their own right. When a life-sized or whole thing is made in a scaled-down or partial form, deliberately broken as part of its use, or considered successful by ancient users only if it shows some signs of wear, it challenges our expectations of representation and wholeness. Overall, this volume demands a reconsideration of the social and contextual nature of miniaturization, fragmentation, and incompleteness. These were more than just ancient strategies for saving space, time, and resources. Rather, they offered new possibilities of representation, use, and engagement—possibilities unavailable with things that were life size or more conventionally “complete.” It was because of, rather than in spite of, their small or partial state that these objects were valued parts of the personal and social worlds they inhabited.
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Cochran. Hope Sandrow. Fragments: Self/History. Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, 1990.
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12
Drakulic, Slavenka. The Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. Perennial, 1994.
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13
Drakulic, Slavenka. The Balkan Express: Fragments from the Other Side of War. Perennial, 1994.
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14
Svrakic, Dragan M., and Mirjana Divac Jovanovic. The Fragmented Personality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190884574.001.0001.
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This book pioneers a new model of personality disorder primarily intended to serve mental health professionals, those already in practice and equally those in training. In contrast to the static concepts of mental normalcy and pathology, the presented nosology is dynamic (accounts for the reversibility of mental functioning) and personalized, context- and time sensitive. In a 3D diagnostic cylinder, the coordinates cross match the person’s common level of mental functioning (vertical diagnosis) with his or her behavior style (horizontal diagnosis) at a point in space and a unit of time, giving the clinician precise milestones to monitor changes in diagnosis and progress in therapy. The central problem with persons suffering from personality disorder does not rest in their extreme behaviors but rather underneath the surface, in the fragmented substrate of personality (a core deficit sine qua non shared by all individual variants), while extreme behaviors merely represent variable compensatory strategies. Based on this model, mechanism-based treatments are outlined: reconstructive interpersonal psychotherapy (a novel, integrative, transtheoretical approach which relies on psychoanalytic and humanist traditions) and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of neurobiological vulnerabilities associated with excessive temperament traits.
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Ulpianus, Domitius. Quae Vocant Fragmenta: Sive Excerpta Ex Ulpiani Libro Singulari Regularum (Latin Edition). Nabu Press, 2010.
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16
Duindam, David. Fragments of the Holocaust: The Amsterdam Hollandsche Schouwburg As a Site of Memory. Amsterdam University Press, 2018.
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17
Fragments of the Holocaust: The Amsterdam Hollandsche Schouwburg As a Site of Memory. Amsterdam University Press, 2018.
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18
Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.001.0001.
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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This novel and authoritative book addresses the issues involved in genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations, including inbreeding depression, loss of genetic diversity and elevated extinction risk in small isolated populations, augmentation of gene flow, genetic rescue, causes of outbreeding depression and predicting its occurrence, desirability and implementation of genetic translocations to cope with climate change, and defining and diagnosing species for conservation purposes.
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Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, Mark Eldridge, Michele R. Dudash, Charles B. Fenster, Robert C. Lacy, and Paul Sunnucks. A Practical Guide for Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783411.001.0001.
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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic management of fragmented animal and plant populations.
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Plug, Ina. Middle and Later Stone Age hunters and their prey in southern Africa. Edited by Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers, and Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.26.
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Identifications of animal remains from southern African Stone Age sites are complicated by the abundancy of taxa, skeletal differences, a wide variety of habitats, and the fragmented condition of most of the bone samples. Studies in osteomorphology and osteometry are essential. There are regional variations in species sizes combined with changes in bone sizes within and between taxa. Seasonality and animal migrations are demonstrated in the highlands of Lesotho and the semi-arid Karoo. Faunal studies of Sibudu and Bushman Rock Shelter show the contrast between two rock shelters that are geographically separated but overlap in occupation periods.
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Hachtmann, Rüdiger, Franka Maubach, and Markus Roth, eds. Zeitdiagnose im Exil. Wallstein Verlag, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783835345379.
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Wie dachten Zeitgenossen im Exil über den Nationalsozialismus? Der Versuch, den Nationalsozialismus in seiner Gegenwart zu verstehen, hat viele Zeitgenossen umgetrieben - ganz besonders die vom Regime verfolgten Exilanten und Exilantinnen. Noch heute sind einige ihrer Studien zu Gestalt und Geschichte des NS-Regimes einflussreich. Aber nicht alle Gegenwartsbeobachtungen reiften zu fertigen Gedankengebäuden aus, manche blieben Fragment oder gänzlich unbekannt. Der Band nimmt originelle Zeitdiagnosen in den Blick, private und publizierte, literarische und künstlerische, soziologische und historische, die stets beeinflusst waren von den Kontexten, in denen sie entstanden. Sie lieferten ein gegenwartsdiagnostisches Panorama, das zahlreiche Fragen und Perspektiven späterer Forschungen vorwegnahm. Aus dem Inhalt: Jeannette van Laak: »In the Valley of Slaughter«. Der Bilderzyklus Lea Grundigs als Zeitdokument über das Wissen zum Nationalsozialismus. Sabine Kalff: Nationalsozialismus undercover. Maria Leitners Reportagen und ihre Recherchen vor Ort im Reich (1933-1939).
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Roof, Tracy. Interest Groups. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.034.
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This chapter examines the role of interest groups in shaping American social welfare policy. It outlines major theories and findings on interest group influence in American politics and comparative welfare state development and examines the activities and influence of major categories of groups, including business, labor, agriculture, professional associations, intergovernmental organizations, and citizens’ groups. Although many interest groups have helped secure policies that form a limited social safety net, this chapter suggests that the competition among a diverse array of interest groups in a fragmented political system makes policy change difficult. This tendency towards gridlock, which favors the interests of some groups over others, has constrained the size and redistribution of the American welfare state.
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Langin-Hooper, Stephanie M. Stronger at the Broken Places. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0006.
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Hellenistic Babylonian figurines with separately made and attached limbs are not a uniform corpus in terms of their iconography or subject matter, but all leave similar visual traces of fragmentation on an otherwise complete miniature body. Rather than interpreting these visual “breaks” as simply an unfortunate side effect of these figurines’ manufacture, the chapter argues that the appearance of broken places actually enriched these objects’ affect by fixating and intensifying user interest on otherwise overlooked body parts. Strikingly, the artificial poses and hyper-real actions of fragmented figurine limbs all operated in the liminal zones of cultural contestation between Greeks and Babylonians: banqueting, childhood, male and female nudity, and sexual attraction. By depicting some of these most difficult points of cross-cultural contention in the miniature scale (where they were less threatening) and in fragmented form (where they were visually interesting), such figurines offered avenues into cross-cultural dialogue and communication.
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Omerzu, Heike. ‘My Power, Power, You Have Left Me’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814801.003.0009.
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The christology of the Gospel of Peter has been debated ever since the so-called Akhmîm document (PCairo 10759) was discovered in 1886–7. This fragment contains an account of Jesus’ passion and resurrection partly paralleled in the canonical gospels, and it can most likely be identified with the gospel that Serapion, bishop of Antioch, encountered in Rhossus around 200 CE. This essay reconsiders the supposed ‘docetism’ of this text by analysing representations of Jesus’ death on either side of the canonical divide. The starting point is a narrative and intertextual analysis of key features of the Gospel of Peter, including indirect characterization by the use of christological titles, Jesus’ silence during the crucifixion ‘as if he felt no pain’, and his last words at the cross, ‘My power, power, you have forsaken me!’ These features are compared to the canonical gospels and other early Christian traditions on Jesus’ death.
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James, Alison. The Documentary Imagination in Twentieth-Century French Literature. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859680.001.0001.
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This book studies the documentary impulse that plays a central role in twentieth-century French literature. Focusing on nonfiction narratives, it analyzes the use of documents—pieces of textual or visual evidence incorporated into the literary work to relay and interrogate reality. It traces the emergence of an enduring concern with factual reference in texts that engage with current events or the historical archive. Writers idealize the document as a fragment of raw reality, but also reveal its constructed and mediated nature and integrate it as a voice within a larger composition. This ambivalent documentary imagination, present in works by Gide, Breton, Aragon, Yourcenar, Duras, and Modiano (among others), shapes the relationship of literature to visual media, testimonial discourses, and self-representation. Far from turning away from realism in the twentieth century, French literature often turns to the document as a site of both modernist experiment and engagement with the world.
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Verschuur, Gerrit L. Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.001.0001.
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Most scientists now agree that some sixty-five million years ago, an immense comet slammed into the Yucatan, detonating a blast twenty million times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb, punching a hole ten miles deep in the earth. Trillions of tons of rock were vaporized and launched into the atmosphere. For a thousand miles in all directions, vegetation burst into flames. There were tremendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, and a terrible darkness that cut out sunlight for a year, enveloping the planet in freezing cold. Thousands of species of plants and animals were obliterated, including the dinosaurs, some of which may have become extinct in a matter of hours. In Impact, Gerrit L. Verschuur offers an eye-opening look at such catastrophic collisions with our planet. Perhaps more important, he paints an unsettling portrait of the possibility of new collisions with earth, exploring potential threats to our planet and describing what scientists are doing right now to prepare for this awful possibility. Every day something from space hits our planet, Verschuur reveals. In fact, about 10,000 tons of space debris fall to earth every year, mostly in meteoric form. The author recounts spectacular recent sightings, such as over Allende, Mexico, in 1969, when a fireball showered the region with four tons of fragments, and the twenty-six pound meteor that went through the trunk of a red Chevy Malibu in Peekskill, New York, in 1992 (the meteor was subsequently sold for $69,000 and the car itself fetched $10,000). But meteors are not the greatest threat to life on earth, the author points out. The major threats are asteroids and comets. The reader discovers that astronomers have located some 350 NEAs ("Near Earth Asteroids"), objects whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth, the largest of which are 1627 Ivar (6 kilometers wide) and 1580 Betula (8 kilometers). Indeed, we learn that in 1989, a bus-sized asteroid called Asclepius missed our planet by 650,000 kilometers (a mere six hours), and that in 1994 a sixty-foot object passed within 180,000 kilometers, half the distance to the moon. Comets, of course, are even more deadly. Verschuur provides a gripping description of the small comet that exploded in the atmosphere above the Tunguska River valley in Siberia, in 1908, in a blinding flash visible for several thousand miles (every tree within sixty miles of ground zero was flattened). He discusses Comet Swift-Tuttle--"the most dangerous object in the solar system"--a comet far larger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs, due to pass through earth's orbit in the year 2126. And he recounts the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994, as some twenty cometary fragments struck the giant planet over the course of several days, casting titanic plumes out into space (when Fragment G hit, it outshone the planet on the infrared band, and left a dark area at the impact site larger than the Great Red Spot). In addition, the author describes the efforts of Spacewatch and other groups to locate NEAs, and evaluates the idea that comet and asteroid impacts have been an underrated factor in the evolution of life on earth. Astronomer Herbert Howe observed in 1897: "While there are not definite data to reason from, it is believed that an encounter with the nucleus of one of the largest comets is not to be desired." As Verschuur shows in Impact, we now have substantial data with which to support Howe's tongue-in-cheek remark. Whether discussing monumental tsunamis or the innumerable comets in the Solar System, this book will enthrall anyone curious about outer space, remarkable natural phenomenon, or the future of the planet earth.
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Obinger, Herbert, Klaus Petersen, and Peter Starke. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779599.003.0001.
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The Introduction presents the overarching research question of the book, namely the question of whether and how war between nations has influenced the development of advanced welfare states. This question has received only scant attention from the welfare state literature so far. The Introduction reviews the fragmented literature in history and social science with a focus on national narratives and revisionist positions, and argues for a comparative angle which puts the various causal mechanisms linking mass war and welfare state development. These mechanisms are systematized, using a heuristic of supply- vs. demand-side mechanisms and three distinct phases of military conflict: war preparation, mobilization, and the post-war period.
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Kingston, Paul. Playing with Positionality? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190882969.003.0021.
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The chapter outlines how researchers take on different roles and positionalities as they adapt to the field, moving, for instance, from that of an “outsider” laden with externalized theoretical assumptions and having few contacts with and knowledge of the research site to one approaching, to varying degrees, that of a “pseudo-insider.” Indeed, the argument here is that researchers make choices when moving from outsider to insider roles (and between them), contingently adapting their positionality in the hope to better understand the political dynamics that underlie research projects. The setting is post-civil war Lebanon and the research project revolves around an examination of the micropolitics of civil society and associational life in this re-emerging but fragmented polity.
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Nisenbaum, Karin. The Star of Redemption as a System of Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680640.003.0007.
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This chapter explains why Schelling and Rosenzweig hold that the representation of God by finite human beings is a topic of practical philosophy. Like Schelling’s Philosophical Investigations into the Essence of Human Freedom and his Ages of the World fragments, Rosenzweig’s Star of Redemption is motivated by an attempt to provide an explanation for the existence of the finite world, for the condition that brings about the relation between subject and object that characterizes all states of human consciousness. The system that Rosenzweig develops in the Star invites us to consider our commitments, the values that we ascribe to ourselves when we form maxims for action, as the means through which abstract concepts of the good are cognized. On Rosenzweig’s view, our commitments are the site of reason’s revelation; for this reason, God is both cognized and realized through human action in the world.
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Moralee, Jason. The Capitol and the Legends of the Saints. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492274.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 examines how dozens of martyr acts composed beginning in the fifth century turned the Capitol into a site of Christian resistance. In these pious fictions, rejection of a fantasy Capitol created a new heritage for the hill. The Capitol was reconstructed out of the “living textuality” of the hill, fragments of inscriptions, and the ubiquitous presence of ruins. Unmoored from the traditional ways of remembering the hill established in the late republic, the Capitol came to play a new role in a distinctly Christian history of a pagan Roman empire. These martyr acts elaborated new ways of knowing the hill and the city of Rome that had almost nothing to do with the classical past. Here, Roman traditions about Christian heroes made the Capitol emblematic of the Roman Empire itself, a symbol of awesome worldly power that could be dramatically neutralized by a battalion of Roman saints.
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Powell, Roger A., Aaron N. Facka, Mourad W. Gabriel, Jonathan H. Gilbert, J. Mark Higley, Scott D. LaPoint, Nicholas P. McCann, Wayne Spencer, and Craig M. Thompson. The fisher as a model organism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0011.
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The literature on fishers - medium-sized, North American carnivores - is broad, despite being limited, and traditional ecological knowledge of Native Americans contributes to our understanding of fishers. Fishers are generalist predators but also specialized predators of North American porcupines. Over trapping, habitat loss and climate change reduced fisher populations after European colonization of North America. Protection and reintroductions led to general but not to universal population recovery, contributing to the understanding of reintroduction science, including population genetics of both rare and expanding populations. Although adapted to live in old forests with complex structure, some fishers have colonized fragmented habitats, including suburbs. Models of fisher habitat, energetics, sexual dimorphism, genetics, and use of space illustrate the diversity of approaches possible for carnivore studies. Thus, the fisher has become a model organism for ecological and conservation research on mammalian carnivores.
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Joyce, Rosemary A. Breaking Bodies and Biographies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0002.
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Figurines made in Honduras between 900 and 400 BCE established connections among persons through fragmentation, partibility, and enchainment. These figurines were made in two distinct sizes, both miniaturized. Their miniaturization requires concentrated attention to worked surfaces that reveal, on close examination, fine detail, requiring handling and rotation. Larger figurines are rarely recovered intact, often forming assemblages of heads or bodies that imply the dispersal of a partible body. Smaller figurines pierced for suspension as pendants normally are completely intact. They differ in their range of subjects, including both animals and the human subjects typical of the larger figurines. The small figurine pendants were likely to have been objects worn as part of costume. They thus can also be seen as fragmented, separated from the human bodies of which they once formed prosthetic extensions. Together, the larger and smaller figurines create social relations through their miniaturization, focusing attention, and partibility, creating connections.
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Root, Margaret Cool. A Response. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614812.003.0009.
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This chapter is a reflection upon the theoretical explorations of the powers of miniature things and fragmented things that form the core of this volume. In response, the author offers an interpretive analysis of imbricated agencies of scales, spaces, representations, and objects in one particular social landscape of the ancient Near East: Persepolis. This was the heartland capital of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in southwest Iran, founded by Darius I “the Great.” In this chapter, the author explores how scale works at the site writ large, placing its majestic official buildings embellished with sculpture in dialogue with the tiny seals worn, held, used, and admired by people operating within these built spaces and out into the imperial environs of the capital’s ex-urbs and beyond. Discursive modes of seal application as revealed by sealing practices on the Persepolis Fortification tablets (PFT) add the complication of (re-) creative fragmentation to the static entity that is a seal image carved into stone.
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Mertens, Daniel, Matthias Thiemann, and Peter Volberding, eds. The Reinvention of Development Banking in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859703.001.0001.
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National development banks (NDBs) have transformed from outdated relics of national industrial policy to central pillars of the European Union’s economic project. This trend, which accelerated after the Financial Crisis of 2007, has led to a proliferation of NDBs with an expanded size and scope. However, it is surprising that the EU—which has championed market-oriented governance and strict competition policy—has actually advocated an expansion of NDBs. This book therefore asks, why has the EU supported an increased role for NDBs, and how can we understand the dynamics between NDBs and European incentives and constraints? In order to answer these questions, this book analyzes the formation and evolution of a field of development banking within the EU. We identify a new field around an innovative conceptualization of state-backed financing for the purposes of policy implementation. However, rather than focusing solely on national development banks, we instead broaden the focus to the entire ecosystem of the field of development banking, which includes political institutions (both in Brussels and in the Member States), financing vehicles (such as the Juncker Plan), regulatory bodies (DG Competition, DG ECFIN), and commercial actors. Seven in-depth case studies on European NDBs, along with three chapters on European-level actors, detail this field of development banking, and answer the questions of when, where, and how development banking occurs within the EU. We conclude that the EU has supported the expansion of NDBs as a means to support a European-wide industrial policy without creating new financial obligations, and that the European dynamics have differentially impacted Member States’ NDBs leading to a fragmented and asymmetrical field.
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Teece, David J., and Sohvi Heaton, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Dynamic Capabilities. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199678914.001.0001.
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This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs. In order to make quality strategic decisions, managers need a deep understanding of industry dynamics and enterprise capabilities. In this book, we present a conceptual framework that will help executives lead their organizations in highly competitive global markets. For some, it will change frames of reference and accepted priorities in terms of what’s important for the enterprise to build, own, and manage. Management theory is young and fragmented, and generally not much of a guide for executives, except around certain narrow issues. The framework presented in this volume can be helpful with the big-picture issues. To be useful, a theoretical framework must be flexible enough to provide guidance in a variety of situations. However, the theory must not be so general that it fails to speak to practical management problems. Another useful attribute is parsimony, so that an overwhelming number of variables don’t render analysis an impossible task. This book includes a number of essays about the Dynamic Capabilities Framework (Teece et al., 1990, 1997; Teece, 2007), which increasingly provides an intellectual infrastructure for both theoretical and applied analyses of strategic management and other issues facing business decision makers. Since 2006, articles concerning dynamic capabilities have been published in business and management journals at a rate of more than 100 per year (Di Stefano et al., 2010). And an increasing number of these articles contain new empirical research validating the Dynamic Capabilities approach to competitive advantage. A broad panoply of scholars and executives are contributing to the further development of this framework. This book summarizes and integrates many of these contributions, and this introduction will introduce some of the major themes of the chapters that follow.
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Trieloff, Mario. Noble Gases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.30.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Although the second most abundant element in the cosmos is helium, noble gases are also called rare gases. The reason is that they are not abundant on terrestrial planets like our Earth, which is characterized by orders of magnitude depletion of—particularly light—noble gases when compared to the cosmic element abundance pattern. Indeed, such geochemical depletion and enrichment processes make noble gases so versatile concerning planetary formation and evolution: When our solar system formed, the first small grains started to adsorb small amounts of noble gases from the protosolar nebula, resulting in depletion of light He and Ne when compared to heavy noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe: the so-called planetary type abundance pattern. Subsequent flash heating of the first small mm to cm-sized objects (chondrules and calcium, aluminum rich inclusions) resulted in further depletion, as well as heating—and occasionally differentiation—on small planetesimals, which were precursors of larger planets and which we still find in the asteroid belt today from where we get rocky fragments in form of meteorites. In most primitive meteorites, we even can find tiny rare grains that are older than our solar system and condensed billions of years ago in circumstellar atmospheres of, for example, red giant stars. These grains are characterized by nucleosynthetic anomalies and particularly identified by noble gases, for example, so-called s-process xenon.While planetesimals acquired a depleted noble gas component strongly fractionated in favor of heavy noble gases, the sun and also gas giants like Jupiter attracted a much larger amount of gas from the protosolar nebula by gravitational capture. This resulted in a cosmic or “solar type” abundance pattern, containing the full complement of light noble gases. Contrary to Jupiter or the sun, terrestrial planets accreted from planetesimals with only minor contributions from the protosolar nebula, which explains their high degree of depletion and basically “planetary” elemental abundance pattern. Indeed this depletion enables another tool to be applied in noble gas geo- and cosmochemistry: ingrowth of radiogenic nuclides. Due to heavy depletion of primordial nuclides like 36Ar and 130Xe, radiogenic ingrowth of 40Ar by 40K decay, 129Xe by 129I decay, or fission Xe from 238U or 244Pu decay are precisely measurable, and allow insight in the chronology of fractionation of lithophile parent nuclides and atmophile noble gas daughters, mainly caused by mantle degassing and formation of the atmosphere.Already the dominance of 40Ar in the terrestrial atmosphere allowed C. F v. Weizsäcker to conclude that most of the terrestrial atmosphere originated by degassing of the solid Earth, which is an ongoing process today at mid ocean ridges, where primordial helium leaves the lithosphere for the first time. Mantle degassing was much more massive in the past; in fact, most of the terrestrial atmosphere formed during the first 100 million years of Earth´s history, and was completed at about the same time when the terrestrial core formed and accretion was terminated by a giant impact that also formed our moon. However, before that time, somehow also tiny amounts of solar noble gases managed to find their way into the mantle, presumably by solar wind irradiation of small planetesimals or dust accreting to Earth. While the moon-forming impact likely dissipated the primordial atmosphere, today´s atmosphere originated by mantle degassing and a late veneer with asteroidal and possibly cometary contributions. As other atmophile elements behave similar to noble gases, they also trace the origin of major volatiles on Earth, for example, water, nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon.