Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fragmentation index

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fragmentation index'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Cassilde, Stephanie, and Kelly Labart. "A Pluri-Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation Index." Revista Internacional de Organizaciones, no. 23 (January 9, 2020): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/rio23.223-242.

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The Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation index aims to measure the probability two random individuals belong to the same groupe. However, a person may belong to several groups. The Pluri-Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation index generalizes the ELF index to consider multiple belongings within a country. PELF index results are discussed from the crucial case of Luxemburg. PELF index is computed in work, friends, and family linguistic environments; PELF is significantly smaller than ELF. The difference between ELF and PELF index for Luxemburg suggests a high linguistic cohesion at work and with friends.
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Vergara, Dante Gideon, Rodel Lasco, Robert Walker, Antonio Alcantara, Rico Ancog, Patricia Ann Sanchez, and Cristino Tiburan. "Fragmentation Trajectories as a Review of Existing and Proposed Single-valued Fragmentation Indices." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2021_2/04.

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Two related single-valued landscape fragmentation indices D and F are proposed, based on patch aggregation, shape complexity, and percent of the focal pixels on the landscape, and are computed using Fragstats metrics on a colonization landscape continuously fragmented over 36 years. The same was done for two existing single-valued fragmentation indices, i.e., the Matheron index based solely on normalized unlike joins, and the Normalized Hypsometric Curve (NHMC) index from GUIDOS Toolbox. All were plotted chronologically, and also against percent non-forest (%nf) of the landscape, and the trajectories were compared for behavior. The NHMC index starts high even if deforestation is low, and continues increasing even further as deforestation continues, while the other three indices all start close to zero and increase gradually. F mimics D very closely, and the Matheron index only behaves differently from F and D at the end of the data range. The deviation may be due to patch aggregation, which the Matheron index does not consider. An accepted single-valued fragmentation index computed from Fragstats landscape metrices could allow for cross-study comparisons relating fragmentation with any other attribute on or of the landscape, hopefully advancing the science of fragmentation in landscape ecology as cross-study generalizations would now be possible.
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HABARUBIO, J., V. IBANEZ, and E. SFORZA. "An alternative measure of sleep fragmentation in clinical practice: the sleep fragmentation index." Sleep Medicine 5, no. 6 (November 2004): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.06.007.

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Hudaverdi, T., C. Kuzu, and A. Fisne. "Investigation of the blast fragmentation using the mean fragment size and fragmentation index." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 56 (December 2012): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.07.028.

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Тлеуханов, К. К., Н. А. Алтыбаева, М. К. Отарбаев, Е. М. Тойшибеков, and А. А. Тлеуханова. "DETERMINATION OF THE HUMAN SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION INDEX." Vestnik, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.80.11.047.

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В статье представлены собранные данные о методах устранения повышенной частоты фрагментации ДНК у сперматозоидов, которые в некоторых исследованиях подтверждают, что введение антиоксидантов может снизить уровень фрагментации ДНК у сперматозоидов. The article presents collected data on methods of eliminating the increased frequency of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa, which in some studies confirm that the introduction of antioxidants can reduce the level of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa.
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Samsuri, Febrianti Sitorus, Anita Zaitunah, and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad. "Fragmentation Typology of Sumatran Tropical Lowland Forest, Labuhanbatu Selatan - Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 5, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2021.5.3.105-112.

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Forest land cover experienced changes caused by various factors. Deforestation and forest degradation decreased forest structure and size that produce forest fragmentation. This study aimed to determine spatial distribution patterns and typology of forest fragmentation in the Labuhanbatu Selatan district. The study uses land cover image analysis, forest fragmentation analysis, correlation analysis, and typology analysis. Forest fragmentation is determined based on patch area (CA), patch density (PD), contiguity index (CONTIG), and proximity index (PROX). The study analyzes the correlation between variable factors and the degrees of forest fragmentation to develop a typology of fragmentation forest. The variables used to construct the typology of forest fragmentation are population density, productive age ratio, income, and slope. The classification of forest fragmentation has been completed to create a forest fragmentation typology. To determine the typology of forest fragmentation, the K-Means Cluster analysis method is used. Typology of forests fragmentation of Labuhanbatu Selatan district is three typologies. Typology 1 is the low forest fragmentation of Torgamba, Silangkitang, and Kota Pinang sub-district, typology 2 is moderate forest fragmentation are the Kampung Rakyat, and Typology 3 is high forest fragmentation of Sungai Kanan sub-district.
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Hachemi, M. "Impact of Paternal Genome with a High DNA Fragmentation Index (>60%) on Early Embryonic Development." International Journal of Gynecological and Obstetrical Research 9, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2309-4400.2021.09.03.

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: Objectives: The objective of this study is to propose thresholds of the sperm DNA fragmentation rate (IFA≤30% IFA31%-60% IFA>60%), in order to assess the clinical effects of the paternal genome on intra cytoplasmic sperm injection parameters, in particular the effect of the latter on early embryonic development. Materials and Methods: The procedure is a retrospective study, which involved 101 patients enrolled in an ICSI program with their partners. The index of spermatic DNA fragmentation rate was measured using the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion assay. Results: There is a negative correlation between high levels of the spermatic DNA fragmentation index and spermiological characteristics: Concentration P=0.002 and mobility P=0.0001. For ICSI results, there are different observations on the existence of a correlation between the spermatic DNA fragmentation index and fertility rate. On the other hand, the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation does not seem to influence early embryonic development, and even couples whose partners have a high fragmentation index manage to obtain the best quality embryos (P=0.002). We observe a decrease in the rate of implantation with an increase in the rate of alteration of the sperm genome, but this remains insignificant P > 0.05. Conclusion: ICSI remains the only alternative for men with a high rate of sperm DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the operator seems to influence the results more than is suggested. This does not exclude the paternal effect which may influence the quality of the concepltus later on. Keywords: DNA Fragmentation Index, ICSI, Fertilization Rate, Embryos Quality.
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Johnsson, Katarina. "Fragmentation index as a region based GIS operator." International journal of geographical information systems 9, no. 2 (March 1995): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02693799508902034.

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Sagayan, E., B. Acacio, C. Coulam, G. Sher, and M. Nouriani. "Effects of antioxidant treatment on DNA fragmentation index." Fertility and Sterility 82 (September 2004): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.223.

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Quant, H. S., E. Tirado, Q. Baca, B. Leader, and A. S. Penzias. "Sperm DNA fragmentation index worsens with advancing age." Fertility and Sterility 92, no. 3 (September 2009): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.280.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Lin, Fang-yee. "'Islands' in an island: multiscale effects of forest fragmentation on lowland forest birds in Taiwan." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50986.

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Intensive agricultural developments and increasing human population has caused severe lowland-forest loss and fragmentation in the western coastal plain in Taiwan over the past centuries. The goal of this study is to explore the multiscale impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness and community composition of lowland-forest birds in Taiwan. At a regional scale, Island Biogeography Theory was applied to examine area and isolation effects on species richness of lowland-forest birds using bird data derived from Breeding Bird Survey Taiwan in 2009 and 2010. I also investigate the differential responses of two functional groups (forest specialists and generalists) to area and isolation effects Furthermore, I examine the relative influences of environmental variables at regional, landscape and local scales on avian community indices and composition in northern Taiwan with a hierarchical multiscale approach. Finally, species vulnerable to forest fragmentation and the ecological traits associated with specie vulnerability to forest fragmentation were identified.

Only forest specialist species responded to the regional-scale area and isolation effects. The species richness of forest specialists increased with the size of forest islands, and the community similarity of forest specialist species declined with increasing the distance from the sources of immigrants. Structurally isolated forests may not function as real habitat patches from the view of forest generalists because of their flexibility in utilizing the non-forest matrix. After accounting for the influences of environmental variables at other spatial scales, the regional-scale isolation effect still played a key role in determining avian community composition based on the  
presence/absence data set. But local-scale forest condition also explained a considerable amount of variability in the presence/absence data set. The regional-scale isolation effect, however, didn\'t show significant influences on community composition based on the abundance data set. In contrast, the landscape-scale variables explained the largest amount of variability in the abundance data set at the entire community level. There were six bird species (Parus varius, Dicrurus aeneus, Treron sieboldii, Pericrocotu solaris, Erporniszan tholeuca and Alcippe brunnea) whose occurrence and abundance were both vulnerable to forest fragmentation. Habitat specialization was the ecological traits most strongly associated with their vulnerability

Ph. D.
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Nymo, Kaitlin. "Correlation between Fertilization, Cleavage and Pregnancy Rate with Sperm DNA-Fragmentation Index (DFI)." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9204.

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The chromatin integrity in sperm cells is vital for successful pregnancy. In this

study DNA-damage was evaluated in sperm cells from 50 men attending In Vitro Fertilization

(IVF) or Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment. Male semen samples were

purified with a two-shift gradient before the sperm cells were treated with the Halosperm® Test

Kit and evaluated for DNA-damage. The samples were divided in two groups according to DNAFragmentation

Index (DFI) of 30 % and the results correlated with fertilization, cleavage and

pregnancy rate. Men with DFI ≥ 30 % had a higher fertilization and pregnancy rate and a lower

cleavage rate compared to men with DFI ≤ 30 %. The conclusions were that fertilization in vitro

may be independent of the degree of DNA-damage, the embryonic development could be

seriously disrupted by damaged sperm cells, and the pregnancy rate showed no correlation to a

DFI threshold of 30 %.

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Bluestone, Peter S. "Government Fragmentation and the Attainment of Regional Environmental Quality." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/44.

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This dissertation investigates whether higher levels of “governmental fragmentation” in metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) leads to worse environmental outcomes. Fragmentation refers to the number of local governments in a given region or MSA as defined by the census. This research contributes to two bodies of literature, that of environmental federalism and that of urban growth and local government form. In the area of environmental federalism this dissertation extends the collective action model to include local governments. An empirical framework is developed that includes cross-sectional and panel data. In the urban growth and local government form literature, this dissertation comprehensively tests many existing measures of local government fragmentation within an environmental policy framework. It also modifies and extends some of the fragmentation variables. The results suggest that local government fragmentation does hinder MSAs from attaining the ozone standard. This dissertation extends the literature by examining the effect that local government fragmentation has on regional environmental quality. Six local government structure variables, jurisdiction count, special district dominance, central city dominance, county primacy, central city growth, and metropolitan power diffusion index are comprehensively tested to determine which might affect regional environmental quality. In addition, this research extends the use of the computationally complex measure of metropolitan power diffusion index to include additional local government expenditures as well as additional years of panel data. Two empirical estimation strategies were implemented, a cross-sectional approach and a panel data approach. The cross-sectional approach estimates the effects that long-term changes in local government structure have on attaining the ozone standard by measuring differences across MSAs. The panel data model’s primary purpose was that of a robustness check on the cross-sectional results. Three of the six tested fragmentation variables were found to have statistically significant effects on MSA attainment of the ozone standard in the cross-sectional model. Higher levels of metropolitan power diffusion index and jurisdiction count were found to hinder attainment of the ozone standard, while greater values of central city growth aided in reaching the attainment standard. Generally, the panel data results’ supported the results from the cross-sectional models. In addition, the panel model resolved some important estimation issues. Metropolitan power diffusion index was found to be correlated with unobservables in the random effects model, indicating that the cross-sectional results for metropolitan power diffusion index may be biased as well. This was not an issue for the variable jurisdiction count. Metropolitan power diffusion index and jurisdiction count are highly correlated with each other and this relationship was used to estimate a reasonable range for the effect metropolitan power diffusion index might have on the attainment of the ozone standard.
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Sundqvist, Patrik, and Lisa Andersson. "A study of the impacts of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Northern Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7623.

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This study examines the relationship between land fragmentation and agricultural productivity in Vietnam, as well as the outcomes of land consolidation programs on productivity. Data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2004 and data on the land consolidation process was used for the regression analysis. The results show weak correlations between fragmentation and productivity. Land fragmentation seems to be positively correlated to productivity due to more use of fertilizers and labour input. The communes that have consolidated their land are more productive, but this seems to be explained by initial differences in productivity. Our results suggest that there are no immidiate gains in land consolidation.

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Bellatreche, Ladjel. "Utilisation des vues materialisees, des index et de la fragmentation dans la conception logique et physique d'un entrepot de donnees." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22255.

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Un entrepot de donnees est une collection de donnees orientees sujet, integrees, non volatiles et historisees, organisees pour supporter un processus d'aide a la decision. Typiquement ce processus est mene par l'intermediaire de requetes de type olap (on-line analytical processing). Ces requetes sont generalement complexes car elles contiennent de nombreuses operations de jointure et de regroupement et induisent des temps de reponse tres eleves. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux s'interessent a diverses techniques d'amelioration des performances des entrepots de donnees pour favoriser au mieux les requetes. Ils interpellent deux niveaux de la conception des entrepots : le niveau logique et le niveau physique. Au niveau logique, nous suggerons une methodologie de fragmentation des structures de donnees de l'entrepot. Au niveau physique, nous nous interessons (1) a la definition et a la selection d'index de jointure en presence des vues materialisees et (2) a la distribution de l'espace disque entre les vues materialisees et les index. En ce qui concerne l'indexation, nous proposons une nouvelle technique d'indexation de jointure appelee index de graphe de jointure. Ce type d'index est specifique aux entrepots de type rolap (relational olap). Ils peuvent etre utilises sur les vues, les tables de dimensions et la table des faits. Ils permettent de reduire considerablement le cout d'execution des requetes. Une strategie d'execution des requetes en presence des index de graphe de jointure est decrite, et un modele de cout evaluant le cout d'execution d'un ensemble de requetes est developpe. Nous formulons ensuite le probleme de selection d'index de jointure en presence d'une contrainte d'espace disque et nous proposons trois algorithmes de resolution optimaux ou quasi-optimaux (un algorithme exhaustif et deux algorithmes gloutons). Le probleme de la distribution de l'espace disque entre les vues materialisees et les index a ete pose assez recemment et peu de travaux l'ont interpelle. Dans ce memoire, nous formulons ce probleme dans le cas statique (ou tous les parametres de l'entrepot sont connus a priori) et dans le cas dynamique (certains des parametres de l'entrepot doivent etre reevalues apres les operations de mises a jour) et nous proposons un algorithme approche de resolution base sur l'interaction entre deux agents, l'un operant pour le compte des vues et l'autre pour le compte des index. L'interet de la fragmentation est bien connu dans les bases de donnees relationnelles. Pour les entrepots, nous justifions que la fragmentation horizontale apparait plus specialement appropriee et nous proposons une methodologie de fragmentation horizontale pour decomposer un schema d'entrepot en etoile. Nous montrons ensuite que les algorithmes de fragmentation bases uniquement sur les frequences d'acces des requetes ne sont pas les plus interessants. Nous suggerons deux nouveaux types d'algorithmes. Le premier type est dirige par les affinites entre predicats et le deuxieme est dirige par un modele de cout. Pour cette derniere categorie nous comparons un algorithme exhaustif recensant tous les schemas de fragmentation et un algorithme approximatif.
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Žakevičius, Martynas. "Sleep and the sense of rest: relation between sleep fragmentation and subjective sleep quality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121001_093350-31580.

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Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep. Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function. The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index. Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text]
Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje.
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Magidi, James Takawira. "Spatio-temporal dynamics in land use and habit fragmentation in Sandveld, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7886_1297841126.

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This research assessed landuse changes and trends in vegetation cover in the Sandveld, using remote sensing images. Landsat TM satellite images of 1990, 2004 and 2007 were classified using the maximum likelihood classifier into seven landuse classes, namely water, agriculture, fire patches, natural vegetation, wetlands, disturbed veld, and open sands. Change detection using remote sensing algorithms and landscape metrics was performed on these multi-temporal landuse maps using the Land Change Modeller and Patch Analyst respectively. Markov stochastic modelling techniques were used to predict future scenarios in landuse change based on the classified images and their transitional probabilities. MODIS NDVI multi-temporal datasets with a 16day temporal resolution were used to assess seasonal and annual trends in vegetation cover using time series analysis (PCA and time profiling).Results indicated that natural vegetation decreased from 46% to 31% of the total landscape between 1990 and 2007 and these biodiversity losses were attributed to an increasing agriculture footprint. Predicted future scenario based on transitional probabilities revealed a continual loss in natural habitat and increase in the agricultural footprint. Time series analysis results (principal components and temporal profiles) suggested that the landscape has a high degree of overall dynamic change with pronounced inter and intra-annual changes and there was an overall increase in greenness associated with increase in agricultural activity. The study concluded that without future conservation interventions natural habitats would continue to disappear, a condition that will impact heavily on biodiversity and significant waterdependent ecosystems such as wetlands. This has significant implications for the long-term provision of water from ground water reserves and for the overall sustainability of current agricultural practices.

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Hadlich, Janaina Conte 1976. "Metodologias de análise de maciez como parâmetro de qualidade de carne de bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos e idades /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95323.

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Orientador: Luis Arthur Loyola Chardulo
Banca: Antonio Carlos Silveira
Banca: Albino Luchiari Filho
Resumo: O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Confinamento de Gado de Corte da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia e no Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituto de Biociências. Foram utilizados animais da raça Nelore, mestiços u Aberdeen X Nelore e mestiços u Simental X Nelore, abatidos com idade entre 12 e 15 meses conforme estabelecido pelo modelo biológico superprecoce. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi análise de componentes da maciez de novilhos superprecoces de grupos genéticos distintos. Não foi verificada diferença estatística (p>0,01) entre os grupos genéticos para a força de cisalhamento, Índice de Fragmentação Miofibrilar (MFI) e frações do colágeno, entretanto houve influência (p<0,01) do período postmortem, exceto para o colágeno. A carne de animais abatidos entre 12 e 15 meses de idade apresenta atributos de qualidade independente do grupo genético utilizado e com sete dias de maturação todos os animais apresentaram carne com grau de maciez desejável.
Abstract: The experiment was accomplished in the Section of Feedlot of cattle of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia and in the Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituito de Biociências. Nelore breed, u Aberdeen X Nelore crossbreed and u Simental X Nelore crossbreed were used and slaughtered accordingly with the brazilian system called "superprecoce". The experiment was accomplished in a completely randomized design. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of tenderness components of "superprecoce" of different genetic groups. There was no statistics difference (p>0,01) between genetic groups for the shear force values, Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index (MFI) and collagen, however there was influence (p<0,01) of the ageing, except for the collagen. The meat of animals slaughtered between 12 and 15 months of age showed attributes of quality independent of the genetic group and with seven days of ageing all animals had a desirable tenderness.
Mestre
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Rodríguez, Cortés Luisa. "La fragmentación de lo público en la ciudad: organización socioespacial, marco institucional y sociabilidad urbana." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115269.

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The configuration of cities has invariably impacted the production of public dimension, both in its institutional meaning where the central axis is constituted by the State, as in its relational and spatial aspects. Given this scenario, it is pertinent to question how the public dimension is configured within the framework of today’s cities? This article aims to contribute answering this question by examining three dimensions that are basic in the public dimension of the cities: socio-spatial organization
institutional framework and urban sociability. For this, a theoretical review is made, taking as reference the case of Mexico City, with the aim of shedding light on the processes that mark the limits and contents of what we define as public. As a conclusion, it is argued that the public dimension is highly fragmented, as a result of the way the urban order is structured, the focused and unlinked actions from the governments and the limitations and difficulties for the encounter and dialogue between different.
La configuración de las ciudades ha impactado invariablemente en la producción del ámbito público, tanto en su acepción institucional donde el eje central lo constituye el Estado, como en sus dimensiones relacional y espacial. Ante este escenario, es pertinente preguntarse cómo se configura la dimensión pública en el marco de las ciudades actuales. El presente artículo se propone contribuir a responder esta pregunta a partir de examinar tres dimensiones que son fundamentales en la dimensión pública en la ciudad: la organización socioespacial
el marco institucional y la sociabilidad urbana.Para esto, se realiza una revisión de carácter teórico, teniendo como referencia el caso de la Ciudad de México, con el objetivo de dar luz sobre los procesos que marcan los límites y contenidos de lo que definimos como público. Como conclusión se argumenta que la dimensión pública en la ciudad se encuentra altamente fragmentada, producto de la forma como se estructura el orden urbano, las acciones focalizadas y desvinculadas de los gobiernos y los limitantes y dificultades para el encuentro y diálogo entre diferentes.
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Semel, Brandon Pierce. "Factors affecting golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) densities and strategies for their conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102781.

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Habitat degradation and hunting pose the most proximate threats to many primate species, while climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats (habitat and climate change combined henceforth as "global change") and present new challenges. Madagascar's lemurs are earth's most endangered primates, placing added urgency to their conservation in the face of global change. My dissertation focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka") which is endemic to fragmented forests across a gradient of dry, moderate, and wet forest types in northeastern Madagascar. I surveyed sifakas across their global range and investigated factors affecting their densities. I explored sifaka diets across different forest types and evaluated if nutritional factors influenced sifaka densities. Lastly, I investigated sifaka range-wide genetic diversity and conducted a connectivity analysis to prioritize corridor-restoration and other potential conservation efforts. Sifaka densities varied widely across forest fragments (6.8 (SE = 2.0-22.8) to 78.1 (SE = 53.1-114.8) sifakas/km2) and populations have declined by as much as 30-43% in 10 years, from ~18,000 to 10,222-12,631 individuals (95% CI: 8,230-15,966). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the wet season, and Simpson's diversity index (1-D) predicted sifaka densities range-wide. Sifakas consumed over 101 plant species and spent 27.1% of their active time feeding on buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and young and mature leaves. Feeding effort and plant part consumption varied by season, forest type, and sex. Minerals in sifaka food items (Mg (β = 0.62, SE = 0.19) and K (β = 0.58, SE = 0.20)) and wet season NDVI (β = 0.43, SE = 0.20) predicted sifaka densities. Genetic measures across forest fragments indicated that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated (moderate FIS values: mean = 0.27, range = 0.11-0.60; high M-ratios: mean = 0.59, range = 0.49-0.82; low overall effective population size: Ne = 139.8-144 sifakas). FST comparisons between fragments (mean = 0.12, range = 0.01-0.30) supported previous findings that sifakas still moved across the fragmented landscape. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I identified critical corridors that conservation managers could protect and/or expand via active reforestation to ensure the continued existence of this critically-endangered lemur.
Doctor of Philosophy
Worldwide, many species of primates are threatened with extinction due to habitat degradation, hunting, and climate change (habitat and climate combined threats, henceforth, "global change"). These threats work at different time scales, with hunting being the most immediate and climate change likely to have its fullest impact experienced from the present to a longer time frame. Lemurs are a type of primate found only on Madagascar, an island experiencing rapid global change, which puts lemurs at a heighted risk of extinction. My dissertation research focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka"), a species of lemur found only in a few isolated forests across a dry to wet gradient in northeastern Madagascar. To better understand their extinction risk, I conducted surveys to estimate the number of sifakas remaining and investigated several factors that might determine how many sifakas can live in one place. I then explored how sifaka diets varied depending on the forest type that they inhabit and tested whether nutrients in their food might determine sifaka numbers. Lastly, I calculated sifaka genetic diversity to assess their ability to adapt to new environmental conditions and to determine whether sifakas can move across the landscape to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas of habitat. Sifaka densities varied widely across their range (6.8-78.1 sifakas/km2 ). Only 10,222-12,631 sifakas remain, which is 30-43% less than the range of estimates obtained 10 years ago (~18,000 sifakas). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; a measure of plant health or "greenness" obtained from satellite data), and a tree species diversity index were useful measures to predict sifaka densities. Sifakas ate different plant parts (buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and leaves) from over 101 plant species. The amount of time they spent eating each day varied by the time of year, forest type, and sex. On average, they spent a quarter of their day eating. Magnesium and potassium concentrations in sifaka food items also were useful nutrition-related measures to predict sifaka densities. Genetic analyses suggested that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated and inbred, meaning sifakas are breeding with other sifakas to which they are closely related. However, it appears that sifakas still can move between forest patches to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas, if such areas are created. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I also identified critical areas that will be important to protect and reforest to ensure that movements between populations can continue.
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Books on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Forster, Chris. Obscenity and the Voice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840860.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that an oral mode of textual circulation, which T. S. Eliot discovered both in obscene, comic, bawdy folk song and in music hall performance, provided him with a vision of social cohesion that contrasts with the fragmentation that is otherwise central to his work. The ability of these genres to figure an otherwise lost social cohesion, however, reflects the fact that they are spaces where men bonded and created a sense of homosocial community. Eliot’s published comments on obscenity confirm his valuation of the comic or humorous obscene as a mode and index of social health; but the instances where Eliot discovers this cohesion are predicated on the exclusion of women.
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Book chapters on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Fritchey, Grant. "Index Fragmentation." In SQL Server Query Performance Tuning, 237–67. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6742-3_13.

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Weik, Martin H. "fragmentation index." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 637. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7525.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "Index Fragmentation." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 113–24. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5963-3_5.

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Fritchey, Grant. "Index Fragmentation." In SQL Server 2017 Query Performance Tuning, 403–50. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3888-2_14.

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Korotkevitch, Dmitri. "Index Fragmentation." In Pro SQL Server Internals, 141–54. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-1964-5_6.

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Buscaglia, Daniela, and Anjula Garg. "A Composite Index of Aid Fragmentation." In The Fragmentation of Aid, 45–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55357-7_4.

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Molinatti, Florencia. "Socio-Economic Residential Segregation in Greater Buenos Aires: Evidence of Persistent Territorial Fragmentation Processes." In The Urban Book Series, 451–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_23.

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AbstractSocio-economic residential segregation is a common feature of almost all Argentinean cities, neatly divided into poor, middle-class, and affluent neighborhoods. At the end of the 1980s, and especially over the 1990s, the process of suburbanization for affluent and upper middle-class groups was consolidated as a generalized model. This study concentrates on the trends and the patterns of socio-economic segregation in Buenos Aires and focuses on two major dimensions of segregation: the spatial concentration patterns of a given social group in specific areas and the degree of social homogeneity within such areas. Socio-economic segregation is described using the highest level of education that a householder has completed as a proxy for socio-economic status. The indices of segregation and dissimilarity are used as the main measure to compare the level and changes of residential segregation but other metrics—such as location quotient index—are also used to estimate the degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity in neighboring areas. This study uses population and household census data from 1991, 2001, and 2010 provided by the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INDEC), and the data are presented at the spatial disaggregation level of block groups called ‘radios censales’.
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"Index." In Fragmentation, 349–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119129271.index.

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"Index." In Beyond Fragmentation, 367–82. Fortress Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ddcqx4.26.

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"Index." In Fragmentation and Memory, 189–96. Fordham University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780823291588-012.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Sangiorgi, C., and F. Irali. "An Infrastructure Fragmentation Index for Assessing Landscape Fragmentation Due to Transportation Infrastructure." In International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction (ICSDC) 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41204(426)82.

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Gunawan, Kendy, Edy Fachrial, Adek Amansyah, and Binarwan Halim. "Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and DNA Fragmentation Index." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Health, Instrumentation & Measurement, and Natural Sciences (InHeNce). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inhence52833.2021.9537275.

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Paprika, Milijana J., Mirko M. Komatina, Franz Winter, and Dragoljub V. Dakic. "Factors Affecting Primary Fragmentation During Combustion of Serbian Coals." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78117.

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A two-phase experimental method to establish primary fragmentation behavior of Serbian lignites is presented. The first phase was fragmentation quantification, and second was measuring temperature response of center of coal particle during devolatilization. A dynamic simulation model gave thermal properties of coal used. The influence of various factors such as original size of coal, bed temperature, and coal rank on fragmentation is presented and discussed. A new factor, ratio of coal volatile content and coal thermal diffusivity, as representative of heat and mass transfer processes inside of coal particle, has been introduced and its influence on fragmentation index was analyzed.
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Melgarejo-Meseguer, Francisco-Manuel, Mariela Salar-Alcaraz, Zaida Molins-Bordallo, Francisco-Javier Gimeno-Blanes, Estrella Everss Villalba, Jose-Antonio Flores-Yepes, Jose Luis Rojo-Alvarez, and Arcadi Garcia-Alberola. "QRS Fragmentation Index as a New Discriminator for Early Diagnosis of Heart Diseases." In 2017 Computing in Cardiology Conference. Computing in Cardiology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22489/cinc.2017.267-258.

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Wang, Shyh-Jen. "Modulus of Toughness Measurements of Urinary Calculi." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2636.

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Abstract Objective: To improve the efficacy of ESWL treatment, it is desirable to identify the physical properties of urinary calculi that could offer direct correlation with their fragilities during ESWL and thus could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation. Method: The 30 stone specimens removed surgically were compressed by an axial testing system to measure the compressive strength and trace the stress-strain curve. Image analysis software SigmaScan (Jandel Co.) was used to calculate the area under the stress-strain curve, the modulus of toughness, for each stone. Result: The values of compressive strength measured were similar to those reported by other researchers. The modulus of toughness of urinary calculi correlates with the stone fragility during ESWL clinically. Conclusion: The modulus of toughness could be an index to evaluate the physical property of urinary calculi that could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation.
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Tan, David, Yuanchao Li, Huang Chen, Ian Wilkes, and Joseph Katz. "The Three Dimensional Flow Structure and Turbulence in the Tip Region of an Axial Flow Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43385.

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Continuing preliminary data submitted last year, this paper focuses on effect of operation point on the structure of a tip leakage vortex (TLV) in compressor-like settings. Experiments are being performed at the Johns Hopkins University refractive index-matched facility. The transparent acrylic blades of the one and a half stage compressor have the same geometry, but lower aspect ratio as the inlet guide vanes and the first stage of the Low Speed Axial Compressor facility at NASA Glenn. The refractive index of the liquid, an aqueous NaI solution is matched with that of the blades and transparent casing, facilitating unobstructed stereo-PIV measurements. As the flow rate is reduced close to stall conditions, the leakage flow is confined to rotor chordwise sections further towards the leading edge, and the TLV rollup occurs further upstream, and more radially inward. However, as the leakage flow stops in the aft part of the passage, the near-stall TLV migrates faster to the PS side of the next blade. Instantaneous realizations demonstrate that the TLV consists of multiple interlaced vortices and never rolls up into a single structure, but when phased-averaged, it appears as single structure. The circumferential velocity peak is located radially inward of the mean vorticity center. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is high in the TLV center, in the shear layer connecting the suction side (SS) corner to the TLV feeding vorticity into it, as well as in the region of flow separation on the endwall casing where the leakage flow meets the passage flow. The normal and shear Reynolds stress demonstrate high inhomogeneity and anisotropy, with the streamwise velocity fluctuations being the largest contributor to TKE. The dominant inplane contributors to TKE production rate involve contraction in the region of endwall casing separation and near the SS tip corner, and shear production in the shear layer. Fragmentation and rapid growth of the TLV occurs at mid passage, moving upstream with decreasing flow rate.
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Jiménez Romera, Carlos, Agustín Hernández Aja, and Mariano Vázquez Espí. "Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6060.

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Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample. References Angel, S.; Parent, J.; Civco, D. L. (2012) ‘The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000’, Environment and Urbanization, 24 (1), 249-283. Ascher, F. (1995) Métapolis ou l'avenir des villes. (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.) Dupuy, G. (1991) L'urbanisme des réseaux, théories et méthodes. (Paris: Armand Colin.) Harvey, D. (1996) ‘Cities or urbanization?’, City 1 (2): 38-61. IGN (2007) SIOSE, Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo (http://www.siose.es/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017. Ruiz, F. (2011) AUDES, Áreas Urbanas de España (http://alarcos.esi.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017.
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Saifujjaman, Md, Kwangkook Jeong, and Shinku Lee. "Modeling for Mineral Redistribution of Coal Blending During Pulverized Coal Combustion." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87834.

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This paper represents an analytical model for predicting mineral particle redistribution of coal blending during pulverized coal (PC) combustion in a pulverized coal-fired boiler. The objective of this research is to develop a computer program to perform the mass balance of total minerals after transformation during combustion. A MATLAB code was developed for coal blending mineral redistribution from single coal mineral redistribution in modular approach based on relative Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) of coals. The calculations of the single coal number of ash particles before and after combustion both for excluded and included minerals from the single coal proximate analysis, Malvern analysis, Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy (CCSEM) analysis, density and composition analysis were designed in a submodule. Utilizing single coal sub-module, the calculations of coal blending number of ash particles before and after combustion both for excluded and included minerals were designed in a module of MATLAB code. The blending modeling was designed to blend up to five sub-bituminous coals. Calculations were made for typical boiler combustion conditions ranging from 1,500K to 2,500K as flame temperature. The organically-associated ash content or mineral grains of each coal smaller than 1 micrometer was not included in the calculation of redistribution modeling. Coal particle fragmentation of blended coal was considered as same as single coal and size dependent phenomena. Partial coalescence model was assumed as more likely to occur. Blended coal was assumed to follow additive rule applied to mineral mass percentage based on sizes and mineral phase regardless grinding of coals separately or after blending if the HGI difference between highest and lowest HGI of coals arranged in ascending order stands within five. The modeling was demonstrated for KPU: AVRA and AVRA: Solntsevsky with specific blending ratio 80:20 and 20:80 respectively. The model for blended coal was validated by the mass balance of minerals before and after combustion. The resulting simplified particle size distribution of mass fraction of KPU: AVRA shows good agreement with experimental results of Kentucky #9 coal because of having a larger amount of included minerals of KPU coal. The model for blended coal mineral redistribution before and after combustion will be developed for the HGI difference between highest and lowest HGI of coals arranged in ascending order becomes greater than five and validated by minerals mass balance before and after combustion. This modeling will be used to predict number of mineral particles and its sizes that is a key parameter as to predict the problems like fouling and slagging and the related reduction of boiler efficiency. The results from this study will be further carried out to investigate ash deposition rates in post-boiler heat exchangers.
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Narushima, Yuki, Yutaka Abe, Akiko Kaneko, Tetsuya Kanagawa, and Hiroyuki Yoshida. "Development of Numerical Simulation for Jet Break Up Behavior in Complicated Structure of BWR Lower Plenum (7) Measurement of Fragment Diameter by Image Processing Technique." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60623.

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In order to decommission nuclear reactors and to improve the safety of BWR, it is important to estimate the falling behavior of molten core jet in the reactor vessel of BWR when an accident occurred as can be seen from Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Since the BWR lower plenum is consisted with various complicated structures, it is suggested that the jet falling behavior is affected by these structures. Thus we are developing the numerical simulation method to estimate the molten core falling behavior in BWR. To verify the code for the case of the BWR core melt accident, it is necessary to obtain the experimental data and validate the code by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of these structures on behavior of jet breakup and fragmentation, and to construct the benchmarks of the numerical simulation experimentally. We used molten core simulant material and simulate the molten core falling behavior, focusing on the hydrodynamic behavior. The 1/10 planar type test section simulated the arrangement of complicated structures in the BWR lower plenum is used. Jet injection experiments were conducted under some conditions that experimental parameters were flow rate and nozzle diameter. To clarify the influence of complicated structures on the jet behavior, experiments were performed in the conditions with and without structures. Jet falling behaviors were recorded by a high speed video camera. The fragment diameters were measured from image by means of image processing techniques. Visual measurement is usually used to measure fragment diameter, but it will contain the arbitrariness and the amount of fragments are small. Since the outline of fragment is easy to recognize by the difference of refractive index between gas and liquid, image processing for measuring the diameters is used in gas liquid flow. On the other hand, it is difficult to recognize the interface in liquid-liquid flow. We developed the new image processing filter for detecting the outline of fragments precisely and established the image processing method including this filter. We measured about ten thousand fragments precisely and automatically. The measurement of fragment diameter was implemented by the image processing method mentioned above. The histogram of fragment diameter distribution shows that it can be fitted by the lognormal distribution in condition with and without structures. We calculated the volume median diameters in all conditions. The diameters were smaller that depended on the increasing injection velocity. Comparing between condition with and without structures, the fragment diameters became small in condition with structures than without structures. Since the velocity of tip of the jet was larger in condition with structures (Saito et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Tech, 2015), the velocity gradient between the jet and ambient fluid also would be larger. The shear force strongly acting on the interface made the diameter small.
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Chen, Huang, Yuanchao Li, and Joseph Katz. "On the Interactions of a Rotor Blade Tip Flow With Axial Casing Grooves in an Axial Compressor Near the Best Efficiency Point." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-77071.

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Previous studies have shown that axial casing grooves (ACGs) are effective in delaying the onset of stall, but degrade the performance of axial turbomachines around the best efficiency point (BEP). Our recent experimental study [1] in the JHU refractive index-matched liquid facility have examined the effects of ACGs on delaying stall of a one and half stage compressor. The semicircular ACGs based on Müller et al. [2] reduce the stall flow rate by 40% with a slight decrease in pressure rise at higher flow rates. Stereo-PIV (SPIV) measurements at a flow rate corresponding to the pre-stall condition of the untreated machine have identified three flow features that contribute to the delay in stall. Efficiency measurements conducted as part of the present study show that the ACGs cause a 2.4% peak efficiency loss. They are followed by detailed characterizations of the impact of the ACGs on the flow structure and turbulence in the tip region at high flow rates away from stall. Comparisons with the flow structure without casing grooves and at low flow rate are aimed at exploring relevant flow features that might be associated with the reduced efficiency. The SPIV measurements in several meridional and radial planes show that the periodic inflow into the groove peaks when the rotor blade pressure side (PS) overlaps with the downstream end of the groove, but diminishes when this end faces the blade suction side (SS). The inflow velocity magnitude is substantially lower than that occurring at a flow rate corresponding to the pre-stall conditions of the untreated machine. Yet, entrainment of the PS boundary layer and its vorticity during the inflow phase generates counter-rotating radial vortices at the entrance to the groove, and a “discontinuity” in the appearance of the tip leakage vortex (TLV). While being exposed to the blade SS, the backward tip leakage flow causes flow separation and formation of a counter-rotating vortex at the downstream corner of the groove, which migrates towards the passage with increasing flow rate. Interactions of this corner vortex with the TLV cause fragmentation of the latter, creating a broad area with secondary flows and elevated turbulence level. Consequently, the vorticity shed from the blade tip remains scattered from the groove corner to the blade tip long after the blade clears this groove. The turbulence peaks around the corner vortex, the TLV, and the shear layer connecting it to the SS corner. During periods of inflow, there is a weak outflow from the upstream end of the groove. At other phases, most of the high secondary flows are confined to the downstream corner, leaving only weak internal circulation in the rest of the groove, but with a growing shear layer with elevated (but weak) turbulence originating from the upstream corner. Compared to a smooth endwall, the groove also increases the flow angle near the blade tip leading edge (LE) and varies it periodically. Accordingly, the magnitude of circulation shed from the blade tip and leakage flow increase near the leading edge. The insight from these observations might guide the development of ACGs that take advantage of the effective stall suppression by the ACGs but alleviate the adverse effects at high flowrates.
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Reports on the topic "Fragmentation index"

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Svynarenko, Radion, Theresa L. Profant, and Lisa C. Lindley. Effectiveness of concurrent care to improve pediatric and family outcomes at the end of life: An analytic codebook. Pediatric End-of-Life (PedEOL) Care Research Group, College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/m5fbbq.

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Implementation of the section 2302 of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) enabled children enrolled in Medicaid/Children's Health Insurance Program with a prognosis of 6 months to live to use hospice care while continuing treatment for their terminal illness. Although concurrent hospice care became available more than a decade ago, little is known about the socio-demographic and health characteristics of children who received concurrent care; health care services they received while enrolled in concurrent care, their continuity, management, intensity, fragmentation; and the costs of care. The purpose of this study was to answer these questions using national data from the Centers of Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which covered the first three years of ACA – from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013.The database included records of 18,152 children younger than the age of 20, who were enrolled in Medicaid hospice care in the sampling time frame. Children in the database also had a total number of 42,764 hospice episodes. Observations were excluded if the date of birth or death was missing or participants were older than 21 years. To create this database CMS data were merged with three other complementary databases: the National Death Index (NDI) that provided information on death certificates of children; the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey that provided information on characteristics of communities where children resided; CMS Hospice Provider of Services files and CMS Hospice Utilization and Payment files were used for data on hospice providers, and with a database of rural areas created by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). In total, 130 variables were created, measuring demographics and health characteristics of children, characteristics of health providers, community characteristics, clinical characteristics, costs of care, and other variables.
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