Journal articles: 'Fragmentation index'

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Cassilde, Stephanie, and Kelly Labart. "A Pluri-Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation Index." Revista Internacional de Organizaciones, no. 23 (January 9, 2020): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/rio23.223-242.

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The Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation index aims to measure the probability two random individuals belong to the same groupe. However, a person may belong to several groups. The Pluri-Ethno-Linguistic Fragmentation index generalizes the ELF index to consider multiple belongings within a country. PELF index results are discussed from the crucial case of Luxemburg. PELF index is computed in work, friends, and family linguistic environments; PELF is significantly smaller than ELF. The difference between ELF and PELF index for Luxemburg suggests a high linguistic cohesion at work and with friends.

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Vergara, Dante Gideon, Rodel Lasco, Robert Walker, Antonio Alcantara, Rico Ancog, Patricia Ann Sanchez, and Cristino Tiburan. "Fragmentation Trajectories as a Review of Existing and Proposed Single-valued Fragmentation Indices." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2021_2/04.

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Two related single-valued landscape fragmentation indices D and F are proposed, based on patch aggregation, shape complexity, and percent of the focal pixels on the landscape, and are computed using Fragstats metrics on a colonization landscape continuously fragmented over 36 years. The same was done for two existing single-valued fragmentation indices, i.e., the Matheron index based solely on normalized unlike joins, and the Normalized Hypsometric Curve (NHMC) index from GUIDOS Toolbox. All were plotted chronologically, and also against percent non-forest (%nf) of the landscape, and the trajectories were compared for behavior. The NHMC index starts high even if deforestation is low, and continues increasing even further as deforestation continues, while the other three indices all start close to zero and increase gradually. F mimics D very closely, and the Matheron index only behaves differently from F and D at the end of the data range. The deviation may be due to patch aggregation, which the Matheron index does not consider. An accepted single-valued fragmentation index computed from Fragstats landscape metrices could allow for cross-study comparisons relating fragmentation with any other attribute on or of the landscape, hopefully advancing the science of fragmentation in landscape ecology as cross-study generalizations would now be possible.

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HABARUBIO, J., V. IBANEZ, and E. SFORZA. "An alternative measure of sleep fragmentation in clinical practice: the sleep fragmentation index." Sleep Medicine 5, no. 6 (November 2004): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.06.007.

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Hudaverdi, T., C. Kuzu, and A. Fisne. "Investigation of the blast fragmentation using the mean fragment size and fragmentation index." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 56 (December 2012): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.07.028.

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Тлеуханов, К. К., Н. А. Алтыбаева, М. К. Отарбаев, Е. М. Тойшибеков, and А. А. Тлеуханова. "DETERMINATION OF THE HUMAN SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION INDEX." Vestnik, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53065/kaznmu.2021.80.11.047.

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В статье представлены собранные данные о методах устранения повышенной частоты фрагментации ДНК у сперматозоидов, которые в некоторых исследованиях подтверждают, что введение антиоксидантов может снизить уровень фрагментации ДНК у сперматозоидов. The article presents collected data on methods of eliminating the increased frequency of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa, which in some studies confirm that the introduction of antioxidants can reduce the level of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa.

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Samsuri, Febrianti Sitorus, Anita Zaitunah, and Alfan Gunawan Ahmad. "Fragmentation Typology of Sumatran Tropical Lowland Forest, Labuhanbatu Selatan - Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability 5, no. 3 (September 24, 2021): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26554/ijems.2021.5.3.105-112.

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Forest land cover experienced changes caused by various factors. Deforestation and forest degradation decreased forest structure and size that produce forest fragmentation. This study aimed to determine spatial distribution patterns and typology of forest fragmentation in the Labuhanbatu Selatan district. The study uses land cover image analysis, forest fragmentation analysis, correlation analysis, and typology analysis. Forest fragmentation is determined based on patch area (CA), patch density (PD), contiguity index (CONTIG), and proximity index (PROX). The study analyzes the correlation between variable factors and the degrees of forest fragmentation to develop a typology of fragmentation forest. The variables used to construct the typology of forest fragmentation are population density, productive age ratio, income, and slope. The classification of forest fragmentation has been completed to create a forest fragmentation typology. To determine the typology of forest fragmentation, the K-Means Cluster analysis method is used. Typology of forests fragmentation of Labuhanbatu Selatan district is three typologies. Typology 1 is the low forest fragmentation of Torgamba, Silangkitang, and Kota Pinang sub-district, typology 2 is moderate forest fragmentation are the Kampung Rakyat, and Typology 3 is high forest fragmentation of Sungai Kanan sub-district.

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Hachemi, M. "Impact of Paternal Genome with a High DNA Fragmentation Index (>60%) on Early Embryonic Development." International Journal of Gynecological and Obstetrical Research 9, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31907/2309-4400.2021.09.03.

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: Objectives: The objective of this study is to propose thresholds of the sperm DNA fragmentation rate (IFA≤30% IFA31%-60% IFA>60%), in order to assess the clinical effects of the paternal genome on intra cytoplasmic sperm injection parameters, in particular the effect of the latter on early embryonic development. Materials and Methods: The procedure is a retrospective study, which involved 101 patients enrolled in an ICSI program with their partners. The index of spermatic DNA fragmentation rate was measured using the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion assay. Results: There is a negative correlation between high levels of the spermatic DNA fragmentation index and spermiological characteristics: Concentration P=0.002 and mobility P=0.0001. For ICSI results, there are different observations on the existence of a correlation between the spermatic DNA fragmentation index and fertility rate. On the other hand, the rate of sperm DNA fragmentation does not seem to influence early embryonic development, and even couples whose partners have a high fragmentation index manage to obtain the best quality embryos (P=0.002). We observe a decrease in the rate of implantation with an increase in the rate of alteration of the sperm genome, but this remains insignificant P > 0.05. Conclusion: ICSI remains the only alternative for men with a high rate of sperm DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the operator seems to influence the results more than is suggested. This does not exclude the paternal effect which may influence the quality of the concepltus later on. Keywords: DNA Fragmentation Index, ICSI, Fertilization Rate, Embryos Quality.

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Johnsson, Katarina. "Fragmentation index as a region based GIS operator." International journal of geographical information systems 9, no. 2 (March 1995): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02693799508902034.

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Sagayan, E., B. Acacio, C. Coulam, G. Sher, and M. Nouriani. "Effects of antioxidant treatment on DNA fragmentation index." Fertility and Sterility 82 (September 2004): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.223.

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Quant, H. S., E. Tirado, Q. Baca, B. Leader, and A. S. Penzias. "Sperm DNA fragmentation index worsens with advancing age." Fertility and Sterility 92, no. 3 (September 2009): S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.280.

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Zhang, Jia Jia, Chang Long Du, Song Yong Liu, and Hao Jiang. "Study on the Distribution Law of the Crashed Coal Fragmentation." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1834.

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In order to find the distribution law of coal fragmentation, mathematic model of size distribution was built according to fractal theory. Based on this, the experiments of impactive crash were carried out under different impact rate and different Protodikonov's hardness. The comparison between Weibull distribution and fractal distribution was done so as to find the relationship between the influence parameters and the coal fragmentation characteristic index, the coal fragmentation degree coefficient and the fractal dimension. The results indicate that both two types of distribution functions are suitable for the distribution discipline of coal fragmentation, but the relationship of the coal fragmentation degree and impact parameter is not reacted correctly by the coal fragmentation characteristic index and coal fragmentation degree coefficient in the Weibull distribution while the coal fragmentation degree could be expressed by the fractal dimension in fractal distribution. The relationships between the fractal dimension and the rate, the Protodikonov's hardness of coal are linear.

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Rossi, Alessandro, Giovanni B. Valsecchi, and Elisa Maria Alessi. "Ranking in-orbit fragmentations and space objects." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S310 (July 2014): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314008011.

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AbstractThe future space debris environment will be dominated by the production of fragments coming from massive fragmentations. In order to identify the most relevant parameters influencing the long term evolution of the environment and to assess the criticality of selected space objects in different regions of the circumterrestrial space, a large parametric study was performed. In this framework some indicators were produced to quantify and rank the relevance of selected fragmentations on the long term evolution of the space debris population. Based on the results of the fragmentation studies, a novel analytic index, the Criticality of Spacecraft Index, aimed at ranking the environmental criticality of abandoned objects in LEO, has been devised and tested on a sample population of orbiting objects.

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Ward, Teresa M., Weichao Yuwen, Joachim Voss, Dirk Foell, Faekah Gohar, and Sarah Ringold. "Sleep Fragmentation and Biomarkers in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Biological Research For Nursing 18, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800415609997.

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Objectives: (1) To compare sleep (nighttime sleep duration and sleep efficiency) and sleep fragmentation (movement and fragmentation index), as measured by actigraphy, and symptoms (pain and fatigue) in 8- to 14-year-old children with polyarticular and extended oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and (2) to examine the associations between sleep fragmentation (movement and fragmentation index) and the calcium-binding protein biomarkers S100A12 and myeloid-related protein (MRP8/14). Method: Participants included 40 children with extended oligoarticular ( n = 15) or polyarticular ( n = 25) JIA and their parents. Serum protein samples were obtained during routine rheumatology clinic visits. Children completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and daily pain and sleep diaries and wore actigraphy monitors for 9 consecutive days. Parents completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Results: Of the 40 children, 68% scored above the CSHQ clinical cutoff score for sleep disturbances. Mean nighttime sleep duration was 7.5 hr, and mean sleep efficiency was 85.3%. Group differences were not found for nighttime sleep duration, sleep efficiency, movement and fragmentation index, or S100A12 and MRP8/14 protein concentrations. In a stepwise regression, medications, joint count, and movement and fragmentation index explained 21% of the variance in MRP8/14 concentration. Conclusion: Decreased nighttime sleep duration, poor sleep efficiency, and fragmented sleep were observed in our sample, regardless of JIA category. Sleep fragmentation was a significant predictor of MRP8/14 protein concentration. Additional research is needed to understand the interrelations among sleep fragmentation, effects of medication, and S100A12 and MRP8/14 protein biomarkers in JIA.

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Singh, Kumar Amerendra, Hitesh Shah, Benjamin Joseph, Alexander Aarvold, and Harry K. W. Kim. "Evolution of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease following proximal femoral varus osteotomy performed in the avascular necrosis stage:a prospective study." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.14.190153.

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Purpose This prospective study was undertaken to describe patterns of fragmentation of the femoral epiphysis following a proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) done during stage I of LCPD and to assess the disease duration and outcome in each pattern. Methods A total of 25 children treated by a PFVO in stage I of LCPD were followed until healing. The MRI Perfusion Index, radiographic changes in the femoral epiphysis, disease duration and the Sphericity Deviation Score (SDS) at healing were documented. The reproducibility of classification of the pattern of fragmentation, estimation of disease duration and SDS were assessed. The duration of the disease and SDS in the patterns of fragmentation were compared. Results Four patterns of fragmentation were noted, namely, typical fragmentation, bypassing fragmentation, abortive fragmentation and atypical fragmentation with horizontal fissuring. The reproducibility of classifying the pattern of fragmentation was moderate (Kappa: 0.48) while the reproducibility of other continuous variables was excellent. The Perfusion Index was less than 50% in every affected hip. The duration of the disease and SDS were lowest in children in whom the stage of fragmentation was bypassed but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion Following a proximal femoral osteotomy during stage I of LCPD the fragmentation stage may be bypassed partially or completely and the chances of a good outcome appear to be very good if fragmentation is bypassed. Level of Evidence Level II Prognostic Study

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Tule, K. Moses, Eunice Ngozi Egbuna, Eme Dada, Godday Uwawunkonye Ebuh, and David McMillan. "A dynamic fragmentation of the misery index in Nigeria." Cogent Economics & Finance 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1336295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2017.1336295.

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KABAK, Leonid, Borys MOROZ, and Valerii KOVAL. "METHOD AND ALGORITHM FOR AVOIDING INDEX FRAGMENTATION IN DATABASE." Information Technology: Computer Science, Software Engineering and Cyber Security, no. 2 (2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/it/2021-2-2.

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Tiseo, BC, E. Bonfá, EF Borba, GA Munhoz, GJA Wood, M. Srougi, CA Silva, and M. Cocuzza. "Complete urological evaluation including sperm DNA fragmentation in male systemic lupus erythematosus patients." Lupus 28, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203318815764.

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Objective To evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation analysis in non-azoospermic male systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods Twenty-eight consecutive male SLE patients (American College of Rheumatology criteria) and 34 healthy controls were evaluated for demographic/exposures data, urological evaluation, hormone profile and sperm analysis (including sperm DNA fragmentation). Clinical features, disease activity/damage scores and treatment were also evaluated. Results The median age (33 (20–52) vs. 36.5 (25–54) years, P = 0.329) and frequency of varicocele (25% vs. 32%, P = 0.183) were similar in SLE patients and healthy controls. Sperm DNA fragmentation showed significantly higher levels of cells class III (44 (9–88) vs. 16.5 (0–80)%, P = 0.001) and cell class IV (10.5 (3–86) vs. 7 (0–36)%, P = 0.039) in SLE. The sperm DNA fragmentation index was also significantly higher in SLE patients (62 (31–97) vs. 25.5 (0–100)%, P < 0.001). Conventional sperm parameters (including sperm count, motility and morphology) were similar in both groups. In SLE patients no correlations were observed between sperm DNA fragmentation index and age, disease duration, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index scores, and cumulative dose of prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, intravenous cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil ( P > 0.05). Further analysis of SLE patients treated with and without intravenous cyclophosphamide showed that total sperm motility was significantly lower in the former group (64% (15–83) vs. 72% (57–86), P = 0.024). The sperm DNA fragmentation index was alike in both groups (52.5 (31–95) vs. 67.5 (34–97)%, P = 0.185). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that male non-azoospermic SLE patients have increased sperm DNA fragmentation without evident gonadal dysfunction. Intravenous cyclophosphamide does not seem to be a major determinant for this abnormality. Future prospective study is necessary to determine the impact of this alteration in these patients' fertility.

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Shao, Yu Long, You Peng Xu, and Shuang Shuang Ma. "The Study of Land Use Change on the Landscape Impact of Urban Water in Taihu Lake Basin - A Case Study in Urban Suzhou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.325.

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Integrated using GIS technology, the relevant principles of landscape ecology and hydrology, and choosing the landscape index such as patch number, patch area, patch density, fragmentation index, separation index and connectivity index, etc. to analyze the changes of urban water landscape in urban Suzhou. The results showed that: 1) The past 15 years, the area of the water landscape in the study area had decreased from 16.18 km2 to 5.21km2; 2) During 1980s to 2009, the patch number of the water landscape had increased, the average patch area had decreased, but the patch density, the patch separation and the fragmentation index had increased. This fully reflected the level of the water landscape fragmentation continued to increase in the study area; 3) During 1980s to 2009, the connectivity index had decreased from 0.7 to 0.44 in urban Suzhou; 4) From 1980s to 2009, the water rate had decreased about 66.21%. It leaded to the regional channel storage capacity had reduced approximately 318.44×104m3, and the per unit area of regulation and storage capacity had decreased nearly 2.25×104m3／km2.

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Tadzhieva, Anna, Baylar Iolchiev, Katerina Rystsova, Elena Krotova, and Evgenia Simonova. "Correlation between mitochondrial dysfunction of spermatozoa and their biological adequacy." E3S Web of Conferences 254 (2021): 08014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125408014.

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One of the most significant indicators affecting male fertility is the sperm nuclear and mitochondrial DNA fragmentation index (DFI). DNA damage depends on biotic and abiotic factors, leading to oxidative stress (O.S.). This research aimed to investigate the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction of spermatozoa and their biological adequacy. The research material was frozen-thawed sperm samples from the Ayrshire, Russian Black Pied Holstein, Russian Red Pied Holstein, Limousin, and Polled Russian breeding bulls. Assessments of mobility, morphology, and fragmentation index were performed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). It was found that there is a negative correlation between sperm activity and mitochondrial dysfunction with the correlation coefficient r = -0.24. The incidence of abnormal spermatozoa correlated with sperm dysfunction r = 0.77. The nDNA fragmentation index in chromatin varied from 0 to 25%.

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Батуревич, Л. В., И. Д. Шилейко, Л. И. Алехнович, А. О. Коломиец, and А. Т. Кузьменко. "The Value of the DNA Fragmentation Index in the Diagnosis of Male Infertility." Лабораторная диагностика. Восточная Европа, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2022.11.1.013.

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Введение. Фрагментация ДНК, отражая нарушение целостности генома сперматозоида, может служить важным диагностическим и прогностическим критерием оценки фертильности мужчин.Цель. Установить клинико-лабораторную значимость определения ДНК-фрагментации сперматозоидов в качестве теста оценки фертильности эякулята мужчин, страдающих бесплодием.Материалы и методы. Методами световой микроскопии у 105 мужчин с бесплодием осуществлено исследование спермограммы и степени выраженности ДНК-фрагментации сперматозоидов с использованием набора реагентов Halosperm G2. Результаты. Установлена связь индекса фрагментации ДНК с подвижностью и жизнеспособностью сперматозоидов у инфертильных мужчин с олиго- и нормозооспермией.Выводы. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о целесообразности оценки фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов у мужчин с олигозооспермией. Определение дисперсии хроматина может быть рекомендовано в качестве скринингового теста для оценки фертильности мужчины. Introduction. DNA fragmentation, reflecting the violation of the integrity of the sperm genome, can serve as an important diagnostic and prognostic criterion for assessing male fertility.Purpose. To establish the clinical and laboratory significance of determining the DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa as a test for assessing the fertility of the ejaculate of men suffering from infertility.Materials and methods. Using light microscopy methods, 105 men with infertility studied the semen analysis and the severity of DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa using the Halosperm G2 reagent kit.Results. The relationship between the DNA fragmentation index and the mobility and viability of spermatozoa in infertile men with oligo- and normozoosprmia has been established.Conclusions. The data obtained allow us to conclude that it is expedient to assess the DNA fragmentation of spermatozoa in men with oligozoospermia. The chromatin dispersion (SCD) method can be recommended as a screening test to assess male fertility.

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Locat, Pascal, Réjean Couture, Serge Leroueil, Jacques Locat, and Michel Jaboyedoff. "Fragmentation energy in rock avalanches." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 43, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 830–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-045.

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Fragmentation is one of the mechanisms involved in rock avalanches. Quantifying the associated energy during a rock avalanche can help to assess the influence of fragmentation on post-failure mass movements. In this paper, in situ block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed for nine rock avalanches, five in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and four in the European Alps. Degrees of fragmentation are estimated from these data. Two methods are examined to assess fragmentation energy, one based on the comminution theory, and one on the blasting energy used in the mining industry. The results show that, for the studied rock avalanches, there is a relationship between the reduction in diameter ratio, Rr = D50/d50 (where D50 and d50 are the mean diameter of the intact rock mass and the mean diameter of the debris, respectively), and the potential energy per unit volume normalized with respect to the point load strength of rock (γHG/σc), where γ is the unit weight of the material, HG is the vertical distance between the centres of gravity of the mass at the start and end positions, and σc is the point load strength). For the cases studied, fragmentation energy calculations average 20% of the potential energy. An empirical relationship between Rr and γHG/σc has been established and is used in the definition of a disintegration index (ID). This index seems to reflect the physics of the disintegration process, since it accounts for the fact that the reduction in diameter ratio is a function of the dissipated energy and the strength of the rock. These factors have long been known to affect fragmentation but have never been presented in a coherent manner for rock avalanches.Key words: rock avalanches, disintegration, fragmentation energy, Canadian Rocky Mountains, European Alps.

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Lopez, Régis, Christine Laganière, Sofiène Chenini, Anna Laura Rassu, Elisa Evangelista, Lucie Barateau, Isabelle Jaussent, and Yves Dauvilliers. "Video-Polysomnographic Assessment for the Diagnosis of Disorders of Arousal in Children." Neurology 96, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): e121-e130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011091.

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ObjectivesTo highlight the slow-wave sleep (SWS) fragmentation and validate the video-polysomnographic (vPSG) criteria and cutoffs for the diagnosis of disorders of arousal (DOA) in children, as already reported in adults.MethodsOne hundred children (66 boys, 11.0 ± 3.3 years) with frequent episodes of DOA and 50 nonparasomniac children (32 boys, 10.9 ± 3.9 years) underwent vPSG recording to quantify SWS characteristics (number of N3 sleep interruptions, fragmentation index, slow/mixed and fast arousal ratios, and indexes per hour) and associated behaviors. We compared SWS characteristics in the 2 groups and defined the optimal cutoff values for the diagnosis of DOA using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsPatients with DOA had higher amounts of N3 and REM sleep, number of N3 interruptions, SWS fragmentation, and slow/mixed arousal indexes than controls. The highest area under the curve (AUC) values were obtained for SWS fragmentation and slow/mixed arousal indexes with satisfactory classification performances (AUC 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73–0.87; AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.89). SWS fragmentation index cutoff value of 4.1/h reached a sensitivity of 65.0% and a specificity of 84.0%. Slow/mixed arousal index cutoff of 3.8/h reached a sensitivity of 69.0% and a specificity of 82.0%. At least one parasomniac episode was recorded in 63.0% of patients and none of the controls. Combining behavioral component by vPSG increased sensitivity of both biomarkers to 83% and 89%, respectively.ConclusionsWe confirmed that SWS fragmentation and slow/mixed arousal indexes are 2 relevant biomarkers for the diagnosis of DOA in children, with different cutoffs obtained than those validated in adults.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that SWS fragmentation and slow/mixed arousal indexes on vPSG accurately identify children with DOA.

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Hawkins, R. R., G. W. Davis, J. K. Cable, and C. B. Ramsey. "Fragmentation Index as an Early Postmortem Predictor of Beef Tenderness." Journal of Animal Science 64, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.641171x.

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OKEDIJI, TADE O. "Social fragmentation and economic growth: evidence from developing countries." Journal of Institutional Economics 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2010): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137410000251.

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Abstract:This paper proposes a composite measure of ethnic fragmentation, the Social Diversity Index (SDI) to capture inherent multidimensionality not captured in the prevalent Ethno-Linguistic Fractionalization Index (ELF). The SDI more accurately demonstrates the direct effects of hidden diversity values and the extent and corresponding costs of ethnic diversity on economic growth. A comparative empirical analysis of the results from 132 countries employing the SDI and the ELF Index, suggests that the SDI is more robustly correlated with growth, and does a moderately better job of explaining the effect of exogenous static ethnic diversity. However, the empirical effects of ethnic diversity on growth tend to diminish with the inclusion of additional macroeconomic variables.

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Allardyce, Judith, Harper Gilmour, Jacqueline Atkinson, Tracey Rapson, Jennifer Bishop, and R. G. McCreadie. "Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses." British Journal of Psychiatry 187, no. 5 (November 2005): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.187.5.401.

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BackgroundSocial disorganisation, fragmentation and isolation have long been posited as influencing the rate of psychoses at area level. Measuring such societal constructs is difficult. A census-based index measuring social fragmentation has been proposed.AimsTo investigate the association between first-admission rates for psychosis and area-based measures of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural index.MethodWe used indirect standardisation methods and logistic regression models to examine associations of social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/rural categories with first admissions for psychoses in Scotland for the 5-year period 1989–1993ResultsAreas characterised by high social fragmentation had higher first-ever admission rates for psychosis independent of deprivation and urban/rural status. There was a dose–response relationship between social fragmentation category and first-ever admission rates for psychosis. There was no statistically significant interaction between social fragmentation, deprivation and urban/ rural index.ConclusionsFirst-admission rates are strongly associated with measures of social fragmentation, independent of material deprivation and urban/rural category.

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Oger, Isabelle, Christelle Da Cruz, Gilles Panteix, and Yves Menezo. "Evaluating human sperm DNA integrity: relationship between 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine quantification and the sperm chromatin structure assay." Zygote 11, no. 4 (November 2003): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199403002442.

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In our work, we have used 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), one of the major oxidative products of sperm DNA, in a population of patients consulting for infertility. We found an inverse relationship between sperm concentration and the log of the ratio of 8-OH-dG to dG (P<0.01). On the same patients' sperm samples, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) was performed. An inverse relationship was observed between the DNA fragmentation index and sperm concentration (P<0.001). There was also a positive relationship between SCSA and log 8-OH-dG/dG. This indicates that DNA fragmentation measured by the SCSA originates in part from oxidative products. In a few patients, antioxidant treatment decreased the DNA fragmentation index below the threshold of 30% that is crucial for subfertility.

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SUÁREZ-IBARRA, JAIME YESID, CRISTIANE FRAGA FROZZA, SANDRO MONTICELLI PETRÓ, and MARIA ALEJANDRA GÓMEZ PIVEL. "FRAGMENT OR BROKEN? IMPROVING THE PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA FRAGMENTATION ASSESSMENT." PALAIOS 36, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.062.

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ABSTRACT Planktonic foraminifera tests can suffer dissolution, which usually involves partial damage, weight loss, and fragmentation. Since planktonic foraminifera assemblages, consisting of different resistant/susceptible species, can be strongly modified by dissolution, it is imperative to quantify its effect. The fragmentation index proposed 50 years ago has been used widely to measure preservation of planktonic foraminifera tests, but calibrations to this method are necessary. Some revisions are based on assumptions, like a certain number of fragments produced by a unique test, which is then used to compare whole tests with the dissolution remains. Likewise, researchers do not agree on what they count and how they identify what they count. Here we present a standardized and less subjective method, called fragmentation intensity (FI), to better assess the fragmentation of planktonic foraminifera through image software analysis, which includes both fragmentation remains (fragments and broken tests) and their measured area and perimeter. When compared to calcium carbonate content, grain sand content, and planktonic foraminifera tests per gram of dry sediment, the FI method derived better correlation values than the broken and fragments indexes. Future studies, in varying oceanographic contexts, can test this method to improve confidence, and eventually possibly adapt the index into a proxy for calcium carbonate undersaturation.

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Rana, Tanmoy, Asit Kumar Bera, Subhashree Das, Debasis Bhattacharya, Diganta Pan, Subhasish Bandyopadhyay, Sumanta De, and Subrata Kumar Das. "Mushroom lectin protects arsenic induced apoptosis in hepatocytes of rodents." Human & Experimental Toxicology 30, no. 4 (May 27, 2010): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327110372642.

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Acute and chronic arsenic exposure result in toxicity both in human and animal beings and cause many hepatic and renal manifestations. The present study stated that mushroom lectin prevents arsenic-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was measured by morphological alterations, cell proliferation index (CPI), phagocytic activity (nitro blue tetrazolium index; NBT), nitric oxide (NO) production, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. Arsenic exposure at 5 μM in the form of sodium arsenite resulted in significant elevation of deformed cells, NO production, TUNEL stained nuclei of hepatocytes, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. But the CPI and NBT index were significantly declined in arsenic-treated hepatocytes. The beneficial effect of mushroom lectin at 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL) showed increased CPI and phagocytic activity. Mushroom lectin at those concentrations reduced deformed cells, NO production, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity of hepatocytes. But significant better protection was observed in 50 μg/mL mushroom lectin-treated hepatocytes. This finding may be of therapeutic benefit in people suffering from chronic arsenic exposure.

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Noh, Jin Kyoung, Cristian Echeverria, Gabriel Gaona, Janina Kleemann, Hongmi Koo, Christine Fürst, and Pablo Cuenca. "Forest Ecosystem Fragmentation in Ecuador: Challenges for Sustainable Land Use in the Tropical Andean." Land 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020287.

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Natural ecosystems are declining and fragmenting globally at unprecedented rates. Fragmentation of natural ecosystems leads to decline in functions and services with severe impact on people. In Ecuador, despite establishment of the nationwide ecosystem classification, this baseline information has not been fully exploited to generate a monitoring system for ecosystem changes. Forest ecosystems are altered daily in Ecuador by human impact, but the relationship between forest fragmentation and human land use has not been adequately explored. To provide an overview of how recent forest fragmentation at the national and ecosystem level was affected by practices in human land use, we quantified the degree of forest fragmentation using the forest fragmentation index (FFI). The relationship between the degree of forest ecosystem fragmentation and human land use of 64 natural forest ecosystems was analyzed during the time period 1990 to 2014. At the national level, the expansion of pasture and inhabited area significantly increased forest fragmentation. The regression models based on the FFI value indicated that the forest fragmentation was highly correlated to pastures in forest ecosystems with low, moderate, and high fragmentation in 2014 due to a progressive increase in pastures. This study showed the critical gaps between forest conservation strategies and actual practices in human land use.

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Monteiro, G. A., C. P. Freitas-DellAqua, P. N. Guasti, Y. F. R. Sancler-Silva, C. Ramires-Neto, F. P. Hartwig, J. A. Dellaqua, and F. O. Papa. "247 COMPARISON OF THE DNA FRAGMENTATION INDEX BETWEEN CRYOPRESERVED EJACULATED SPERM AND EPIDIDYMAL SPERM IN STALLIONS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab247.

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The development of a reliable technique for freezing epididymal semen would provide a unique opportunity to preserve valuable genetic material from unexpectedly lost stallions. The semen analysis method with the best ability to predict fertility is an examination of the sperm chromatin structure. This test evaluates the susceptibility of spermatozoa DNA to denaturation. The ability of spermatozoal DNA to maintain an intact double-stranded configuration is determined by exposure to an acid environment. The aim of this study was to compare the DNA fragmentation index of sperm obtained from ejaculate (G1) and sperm from the cauda epididymis (G2). For G1, two ejaculates from each of seven stallions were collected and then subjected to cryopreservation using BotuCrioTM extender. One week after the last semen collection, the stallions underwent bilateral orchiectomy. Sperm from the cauda epididymis was harvested immediately after castration (G2) by retrograde flushing of the caudal portion of the epididymis using a skim milk-based extender (BotuSemenTM). The recovered sperm was then cryopreserved using BotuCrioTM extender. The sperm motility parameters were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (HTM IVOS 12, Hamilton Thorne Inc., Beverly, MA, USA), and the DNA fragmentation index was estimated using acridine orange test epifluorescence microscopy. The samples were evaluated immediately (0 h) and 8 h after thawing. The total motility, progressive motility, and percentage of rapid cells of the G1 v. G2 samples at 0 h were, respectively, 62.3 ± 12.9a v. 72.6 ± 8.4a, 31.6 ± 9.2a v. 35.3 ± 10.32a, and 49.3 ± 14.33a v. 59.7 ± 13.59a. At 8 h, the results were 26.0 ± 21.6b v. 54.7 ± 12.2a, 6.1 ± 6.4b v. 17.4 ± 8.54a, and 13.7 ± 14.85b v. 37.6 ± 14.15a. Evaluation of the DNA fragmentation in the G1 and G2 samples yielded 6.7 ± 1.41a v. 5.7 ± 1.60a at 0 h and 8.3 ± 1.78b v. 7.2 ± 1.19b at 8 h for percentage of DNA fragmentation after thawing. At 0 h, no differences in the sperm parameters were observed between groups, but statistical differences were observed in the sperm motility parameters between the treatment groups after 8 h. For the DNA fragmentation index, no difference was found at 0 and 8 h between the groups. However, after thawing, a higher percentage of DNA fragmentation was observed in the ejaculated sperm (8 h) as compared with the epididymal sperm (0 h). On the basis of these results, we can conclude that frozen–thawed cauda epididymal sperm had similar or higher motion parameters than ejaculated sperm after thawing. In addition, incubating the sperm at 20°C for 8 h after thawing resulted in higher motion parameters and less DNA fragmentation of the epididymal sperm. This finding suggests that epididymal sperm are more resistant to the cold shock caused by cryopreservation. FAPESP for financial support and Botupharma for donation of BotuSemenTM and BotuCrioTM extender.

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Buzzi, Rueter, Ghermandi, and Lasaponara. "The Extent of Infrastructure Causing Fragmentation in the Hydrocarbon Basin in the Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Patagonia (Argentina)." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2019): 5956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215956.

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Fragmentation is a disruption in the connectivity of landscapes. The aims of this paper are (i) to quantitatively assess the fragmentation rates in three landscape units located in a hydrocarbon basin, and (ii) to model their behavior between 2001 and 2013 using landscape metrics at different scales of resolution. The following metrics were selected using principal component analysis (PCA): The Clumpiness Index (CLUMPY), patch density (PD), perimeter-area fractal dimension (PAFRAC) and effective mesh size (MESH). Results from our investigations pointed out that hydrocarbon activity increased the fragmentation at the sites. In particular, the CLUMPY index increased in all three landscape units, the average of PD decreased from 60 to 14 patches per 100 hectares, whereas the mean of MESH was quite constant, however, due to oil production, it decreased mainly in the coastal valleys. Finally, the PAFRAC also decreased at sites with oil production, being more evident in the plateau and coastal canyons. As a whole, outputs from our analyses clearly pointed out that the monitoring of landscape fragmentation trends in arid and semi-arid zones can be successfully achieved using metrics derived from satellite spectral information.

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Li, Fangzheng, Wei Zheng, Yu Wang, Junhui Liang, Shuang Xie, Shiyi Guo, Xiong Li, and Changming Yu. "Urban Green Space Fragmentation and Urbanization: A Spatiotemporal Perspective." Forests 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040333.

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Urbanization leads to the occupation of green areas, directly contributing to a high level of fragmentation of urban green spaces, which, in turn, results in numerous socioeconomic and environmental problems. Consequently, an understanding of the relationships between patterns of urban green spaces and urbanization processes is essential. Although previous quantitative studies have examined this relationship, they have not included an exploration of spatial heterogeneities in the effects of urbanization on the spatial patterns of urban green areas. We therefore applied a spatiotemporal perspective to examine the above relationship, while considering the wider planning context. First, we quantified the extent of fragmentation of urban green spaces using landscape metrics comprising the largest patch index (LPI) and landscape shape index (LSI). Next, using the calculated spatial metrics and nighttime light data (NTL) for central Beijing for the period 1992–2016, we applied a geographically weighted regression model to assess variations in the spatiotemporal effects of urbanization on the fragmentation of urban green spaces. The results showed that urbanization initially occurred mainly in the northern parts of Beijing, whereas urbanization of southern urban fringe areas occurred after 2008. The reduction in green spaces along with increasing fragmentation and complex spatial patterns are indicative of issues relating to Beijing’s rapid urbanization and planning policies. This study contributes to an understanding of how urbanization influences fragmentation of urban green spaces and offers insights for the planning of urban green spaces from the perspective of promoting sustainability.

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Xia, Wenjun, Wenbo Lu, Ruize Li, Ming Chen, and Zhen Lei. "Effect of Water-Decked Blasting on Rock Fragmentation Energy." Shock and Vibration 2020 (June 25, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8194801.

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Fragmentation energy ratio is an important index to evaluate whether an explosive is used efficiently. This paper discusses the effect of water-decked blasting on fragmentation energy based on theory and numerical simulation, and three blasting tests were performed to measure the actual fragmentation energy at a granite-based field. Results show that at the same charge amount, the maximum borehole pressure of water-decked blasting is much greater than that of normal blasting in theory, which facilitates rock breaking. In numerical simulation, water-decked blasting is more beneficial to the transmission of explosive energy; therefore, the damage distribution is more uniform and the damage level is higher. The specific surface area and fragment size distribution were obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning and image analysis in field tests; therefore, the fragmentation energy could be measured, which showed that the fragmentation energy could be increased by 10% in water-decked blasting. In addition, water-decked blasting can reduce fly rocks and ensure the safety of rock blasting.

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Kilić, Jelena, Nikša Jajac, Katarina Rogulj, and Siniša Mastelić-Ivić. "Assessing Land Fragmentation in Planning Sustainable Urban Renewal." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 4, 2019): 2576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092576.

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Planning of sustainable urban renewal is one of the key issues for city development. Particular emphasis is placed on the problem of the sustainable urban renewal of areas that are made up of a large number of private cadastral parcels that cause ownership fragmentation. Urban renewal is most often carried out to realize a large project where it is necessary to determine the optimal way of its realization. This paper proposes a methodology for assessing the index of fragmentation for the purpose of sustainable urban renewal planning. The methods used to solve the task are Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) for ranking alternative solutions (i.e., cadastral parcels, spatial elements and areas of future construction), and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method (FAHP) for defining the criteria weights. In the process of defining the index of fragmentation model as well as the weighting determination, a group of experts was involved. The proposed model was tested on the field of the construction of the University of Split campus, for which implementation was planned in several periods. The obtained results show that the proposed methodology can provide support in analyzing the spatial–functional capacities of the existing land, and for decision making in optimizing the realization of urban projects.

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Palouš, Jan, Richard Wünsch, and Soňa Ehlerová. "Mass Spectrum of a Starburst." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 217 (2004): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900197839.

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The fragmentation of supershells and filaments driven by a superwind in a starburst region produces clumps with a mass spectrum approximated by a power law. Its spectral index is close to −2.3. We present results of computer simulations using the thin shell approximation, which are compared to 3D hydrodynamical simulations with self-gravity using the ZEUS computer code. In a low density medium the fragmentation time-scale is comparable to the collisional time-scale, and consequently collisions change the mass spectra of fragments to less steep values. In high density environments collisional time-scales are much longer and the mass spectrum results from gravitational fragmentation of expanding sheets and filaments.

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Sleeman, Jai C., Gary A. Kendrick, Guy S. Boggs, and Bruce J. Hegge. "Measuring fragmentation of seagrass landscapes: which indices are most appropriate for detecting change?" Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 6 (2005): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04300.

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Many indices are available for assessment of spatial patterns in landscape ecology, yet there is presently no consensus about which ones effectively quantify habitat fragmentation. Research that has been carried out to date has evaluated indices primarily using computer-simulated models of terrestrial environments, but how they perform when applied to real landscapes, particularly in the marine environment, has received little attention. Eleven indices that are commonly used for quantifying habitat fragmentation were assessed for their abilities to measure different levels of fragmentation in 16-ha landscape windows of mapped seagrass. The landscape windows were grouped into five categories, from highly fragmented to continuous seagrass landscapes. Nested within the fragmentation categories were high and low levels of seagrass cover. Hierarchical analysis of variance techniques were used to differentiate between the different fragmentation categories and levels of seagrass cover within the fragmentation categories. Principal component analysis was also employed to determine strong correlations between the indices. The results suggest that (1) landscape division and (2) area-weighted mean perimeter to area ratio were the most appropriate indices for differentiating between independent levels of seagrass fragmentation. The splitting index may also be useful when the detection of small differences in cover is important.

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Chopra, Shruti, Ajit Varma, Seema Jain, Sangeeta Jain, and Devendra Choudhary. "Effect of Sperm Dna Fragmentation Index on Clinical Outcomes of Intra-Uterine Insemination Patients." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2230.

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Objective: To study the effect of sperm chromatin condensation (DNA fragmentation index (DFI)) using aniline blue-eosin (AB-E) staining on pregnancy outcomes in patients facing unexplained infertility undergoing intra- uterine insemination (IUI). Our initial hypothesis states that if DNA fragmentation is high then chances of pregnancy are low/NIL hence these patients should be recommended with advanced ART procedures like IVF and ICSI. Design: Prospective study Setting: Tertiary care infertility centre Method: A total of 185 patients with age less than 40 years, non-smokers and without history of any pathogenic infection in the past 2months facing unexplained infertility i.e., males with normal semen analysis reports and females with normal ovulation and hysterosalpingography (HSG) reports were selected for the study. Patients were undergoing their first or second IUI treatment cycle between the period of June 2016 to December 2016. DNA fragmentation index (DFI) using aniline blue- eosin staining method was studied in semen samples provided on the day of IUI procedure. The patients were separated into 3 groups: low DFI (DFI<= 10%), medium DFI (DFI=11 % - 20%), and high DFI (DFI >= 21%) and clinical pregnancy outcomes of IUI were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation co-efficient, ANOVA and Shapiro Wilk Test on the above groups. Main Outcome Measures: DNA fragmentation index (DFI) (%), Clinical pregnancy rate (%) Result: The overall clinical pregnancy rate for the selected patient pool was 21.08% with an average DFI of 8.84% in the pregnant female group and 14.65% in the non-pregnant female group. Sperm DFI % and clinical outcomes in IUI treated patients were statistically significant and negatively correlated with correlation coefficient (r) of -0.1, -0.3 and -0.3 in low DFI%, medium DFI and high DFI% groups respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that DFI (%) and clinical pregnancy rate (%) are significantly and negatively correlated in patients with normal semen parameters undergoing IUI. The higher the DFI% the chances of clinical pregnancy become very low, therefore, these patients should not be recommended IUI but with advanced ART procedures like IVF and ICSI.

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GUNNELL, D., M. SHEPHERD, and M. EVANS. "Are recent increases in deliberate self-harm associated with changes in socio-economic conditions? An ecological analysis of patterns of deliberate self-harm in Bristol 1972–3 and 1995–6." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002688.

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Background. The incidence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) in Britain has increased markedly over the last 30 years. Reasons for this rise are not clear. We have investigated whether changes in the social and economic environment underlie any of the recent increase in DSH incidence.Methods. An ecological analysis was used to assess associations between changes in census-based measures of the social and economic environment – the Townsend Deprivation Index and a three-factor social fragmentation index – and changes in age- and sex-specific hospital attendance rates for DSH for the 28 wards of the city of Bristol between 1972–3 and 1995–6.Results. There were significant cross-sectional associations between the Townsend Index and rates of DSH in both males and females in both time periods. Increases in Townsend Index were also associated with increases in DSH. This association was statistically significant at the 5% level in 25–34 year-old females. Associations with the social fragmentation index were weak, although our index was based on rather limited data.Conclusions. This analysis suggests that changes in levels of socio-economic deprivation may influence area-specific patterns of DSH and such changes may have contributed to recent rises in DSH.

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Yirigui, Yirigui, Sang-Woo Lee, A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi, Matthew R. Herman, and Jong-Won Lee. "Relationships between Riparian Forest Fragmentation and Biological Indicators of Streams." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2019): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102870.

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Anthropogenic activities, such as land use and land cover modifications in riparian areas, can alter the degree of fragmentation of riparian vegetation, lead to the degradation of stream habitats, and affect biological communities in the streams. The characteristics of the riparian forests can modify the condition of stream environments and the transporting mechanisms of materials, sediments, nutrients, and pollutants loaded from the watersheds. This study aimed to examine the relationships between forest fragmentation and three biological indicators of trophic diatom, benthic macroinvertebrate, and the fish assessment in the Nakdong River, Korea. Eighty-nine biological assessment sampling sites in the National Aquatic Ecological Monitoring Program of South Korea were identified. For each sampling site, riparian forest data within a 500 m radius were extracted from national LULC using GIS to compute fragmentation metrics using FRAGSTATS software. Four fragmentation metrics—number of forest patches, percentage of riparian forest cover (PLAND), largest riparian forest patch index (LPI), and riparian forest division index (DIVISION)—were correlated with the biological indicators. Also, due to severe spatial autocorrelation among observations, the fragmentation metrics and stream environmental variables were regressed to biological indicators using regression tree analysis. Our results indicate that the biological indicators were significantly associated with most forest fragmentation metrics. We found positive correlations of PLAND and LPI with biological indicators, whereas DIVISION was negatively correlated with biological indicators. Both correlation and regression tree analyses revealed that the biological conditions of streams were likely to be better if riparian forests are less fragmented. Particularly, stronger relationships were revealed between macroinvertebrates and fish with the fragmentation metrics of riparian forests than with benthic diatoms. However, these relationships varied with elevation, stream size, and slope conditions. The results of this study reinforced the importance of including riparian forests in the planning, restoration, and management of stream environments. These results also suggested that planners and managers may need to consider different strategies for different stream environments and topographic characteristics in managing riparian forests.

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Pechanec, Vilém, Eva Jelínková, Helena Kilianová, and Ivo Machar. "Analysis of fragmentation of selected steppe sites in the Pannonian region of the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 3 (2013): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361030765.

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The aim of this study was to analyze the landscape fragmentation in selected locations of the Pannonian region in three time periods. Landscape fragmentation is a process during which a large habitat is divided into a number of smaller parts. The fragmentation was analysed using the landscape-ecological indices for Patch Analyst extension. Data entering the analysis is in Esri shapefile format and was prepared for 1:10 000 scale size. To calculate the index of overall contrast of edges (borders), we used the FRAGSTATS application. The complete evaluation led us to the conclusion that the landscape fragmentation in the selected area over time rather increased. From the calculation of the overall contrast of edges, it is possible to identify increasing diversity of adjacent patches (small areas) in the landscape mosaic. In addition to the normal work indices, this study also works with Total Edge Contrast Index (TECI) which expresses the percentage difference of neighbouring land use categories depending on the length of edges between these categories. The calculated values of the entire studied area showed that the landscape fragmentation tends to increase over time, which can threaten biodiversity, reduce migration and colonization potential in the landscape, increase the susceptibility of the landscape for invasions of nonnative species and reduce hunting opportunities of local species. The calculation of the TECI proved increasing dissimilarity of neighbouring patches in the landscape mosaic. It can be caused by expansion of built-up area and construction of roads that are the abiotic components which disturb the processes of ecologically important elements of the landscape.

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Zhang, Chaozheng, and Danling Chen. "Fragmentation Reduction through Farmer-Led Land Transfer and Consolidation? Experiences of Rice Farmers in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070631.

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Land fragmentation has become a serious obstacle to agricultural production, and land transfer and consolidation are traditionally emphasized as the two most effective solutions to this quandary. To identify the extent of land fragmentation accurately and systematically, this study selected the number of plots, the average size of plots, and the average distance between plots to calculate the land fragmentation index (LFI). Taking the Wuhan metropolitan area as a case study, this study examined the effectiveness of farmer-led land transfer and consolidation on land fragmentation. The main results are as follows: (a) most of the transferred plots and contracted plots were not spatially adjacent, suggesting that the tenants could not merge and consolidate both plots; (b) land transfer caused the LFI to increase by 2.85%, suggesting that land transfer had intensified the degree of land fragmentation to some extent; (c) if the transferred and contracted plots were non-adjacent or adjacent but unmerged and unconsolidated, then the LFI might increase or decrease; (d) if the transferred and contracted plots were spatially adjacent, merged, and consolidated, then the LFI decreased significantly.

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Miciński, Piotr, Krzysztof Pawlicki, Ewa Wielgus, Michał Bochenek, Piotr Gogol, and Beata Ficek. "Total reactive antioxidant potential and DNA fragmentation index as fertility sperm parameters." Reproductive Biology 11, no. 2 (July 2011): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1642-431x(12)60050-3.

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CROUSE, J. D., and M. KOOHMARAIE. "Effect of Time of Sampling Postmortem on Myofibril Fragmentation Index of Meat." Journal of Food Science 55, no. 1 (January 1990): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06065.x.

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Ivory, Vivienne, Karen Witten, Clare Salmond, En-Yi Lin, Ru Quan You, and Tony Blakely. "The New Zealand Index of Neighbourhood Social Fragmentation: Integrating Theory and Data." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44, no. 4 (April 2012): 972–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44303.

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Okediji, Tade O. "The Dynamics of Ethnic Fragmentation. A Proposal for an Expanded Measurement Index." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 64, no. 2 (April 2005): 637–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2005.00382.x.

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Rajagopal, Kavitha, and George T. Oommen. "Myofibril Fragmentation Index as an Immediate Postmortem Predictor of Buffalo Meat Tenderness." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 39, no. 6 (August 15, 2014): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12331.

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Best, Jordan, Premal Patel, Taylor P. Kohn, Elaine de Quadros, and Ranjith Ramasamy. "Sperm DNA fragmentation index is not associated with recurrent IVF/ICSI failure." Fertility and Sterility 112, no. 3 (September 2019): e289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.849.

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Mishra, S., K. Mohanty, J. Pani, T. Hasan, R. Kumar, and R. Dada. "Expression of PARP1 in infertile men and correlation with DNA fragmentation index." Fertility and Sterility 98, no. 3 (September 2012): S241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.879.

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Jumani, Suman, Matthew J. Deitch:, Denis Valle, Siddarth Machado, Vincent Lecours, David Kaplan, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, and Jeanette Howard. "A new index to quantify longitudinal river fragmentation: Conservation and management implications." Ecological Indicators 136 (March 2022): 108680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108680.

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Yirigui, Lee, and Nejadhashemi. "Multi-Scale Assessment of Relationships between Fragmentation of Riparian Forests and Biological Conditions in Streams." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185060.

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Due to anthropogenic activities within watersheds and riparian areas, stream water quality and ecological communities have been significantly affected by degradation of watershed and stream environments. One critical indicator of anthropogenic activities within watersheds and riparian areas is forest fragmentation, which has been directly linked to poor water quality and ecosystem health in streams. However, the true nature of the relationship between forest fragmentation and stream ecosystem health has not been fully elucidated due to its complex underlying mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of riparian fragmented forest with biological indicators including diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish. In addition, we investigated variations in these relationships over multiple riparian scales. Fragmentation metrics, including the number of forest patches (NP), proportion of riparian forest (PLAND), largest riparian forest patch ratio (LPI), and spatial proximity of riparian forest patches (DIVISION), were used to quantify the degree of fragmentation of riparian forests, and the trophic diatom index (TDI), benthic macroinvertebrates index (BMI), and fish assessment index (FAI) were used to represent the biological condition of diatoms, macroinvertebrates, and fish in streams. PLAND and LPI showed positive relationships with TDI, BMI, and FAI, whereas NP and DIVISION were negatively associated with biological indicators at multiple scales. Biological conditions in streams were clearly better when riparian forests were less fragmented. The relationships of NP and PLAND with biological indicators were stronger at a larger riparian scale, whereas relationships of LPI and DIVISION with biological indicators were weaker at a large scale. These results suggest that a much larger spatial range of riparian forests should be considered in forest management and restoration to enhance the biological condition of streams.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fragmentation index'

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