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1
Lin, Fang-yee. "'Islands' in an island: multiscale effects of forest fragmentation on lowland forest birds in Taiwan." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50986.
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Intensive agricultural developments and increasing human population has caused severe lowland-forest loss and fragmentation in the western coastal plain in Taiwan over the past centuries. The goal of this study is to explore the multiscale impacts of forest fragmentation on species richness and community composition of lowland-forest birds in Taiwan. At a regional scale, Island Biogeography Theory was applied to examine area and isolation effects on species richness of lowland-forest birds using bird data derived from Breeding Bird Survey Taiwan in 2009 and 2010. I also investigate the differential responses of two functional groups (forest specialists and generalists) to area and isolation effects Furthermore, I examine the relative influences of environmental variables at regional, landscape and local scales on avian community indices and composition in northern Taiwan with a hierarchical multiscale approach. Finally, species vulnerable to forest fragmentation and the ecological traits associated with specie vulnerability to forest fragmentation were identified.Only forest specialist species responded to the regional-scale area and isolation effects. The species richness of forest specialists increased with the size of forest islands, and the community similarity of forest specialist species declined with increasing the distance from the sources of immigrants. Structurally isolated forests may not function as real habitat patches from the view of forest generalists because of their flexibility in utilizing the non-forest matrix. After accounting for the influences of environmental variables at other spatial scales, the regional-scale isolation effect still played a key role in determining avian community composition based on the
presence/absence data set. But local-scale forest condition also explained a considerable amount of variability in the presence/absence data set. The regional-scale isolation effect, however, didn\'t show significant influences on community composition based on the abundance data set. In contrast, the landscape-scale variables explained the largest amount of variability in the abundance data set at the entire community level. There were six bird species (Parus varius, Dicrurus aeneus, Treron sieboldii, Pericrocotu solaris, Erporniszan tholeuca and Alcippe brunnea) whose occurrence and abundance were both vulnerable to forest fragmentation. Habitat specialization was the ecological traits most strongly associated with their vulnerability
Ph. D.
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Nymo, Kaitlin. "Correlation between Fertilization, Cleavage and Pregnancy Rate with Sperm DNA-Fragmentation Index (DFI)." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9204.
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The chromatin integrity in sperm cells is vital for successful pregnancy. In this
study DNA-damage was evaluated in sperm cells from 50 men attending In Vitro Fertilization
(IVF) or Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) treatment. Male semen samples were
purified with a two-shift gradient before the sperm cells were treated with the Halosperm® Test
Kit and evaluated for DNA-damage. The samples were divided in two groups according to DNAFragmentation
Index (DFI) of 30 % and the results correlated with fertilization, cleavage and
pregnancy rate. Men with DFI ≥ 30 % had a higher fertilization and pregnancy rate and a lower
cleavage rate compared to men with DFI ≤ 30 %. The conclusions were that fertilization in vitro
may be independent of the degree of DNA-damage, the embryonic development could be
seriously disrupted by damaged sperm cells, and the pregnancy rate showed no correlation to a
DFI threshold of 30 %.
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Bluestone, Peter S. "Government Fragmentation and the Attainment of Regional Environmental Quality." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/44.
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This dissertation investigates whether higher levels of “governmental fragmentation” in metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) leads to worse environmental outcomes. Fragmentation refers to the number of local governments in a given region or MSA as defined by the census. This research contributes to two bodies of literature, that of environmental federalism and that of urban growth and local government form. In the area of environmental federalism this dissertation extends the collective action model to include local governments. An empirical framework is developed that includes cross-sectional and panel data. In the urban growth and local government form literature, this dissertation comprehensively tests many existing measures of local government fragmentation within an environmental policy framework. It also modifies and extends some of the fragmentation variables. The results suggest that local government fragmentation does hinder MSAs from attaining the ozone standard. This dissertation extends the literature by examining the effect that local government fragmentation has on regional environmental quality. Six local government structure variables, jurisdiction count, special district dominance, central city dominance, county primacy, central city growth, and metropolitan power diffusion index are comprehensively tested to determine which might affect regional environmental quality. In addition, this research extends the use of the computationally complex measure of metropolitan power diffusion index to include additional local government expenditures as well as additional years of panel data. Two empirical estimation strategies were implemented, a cross-sectional approach and a panel data approach. The cross-sectional approach estimates the effects that long-term changes in local government structure have on attaining the ozone standard by measuring differences across MSAs. The panel data model’s primary purpose was that of a robustness check on the cross-sectional results. Three of the six tested fragmentation variables were found to have statistically significant effects on MSA attainment of the ozone standard in the cross-sectional model. Higher levels of metropolitan power diffusion index and jurisdiction count were found to hinder attainment of the ozone standard, while greater values of central city growth aided in reaching the attainment standard. Generally, the panel data results’ supported the results from the cross-sectional models. In addition, the panel model resolved some important estimation issues. Metropolitan power diffusion index was found to be correlated with unobservables in the random effects model, indicating that the cross-sectional results for metropolitan power diffusion index may be biased as well. This was not an issue for the variable jurisdiction count. Metropolitan power diffusion index and jurisdiction count are highly correlated with each other and this relationship was used to estimate a reasonable range for the effect metropolitan power diffusion index might have on the attainment of the ozone standard.
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Sundqvist, Patrik, and Lisa Andersson. "A study of the impacts of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Northern Vietnam." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7623.
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This study examines the relationship between land fragmentation and agricultural productivity in Vietnam, as well as the outcomes of land consolidation programs on productivity. Data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey 2004 and data on the land consolidation process was used for the regression analysis. The results show weak correlations between fragmentation and productivity. Land fragmentation seems to be positively correlated to productivity due to more use of fertilizers and labour input. The communes that have consolidated their land are more productive, but this seems to be explained by initial differences in productivity. Our results suggest that there are no immidiate gains in land consolidation.
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Bellatreche, Ladjel. "Utilisation des vues materialisees, des index et de la fragmentation dans la conception logique et physique d'un entrepot de donnees." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF22255.
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Un entrepot de donnees est une collection de donnees orientees sujet, integrees, non volatiles et historisees, organisees pour supporter un processus d'aide a la decision. Typiquement ce processus est mene par l'intermediaire de requetes de type olap (on-line analytical processing). Ces requetes sont generalement complexes car elles contiennent de nombreuses operations de jointure et de regroupement et induisent des temps de reponse tres eleves. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux s'interessent a diverses techniques d'amelioration des performances des entrepots de donnees pour favoriser au mieux les requetes. Ils interpellent deux niveaux de la conception des entrepots : le niveau logique et le niveau physique. Au niveau logique, nous suggerons une methodologie de fragmentation des structures de donnees de l'entrepot. Au niveau physique, nous nous interessons (1) a la definition et a la selection d'index de jointure en presence des vues materialisees et (2) a la distribution de l'espace disque entre les vues materialisees et les index. En ce qui concerne l'indexation, nous proposons une nouvelle technique d'indexation de jointure appelee index de graphe de jointure. Ce type d'index est specifique aux entrepots de type rolap (relational olap). Ils peuvent etre utilises sur les vues, les tables de dimensions et la table des faits. Ils permettent de reduire considerablement le cout d'execution des requetes. Une strategie d'execution des requetes en presence des index de graphe de jointure est decrite, et un modele de cout evaluant le cout d'execution d'un ensemble de requetes est developpe. Nous formulons ensuite le probleme de selection d'index de jointure en presence d'une contrainte d'espace disque et nous proposons trois algorithmes de resolution optimaux ou quasi-optimaux (un algorithme exhaustif et deux algorithmes gloutons). Le probleme de la distribution de l'espace disque entre les vues materialisees et les index a ete pose assez recemment et peu de travaux l'ont interpelle. Dans ce memoire, nous formulons ce probleme dans le cas statique (ou tous les parametres de l'entrepot sont connus a priori) et dans le cas dynamique (certains des parametres de l'entrepot doivent etre reevalues apres les operations de mises a jour) et nous proposons un algorithme approche de resolution base sur l'interaction entre deux agents, l'un operant pour le compte des vues et l'autre pour le compte des index. L'interet de la fragmentation est bien connu dans les bases de donnees relationnelles. Pour les entrepots, nous justifions que la fragmentation horizontale apparait plus specialement appropriee et nous proposons une methodologie de fragmentation horizontale pour decomposer un schema d'entrepot en etoile. Nous montrons ensuite que les algorithmes de fragmentation bases uniquement sur les frequences d'acces des requetes ne sont pas les plus interessants. Nous suggerons deux nouveaux types d'algorithmes. Le premier type est dirige par les affinites entre predicats et le deuxieme est dirige par un modele de cout. Pour cette derniere categorie nous comparons un algorithme exhaustif recensant tous les schemas de fragmentation et un algorithme approximatif.
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Žakevičius, Martynas. "Sleep and the sense of rest: relation between sleep fragmentation and subjective sleep quality." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121001_093350-31580.
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Sleep disorders are one of the most common medical complaints today. There is a growing interest in sleep medicine, attitude of doctors and society is changing and knowledge about sleep and its disorders is increasing. One of the most tedious and understudied sleep problems is non-restorative sleep.
Researchers are still debating about what determines persons rest sense after the sleep. A lot of attention recently is paid for sleep integrity and a role of sleep fragmentation for the rest sense. It is thought that sleep fragmentation with short arousals could have effect on the sleeps restorative function.
The aim of our study was to analyze sleep structure and sleep quality through sleep cycles, phases and stages and to evaluate structure’s relationship with subjective sense of rest after the sleep without paying attention to the type of insomnia. We have analysed three types of arousals (behavioural, vegetative and microarousals) and their dynamics during the night, in different sleep cycles and stages. Subjective sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
Work results showed that for the subjective sense of rest after the sleep it is more important the stability of sleep in the initial than in the last sleep cycles. Sleep stage and arousal type regardless of sleep cycle are significant factors for the arousal index values and that increase of all arousal indices in NREM 2 stage (especially increase of microarousal index) has strongest impact for... [to full text]Miego sutrikimai yra vienas labiausiai paplitusių nūdienos medicininių nusiskundimų. Paskutiniu metu miego medicina domimasi vis labiau, keičiasi gydytojų ir visuomenės supratimas apie miegą, jo sutrikimus, ligas ir negalavimus, susijusius su miegu. Vienas iš svarbesnių ir labai varginančių sutrikimų yra miegas be poilsio jausmo. Mokslininkai iki šiol diskutuoja, kas lemia poilsio jausmą po miego. Pastaruoju metu nemažai dėmesio skiriama miego vientisumo ir suskaldymo reikšmės poilsio jausmui tyrimams. Manoma, kad miego fragmentacija – miego suskaidymas dažnais trumpais nubudimais – mažina jo atstatomąją vertę, ypač smegenims. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išnagrinėti miego struktūrą ir kokybę per miego ciklus, fazes ir stadijas bei įvertinti miego struktūros ryšį su poilsio jausmu po miego nepriklausomai nuo nemigos tipo. Buvo nagrinėjami trijų tipų – elgesiniai, vegetaciniai ir žieviniai mikro – nubudimai ir jų dinamika nakties metu, skirtinguose miego cikluose ir stadijose. Subjektyviai vertinama miego kokybė buvo analizuojama pasitelkus Pitsburgo miego kokybės indeksą. Darbo rezultatai parodė, kad miego stabilumas nakties pradžioje turi didesnę įtaką subjektyviam miego kokybės jausmui negu miegas nakties pabaigoje. Nubudimų indekso dydžiui reikšmingos įtakos turi miego stadija ir nubudimo tipas, nepriklausomai nuo miego ciklo, o didžiausią įtaką poilsio jausmui turi visų tipų nubudimų, ypač žievinių mikronubudimų, indeksų padidėjimas antroje lėtojo miego stadijoje.
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Magidi, James Takawira. "Spatio-temporal dynamics in land use and habit fragmentation in Sandveld, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7886_1297841126.
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This research assessed landuse changes and trends in vegetation cover in the Sandveld, using remote sensing images. Landsat TM satellite images of 1990, 2004 and 2007 were classified using the maximum likelihood classifier into seven landuse classes, namely water, agriculture, fire patches, natural vegetation, wetlands, disturbed veld, and open sands. Change detection using remote sensing algorithms and landscape metrics was performed on these multi-temporal landuse maps using the Land Change Modeller and Patch Analyst respectively. Markov stochastic modelling techniques were used to predict future scenarios in landuse change based on the classified images and their transitional probabilities. MODIS NDVI multi-temporal datasets with a 16day temporal resolution were used to assess seasonal and annual trends in vegetation cover using time series analysis (PCA and time profiling).Results indicated that natural vegetation decreased from 46% to 31% of the total landscape between 1990 and 2007 and these biodiversity losses were attributed to an increasing agriculture footprint. Predicted future scenario based on transitional probabilities revealed a continual loss in natural habitat and increase in the agricultural footprint. Time series analysis results (principal components and temporal profiles) suggested that the landscape has a high degree of overall dynamic change with pronounced inter and intra-annual changes and there was an overall increase in greenness associated with increase in agricultural activity. The study concluded that without future conservation interventions natural habitats would continue to disappear, a condition that will impact heavily on biodiversity and significant waterdependent ecosystems such as wetlands. This has significant implications for the long-term provision of water from ground water reserves and for the overall sustainability of current agricultural practices.
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Hadlich, Janaina Conte 1976. "Metodologias de análise de maciez como parâmetro de qualidade de carne de bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos e idades /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95323.
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Orientador: Luis Arthur Loyola CharduloBanca: Antonio Carlos Silveira
Banca: Albino Luchiari Filho
Resumo: O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Confinamento de Gado de Corte da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia e no Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituto de Biociências. Foram utilizados animais da raça Nelore, mestiços u Aberdeen X Nelore e mestiços u Simental X Nelore, abatidos com idade entre 12 e 15 meses conforme estabelecido pelo modelo biológico superprecoce. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi análise de componentes da maciez de novilhos superprecoces de grupos genéticos distintos. Não foi verificada diferença estatística (p>0,01) entre os grupos genéticos para a força de cisalhamento, Índice de Fragmentação Miofibrilar (MFI) e frações do colágeno, entretanto houve influência (p<0,01) do período postmortem, exceto para o colágeno. A carne de animais abatidos entre 12 e 15 meses de idade apresenta atributos de qualidade independente do grupo genético utilizado e com sete dias de maturação todos os animais apresentaram carne com grau de maciez desejável.
Abstract: The experiment was accomplished in the Section of Feedlot of cattle of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia and in the Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituito de Biociências. Nelore breed, u Aberdeen X Nelore crossbreed and u Simental X Nelore crossbreed were used and slaughtered accordingly with the brazilian system called "superprecoce". The experiment was accomplished in a completely randomized design. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of tenderness components of "superprecoce" of different genetic groups. There was no statistics difference (p>0,01) between genetic groups for the shear force values, Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index (MFI) and collagen, however there was influence (p<0,01) of the ageing, except for the collagen. The meat of animals slaughtered between 12 and 15 months of age showed attributes of quality independent of the genetic group and with seven days of ageing all animals had a desirable tenderness.
Mestre
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Rodríguez, Cortés Luisa. "La fragmentación de lo público en la ciudad: organización socioespacial, marco institucional y sociabilidad urbana." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115269.
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The configuration of cities has invariably impacted the production of public dimension, both in its institutional meaning where the central axis is constituted by the State, as in its relational and spatial aspects. Given this scenario, it is pertinent to question how the public dimension is configured within the framework of today’s cities? This article aims to contribute answering this question by examining three dimensions that are basic in the public dimension of the cities: socio-spatial organizationinstitutional framework and urban sociability. For this, a theoretical review is made, taking as reference the case of Mexico City, with the aim of shedding light on the processes that mark the limits and contents of what we define as public. As a conclusion, it is argued that the public dimension is highly fragmented, as a result of the way the urban order is structured, the focused and unlinked actions from the governments and the limitations and difficulties for the encounter and dialogue between different.
La configuración de las ciudades ha impactado invariablemente en la producción del ámbito público, tanto en su acepción institucional donde el eje central lo constituye el Estado, como en sus dimensiones relacional y espacial. Ante este escenario, es pertinente preguntarse cómo se configura la dimensión pública en el marco de las ciudades actuales. El presente artículo se propone contribuir a responder esta pregunta a partir de examinar tres dimensiones que son fundamentales en la dimensión pública en la ciudad: la organización socioespacial
el marco institucional y la sociabilidad urbana.Para esto, se realiza una revisión de carácter teórico, teniendo como referencia el caso de la Ciudad de México, con el objetivo de dar luz sobre los procesos que marcan los límites y contenidos de lo que definimos como público. Como conclusión se argumenta que la dimensión pública en la ciudad se encuentra altamente fragmentada, producto de la forma como se estructura el orden urbano, las acciones focalizadas y desvinculadas de los gobiernos y los limitantes y dificultades para el encuentro y diálogo entre diferentes.
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Semel, Brandon Pierce. "Factors affecting golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli) densities and strategies for their conservation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102781.
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Habitat degradation and hunting pose the most proximate threats to many primate species, while climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats (habitat and climate change combined henceforth as "global change") and present new challenges. Madagascar's lemurs are earth's most endangered primates, placing added urgency to their conservation in the face of global change. My dissertation focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka") which is endemic to fragmented forests across a gradient of dry, moderate, and wet forest types in northeastern Madagascar. I surveyed sifakas across their global range and investigated factors affecting their densities. I explored sifaka diets across different forest types and evaluated if nutritional factors influenced sifaka densities. Lastly, I investigated sifaka range-wide genetic diversity and conducted a connectivity analysis to prioritize corridor-restoration and other potential conservation efforts. Sifaka densities varied widely across forest fragments (6.8 (SE = 2.0-22.8) to 78.1 (SE = 53.1-114.8) sifakas/km2) and populations have declined by as much as 30-43% in 10 years, from ~18,000 to 10,222-12,631 individuals (95% CI: 8,230-15,966). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the wet season, and Simpson's diversity index (1-D) predicted sifaka densities range-wide. Sifakas consumed over 101 plant species and spent 27.1% of their active time feeding on buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and young and mature leaves. Feeding effort and plant part consumption varied by season, forest type, and sex. Minerals in sifaka food items (Mg (β = 0.62, SE = 0.19) and K (β = 0.58, SE = 0.20)) and wet season NDVI (β = 0.43, SE = 0.20) predicted sifaka densities. Genetic measures across forest fragments indicated that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated (moderate FIS values: mean = 0.27, range = 0.11-0.60; high M-ratios: mean = 0.59, range = 0.49-0.82; low overall effective population size: Ne = 139.8-144 sifakas). FST comparisons between fragments (mean = 0.12, range = 0.01-0.30) supported previous findings that sifakas still moved across the fragmented landscape. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I identified critical corridors that conservation managers could protect and/or expand via active reforestation to ensure the continued existence of this critically-endangered lemur.Doctor of Philosophy
Worldwide, many species of primates are threatened with extinction due to habitat degradation, hunting, and climate change (habitat and climate combined threats, henceforth, "global change"). These threats work at different time scales, with hunting being the most immediate and climate change likely to have its fullest impact experienced from the present to a longer time frame. Lemurs are a type of primate found only on Madagascar, an island experiencing rapid global change, which puts lemurs at a heighted risk of extinction. My dissertation research focused on the critically endangered golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli; hereafter, "sifaka"), a species of lemur found only in a few isolated forests across a dry to wet gradient in northeastern Madagascar. To better understand their extinction risk, I conducted surveys to estimate the number of sifakas remaining and investigated several factors that might determine how many sifakas can live in one place. I then explored how sifaka diets varied depending on the forest type that they inhabit and tested whether nutrients in their food might determine sifaka numbers. Lastly, I calculated sifaka genetic diversity to assess their ability to adapt to new environmental conditions and to determine whether sifakas can move across the landscape to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas of habitat. Sifaka densities varied widely across their range (6.8-78.1 sifakas/km2 ). Only 10,222-12,631 sifakas remain, which is 30-43% less than the range of estimates obtained 10 years ago (~18,000 sifakas). Tree cutting, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; a measure of plant health or "greenness" obtained from satellite data), and a tree species diversity index were useful measures to predict sifaka densities. Sifakas ate different plant parts (buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, and leaves) from over 101 plant species. The amount of time they spent eating each day varied by the time of year, forest type, and sex. On average, they spent a quarter of their day eating. Magnesium and potassium concentrations in sifaka food items also were useful nutrition-related measures to predict sifaka densities. Genetic analyses suggested that sifaka populations are becoming more isolated and inbred, meaning sifakas are breeding with other sifakas to which they are closely related. However, it appears that sifakas still can move between forest patches to find new mates and to potentially colonize new areas, if such areas are created. Further validation of these genetic results is needed. I also identified critical areas that will be important to protect and reforest to ensure that movements between populations can continue.
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Silva, Eliane Bonifácio. "Proteólise miofibrilar e maciez da carne de bovinos (Bos indicus) submetidos a diferentes técnicas pós-morte de resfriamento das carcaças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-17042006-145830/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a posição da suspensão de carcaças durante o período de resfriamento, no primeiro experimento lados alternados de dez animais Nelores machos castrados, foram suspensos pelo método tradicional (Tendão de Aquiles) ou dispostos horizontalmente em pallets, no segundo experimento lados alternados de 16 animais machos castrados e 16 fêmeas foram suspensos pelo método tradicional (Tendão de Aquiles) ou pelo músculo Carpo Radial. Amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi na 12ª costela foram coletadas de todos os lados (42 lados esquerdos e 42 lados direitos) após o período de 24 horas de resfriamento, estas amostras foram embaladas a vácuo e maturadas por sete dias antes de serem congeladas e armazenadas até a realização das analises de força de cisalhamento, perdas de água por cocção e índice de fragmentação miofibrilar (MFI). Para a primeira experiência nenhuma diferença foi observada para espessura de gordura subcutânea, perdas de água por cocção, força de cisalhamento e MFI.Na segunda experiência não houve diferença para espessura de gordura entre os tratamentos, mas as fêmeas apresentavam maior espessura que os machos. Para perdas de água por cocção e força de cisalhamento não houve diferença, mas observando o MFI existe diferença entre os machos e fêmeas e também entre os métodos de pendura. A média de MFI para o tratamento de suspensão pelo Carpo Radial foi maior do que a suspensão pelo tendão de Aquiles.The objective of this work was to evaluate the carcass hanging position during the chilling period in which 1st experiment: alternate sides of ten Nellore steers were hang either by the traditional way (Achilles tendon) or placed horizontally over pallets or 2nd experiment: alternate sides of 16 Nellore steers and 16 Nellore heifers were hang either by the Achilles tendon or by the Carpus radial muscle of the forequarter. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples at the 12th rib level were removed from all sides (42 left and 42 right sides) after a 24 hr chilling period, vacuum packaged and aged for 7 days before being frozen and kept for future analysis of shear force, cooking losses and Myofibril fragmentation index (MFI). For the first experiment no differences were observed for fat thickness, cooking losses, shear force and MFI. In the second experiment there was not differences for fat thickness between treatments but heifers showed a thicker fat layer than steers. For cooking losses and shear force there was not differences although for the MFI and hanging position between heifers and steers were observed. The MFI average of the treatment hang by the Carpus radial muscle were higher than the treatment hang by the Achilles tendon.
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Roberts, Sushma Topiwala. "Fragmentation and disorganization in trauma narratives : an examination of the modality of disclosure /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2005. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1324365051&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1193772911&clientId=22256.
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Hau, Alexandra. "Persistence of bipartidism in Valle del Cauca 1992- 1995." Politai, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91920.
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This paper analyzes the persistence of bipartidism in Valle del Cauca (Colombia), from the results of the local council elections in the 42 districts of the department, between 1992 and 2015. In order to explain this electoral phenomenon, a classic institutional variable such as the magnitude of the district (MD) is used.Using panel data on a random effects model, this paper seeks to assess the existence of a causal relation between MD and the fragmentation of the party system. Then, it shows in which districts, of specific magnitude, the persistence was stronger. In other words, in which districts the transition process to a multiparty system takes longer and what are the key moments during this process.To analyze the persistence of bipartidism the segmented Nagayama Triangle (Nagayama, 1997; Grofman, Chiaramonte, D’Alimonte & Feld, 2004) is used, which reveals information about the nature of party competition. Results show that in Valle del Cauca the year 2000 represented the key moment in the transition from a two party system to a multiparty one.On synthesis, this paper explains the transition of the numeric format of the party system under a temporal perspective and it shows the difference on the speed of this changes, for districts of different magnitude. The results show that districts of bigger magnitude migrate faster from a two party logic to a format with a larger number of competitors (a multiparty one); in contrast to the districts of smaller magnitude.El presente trabajo analiza la persistencia del bipartidismo en el departamento del Valle del Cauca (Colombia), a partir de los resultados electorales de los 42 Concejos municipales pertenecientes a él, entre 1992 y 2015. Para lograr nuestro objetivo, se utiliza una variable institucional clásica como es la magnitud de los distritos (MD).Mediante la utilización de datos de panel en un modelo de efectos aleatorios, se pretende evaluar la existencia de una relación causal entre MD y el nivel de fragmentación. Posteriormente se revisará en qué municipios (y en qué magnitud) existe una mayor persistencia de este fenómeno; es decir, en cuáles tarda más el proceso de descongelamiento del sistema de partidos y cuáles son los momentos clave de la transición de un sistema predominantemente bipartidista a uno multipartidista.Para analizar la persistencia del bipartidismo, se utilizó como herramienta gráfica el Triángulo segmentado de Nagayama (Nagayama 1997; Grofman, Chiaramonte, D’Alimonte y Feld 2004), que revela visualmente información sobre la naturaleza de la competencia partidista. Se encontró que, para el caso de este departamento, el año 2000 representó el momento clave de la transición hacia un sistema de partidos competitivo.En síntesis, el trabajo explica el tránsito del formato numérico del sistema bajo una perspectiva temporal, y muestra las diferencias en la velocidad de los cambios para los distritos con distintas magnitudes. Los hallazgos muestran que los municipios de mayor magnitud migran más rápidamente desde distritos con dominio bipartidista hacia distritos con mayor número de contendientes (es decir multipartidistas), en contraste a lo que ocurre con aquellos de menor magnitud.
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Hadlich, Janaina Conte [UNESP]. "Metodologias de análise de maciez como parâmetro de qualidade de carne de bovinos de diferentes grupos genéticos e idades." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95323.
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hadlich_jc_me_botfmvz.pdf: 277198 bytes, checksum: 032e9607da08d48a7163bb8934baa7d2 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Confinamento de Gado de Corte da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia e no Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituto de Biociências. Foram utilizados animais da raça Nelore, mestiços u Aberdeen X Nelore e mestiços u Simental X Nelore, abatidos com idade entre 12 e 15 meses conforme estabelecido pelo modelo biológico superprecoce. O experimento foi conduzido em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi análise de componentes da maciez de novilhos superprecoces de grupos genéticos distintos. Não foi verificada diferença estatística (p>0,01) entre os grupos genéticos para a força de cisalhamento, Índice de Fragmentação Miofibrilar (MFI) e frações do colágeno, entretanto houve influência (p<0,01) do período postmortem, exceto para o colágeno. A carne de animais abatidos entre 12 e 15 meses de idade apresenta atributos de qualidade independente do grupo genético utilizado e com sete dias de maturação todos os animais apresentaram carne com grau de maciez desejável.
The experiment was accomplished in the Section of Feedlot of cattle of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia and in the Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas do Instituito de Biociências. Nelore breed, u Aberdeen X Nelore crossbreed and u Simental X Nelore crossbreed were used and slaughtered accordingly with the brazilian system called superprecoce. The experiment was accomplished in a completely randomized design. The objective of the present study was the evaluation of tenderness components of superprecoce of different genetic groups. There was no statistics difference (p>0,01) between genetic groups for the shear force values, Myofibrillar Fragmentation Index (MFI) and collagen, however there was influence (p<0,01) of the ageing, except for the collagen. The meat of animals slaughtered between 12 and 15 months of age showed attributes of quality independent of the genetic group and with seven days of ageing all animals had a desirable tenderness.
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Cuentas, Romero María Alejandra. "Analysis of the coastal fox (Lycalopex sechurae) habitat in Lambayeque region and a proposal of ecological corridors using GIS tools." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119301.
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The coastal fox or Sechura’s fox, whose scientific name is Lycalopex sechurae, is distributed among the areas of Ecuador’s northwest and the central coast of Peru. There is still little information about the biology of coastal fox and its role in ecosystems that are part of its habitat. Today the coastal fox habitat is under a state of fragmentation by human intervention. In this research, synthesized information about biological, ecological and geographical distribution of coastal fox is presented; with the status of threat and persecution, so conservation strategies are required, and this research focused on propose ecological corridors. The Corridor Designer, an extension of ArcGIS tools, could standardize the resolution of natural, anthropogenic, trophic and protective variables, and with those variables an habitat suitability between the ACP Chaparrí and the ACR Huacrupe La Calera was obtained, which are connected from the design of two different ecological corridors, concluding that both are functional, although the first result of corridor would become more efficient and potential to put into the practice and reality.El zorro costeño o zorro de Sechura, cuyo nombre científico es Lycalopex sechurae, se distribuye entre las zonas del noroeste de Ecuador y la costa central del Perú. Aún existe poca información sobre la biología del zorro costeño y su papel dentro de los ecosistemas que forman parte de su hábitat. En la actualidad el hábitat del zorro costeño está bajo una situación de fragmentación por la intervención antrópica. En esta investigación se presenta la información sintetizada de las características biológicas, ecológicas y distribución geográfica del zorro costeño, dentro de la cual se conoció su estado de amenaza y persecución, por lo cual se requieren estrategias de conservación, siendo el enfoque central la propuesta de corredores ecológicos. A partir de la herramienta Corridor Designer, una extensión de ArcGIS, se pudo uniformizar la resolución de las variables naturales, antrópicas, tróficas y de protección, con las cuales se obtuvo una aptitud de hábitat entre el ACP Chaparrí y el ACR Huacrupe La Calera, las que se conectaron a partir del diseño de dos diferentes corredores ecológicos, llegando a la conclusión de que ambos son funcionales, aunque el primer resultado de corredor vendría a ser más eficiente y potencial para llevarlo a la práctica y a la realidad.
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Karnes, Kyle Matthew. "The art of difference body fragmentation, physiognomy, and racism in capitalist social fromation, 1770-1860 /." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=154&did=1871874321&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270496708&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 431-452). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Tuesta, Soldevilla Fernando. "A lethal voting: preferential vote and political parties in Peru." Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91536.
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The paper analyzes the impact that preferential voting has had on elections and the party system, particularly in the case of Peru. It presents, in the first place, the issue of preferential voting as an element of the electoral system. Then, it continues with the study of the particular case of Peru, in which it indicates its origin, the mechanics it follows, the impact on the Parliament and its evaluation.El artículo busca analizar el impacto que tiene y ha tenido el voto preferencial sobre los procesos electorales y el sistema de partidos, de manera particular en el caso peruano. Presenta en primera instancia, el tema del voto preferencial como elemento del sistema electoral, para continuar con su estudio en el caso particular de Perú en donde señala su origen, la mecánica que sigue, el impacto en el parlamento y su evaluación.
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Silva, Marcos Vinícius Alexandre da. "Análise da paisagem das bacias hidrográficas na região metropolitana de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7594.
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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T11:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marcos Vinícius Alexandre da Silva - 2012.pdf: 4033328 bytes, checksum: 50007c523eaeef9f65c5fe6de098a9fd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-03
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The knowledge of different types of land use provides the creation of parameters for the promotion of urban and environmental planning and territorial reorganization, either by county or watershed, being able to be performed through indexes. The aim of this assignment was to scale the landscape in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia - RMG, using an index of fragmentation of natural habitats, ranging from minimal to strong fragmentation. The index, which suffered adjustments, was used to assess the landscape metrics, which initially held up an exploratory analysis of soil cover. Therefore, the mapping of the elements that characterize the landscape and permanent preservation areas in relation to current legislation was performed, through the ResourceSat-1 satellite images and altimetry data. In the region, were verified 81% of urban area and 19% of rural area, being inversely proportional to the number of inhabitants of areas. Watersheds of eminently urban use were found with up to 73.65% in urban areas and with a maximum of 41.18% of the area covered by native vegetation. The region with the most impacted watersheds, and their permanent preservation areas occupied mostly by agriculture, livestock or urban area is the northwest, mainly due to the process of conurbation in the municipalities of Goiânia, Trindade and Goianira. The use of geoprocessing and statistical analyzes provided the realization of spatial configuration use pattern and land use in the metropolitan area of Goiânia, using the Steenmans and Pinborg index. Through this assignment, the degree of connectivity and fragmentation of native vegetation remaining was verified, portraying the landscape of the region. The category average fragmentation had the largest representation with 39.12% of the area at RMG, followed by little with 33.17%, minimal with 4.19%, moderate with 0,4% and strong with 0.03%. Besides these were identified polygons without significant remnant native vegetation, representing approximately 23.09% of the territory.
O conhecimento dos diferentes tipos de uso do solo propicia criar parâmetros para a promoção do planejamento urbano e ambiental e no reordenamento territorial, seja por município ou bacia hidrográfica, podendo ser realizada por meio de índices. O objetivo deste trabalho foi dimensionar a paisagem na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia – RMG, utilizando um índice de fragmentação de habitats naturais, que varia de mínima a forte fragmentação. O índice, que sofreu adaptações, foi utilizado para aferir as métricas da paisagem, onde inicialmente procedeu-se uma análise exploratória da cobertura do solo. Para tanto, foi realizado o mapeamento dos elementos que caracterizam a paisagem e das áreas de preservação permanente em relação à legislação vigente, por meio das imagens do satélite Resourcesat-1 e dos dados altimétricos. Na região verificou-se 81% de área urbana e 19% de área rural, sendo inversamente proporcional a quantidade de habitantes das áreas. Foram encontradas bacias hidrográficas de uso eminentemente urbano com até 73,65 % em área urbana e bacias com no máximo 41,18 % de área coberta pela vegetação nativa. A região que possui as bacias mais impactadas, tendo suas áreas de preservação permanente ocupadas majoritariamente pela agricultura, pecuária ou mancha urbana é a noroeste, justificada principalmente pelo processo de conurbação nos municípios de Goiânia, Trindade e Goianira. O uso do geoprocessamento e das análises estatísticas proporcionou a realização da configuração espacial do padrão de uso e ocupação do solo na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, utilizando o índice de Steenmans e Pinborg. Por meio deste, verificou-se o grau de conectividade e fragmentação de áreas de vegetação nativa remanescente, retratando a paisagem da região. A categoria média fragmentação teve a maior representatividade com 39,12% de área na RMG, seguida pela pouco com 33,17%, mínima com 4,19%, moderada com 0,4% e forte com 0,03%. Além destes foi identificado polígonos sem vegetação nativa remanescente significante, representando aproximadamente 23,09% do território.
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DeLeonardis, Lisa. "The substance and context of Paracas ceramic ritual offerings." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113371.
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The Paracas (900 BC-AD 1) of south coastal Peru are widely recognized for ceramics bearing patterned designs created fromincised clay that was often post-fire painted. Analyses of containers, effigies, figurines and musical instruments recovered intactin tombs, have centered largely on temporal and iconographic concerns, and in evaluating prestige. A number of archaeologicalcontexts offer an alternative view of ceramics and their role in public and domestic spheres. In this paper, the role of ceramics inritual offerings is discussed and analyzed in tandem with the other forms and mediums they accompany. The contexts for theseofferings differ from those of funerary ritual in which whole vessels are placed with the dead. These analyses indicate that the endcycle of ceramics is diverse, that their substance is valued in whole and fragmentary form, and that their spatial orientation issignificant. Insights are offered into how ceramics as substances interact and complement other materials in offerings and howthis bears upon our interpretation of specific iconographies and design symbols and their respective meanings.Los paracas (900 a.C.-1 d.C.) son ampliamente reconocidos por su cerámica, que luce patrones de diseño que van desde la arcillaincisa hasta la pintura post cocción. El análisis de las vasijas, efigies, figurillas e instrumentos musicales intactos recuperados enlas tumbas centró durante mucho tiempo la atención en asuntos cronológicos e iconográficos, y en la evaluación del prestigio de lasmismas. Diversos contextos arqueológicos nos ofrecen una imágen alternativa de la cerámica y su significado en las esferas públicay doméstica. En este trabajo, examinaré el papel de la cerámica en ofrendas rituales y la analizaré conjuntamente con las otrasformas y medios que la acompañaban. El contexto de estas ofrendas difiere de aquellos rituales funerarios en los cuales se enterraronobjetos enteros con los muertos. El análisis indica que el ciclo terminal de la cerámica era diverso, que ella era en esencia valoradaen sus formas entera y fragmentaria, y que su orientación espacial era importante. Este artículo ofrece una nueva perspectiva decómo la cerámica, como sustancia, complementa a —e interactúa con— los restantes materiales de las ofrendas, y cómo esto se transmite en la interpretación que hacemos de iconografías y símbolos de diseño específicas, y sus significados respectivos.
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Ascensão, Fernando. "Ecologia de estradas: análise de estudos sobre a mortalidade de vertebrados por atropelamento e uso de passagens hidráulicas por vertebrados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14919.
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As estradas e tráfego automóvel são fontes de inúmeros impactes negativos nas populações animais, dos quais a mortalidade por atropelamento é um dos mais significativos. Para a avaliação deste impacte foi criado um ranking de estradas que confronta o número de observações (quantidade), com a importância para a conservação das espécies detectadas (qualidade). Por outro lado pretendeu-se avaliar a eficácia das passagens hidráulicas como estruturas minimizadoras do risco de atropelamento, servindo de ligação entre as bermas das estradas. Os resultados sugerem que a ordenação das estradas varia consoante o critério assumido: quantidade ou qualidade dos atropelamentos. Para garantir que locais onde foram detectadas espécies ameaçadas serão alvo de medidas mitigadoras, deve ser dada especial atenção ao seu estatuto de conservação. Também de acordo com os resultados obtidos, as passagens hidráulicas são usadas por várias espécies, embora com grande variabilidade, podendo ser um complemento importante em programas de mitigação dos impactes das estradas. /***Abstract - Roads and traffic are major sources of negative impacts on animal populations, of which road-kill is a most important one. By road ranking proceedings we aimed to evaluate road-kill impact, comparing road prioritization when employing a mortality index (quantity) in opposition to conservation indexes (quality). Also, we aimed to evaluate culverts as linkage points between roadsides, and this way diminish road-kill hazard. Results suggest that prioritization depended highly on the criteria used for doing it: number of specimens killed or conservation/ecological value of the species. Decisions on prioritization road sections should integrate less total number of casualties than conservation concern of species detected, in order to ensure that threaten species receive proper attention toward road-kill mitigation. Also according to results, culverts are used by several species, although high variability was detected, providing an important complement on mitigation impact programs.
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Boukhalfa, Kamel. "De la conception physique aux outils d'administration et de tuning des entrepôts de données." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410411.
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Nous visons à travers cette thèse à proposer un ensemble d'approches permettant d'optimiser les entrepôts de données et d'aider l'AED à bien mener cette optimisation. Nos approches d'optimisation reposent sur l'utilisation de trois techniques d'optimisation : la fragmentation horizontale primaire, dérivée et les index de jointure binaires (IJB). Nous commençons par proposer une approche de fragmentation qui prend en considération à la fois la performance (réduction du coût d'exécution) et la manageabilité (contrôle du nombre de fragments générés). Nous proposons ensuite une approche gloutonne de sélection d'IJB. L'utilisation séparée de la fragmentation horizontale (FH) et des IJB ne permet pas d'exploiter les similarités existantes entre ces deux techniques. Nous proposons une approche de sélection conjointe de la FH et des IJB. Cette approche peut être utilisée pour le tuning de l'entrepôt. Nous avons mené plusieurs expériences pour valider nos différentes approches. Nous proposons par la suite un outil permettant d'aider l'AED dans ses tâches de conception physique et de tuning.Mots clés : Conception physique, Tuning, Techniques d'optimisation, Fragmentation Horizontale, Index de Jointure Binaires.
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Bouchakri, Rima. "Conception physique statique et dynamique des entrepôts de données." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0012/document.
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Les entrepôts de données permettent le stockage et la consolidation, en une seule localité, d'une quantité gigantesque d'information pour être interrogée par des requêtes décisionnelles complexes dites requêtes de jointures en étoiles. Afin d'optimiser ses requêtes, plusieurs travaux emploient des techniques d'optimisations comme les index de jointure binaires et la fragmentation horizontale durant la phase de conception physique d'un entrepôt de données. Cependant, ces travaux proposent des algorithmes statiques qui sélectionnent ces techniques de manière isolée et s'intéressent à l'optimisation d'un seul objectif à savoir les performances des requêtes. Notre principale contribution dans cette thèse est de proposer une nouvelle vision de sélection des techniques d'optimisation. Notre première contribution est une sélection incrémentale qui permet de mettre à jour de manière continuelle le schéma d'optimisation implémenté sur l'ED, ce qui assure l'optimisation continuelle des requêtes décisionnelles. Notre seconde contribution est une sélection incrémentale jointe qui combine deux techniques d'optimisation pour couvrir l'optimisation d'un maximum de requêtes et respecter au mieux les contraintes d'optimisation liées à chacune de ces techniques. A l'issu de ces propositions, nous avons constaté que la sélection incrémentale engendre un coût de maintenance de l'ED. Ainsi, notre troisième proposition est une formulation et r!:solution du problème multi-objectif de sélection des techniques d'optimisation où il faut optimiser deux objectifs: la performance des requêtes et le coût de maintenance de l'EDData Warehouses store into a single location a huge amount of data. They are interrogated by complex decisional queries called star join queries. To optimize such queries, several works propose algorithms for selecting optimization techniques such as Binary Join Indexes and Horizontal Partitioning during the DW physical design. However, these works propose static algorithms, select optimization techniques in and isolated way and focus on optimizing a single objective which is the query performance. Our main contribution in this thesis is to propose a new vision of optimization techniques selection. Our first contribution is an incremental selection that updates continuously the optimization scheme implemented on the DW, to ensure the continual optimization of queries. To deal with queries complexity increase, our second contribution is a join incremental selection of two optimization techniques which covers the optimization of a maximum number or queries and respects the optimization constraints. Finally, we note that the incremental selection generates a maintenance cost to update the optimization schemes. Thus, our third prop05ilion is to formulate and resolve a multi-objective selection problem or optimization techniques where we have two objectives to optimize : queries performance and maintenance cost of the DW
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Randall, Jennifer. "Fractures de l'histoire post-Partition dans les romans féminins issus du sous-continent indien." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080145.
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La Partition de l’Inde (1947) et la Guerre de libération du Bangladesh (1971) sont deux moments de transition qui exposent la violence de constructions nationales post-coloniales. Les actes perpétrés sur une base ethno-religieuse ont donné lieu à des récits privés pourtant occultés au profit de récits nationaux hégémoniques auto-légitimants. Ces récits attestent tout particulièrement de l’instrumentalisation de figures et de corps de femmes comme lieu de marquage de conflits communautaires. Face au silence imposé par les divers appareils d’État patriarcaux, trois générations de romancières ont cherché à renverser les récits hégémoniques en Inde, au Pakistan et au Bangladesh, par le biais d’une fiction romanesque caractérisée par son incoercibilité et son engagement féministe. Leur écriture de fiction répond à la violence de la fracture de l’Histoire par une poétique de la fragmentation, dont le tout dresse un portrait obscène, monstrueux et carnavalesque de la formation d’États-nations contemporains. Cette écriture romanesque, qu’elle soit sous-continentale ou diasporique, résiste à toute forme de frontières (idéologiques, littéraires, commerciales, etc.), et se consolide par sa prise de position à la fois complexe et engagée. La poétique de fragmentation est amenée par des phénomènes linguistiques, littéraires, sociologiques et politiques. Ce corpus se compose de romans couvrant l’ensemble de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, publiés (chronologiquement) par Jyotirmoyee Devi, Anis Kidwai, Mumtaz Shah Nawaz, Attia Hosain, Amrita Pritam, Sophia Mustafa, Bapsi Sidhwa, Anita Rau Badami , Shauna Singh Baldwin Meena Arora Nayak, Sorayya Khan, Kamila Shamsie et Tahmima AnamThe Partition of India (1947) and the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) are two transitory moments which reveal the violence of post-colonial nation-building. The acts performed upon an ethno-religious basis have given rise to many private stories, themselves stifled by self-legitimating national master narratives. These stories particularly highlight the instrumentalisation of the idea and the bodies of women in carrying out communal conflict. Three generations of women novelists have sought to break the silence imposed by patriarchal State apparatuses and religious radicalism. They turn to the impetuousness of the literary genre of the novel in order to thwart Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi master narratives. As such they write back to the violent fracture of History, through a poetics of the fragment, and together draw an obscene, monstrous and carnival-like portrait of contemporary Nation-States. Such novels, whether sub-continental or diasporic, resist all forms of borders (whether ideological, literary, commercial, etc.), driven instead by their commitment to contradiction. The fragmentation which defines them is all at once linguistic, literary, sociological and political. Our study comprises novels written (chronologically) by Jyotirmoyee Devi, Anis Kidwai, Mumtaz Shah Nawaz, Attia Hosain, Amrita Pritam, Sophia Mustafa, Bapsi Sidhwa, Anita Rau Badami , Shauna Singh Baldwin Meena Arora Nayak, Sorayya Khan, Kamila Shamsie and Tahmima Anam
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Mar?al, Juliano Silva. "Compara??o de estrat?gias de acomoda??o espectral e desfragmenta??o em redes ?pticas el?sticas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2016. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/891.
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Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-16T18:29:14Z
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Juliano Silva Mar?al.pdf: 14418180 bytes, checksum: e94d4d5adc61aeda0c174d60cabfa216 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliano Silva Mar?al.pdf: 14418180 bytes, checksum: e94d4d5adc61aeda0c174d60cabfa216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27
Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas ? PUC Campinas
In the current technological environment from the point of view of optical transmission, multiplexing technologies for wavelength division (Wavelength Oivision Multiplexing - WOM) working with fixed 50 GHz grid will not support the existing demand for the next 10 years. This scarcity occurs due to several reasons: channels with fixed width of 50 GHz, limitation of 80 optical channels per link, maximum transmission capacity of 100 Gb / s per channel. In search of viable forward solutions to this paradigm that presents technology proposal comes known as Optical Networks Elastic (Elastic Optical Network - EON), a technology that enables optical channels with bandwidths of 3,125, 6,250, 12,500, 25 and 50 GHz transmission capability of rates supported by the WOM yet rates of 200 Gb / s, 400 Gb / s and 1 Tb / s, and can be implemented on the same optical infrastructure WOM already existing thus corresponding to a highly cost less if compared to deployment of new networks. The efficiency of this proposed new technology is mainly in routing algorithms and spectral assignment (Routing and Spectrum Assignment - RSA) aimed at maximizing network availability of resources by reducing the likelihood of blocking. The use of RSAs on the EONS networks fragmentation results in the generation of reducing the availability of network resources. Within this scenario, the present work-studies the feasibility of defragmentation use based on the relocation of the link to submit further fragmentation indexo This paper studies the adoption of two indices: consecutiveness index and more FSUs index busy, both indexes allow the selection of the link to be defragmented. The results of this study were obtained from the development of version 5 of the simulator Elastic Optical Network Simulator (EONSim). To obtain the results, different transmission rates were evenly distributed for each traffic load between 45 and 100 Erlang (E), the First-Fit RSA (FF) was adopted for ali the simulations to reduce the defragmentation processing were performed from an R number of released connections (R = 10, R = 50 and R = 100). For the scenario using the consecutiveness index gain of up to 44 was measured to 55 E and average gain of 15 compared to results without defragmentation scenario for the use of higher index number of occupied FSUs, gain was observed 26 to 55 E and average gain of 10. From the results it can be concluded that the adoption of defragmentation strategies for eons networks are likely to be used since they have decreased blocking probability and increase the availability of network resources.
Na atual conjuntura tecnol?gica do ponto de vista de transmiss?es ?pticas, as tecnologias de multiplexa??o por divis?o de comprimento de onda (Wavelength Oivision Multiplexing - WOM) que trabalham com grade fixa de 50 GHz n?o ir?o comportar a demanda existente para os pr?ximos 10 anos. Esta escassez ocorre por v?rios motivos: canais com largura fixa de 50 GHz, limita??o de 80 canais ?pticos por enlace, capacidade m?xima de transmiss?o de 100 Gb/s por canal. Em busca de solu??es vi?veis frente a este paradigma que se apresenta, surge a proposta da tecnologia conhecida como Redes ?pticas El?sticas (Elastic Optical Network- EON), uma tecnologia que permite canais ?pticos com larguras de banda de 3.125, 6.250, 12.500, 25 e 50 GHz, capacidade de transmiss?o das taxas suportadas pela tecnologia WDM e ainda taxas de 200 Gb/s, 400 Gb/s e 1 Tb/s, e podem ser implantadas sobre a mesma infraestrutura ?ptica WDM j? existente correspondendo assim a um custo altamente inferior se comparado a implanta??o de novas redes. A efici?ncia desta nova proposta de tecnologia est? principalmente nos algoritmos de roteamento e atribui??o espectral (Routing and Spectrum Assignment - RSA) que visam a maximiza??o dos recursos de disponibilidade da rede atrav?s da diminui??o da probabilidade de bloqueio. O uso do RSA resulta na gera??o de fragmenta??o diminuindo a disponibilidade de recursos da rede. Dentro deste cen?rio, o presente trabalho estuda a viabilidade do uso de desfragmenta??o baseada na realoca??o sobre o enlace que apresentar maior ?ndice de fragmenta??o e analisa a ado??o de dois ?ndices: ?ndice de consecutividade e ?ndice de maior n?mero de FSUs ocupados, para a sele??o do enlace a ser desfragmentado. Os resultados deste estudo foram obtidos a partir do desenvolvimento da vers?o 5 do simulador Elastic Op tica I Network Simulator (EONSim). Para a obten??o dos resultados, diferentes taxas de transmiss?o foram distribu?das uniformemente para cada uma carga de tr?fego entre 45 e 100 erlang (E), o RSA First-Fit (FF) foi adotado para todas as simula??es, para diminuir o processamento as desfragmenta??es foram executadas a partir de um n?mero R de conex?es liberadas (R= 10, R= 50 e R= 100). Para o cen?rio utilizando o ?ndice de consecutividade, foi aferido ganho de at? 44 para 55 E e ganho m?dio de 15 quando comparado aos resultados do cen?rio sem desfragmenta??o, para o uso do ?ndice de maior n?mero de FSUs ocupados, foi observado ganho de 26 para 55 E com ganho m?dio de 10. A partir dos resultados obtidos ? poss?vel concluir que a ado??o de estrat?gias de desfragmenta??o para redes EONs s?o pass?veis de serem utilizadas pois apresentam diminui??o da probabilidade de bloqueio e aumento da disponibilidade dos recursos da rede
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Girard, Victoire. "The economic relevance of caste and religious identities in India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010027.
Full textAbstract:
L’identité est une nouvelle frontière pour la recherche en économie. Nombre de questions en cours d’exploration, telles que les conflits, la coopération,la culture, la confiance, le bonheur, ou le capital social, remontent à une question liée à l’identité. Cette thèse se focalise sur les conditions qui rendent une identité saillante à travers l’étude des identités de caste et de religion en Inde rurale. Il s’agit d’une contribution empirique, qui s’appuie sur des données villages et ménages. Cette thèse se concentre en particulier sur les conflits ou la ségrégation, qui sont autant de signaux que les identités de groupe sont saillantes. Ainsi, cette thèse étudie les raisons qui peuvent rendre une identité de caste ou de religion importante pour les conflits (première partie), et l’accès aux bien publics (deuxième partie). Dans les chapitres 1 et 2, je documente que les différences entre les groupes, qu’elles portent soit sur les bénéfices retirés de biens censés être publics, ou sur la distribution de la richesse, peuvent affecter la relation entre identité et conflit dans l’inde rurale. Dans le chapitre 3, je montre que le processus d’exclusion peut être modifié par des interventions politiques, en l’occurrence la mise en place de quotas en faveur des basses castes, cependant les quotas apparaissent n’avoir d’effet que pendant le mandat où le quota est en placeIdentity is a new frontier for research in economics. Many of the puzzles in economics today can be traced back to a question of identity: conflict, cooperation, culture, trust, happiness, and social capital, among others. This dissertation asks which conditions make an identity salient through the case studyof caste and religious identities in India. It is an empirical contribution, relying on village and household level data. This dissertation studies whether and howcaste or religious identities matter for conflicts (first part), and public goods access(second part). In Chapters 1 and 2, I document that differences in either group level payoff (from supposed-to-be public goods), or wealth distribution, can affectthe relation between identity and conflict. In Chapter 3, I show that process ofexclusion can be modified by political interventions, namely the imposition of political quotas in favor of the low castes
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Chih-Yuan, Yang, and 楊致遠. "A Study on the Organizational Merger -- Fragmentation Index Perspective." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90496783374762517988.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
92
In the recent years, the drastic change of economic situation of the world has placed tremendous challenge to the business entities on the earth. To enhance competitive capacity, business entities tried to lead the growth of it and reduce the cost through merge and acquisition. Since most of M/A cases are of huge amount, time and mind consuming job, and it has heavy impact on the organization. Therefore, when an organization is trying to promote the competition capacity through M/A, huge quantity and various resources are required to input for leading planning and evaluation to determine the effectiveness and feasibility. Yet, such an assessing process is often become superficial due to the length of assessing period and human factory. Therefore, how to use simple quantified index, featured with simple and fast features to allow the organization to observe its behavior and trend after M/A long before the merge of organizations, are what the attention is directed in this research. Fragmentation Index is one of the main issues of regionalism in the US political economics studies. The design is for measuring the fragmentation in utilization of resources of metropolitan region. The resources include the financial distribution and budget application of different areas. In its theoretical context, it encompasses the contrast between concentration of resources and decision efficiency. This is the first research of organization merge adopting fragmentation index, and the fragmentation index is used to explore the following issues: ※ The application of fragmentation index in organization merge: ─ Through the analysis of Fragmentation Index, the research studied the changes in 10 years in Taipei Metropolitan (Taipei City and Taipei County) Kaohsiung Metropolitan (Kaohsiung City / Kaohsiung County) ※Study the causes affect the fragmentation in Taipei Metropolitan and Kaohsiung Metropolitan. ※ Study the applicability of fragmentation index in organization merge.
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Genho, Daniel Phillip. "Collagen Solubility and Calcium Concentration and Their Effects on Tenderness in the M. longissimus lumborum." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7517.
Full textAbstract:
Strip steaks from the McGregor genome project were used to evaluate the effects of sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index, 3 h postmortem pH, 24 h postmortem pH, marbling, electrical stimulation (ES), sarcoplasmic free calcium concentration, and collagen characteristics on tenderness as measured by Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS). The WBS values were measured prior to this project so the animals were able to be separated into “tender” and “tough” groups using a WBS value of 30 N as the separating point, steaks with a WBS value less than 30 N being “tender” and the others being “tough”.
It was found that ES sides had lower WBS values, however, “tough” steaks showed a greater response to ES than “tender” steaks. ES sides also had higher sarcoplasmic free calcium concentration and lower 3 h postmortem pH. Tenderness is best predicted by treatment (ES versus NON-ES), however, there is some efficacy in using total collagen and collagen solubility in conjunction with treatment.
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Cameron, Alex. "Behavioural surveys and edge-sensitivity estimates of two populations of free-ranging Ringtailed Lemurs (Lemur catta) in rocky outcrop/savannah mosaic habitat at Anja Special Reserve and the Tsaranoro Valley, southcentral Madagascar." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3039.
Full textAbstract:
Behaviour (activity budget, degree of terrestriality, intergroup sociality) and diet, and the impact of proximity to forest edge on both, were compared between two populations of ringtailed lemurs (Lemur catta) inhabiting rocky outcrop/anthropogenic savannah-surrounded forest fragments in south-central Madagascar. Both sites—a fragment in the Tsaranoro Valley local to Andringitra National Park, and a fragment at Anja Special Reserve, adjacent to National Route 7 in the Ambalavao area—are considered sacred forests (sites of human burial) by the local people living in these regions, and are therefore subject to traditional protective prohibitions (fady). Both sites attract tourists, but are managed differently, and the resources available to the L. catta differ between sites, affecting the behaviour of the lemur populations: L. catta at Tsaranoro spent more time feeding, and less time resting and engaging in social behaviour compared with those at Anja, where introduced fruiting trees were available and resource abundance appeared to be relatively higher. Also, L. catta at Tsaranoro were less edge-avoidant, with some groups travelling over 400 meters beyond outside the forest in order to utilize resources at the tourist establishment local to the site. L. catta at Anja were never observed more than nine meters outside the forest. Although the fragments are of similar size and were expected to differ little, many significant behavioural dissimilarities were observed, suggesting the importance of the
refinement of rapid assessment techniques for judging the habitat suitability and conservational value of small forest fragments.