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Ek, Isabella. "Fragment." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6779.
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Garrigues, Pierre. "Poétiques du fragment." Lille : A.N.R.T. Université de Lille III, 1994. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/19664.
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Dyantyi, Mbongisi Orlean. "A bone fragment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015677.
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This novella presents three characters, each occupying a different sphere of reality. One is a ‘living dead’ who is forced to return to the land of the living for his continued existence. The other is a young woman who, having lost the will to live, must find a purpose if she is to continue living. The third is a young man who dwells more in the inner than the external world. Their lives intersect through the scripture known as ‘a fragment of a bone.’
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Giancola, Donna M. "Parmenides: fragment three." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/37150.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>The purpose of this thesis is to understand and evaluate, in the context of his monism, the meaning and implications of Fragment Three of Parmenides' poem. This fragment, itself incomplete, reads as follows:
... tò γáp αùtò voεîV εótiv tε Kαi εîvαi
Which can be translated as:
. . . for this is the same, to think and to be
There is no disagreement that in Fragment Three Parmenides is in some way relating voεîv ("thinking") to εîvαi ("being"). The primary, but not the only problem which it poses is this: in the identification between thinking and being, are these words a mere statement that being is intelligible, or are they an assertion that Being is intelligent? Most modern commentators side with the former interpretation which accords with the view that reality/being is ultimately objective and impersonal. To maintain this position they are forced to construe the active infinitive voεîv as passive in meaning, with the further corollary that this verb-form implies mere possibility. The first proponent of this interpretation, Eduard Zeller, provided no justification for it. Post factum attempts by John Brunet and Uvo Holsher to provide the needed justification have proven to be groundless. The linguistic and literary evidence points overwhelmingly to the active meaning. Further, the prima facie interpretation of the parallel texts within the poem, as well as all the extant ancient testimonia (Clement of Alexandria, Plotinus, Proclus) support the active meaning.
This thesis differs, then, from those interpretations which assume that Fragment Three distinguishes (thinking) subject from (inanimate) object; as well as from the view adopted by Heidegger that it means merely that being is the only possible object of knowledge. The conclusion of this thesis is that for Parmenides "to think" is identical with "to be" absolutely, that Being is not only one, but is alive and the center of consciousness, i.e. is Mind. Hence the fundamental question which Parmenides' poem answers is not "What is being?" but rather, "What is the way to the One-Who-Is?"<br>2031-01-01
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Craan, Tobias Friedrich [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Klebe. "Fragment based Drug Discovery : Design and Validation of a Fragment Library ; Computer-based Fragment Screening and Fragment-to-Lead Expansion / Tobias Friedrich Craan. Betreuer: Gerhard Klebe." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013288807/34.
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Baddeley, Kate. "Ortholactone spiroketal fragment coupling." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.725334.
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A divergent synthesis of spiroketals has been developed via the coupling of ortholactone and allylsilane fragments. This work expands upon earlier efforts into an intramolecular silyl modified sakurai reaction reported by Marko et al. The route provides a simple approach towards the divergent synthesis of complex structures which could be used in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. The scope of this reaction has been amplified by the development of a novel methodology towards the synthesis of ortholactones via an oxidative catalytic nucleopalladation system which has allowed for the synthesis of a vast range of synthetically useful and highly functionalised ortholactones from readily accessible dihydropyran building blocks. The utility of these highly functionalised ortholactones is also demonstrated in a stereoselective rearrangement to form a substantial number of gamma-lactone structures, which are a common motif in a wide variety of natural products.
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Bright, Kerrin John. "Fragment-based hit discovery." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516627.
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Tanguay-Conlon, Kevin James. "A fragment of life." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303331570.
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Selander, Josefin. "Fragment från ett förortslandskap." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7780.
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Genom landskapsmåleriet sätt att observera och måla av har jag tolkat platsen Hallonbergen i bild. Utifrån bilderna har vävar och tredimensionella objekt vuxit fram. Mina skulpturer och tavlor pratar om mötet mellan naturens rörliga former och det mänskligt byggda statiska formerna. I Hallonbergen känns detta möte som extra hårt pågrund av husens raka blockiga uppbyggnad. Mina skulpturer och tavlor är miniatyrer av intryck jag fått av området.
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Ingvarsson, Sunniva. "Fem fragment om måleri." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7710.
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This bachelor essay presents some aspects of Sunniva Ingvarssons painting process. Comparing the painterly act with writing (about the field of her practice) the text aims to grasp some outlooks on the use of words or verbal contentmaking connected to a nearly nonverbal expression. The painted gestures and markmakings are being discussed as meaningless in a meaningful way, arguing whether the parameters of the established should be taken in consideration in the artistic research, or not. Based on subjective experiences and some readings including Susan Sontag, Judith Butler (and Friedrich Schlegel) there is an aim to make the reader understand the eventual importance of the un-validated thoughts art possibly can consist of, with permission of only the artist.
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Valuskova, Najib Malin. "Fragments of forgotten spaces." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229860.
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This thesis takes its starting point in four Stockholm locations; a self-service laundromat, a residential townhouse, a pedestrian tunnel and a public bath. They have emerged during different times but are brought together by their habitual and mundane character. They possess qualities that may not be seen at first glance, but becomes visible at a second or third viewing. The aim for this thesis has been to find what lies slightly out of sight – hidden yet visible. Through several steps of translations and fragmentation new scenarios have emerged.
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Nawsheen, Sabia. "Evaluation of Fragment-Based Virtual Screening by Applying Docking on Fragments obtained from Optimized Ligands." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för läkemedelskemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446388.
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Fragment-based virtual screening is an in-silico method that potentially identifies new startingpoints for drug molecules and provides an inexpensive and fast exploration of the relevantchemical space compared to its experimental counterpart. It focuses on docking small potentialbinding fragments to a binding pocket and is used to design improved binders by growing thefragments or joining fragments using suitable linkers. In this project, a fragment-based virtualscreening was evaluated by docking 21 fragments that are obtained from 4 different drugs. Here,the fragments were evaluated using SP score in place and SP and XP flexible docking methodsand were compared to the results of the two decoy fragment datasets. Three of the investigatedfragments are positioned at the top and docked with the correct poses and pockets when comparedto the corresponding substructure in the crystal structure and thus could be considered a successfulfragment starting points. Out of the two flexible docking methods used, the SP method providedadditional correct poses and pockets than XP in this limited dataset.
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Turcot, Karine. "LE FRAGMENT ANIMAL, VIE ET MORT. Ou La quête identitaire et le fragment animal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27102/27102.pdf.
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Sedlak, Michal. "Comparative Study of Fragment Geometries." Thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103798.
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Fragments from explosive device have been and still are a great threat, but has now changed into terrorist attacks involving IED (Improvised Explosive Devise) rather than hostile forces. This master thesis will show the effects on concrete plates (50 mm depth) impacted by different projectiles, which should replicate fragments hitting buildings. The projectiles used were the 8 mm sphere, the 6 mm sphere, the 8 mm cylinder (RCC) and the FSP (fragment simulating projectile). The thesis was made at request from FOI (Swedish Research Defiance Agency) at Grindsjön and it contains both experiments made there and numerical simulations. The experiments were conducted at Grindsjön, the projectile were fired in velocities between 800 m/s and 1600 m/s. The 8 mm and RCC obtains higher penetration depth at lower velocity, while the FSP, due to its soft material, will need much higher velocity. Full penetration was obtained at 1510 m/s for the 6 mm sphere, 1310 m/s for the 8 mm sphere and 950 m/s for the RCC. The simulations were made in LS-DYNA using a meshfree solver (SPH) and the results shows that the RCC creates a bigger initial elastic wave, which will make the concrete block crack more, but it will also make the projectile lose more kinetic energy resulting in lower penetration depth in the concrete. The spherical projectiles have higher penetration depth, but it gives smaller elastic waves resulting in less cracking of the concrete. The simulations overestimate the penetration depth for the non-flat projectiles while giving good agreements for the flat projectiles, also the damage pattern are consistent with the experiments. An actual fragment from a grenade was obtained and simulated showing that all of the projectile except the RCC shows good agreements and therefore the RCC should not be used in simulating fragments.
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Bolduc, Alexandra. "Cioran et l'écriture du fragment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64133.pdf.
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Bolduc, Alexandra. "Cioran et l'écriture du fragment." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30151.
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In this thesis, we will try to approach Cioran's work using the fragmentary theory. The different types of fragments (anecdotes, maxims, aphorisms, bio-moments, short essays...) that constitute Cioran's work and that mark its variations, appear to result from sloughing (multiple passages and displacement), so that the one who "sloughes" is never the same but does not fundamentally change.<br>In this perspective, the writing of the fragment may not be a deficiency, a collapsing or a fetichism of the part, but rather a matter of instinct, of experimentation that (re)totalizes as it is been written...like a victory over time and death, like a moment of eternity, like a fragment-trophy.
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Choudhury, Surajit. "A fragment based program editor /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65502.
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Hook, D. E. "Fission fragment gamma-ray multiplicities." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378328.
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SILVA, SUELI RIOS E. "LUMINANCES: EXPERIMENTATION WITH THE FRAGMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34069@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>Este trabalho é configurado com percepções artísticas e reflexões teóricas pautadas pela equidade. Fragmentos, diálogos, cenas breves, contos mínimos engendrados especialmente para a presente composição, em intercâmbio constante com considerações sobre elementos de cunho prático teórico. A construção ficcional e a elaboração do pensamento, registrando uma leitura autocrítica do trabalho assim composto, trazem à tona a correspondência entre a função da ficção artística e a da filosofia na construção do saber.<br>This work is configured with artistic perceptions and theoretical reflections guided by equity. Fragments, dialogues, short scenes, minimal stories generated especially for the present composition in constant exchange with considerations on practical-theoretical elements. The fictional construction and the elaboration of the thought, marking a self-critical reading of the work thus composed, bring to light the correspondence between the function of artistic fiction and that of philosophy in the construction of knowledge.
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Reinato, Pedro Martins. "A própria forma do bárbaro domínio: elementos da composição poética em \'O Guesa\', de Sousândrade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8149/tde-30072008-093222/.
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O presente trabalho busca analisar alguns elementos estéticos presentes na criação da obra O Guesa, do poeta maranhense Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, mais conhecido como Sousândrade. Procura-se demonstrar que a forma de sua poesia não consiste apenas em um capricho da subjetividade romântica, carente de programa estético definido. A partir da liberdade das formas conquistada no romantismo, o poeta demonstra lucidez em sua criação poética, utilizando a \"reflexão\", a \"imaginação\" e a \"fragmentação\" para criar uma forma de objetivação homóloga à natureza selvagem da lenda do muísca do Guesa. Além disso, tal forma poética estabelece-se como meio de expressão de seus conflitos internos e da sua visão acerca dos conflitos sociais de sua época.<br>This paper seeks examine some of the aesthetic elements present in the creation of O Guesa, of maranhense poet Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, better known as Sousândrade. Looking up show that the form of his poetry not just in a romantic whim of subjectivity, lacking in aesthetic programme defined. From the freedom of forms conquered in romanticism, the poet demonstrates clarity in his poetic creation, using the \"reflection\", the \"imagination\" and the \"fragmentation\" to create a form of objetivation counterpart to the wild nature of the muísca legend of Guesa. Moreover, such a poetic establishes itself as a means of expression of their internal conflicts and their vision about the social conflicts of his time.
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Fomichev, A. S., S. I. Ivanovsky, H. Homeyer, Solomon Dshemuchadse, S. Heinitz, K. Heidel, L. Dietterle, et al. "The 4 pi - fragment - spectrometer FOBOS." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-31143.
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The 4 π - fragment - spectrometer FOBOS developed for heavy-ion research at beam energies of 10 - 100 AMeV has been commissioned for physical experiments at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Based on the logarithmic detector principle, it is able to register charged fragments from Protons up to heavy residual nuclei in a large dynamical range. Position-sensitive avalanche counters, axial ionization chambers and CsI(TI) scintillation detectors are arranged in three concentric detector shells. An array of phoswich detectors is used as a more granular forward detector at narrow polar angles. The modular concept of FOBOS allows for different experimental application in the field of exclusive fragment spectroscopy at medium multiplicities. For illustration the fragment spectroscopy studies concerning the spontaneous fission process and the fragmentation of hot nuclei by means of the FOBOS set-up are considered.
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Nicoll-Griffith, Deborah Anne. "The synthesis of an ionomycin fragment." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27174.
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This thesis concerns studies directed towards the synthesis of the polyether antibiotic ionomycin (1). Specifically, the aims were to prepare optically active fragments A and B, corresponding to C-l to C-9 and to C-10 to C-15 of ionomycin, and to couple these intermediates.
A model study was conducted to develop chemistry central to the synthesis of fragment A from methyl α-D-glucopyranoside (73). A Wadsworth-Emmons cyclization of the phosphonate aldehyde 69 furnished α,β-unsaturated lactone 70, the second reported urono-8,4-lactone. A stereoselective conjugate addition with the higher order mixed organo-cuprate, Me₂Cu(CN)Li₂, yielded as the major product, lactone 82 with an axial methyl group at C-6. The minor product of the cuprate reaction, lactone 83 with an equatorial methyl group at C-6, was also prepared via a separate route.
The synthesis of the fragment A precursor for ionomycin involved the introduction of three pendent methyl groups at positions C-2, C-4, and C-6 on the D-glucose frame work. Notably, the C-6 methyl group was introduced by a highly stereoselective conjugate addition analogous to the model study. Thus, the cuprate, Me₂Cu(CN)Li₂, added to α,β -unsaturated lactone 110 to yield lactone 112 as the sole reaction product. The lactone ring was then opened to allow the stereoselective introduction of the methyl group at C-4 after which the pyranoside ring was opened. Subsequent synthetic manipulations yielded the optically active fragment A precursor 138.
Fragment B was prepared from meso-2,4-dimethylglutaric anhydride (5). An intermediate, acid ester 6, was resolved and was then modified to yield the optically active mixture of epimeric epoxides 15.
The fragment A precursor 138 and the fragment B mixture 15 were coupled to yield the epimeric mixture of β-hydroxy ketones 140 which contains C-2 to C-15 of ionomycin.[See Thesis for Diagrams]<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Chemistry, Department of<br>Graduate
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Almer, Johan. "Almqvists Strountes – ett fragment med kommentar." Uppsala : Svenska Litteratursällskapet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200729.
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Trudel, Eric. "Edmond Jabès et l'écriture du fragment." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23740.
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The writings of Edmond Jabes pose a formidable task to their reader. Their irrecoverable strangeness, which makes their categorization difficult, is at once frightening and seductive. This is particularly true of those works associated with what one might describe as the author's "second manner", inaugurated by Le Livre des Questions. This thesis attempts to re-read the works of Jabes (in particular Le Livre des Ressemblances) from the standpoint of the fragment, presupposing that this form is not simply an effect secondary to a particular literary conception, but that it becomes the essence of Jabes' poetics, its very organizing principle. The works of Jabes then appear in a new light, as an everchanging locus of thoroughfares, telling of the impossibility of the Book, of the author, and of literature itself.
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Herbert, Alex David. "Protein structure predictin using fragment libraries." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497271.
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Fomichev, A. S., S. I. Ivanovsky, H. Homeyer, Solomon Dshemuchadse, S. Heinitz, K. Heidel, L. Dietterle, et al. "The 4 pi - fragment - spectrometer FOBOS." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1997. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21941.
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The 4 π - fragment - spectrometer FOBOS developed for heavy-ion research at beam energies of 10 - 100 AMeV has been commissioned for physical experiments at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Based on the logarithmic detector principle, it is able to register charged fragments from Protons up to heavy residual nuclei in a large dynamical range. Position-sensitive avalanche counters, axial ionization chambers and CsI(TI) scintillation detectors are arranged in three concentric detector shells. An array of phoswich detectors is used as a more granular forward detector at narrow polar angles. The modular concept of FOBOS allows for different experimental application in the field of exclusive fragment spectroscopy at medium multiplicities. For illustration the fragment spectroscopy studies concerning the spontaneous fission process and the fragmentation of hot nuclei by means of the FOBOS set-up are considered.
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Collot, Jérémy. ""Pour une lecture du fragment moderne"." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20023.
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« Quel sens cela peut-il avoir d'appeler« fragment» un texte qui n'a connu aucun autre état que celui dans lequel il nous est donné à lire? Ce terme est-il encore adapté à décrire des textes qui, depuis les romantiques allemands, ont été intentionnellement écrits comme tels? Et que dire des textes modernes qui ne font plus référence à aucune totalité (comme l'Oeuvre, la Littérature, la Poésie ou le Système) ? N'y a-t-il pas un moyen d'adapter la notion de fragment à cette modernité autrement qu'en essayant de combler cette distance entre accidentel et intentionnel ou en se réfugiant dans une vision d'une écriture de l'indicible? Quelle autre voie peut-on parcourir sinon l'expérience toujours contemporaine que constitue la lecture que je fais du fragment? Dire d'un texte qu'il est un fragment, n'est-ce pas finalement décrire une relation particulière, plastique, que le lecteur entretient avec lui et qui mobilise des éléments aussi différents que sa résistance formelle, sa capacité à constituer un événement ou l'appel à sa complémentarisation qu'il adresse au lecteur? Comment, dès lors, la théorie littéraire peut-elle essayer de modéliser cette fréquentation singulière de manière ne pas se contenter de la décrire mais au contraire pour qu'il résulte de cette réflexion une intensification de la lecture? »<br>«How can this be termed a 'fragment', a text that has known no other state than the one in which it is available to read ? Is this term still adapted to describe texts which, since German Romanticism, have been purposefully produced in a fragmentary manner ? And what about contemporary texts which do not refer to a totality anymore (like the Work, Literature, Poetry or a System) ? Is there not a means of adapting the notion of fragment to this modernity other than by trying to fill in the gap between the unintentional and the intentional or by taking refuge in a vision of a writing of the inexpressible. What other path can we take but that of the experience, always contemporary, that the reading of fragment constitutes? To argue that a text is a fragment is to describe a particular, plastic relationship in which readers mobilize elements as different as the formal resistance of a fragment, its capacity to be eventful or its appeal for being completed. How, therefore, can a literary theory attempt to model this singular acquaintance beyond the description so that the theory allows readers to read more, to intensify their reading ? »
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Beauvieux, Marie-Noëlle. "Akutagawa Ryūnosuke : une écriture du fragment." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3047.
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L’écriture fragmentaire est le lieu d’un flou théorique. Elle est tout d’abord le fruit d’une appréhension intuitive, pragmatique : est fragmentaire tout texte perçu comme tel. D’Héraclite aux surréalistes en passant par Montaigne ou les frères Schlegel, l’écriture fragmentaire est protéiforme. Cependant, dans le champ de la théorie littéraire française, elle n’est généralement envisagée que dans son versant aphoristique et définie à partir d’un corpus composé de textes au statut littéraire à la limite d’un autre champ disciplinaire (la critique, la philosophie), majoritairement en langues occidentales, relevant d’une énonciation sérieuse et factuelle dont la fragmentation relève d’une démarche consciente de pensée et d’écriture. Cette thèse a ainsi pour objectif de montrer, à travers le cas particulier de la poétique singulière du fragment chez Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, l’existence d’un fragment non purement factuel, provenant d’une aire culturelle non occidentale, qui s’inscrit plus largement dans cette écriture de la crise qu’est le fragment moderne selon Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos. Les textes d’Akutagawa qui font l’objet de cette étude sont de nature variée : narratifs, autobiographiques, factuels, fictionnels, aphoristiques ou encore poétiques, ils relèvent néanmoins d’une même esthétique fragmentaire. En confrontant ces textes d’un écrivain japonais du début du XXe siècle aux réflexions théoriques tant japonaises que françaises sur les écritures brèves discontinues, nous tentons de redéfinir les contours d’une écriture fragmentaire littéraire tout en proposant une nouvelle grille de lecture pour des textes divers pour lesquels la catégorisation générique est souvent problématique. Le fragment chez Akutagawa s’articulerait ainsi autour de deux pôles : un brouillage du cadre générique dans lequel s’inscrit le texte, ainsi qu’une énonciation ironique, souvent secondée par un usage prégnant de l’intertextualité<br>Fragmentary writing is difficult to define. It is, first of all, the result of a pragmatic, intuitive understanding: a text is called fragmentary when it is perceived as such. From Heraclitus, Montaigne, the Schlegel brothers to the surrealists, fragmentary writing takes many forms. However, in French literary theory, it is often limited to aphoristic texts. Its corpus is made of literary texts mostly written in European languages, which could also belong to another field (like critic or philosophy), which are non-fictional, and where fragmentation is a conscious, voluntary process of thinking and writing.This thesis aims to show, through the concrete example of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke’s poetics of fragmentary writing, the existence of a fragment outside the fiction / non-fiction dichotomy, from a non-western cultural area, which belongs to the modern fragment as crisis literature defined by Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos.In this thesis, we look at various texts written by Akutagawa. Be they narrative, fictional, non-fictional, autobiographical, poetic or aphoristic: all these texts have a common fragmentary aesthetic, despite their diversity. By reading these texts written by a Japanese writer who lived at the beginning of the 20th century under the light of Japanese and French critical works on short and discontinuous writings, we are trying to redefine the outline of a literary fragmentary writing while suggesting a new way of reading them beyond the very different generic categories they are usually thought to belong to. Accordingly, two features could describe Akutagawa’s fragmentary writing: a problematical generic categorization deliberately constructed in the texts, and an ironic voice, which is often accompanied by intertextuality. This thesis aims to show, through the concrete example of Akutagawa Ryūnosuke’s poetics of fragmentary writing, the existence of a fragment outside of the fiction / non-fiction dichotomy, from a non-western cultural area, which belongs to the modern fragment as crisis literature defined by Françoise Susini-Anastopoulos.In this thesis, we look at various texts written by Akutagawa. Narrative, fictional, non-fictional, autobiographical, poetic, aphoristic: all the texts have, despite their diversity, a common fragmentary aesthetic. By reading these texts, written by a Japanese writer who lived at the beginning of the 20th century, under the light of Japanese and French critical works on short and discontinuous writings, we are trying to redefine the outline of a literary fragmentary writing while suggesting a new way of reading problematical texts in terms of literary genre. Accordingly, two features could describe Akutagawa’s fragmentary writing: a problematical generic categorization deliberately constructed in the text and an ironic voice, which is often accompanied by a prominent intertextuality
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Smith, Kevin J. "Computational approaches to fragment based screening." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/17574/.
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Polarization is an often - neglected term in molecular modelling, and this is particularly the case in docking. However, the growing interest in fragment - based drug design, coupled with the small size of fragments that makes them amenable to quantum mechanical treatment, has created new opportunities for including polarization, anisotropic electrostatics and realistic repulsion potentials in docking. We have shown that polarization implemented as induced charges can offer in the region of a 10-15% improvement in native docking results, as judged by the percentage of poses within a rather tight threshold of 0.5 or 1.0 Å, where accurate prediction of binding interactions, are more likely. This is a significant improvement given the quality of current commercial docking programs (such as Glide use d here). This improvement is most apparent when the correct pose is known a priori, so that the extent of polarization is correctly modelled, and scoring is based on force - fields that do not scale the electrostatics. The introduction of specific active - sit e water molecules was shown to have a far greater effect than the polarization, probably because of the introduction of 3 additional full charges, rather than introduction of smaller charge perturbations. With active site waters , polarization is more likely to improve the docking when the water molecule is carefully orientated using quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods. The placement of such water molecules is a matter of great current interest; we have shown that the water molecule can be placed with some degree of reliability simply by docking with the ligand present, provided that the water makes good hydrogen bonding interactions (these are the very conditions under which it is desirable to include the specific active-site water). Anisotropic electrostatics and exponential repulsion for rigid fragments was investigated using Orient and compared to QM/MM methods, all methods merited further research. The general hierarchy is that native docking using Glide (with polarization) > QM/MM (with MM polarization)> Orient-based methods. Thus, we expanded the Glide (with polarization) dataset to include more realistic crossdocking experiments on over 5000 structures. RMSD analysis resulted in many examples of clear improvement for including polarization.
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Ostermann, Eberhard. "Das Fragment : Geschichte einer ästhetischen Idee /." München : W. Fink, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35706875t.
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Gharbi, Hazar. "Style et ethos dans "Papiers collés" de Georges Perros : étude stylistique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0086.
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La notion d’ethos a été l’objet de plusieurs recherches entamées depuis Aristote et continuées jusqu’à nos jours. Cette notion induit que toute œuvre littéraire possède un ethos auctorial particulier. Ce dernier nous renvoie incessamment à l’action d’un sujet scripteur ayant et projetant une image de soi avec laquelle le lecteur interagit. Cette image de soi véhiculée par l’auteur apparait essentiellement dans l’œuvre à travers le lexique, les opérations logiques, les thèmes, les prises de position, le ton, le style, etc. On parle dans ce cas d’un ethos discursif qui représente le résultat de l’énonciation et qui se dégage à partir d’un corpus écrit, peint, sculpté ou chanté. L’ethos constitue donc une construction que le lecteur se fait à partir d’indices énonciatifs donnés. . Cependant cet ethos recourt souvent à des représentations qui sont antérieures à l’énonciation dont le locuteur est conscient ou non. Ces représentations ou cet ethos préalable participe à la construction de l’ethos auctorial de la part du leteur. A ce niveau là les Papiers Collés I, II et III de Georges Perros constituent par leur appartenance au fragmentaire une " non-œuvre ", s’inscrivent dans le cadre des œuvres inclassables. Georges Perros a choisi la note comme type d’écriture. Celle-ci se caractérise par sa nature concise, irraisonnée, fugace et relève d’un trait d’esprit momentané. Ce type d’écriture est révélateur d’un ethos auctorial particulier qui ne se conforme pas aux valeurs qu’affirme normalement un éthos, c'est-à-dire, la bienveillance, la franchise, la modestie qui sont les composantes de base de l’ethos selon les rhétoriciens afin de rendre celui qui parle digne de foi<br>The notion of ethos has been the subject of several research begun since Aristotle and continued until today. This notion implies that every literary work has a particular auctorial ethos. The latter constantly sends us back to the action of a writer who has and projects a self-image with which the reader interacts. This image of self conveyed by the author appears essentially in the work through the lexicon, the logical operations, the themes, the positions, the tone, the style, etc. In this case we speak of a discursive ethos which represents the result of enunciation and which emerges from a written, painted, carved or sung corpus. The ethos is therefore a construction that the reader is made from given enunciative indices. Which leads us to say also that it is possible that the reader does not build the ethos aimed by the author. These representations or this prior ethos participates in the construction of the auctorial ethos on the part of the recipient who can be the reader, the listener or the spectator. At this level is our project. The pasted papers I, II and III of Georges Perros constitute by their belonging to the fragmentary a "non-work", are part of the unclassifiable works. Georges Perros chose the note as type of writing. It is characterized by its concise, irrational, fleeting nature and is a matter of momentary wit. This type of writing is indicative of a particular auctorial ethos that does not conform to the values normally asserted by an ethos, that is, benevolence, openness, modesty, which are the basic building blocks of the ethos according to the rhetoricians in order to make one who speaks worthy of faith
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Kubík, Lukáš. "Vyhledávání a aktualizace fragmentů anotací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236028.
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This master's thesis analyzes annotation server algorithms for searching and updating annotation fragments. The annotation server is a part of the project Decipher. Analyzed algorithms are improved and replaced by newly designed algorithms in this project. A part of this project also designs a new algorithm for measuring how much is an annotation affected after updating the document.
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Chevillard, Florent [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolb. "Improved approaches to ligand growing through fragment docking and fragment-based library design / Florent Chevillard ; Betreuer: Peter Kolb." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119318106/34.
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Roque, Joaquim Iarley Brito. "Continuidade e descontinuidade: a lÃgica do fragmento na filosofia de Walter Benjamin." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10048.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>O presente trabalho se propÃe a apresentar o itinerÃrio filosÃfico seguido por Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) destacando o quanto sua âgnoseologiaâ pretende superar a lÃgica dedutiva e sistemÃtica das ciÃncias e alcanÃar a lÃgica fragmentÃria da realidade atual sem encobrir todos os elementos que a constituem. O pensador lanÃa na introduÃÃo crÃtica-epistemolÃgica de sua obra Origem do Drama Barroco AlemÃo e em sua Passagens conceitos como os de alegoria, monadologia, montagem, apresentaÃÃo, dentre outros, em uma perspectiva filosÃfica que de forma inovadora e original tenta ressaltar a necessidade de levantarmos questÃes referentes ao primado do fragmentÃrio sobre o sistemÃtico no Ãmbito dos mÃtodos e das teorias filosÃficas de nosso tempo. Ressaltando as particularidades de tal proposta epistemolÃgica, e como esta se aplica no todo de sua filosofia apresentaremos o quanto sua crÃtica se direciona para o positivismo, o historicismo, e principalmente Ãs concepÃÃes filosÃficas oriundas do idealismo absoluto. Contra tal perspectiva o pensador aplica a lÃgica do fragmento, da descontinuidade, na construÃÃo de suas Teses sobre o conceito de histÃria destacando o quanto à emergente a necessidade de se fundar uma filosofia contrÃria ao procedimento lÃgico-dedutivo e matemÃtico por estes se realizarem de forma resumida e didÃtica, deixando de lado o problema da expressÃo do singular. Por fim, o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar o quanto o mÃtodo filosÃfico de Benjamin se baseia em uma apresentaÃÃo contemplativa da verdade posta a partir de uma configuraÃÃo descontÃnua e intencional na qual os fenÃmenos sÃo salvos sem perderem sua particularidade.<br>This paper aims to present the philosophical itinerary followed by Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) highlighting how their "gnoseology" aims to overcome the systematic deductive logic and science and achieve fragmentary logic of current reality without cover all elements that form. The Thinker launches in the introduction-epistemological critique of his work Origin of German Baroque Drama and its Cheap concepts like allegory, monadology, assembly, presentation, among others, in a philosophical perspective that in an innovative and original attempts to highlight the need for we raise questions regarding the primacy of fragmentary on systematic within the methods and philosophical theories of our time. Emphasizing the particularities of such epistemological proposal, and how it applies in all of his philosophy present how his criticism is directed to the positivism, historicism, and especially the philosophical conceptions derived from the absolute idealism. Against such a perspective thinker applies the logic of the fragment, the discontinuity in the construction of his Theses on the Philosophy of History is emerging as highlighting the need to establish a philosophy contrary to procedure and logical-deductive mathematical for these are held in a summarized and didactic, leaving aside the problem of singular expression. Finally, the present work aims to demonstrate how the philosophical method Benjamin is based on a presentation called contemplative truth from a discontinuous and intentional setting in which phenomena are saved without losing their distinctiveness.
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Mokrý, Tomáš. "Aktivace Fragmentu v krajině." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215813.
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Henriksson, Jakob. "A Lightweight Framework for Universal Fragment Composition." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1231251831567-11763.
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Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are useful tools for coping with complexity in software development. DSLs provide developers with appropriate constructs for specifying and solving the problems they are faced with. While the exact definition of DSLs can vary, they can roughly be divided into two categories: embedded and non-embedded. Embedded DSLs (E-DSLs) are integrated into general-purpose host languages (e.g. Java), while non-embedded DSLs (NE-DSLs) are standalone languages with their own tooling (e.g. compilers or interpreters). NE-DSLs can for example be found on the Semantic Web where they are used for querying or describing shared domain models (ontologies). A common theme with DSLs is naturally their support of focused expressive power. However, in many cases they do not support non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that can be useful for developers. Such constructs are standard in general-purpose languages (procedures, methods, packages, libraries etc.). While E-DSLs have access to such constructs via their host languages, NE-DSLs do not have this opportunity. Instead, to support such notions, each of these languages have to be extended and their tooling updated accordingly. Such modifications can be costly and must be done individually for each language. A solution method for one language cannot easily be reused for another. There currently exist no appropriate technology for tackling this problem in a general manner. Apart from identifying the need for a general approach to address this issue, we extend existing composition technology to provide a language-inclusive solution. We build upon fragment-based composition techniques and make them applicable to arbitrary (context-free) languages. We call this process for the composition techniques’ universalization. The techniques are called fragment-based since their view of components— reusable software units with interfaces—are pieces of source code that conform to an underlying (context-free) language grammar. The universalization process is grammar-driven: given a base language grammar and a description of the compositional needs wrt. the composition techniques, an adapted grammar is created that corresponds to the specified needs. The result is thus an adapted grammar that forms the foundation for allowing to define and compose the desired fragments. We further build upon this grammar-driven universalization approach to allow developers to define the non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that are needed for NE-DSLs. Developers are able to define both what those constructs should be, and how they are to be interpreted (via composition). Thus, developers can effectively define language extensions and their semantics. This solution is presented in a framework that can be reused for different languages, even if their notion of ‘components’ differ. To demonstrate the approach and show its applicability, we apply it to two Semantic Web related NE-DSLs that are in need of component-oriented constructs. We introduce modules to the rule-based Web query language Xcerpt and role models to the Web Ontology Language OWL.
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Karlsson, Lina Ottilia. "Fragment av en resa : mellan två kulturer." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Bildpedagogik (BI), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-3178.
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Att säga att man har ”en nationalitet” är för många något man känner när man är född i och har vuxit upp i ett land. Men hur kan det vara om man av någon anledning tvingats lämna sitt hemland? Hur är det att inte känna sig hemma i sitt värdland, men att heller inte känna sig hemma i det land man en gång tvingats lämna? Hur är det att befinna sig i ett mellanrum? Jag har valt att undersöka ett material som jag själv har filmat från Kosovo sommaren 2005. Jag har också analyserat en intervju jag gjorde tillsammans med Nexhat, våren 2006. Nexhat var 24 år gammal och intervjun ägde rum i hans hemort i Eksjö i Småland. Intervjun behandlar bland annat upplevelser av resan, tillbakablickar och minnen som beskriver Nexhat och hans familj och det liv de levde innan de lämnade Kosovo 1999. Jag provar mig fram och försöker tolka vad jag fick syn på och vad jag lärde mig av resan. Att tolka materialet bidrar till en djupare förståelse för hur det kan vara att leva i en kultur för att sedan förflytta sig till en annan. Minnen och berättelser som speglar hur det kan vara att leva i två kulturer eller, mellan två kulturer. Jag vill således belysa vad jag tror är ett viktigt ämne i vårt samhälle och så även i den mångkulturella skolan idag. Min undersökning består av två delar, en teoretisk; denna uppsats, och en gestaltning. Uppsatsen redogör för två nivåer i undersökningen, dels en som fokuserar intresset och nyfikenheten på ”andra kulturer”, de Andra och vad jag kallar mellanrum. Dels en reflektionsnivå som berör själva hanteringen av det material jag har arbetat med utifrån moraliska, etiska och konstnärliga aspekter. I denna studie arbetar jag utifrån antropologi, etnografi och begreppet visuell kultur. Diaspora och mellanrum är begrepp jag berör i min text. Jag redogör också för två olika sätt att ”placera” sig som forskare; den informationsinriktade forskaren och den ”rituellt engagerade” forskaren/filmaren. Syftet med min undersökning är att synliggöra det mellanrum som kan infinna sig hos människor som flytt eller lämnat sina hemländer, via min text kring ämnet men också via min gestaltning. Syftet är också att lyfta fram faktorer som kan skapa en bättre förståelse för människor med ”annan bakgrund”, som har socialiserats in i vårt samhälle och i skolan. I min gestaltning vill jag också påvisa hur etnografin tar sin plats i konsten. Jag visar en etnografisk undersökning som en kommunikativ process via bildmaterialet. Symboliskt försöker jag få fram de fragment och mellanrum av minnen och upplevelser man bär med sig genom livet.
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Hallset, Sindre, and Jarle Steenholdt Haagenrud. "Combined blast and fragment loading on plates." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16051.
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This thesis was written at SIMLab at NTNU during 20 weeks of the spring semester of 2011. An increasing need for lightweight protective structures for both military and industrial applications has made the traditional use of concrete structures impractical, and has triggered increased research and development of steeland aluminium protective structures. The aim for this thesis is to investigate the synergetic effect of combined blast and fragment loading on thin steel plates. Experiments were performed using a pressure tank to simulate blast loading on plates with premade holes.The experiments were meant to imitate the effect of a blast wave hitting a thin steel plate penetrated by fragments travelling in front of the pressure wave. Largely the experiments were successful, though some results turned outto be deviant. Apart from decreasing the overall strength of the plates, the holes had no notable adverse effects. In order to investigate the problem further, numerical analyses were performed. A high number of simple analyses were run to establish a foundation upon which more complex analyses could be based. A reasonable level of similarity to the experiments was observed. Analyses were also run applying both uncoupled and coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian analyses. These analyses recreated recorded pressure levels from the experiments quite well, but resulted in exaggerated responses due tohigher loading rate.
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Ruggiu, Fiorella. "Property-enriched fragment descriptors for adaptive QSAR." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF037/document.
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Les descripteurs ISIDA enrichis par propriété ont été introduit pour encoder les structures moléculaires en chémoinformatique en tant que nombre d’occurrence de sous-graphes moléculaires spécifiques dont les sommets représentant les atomes sont colorés par des propriétés locales tel que les pharmacophores dépendant du pH, les identifiants de champs de force, les charges partielles, les incréments LogP ou les propriétés extraites d’un modèle QSAR. Ces descripteurs, par leurs large choix d’option, permettent à l’utilisateur de les adapter au problème à modéliser. Ils ont été utilisés avec succès dans une étude de criblage virtuel sur des inhibiteurs de protéases et plusieurs modèles QSAR sur le coefficient de partage octanol-eau, l’index d’hydrophobicité chromatographique, l’inhibition du canal hERG, la constante de dissociation acide, la force des accepteurs de liaison hydrogène et l’affinité de liaison des GPCR<br>ISIDA property-enriched fragment descriptors were introduced as a general framework to numerically encode molecular structures in chemoinformatics, as counts of specific subgraphs in which atom vertices are coloured with respect to a local property - notably pH-dependent pharmacophore, force field, partial charges, logP increments and QSAR model extracted properties. The descriptors leave the user a vast choice in terms of the level of resolution at which chemical information is extracted into the descriptors to adapt them to the problem. They were successfully tested in neighbourhood behaviour and QSAR modelling challenges, with very promising results. They showed excellent results in similarity-based virtual screening for analogue protease inhibitors, and generated highly predictive octanol-water partition coefficient, chromatographic hydrophobicity index, hERG channel inhibition, acidic dissociation constant, hydrogen-bond acceptor strength and GPCR binding affinity models
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August, Jonas. "From contour fragment grouping to shape decomposition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0006/MQ29580.pdf.
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Kabbage, Mehdi. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism in Mycosphaerella graminicola." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/255.
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August, Jonas. "From contour fragment grouping to shape decomposition." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26770.
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Bounding contours of physical objects are often fragmented by other occluding objects. This creates the need for perceptual grouping, or the association of those fragments corresponding to the same object. Perceptual grouping is currently a bottleneck to computer vision, since previous approaches either were heuristic, assumed the object belonged to restricted classes in order to exploit geometric invariants, or hypothesized boundary continuations. I introduce an alternative by invoking the principle that those fragments should be grouped whose fragmentation can be accounted for by a virtual occluder, and introduce the gap skeleton as a representation of this occluder. Properties of gap skeleton are proved, and an algorithm for computing it is given. Finally, a different perspective on gap skeleton is obtained in the domain of shape decomposition, where ligature emerges as the analog to gap skeleton. This leads to a new definition of a limb as a formal part, and suggests that both grouping and shape decomposition share a common basis.
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Hayes, Edward. "Fragment based design of cholera toxin inhibitors." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534749.
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Mohd, Sharef Nurfadhlina. "Text fragment identification with evolving fuzzy grammars." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535478.
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North, Andrew James Peter. "Fragment synthesis : pharmacophore and diversity oriented approaches." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290076.
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This thesis explores two approaches to fragment-based drug discovery. First, protein target CK2 was chosen due to its importance in the cancer phenotype. A literature fragment, NMR154L, proved to be a promising compound for fragment development, due to its binding at the interface site of the protein rather than the highly conserved ATP pocket. Analogues were synthesised of this fragment leading to a candidate with a better IC50. Additionally, computer modelling of the interface site suggested that a series of spirocyclic compounds would inhibit this protein. These were synthesised and tested in vitro. Results from these tests were analysed and informed the synthesis of new inhibitors with the aid of crystal structures and computer modelling. Secondly, to address the lack of spirocyclic scaffolds in fragment screening libraries a number of diversity-orientated synthetic campaigns were undertaken. The first of these utilised glycine as starting material. Two terminal alkenes were installed. The alkenes were linked and the amino and acidic residues cyclised. This allowed for the formation of a diverse range of spirocyclic scaffolds from this one starting material. Having established chemistry for linking amino and acidic residues a campaign with dehydroalanine was under taken. This would allow for the installation of the second ring by pericyclic chemistry as well as using chemistry previously established. This pericyclic chemistry was also applied to synthesising spirocycles from rings with exocyclic double bonds. These being readily installed from Wittig chemistry, this allowed utilisation of starting materials which contained a cyclic ketone. Of these azetidinone was a good candidate due to the fact it was a commercially available building block and allowed access to spirocycles containing a 4-membered ring; an underrepresented ring size. Finally, computation analysis was carried out on the library to assess it diversity and any potential biological targets which these fragments may inhibit.
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Li, Yunjia. "Media fragment semantics : the linked data approach." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/377824/.
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In the last few years, the explosion of multimedia content on the Web has made multimedia resources the “first class citizen” of the Web. While these resources are easily stored and shared, it is becoming more difficult to find specific video/audio content, especially to identify, link, navigate, search and share the content inside multimedia resources. The concept of media fragment refers to the deep linking into multimedia resources, but making annotations to media fragments and linking them to other resources on the Web have yet to be adopted. The Linked Data principles offer guidelines for publishing Linked Data on the Web, so that data can be better connected to each other and explored by machines. Publishing media fragments and annotations as Linked Data will enable the media fragments to be transparently integrated into current Web content. This thesis takes the Linked Data approach to realise the interlinking of media fragments to other resources on the Web and demonstrate how the Linked Data can help improve the indexing of media fragments. This thesis firstly identifies the gap between media fragments and Linked Data, and the major requirements that need to be fulfilled to bridge that gap based on the current situation of presenting and sharing multimedia data on the Web. Then, by extending the Linked Data principles, this thesis proposes Interlinking Media Fragment Principles as the basic rationale and best practice of applying Linked Data principles to media fragments. To further automate the media fragments publishing process, a core RDF model and a media fragment enriching framework are designed to link media fragments into the Linked Open Data Cloud via annotations and visualise media fragments on the Web pages. A couple of examples are implemented to demonstrate the use of interlinked media fragments, including the case to enrich YouTube videos with named entities and using media fragments for video classifications. The Media Fragment Indexing Framework is proposed to solve the fundamental problem of media fragments indexing for search engines and, as an example, Twitter is adopted as the source for media fragment annotations. The thesis concludes that applying Linked Data principles to media fragments will bring semantics to media fragments, which will improve the multimedia indexing on a fine-grained level and new research areas can be explored based on the interlinked media fragments.
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Henriksson, Jakob. "A Lightweight Framework for Universal Fragment Composition." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25043.
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Domain-specific languages (DSLs) are useful tools for coping with complexity in software development. DSLs provide developers with appropriate constructs for specifying and solving the problems they are faced with. While the exact definition of DSLs can vary, they can roughly be divided into two categories: embedded and non-embedded. Embedded DSLs (E-DSLs) are integrated into general-purpose host languages (e.g. Java), while non-embedded DSLs (NE-DSLs) are standalone languages with their own tooling (e.g. compilers or interpreters). NE-DSLs can for example be found on the Semantic Web where they are used for querying or describing shared domain models (ontologies). A common theme with DSLs is naturally their support of focused expressive power. However, in many cases they do not support non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that can be useful for developers. Such constructs are standard in general-purpose languages (procedures, methods, packages, libraries etc.). While E-DSLs have access to such constructs via their host languages, NE-DSLs do not have this opportunity. Instead, to support such notions, each of these languages have to be extended and their tooling updated accordingly. Such modifications can be costly and must be done individually for each language. A solution method for one language cannot easily be reused for another. There currently exist no appropriate technology for tackling this problem in a general manner. Apart from identifying the need for a general approach to address this issue, we extend existing composition technology to provide a language-inclusive solution. We build upon fragment-based composition techniques and make them applicable to arbitrary (context-free) languages. We call this process for the composition techniques’ universalization. The techniques are called fragment-based since their view of components— reusable software units with interfaces—are pieces of source code that conform to an underlying (context-free) language grammar. The universalization process is grammar-driven: given a base language grammar and a description of the compositional needs wrt. the composition techniques, an adapted grammar is created that corresponds to the specified needs. The result is thus an adapted grammar that forms the foundation for allowing to define and compose the desired fragments. We further build upon this grammar-driven universalization approach to allow developers to define the non–domain-specific component-oriented constructs that are needed for NE-DSLs. Developers are able to define both what those constructs should be, and how they are to be interpreted (via composition). Thus, developers can effectively define language extensions and their semantics. This solution is presented in a framework that can be reused for different languages, even if their notion of ‘components’ differ. To demonstrate the approach and show its applicability, we apply it to two Semantic Web related NE-DSLs that are in need of component-oriented constructs. We introduce modules to the rule-based Web query language Xcerpt and role models to the Web Ontology Language OWL.
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Belevich, Lydia. "Koncentration, konstruktion: Fragment, Plasticitet, Konsekvens : Ett assemblage." Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7247.
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koncentration, konstruktion: Fragment, Plasticitet, Konsekvens Ett Assemblage I essän koncentration, konstruktion: Fragment, Plasticitet, Konsekvens- Ett Assemblage sammanställs ett urval kritiker, konstnärer och filosofers texter som diskuterar kapitalism, teknologi, plasticitet och affekt. Parallellt med teorierna är mina egna tankegångar och narrativ placerade tillsammans i ett assemblage. Essän diskuterar mediakritikerns Herbert I. Schillers: Culture Inc. The Corporate Takeover Of Public Expression (1989), företagens framväxt och ökande dominans i USA efter instifningen av den konstitutionella lagen “Bellotti” (1978); följder av företags rättighet till yttrandefrihet, och den ökade betydelsen av inpaketeringen av kulturella meddelanden för produktionsmedlen. Förenar citat från bland annat Slavoj Žižeks (The Pervert's Guide to Ideology) i detta. Texten lyfter därefter fram bitar av filosofens Catherine Malabous bok Vad ska vi göra med vår hjärna? (2008) o ch diskuterar Plasticitet vs. Flexibiliet, och “Den neurala världen och kapitalismens anda”. Andra utdrag från teoretiker (och konstnärer) såsom Donna Harraway, Steven Shaviro, Mark Fisher, Hito Steyerl, N. Katheriene Hayles och Chloé Galibert-Laîné’s essäfilm- The Pain Of Others återfinns i essän. Löpande i texten är mina egna narrativ fördelade längsmed och i kontrast gentemot teorierna som lyfts fram. Som bitar till ett assemblage men som också på olika sätt behandlar det subjektiva och subjektbildandet. Vilket sker i olika textformat under rubrikerna: Interview: Madonna, Skulptur, Fördelning av en tidslinje, Replokalen, Berlin 2019: Nirvana 2019, Selected Songs By Year.
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Arnell, Zara Anna Cetacea. "Fragment av minnen / Fragmenterat minne : Examensuppsats 2021." Thesis, Konstfack, Grafisk design & illustration, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7855.
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Mitt examensarbete är till lika delar ett sorgearbete liksom ett minnesarbete och ett handens arbete. Det tar avstamp i det tomrum som en förlust lämnar efter sig. I minnet av någon, minnet av en lukt, minnet av en känsla. De suddas ut, bleks och omformas. Via dessa fragment undersöker jag dialogen mellan det analoga och digitala, då och nu. Mitt arbete handlar om omsorg och att föra vidare ett arv. Jag tar upp tråden där min mormor lämnade den.
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McGovern, Donna. "Salvinorin A: Fragment Synthesis and Modeling Studies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1862.
Full textAbstract:
Salvinorin A is a non-nitrogenous, selective kappa opioid receptor agonist with potent hallucinogenic properties. Because Salvinorin A has no basic nitrogen, it does not readily adhere to the “message-address” concept of selectivity for the opioid receptors. Therefore, a better understanding of how salvinorin A and its analogs interact with the kappa opioid receptor may shed some light on how salvinorin A obtains its potency and selectivity. The structure-affinity relationships (SAFIR) of salvinorin A and its analogs along with a discussion of the selectivity of the opioid receptors, is presented. A fragment of salvinorin A, methyl-3-acetoxy-4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate, was synthesized to determine if the B, C and D rings are or are not necessary for binding to the opioid receptors. The fragment was found not to bind to the kappa, delta or mu receptor which reinforces the importance of the B, C and D rings in the binding of salvinorin A to the kappa opioid receptor. Homology models of the kappa, delta and mu opioid receptors were constructed based on inactive bovine rhodopsin, light-activated bovine rhodopsin and the human beta-2 adrenergic receptors. The program MODELLER was also used to construct the kappa opioid receptor. Two comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) studies are then presented which compared three different types of alignment methods. The alignment methods employed included a receptor-docked alignment in which the salvinorin A analogs were docked into a model of the kappa opioid receptor using the program GOLD. The docked poses for this alignment were chosen based on their similarity to our postulated model of salvinorin A in the kappa opioid receptor. In our model the furan oxygen forms hydrogen bonds with Q115(2.60) and Y320(7.43), the methoxy oxygen of the C-4 position ester group may form a hydrogen bond with Y312(7.35) and the methyl group of the C-2 position acetoxy moiety forms a hydrophobic interaction with Y313(7.36). These interactions are consistent with mutagenesis studies. The other alignment methods employed were a FlexS alignment and a realignment of the receptor-docked poses using the Fit Atoms function within SYBYL. Only the receptor-docked alignment method resulted in robust and predictive CoMFA models which indicates that the analogs may bind to the kappa opioid receptor in a similar but non-identical way. In addition, information from the CoMFA models based on the receptor-docked alignment led to a postulated binding mode for a set of amine analogs of salvinorin A which were not part of the original data set. Docking studies have the positively charged C-2 position amine group interacting with E209(XL2.49) while the furan oxygen and C-4 position ester group interacts with the same residues as in our model of salvinorin A in the kappa opioid receptor. The studies presented here not only support our postulated model of salvinorin A binding to the kappa opioid receptor but may also explain the trend of the beta epimers of the amine analogs to have a higher affinity than the corresponding alpha epimers. Site-directed mutagenesis studies could provide data to support or refute the postulated models of the amines docked in the kappa opioid receptor presented here.