Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fragmentation of international law

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Fragmentation of international law'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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VAN SLIEDREGT, ELIES. "Pluralism in International Criminal Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156512000477.

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Fragmentation of international law is a phenomenon that has been discussed ever since the ILC in 2000 decided to add to its programme of work the topic ‘Risks ensuing from the fragmentation of international law’. Koskenniemi, in a paper published in this journal, was one of the first to address fragmentation in legal literature. In 2006, he finalized a voluminous report on ‘Fragmentation of International Law’, providing for means and ways to cope with fragmentation.
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Cassimatis, Anthony E. "International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, and Fragmentation of International Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei185.

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International tribunals and legal scholars have been considering the relationship between International Humanitarian Law (‘IHL’) and International Human Rights Law (‘IHRL’) for a number of years.1 The International Court of Justice famously or infamously (depending on your perspective) considered their relationship in its Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion in 1996.2 The Court concluded that while IHRL did apply in times of armed conflict, when it came to the prohibition of arbitrarily taking human life in Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, the content of that prohibition had to be found in the lex specialis of IHL.
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Pankakoski, Timo, and Antto Vihma. "Fragmentation in International Law and Global Governance." Contributions to the History of Concepts 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2017.120103.

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This article examines the concept and metaphor of fragmentation and its underlying assumptions in international law and global governance. After engaging with fragmentation historically, we analyze current debates through five conceptual perspectives. Fragmentation is oft en perceived as a process, a gradation, a process with a single direction, a prognosis, and normatively as either loss or liberation. These interlinked tendencies carry conceptual implications, such as making fragmentation apparently inevitable or provoking positive revaluations of fragmentation in terms of differentiation. Furthermore, the conceptual coupling of fragmentation with modernity enhances these effects with an historical thesis. Consequently, fragmentation appears as a ubiquitous and necessary, rather than contingent, feature of modern law—a conceptual implication that may hinder empirical work, and that merits critical analysis.
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Seffinga, Vincent, and Mari Eldholm. "The Fragmentation of International Space Law." International Institute of Space Law 62, no. 3 (March 2019): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/iisl/2019062003001.

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Delimatsis, Panagiotis. "The Fragmentation of International Trade Law." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 1 (February 1, 2011): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011004.

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The fragmentation of general international law is not a new phenomenon. Nevertheless, it is a sign of our era and essentially results from the legal pluralism that characterizes it. Increasing adjudication also makes the study of this concept even more fascinating. The phenomenon of fragmentation manifests itself with particular tension in international trade law. Private interests and commercial transactions can be irreversibly affected by the absence of legal security or, worse, by the existence of contradictory rulings delivered by adjudicating bodies, which constantly compete for increasing jurisdiction and thus influence. This article reviews the discussion of fragmentation of international law and critically analyses the problem of absence of coherence in regulating trade. By focusing on adjudication, permissible sources of law, and interpretation, it argues for more openness towards non-trade law when interpreting trade rules.
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Koskenniemi, Martti, and Päivi Leino. "Fragmentation of International Law? Postmodern Anxieties." Leiden Journal of International Law 15, no. 3 (September 2002): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156502000262.

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Successive ICJ Presidents have expressed concern about the proliferation of international tribunals and substantive fragmentation of international law. This is not a new phenomenon. International law has always lacked a clear normative and institutional hierarchy. The problem is more how new institutions have used international law to further new interests, especially those not predominant in traditional law. The anxiety among ICJ judges should be seen less as a concern for abstract “coherence” than a worry about the demise of traditional principles of diplomatic law and the Court's privileged role as their foremost representative. As jurisdictional conflicts reflect divergent political priorities, it is unclear that administrative co-ordination can eliminate them. This does not, however, warrant excessive worries over fragmentation; it is an institutional expression of political pluralism internationally.
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Shestakova, Kseniia Dmitrievna, and Almira Saipulaevna Wissenberg. "Evolution of discourse on fragmentation of international law." Международное право, no. 1 (January 2020): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2644-5514.2020.1.29871.

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In this article the authors examine the development of modern international law in terms of the discourse on fragmentation, and set the following goals: 1) determine the phenomenon of “fragmentation” and systematize the reasons for the emergence of discourse on fragmentation; 2) trace the evolution of scientific views upon fragmentation as a phenomenon; 3) considering the currently prevalent views upon the mechanism of development of international law, as well as prevention and settlement of conflicts of norms within international law, repeatedly assess some traditional examples of “fragmentation” as the logical processes or processes posing a threat to the integrity of international law. As the examples, the article analyzes such classical disputes as the Decision of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the. Former Yugoslavia in the case of Dusko Tadic, as well as decision of the UN International Court on Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), series of cases regarding MOX plant, CME and Lauder v. Czech Republic, and others. It took almost a quarter of century for the science of international law – since the beginning of discussion of fragmentation until the “farewell” with fragmentation – to accept itself as an integral, but flexible legal system over again. The conclusion is made that the discourse on fragmentation and utilization of the term “fragmentation” had a so-called therapeutic effect for the theory of international law, allowing it to shift the focus, reassess and reconsider itself as a system that existed in all diversity and multiplicity of actors engaged in the process of its creation and application.
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Shongwe, Musa Njabulo. "The Fragmentation of International Law: Contemporary Debates and Responses." Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 19, no. 1 (July 22, 2020): 177–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116141_019010007.

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Abstract The fragmentation of international law is an undeniable issue in contemporary international law, which has received some considerable critical attention this past decade. Regardless of the fact that this is an age-old problem, its recent manifestations have sparked a debate in which two groups of international scholars (positivists and realists) have expressed contesting views on whether fragmentation is a real problem to be solved, or simply a pure academic anxiety about the future of international law. This paper describes why and how fragmentation is a problem of international law, through case law examples of substantive and procedural aspects of fragmentation. The paper then analyses the value of international law mechanisms of dealing with normative conflicts, as well as the shortcomings of those tools. The paper reviews the ongoing debate as to whether fragmentation is a negative or a positive force in the international legal order. The paper contributes to the academic debate by arguing that because of the structural make-up of the international legal system, fragmentation is inevitable, but at the same time, it is a manageable phenomenon. It is argued that fragmentation is a permanent feature of the international legal system, and as such, its relevance to the future of international law must not be undermined. The paper also argues and recommends that the ever-important goal of ensuring unity and coherence of the international legal system should never be lost, and this argument is advanced in view of contemporary academic scholarship that seeks to put the matter of fragmentation to rest.
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Cohen, Harlan Grant. "From International Law to International Conflicts of law: The fragmentation of Legitimacy." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 104 (2010): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.104.0049.

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Petersmann, Ernst-Ulrich. "“FRAGMENTATION” OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A STRATEGY FOR REFORMING INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 23, no. 1 (November 17, 2014): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90230037.

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International economic law (IEL) continues to evolve through dialectic processes of unilateral, bilateral, regional and worldwide regulation aimed at protecting cosmopolitan rights and transnational rule of law in mutually beneficial economic cooperation among citizens in a globalizing economy (section 1). The more transnational protection of cosmopolitan rights (e.g., human rights, trading, investor and social rights) depends on multilevel cooperation among national and international courts, the stronger becomes the need for justifying “multilevel judicial governance” by conceptions of “cosmopolitan” and “constitutional justice” rather than only by “Westphalian justice” and “commutative justice”, as reciprocally agreed in treaties among States (section 2). “Fragmentation” of “IEL among States” through multilevel economic regulation and adjudication (e.g., inside free trade areas and economic communities) is a necessary strategy for reforming international law for the benefit of citizens. In order to remain legitimate and reconcile the rational self-interests of citizens with their reasonable common interests, investment arbitration must remain embedded into multilevel human rights law and respect for legitimate “constitutional pluralism” protecting cosmopolitan rights, transnational “participatory” and “deliberative democracy” and rule of law through “consistent interpretations” and “judicial comity” among national and international courts of justice (section 3).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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Deplano, Rossana. "Fragmentation and constitutionalisation of international law : a teleological inquiry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6976.

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This dissertation examines the idea of constitutionalisation of international law in light of concerns of fragmentation. It focuses on the dynamic of fragmentation in the international legal system. It shows that arguments about constitutionalism do not represent a remedy to the phenomenon of fragmentation. Consequently, the dissertation advances arguments of integrity of international law. Further, the dissertation examines new developments in constitutionalisation practices that support a normative, teleological approach to constitutionalisation in the international legal system. The dissertation offers insights on both the autonomy of the concept of international constitutionalism and the idea of fragmentation as a universally recognised characteristic of modern international law. It offers recommendations on how to address charges of fragmentation in international law in light of the dominant conception of modern international law.
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Barberot, Martin. "La libéralisation du transport aérien international et la fragmentation du droit international." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103679.

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L'évolution rapide et les bouleversements successifs sont des traits caractéristiques du transport international aérien. Près de soixante-dix ans après la signature de la Convention de Chicago relative à l'aviation civile internationale, un constat s'impose : l'importance économique du transport aérien a considérablement augmenté. Qu'il s'agisse de transporter des marchandises, au soutien du commerce international, ou des individus, de plus en plus nombreux à avoir accès à ce mode de transport, une véritable prise de conscience de la part des Etats a révolutionné les paradigmes traditionnels du droit aérien ; ce dernier, initialement tourné vers les aspects de sécurité et sûreté des transports, ne peux plus délaisser la dimension économique du secteur. Parallèlement, la société internationale a connu un phénomène de complexification croissante. Cette évolution ne résulte pas seulement de l'apparition progressive, dans la période d'après guerre froide, d'un monde multipolaire, mais également d'un développement matériel du droit international aujourd'hui divisé en de multiples régimes juridiques indépendants aux légitimités politiques et juridiques égales. Ainsi a-t-on assisté au développement d'un droit international de l'environnement, d'un droit international du commerce, ou encore d'un droit international du développement. La présente étude a pour objet l'étude de l'évolution du droit international du transport aérien, historiquement associé à l'Organisation de l'Aviation Civile Internationale (OACI) et « ses » diverses conventions internationales, dans le contexte de la fragmentation du droit international. A travers cette démarche, l'évolution factuelle et juridique du droit associé au système de l'OACI sera mis en perspective dans ses rapprochement au système traditionnellement associé à la libéralisation du commerce international, celui de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC). Sera notamment souligné la « crise identitaire » actuellement traversée par le droit du transport aérien et les diverses pistes qui pourraient être explorées par les Etats pour favoriser le développement harmonieux du transport international aérien.
Fast evolution and successive dislocations are well known attributes of international air transportation. Nearly seventy years after the Chicago Convention has been signed, one must acknowledge the economic importance of international transportation has grown considerably. Focusing both on transportation of goods, supporting the development of international trade, and transportation of individuals, whose access to air transportation has constantly grown, States and their governments began to modernize, and thereby revolutionize air law's traditional paradigms; air law, initially focusing exclusively on safety and security aspects of transportation, must now integrate the economical dimensions of air transportation. At the same time, international society has become more and more complex in two different ways: firstly, in the Post-Cold War Area, a multi-polarized world began to emerge. Secondly, material developments of international law have resulted in the apparition of numerous independent legal systems of the same value such as environmental international law, international trade law or international development law. The main purpose of the following thesis is to study the recent evolutions of international air transportation law, historically based on the creation and development of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and associated international conventions, within the framework of the fragmentation of international law. Through this study, both the legal and factual evolutions of IACO Law will be addressed in the perspective of its joined application with the World trade Organization (WTO) law. Particular attention will be given to the question of an "identity crisis" the air transportation law is said to suffer from, and to the different ways of thoughts that could be followed to support a healthy economic development on international air transportation.
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Moundounga, Ntsigou Serge. "La fragmentation du droit international public : l'oeuvre de codification à la lumière de la fragmentation du droit international." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA005.

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Le phénomène de fragmentation reste assez complexe et se trouve mêlé à celui d’internormativité en ce sens qu’il englobe l’étude de la relation entre droit et société et, notamment, le droit international en tant que système juridique. La présente étude constitue, de manière générale, un essai sur l’œuvre de codification et de développement du droit international, en prenant en compte les récentes évolutions du droit international symbolisés dans ce que l’on qualifie, de plus en plus, de fragmentation du droit international. L’hypothèse gravite autour de l’extraordinaire expansion que connait cette discipline depuis près de cinquante ans et des changements survenus au niveau de ce qu’on appelle communément la « Communauté internationale ». L’intérêt est suscité par l’évolution des méthodes d’élaboration des normes du droit international, notamment du fait de la multiplication des organes compétents de l’ONU et le besoin de trouver des solutions pratiques au phénomène des conflits normatifs au niveau international. Ce sont là les deux conséquences (législative et institutionnelle) du phénomène de fragmentation qui menacent aujourd’hui l’ordre juridique international et l’unité du droit international. Il semble donc normal, compte tenu de cette situation, que se produise un nouvel essor de l’idée de codification du droit international
The phenomenon of fragmentation is quite complex and is involved in the phenomenon of internormativity in so much as it includes the study of the relationship between law and society and, in particular, international law as a legal system. This study is, as a general, an essay on the work of codification and progressive development of international law as embodied in the practice of the International Law Commission, taking into account recent developments in international law symbolized in what is termed, increasingly, fragmentation of international law. The case revolves around the extraordinary expansion that this discipline has being knowing for nearly fifty years now and around the changes affecting what is commonly called the ‘international community’. The interest is generated by the evolution of methods for the development of international law, owing in particular to the multiplication of the competent organs of the UN and the need to find practical solutions to the phenomenon of normative conflicts at the international level. These are two consequences (legal and institutional) of the phenomenon of fragmentation that now has come to threaten the international legal order and the unity of international law. Therefore, given this situation, the need for a strengthening of the concept of codification of international
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Delacour, Thibaut. "Les difficultés liées à la fragmentation du droit international : l'exemple de l'agriculture." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010297.

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Comme toute discipline, le droit international public utilise son « vocabulaire propre ». Si les termes « agression », « ambassade », ou « annexion » figurent parmi les nombreux thèmes de prédilection de la discipline, et sont couramment répertoriés dans les index des ouvrages de droit international, ils n’y côtoient que très rarement le terme « agriculture ». L’agriculture demeure effectivement « un sujet relativement peu étudié en droit international ». Un tel constat peut apparaître paradoxal, dans la mesure où la coopération internationale en matière d’agriculture n’a cessé de croître – non sans difficulté – depuis maintenant plus d’un siècle. L’agriculture qui a toujours figuré parmi les préoccupations essentielles des États ne pouvait être ignorée en droit international. À cet égard, le droit international relatif à l’agriculture n’a cessé de se développer. L’agriculture demeure aujourd’hui une préoccupation de tout premier ordre à l’échelle internationale. Or, la population agricole et rurale qui constitue le socle de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale est extrêmement vulnérable. Cette situation de précarité entretient des cercles vicieux dont les premières victimes sont les femmes et les enfants et explique en partie la situation de crise alimentaire mondiale chronique. La question du développement économique et social – qui est depuis 1945 au cœur du projet des Nations Unies – apparaît étroitement liée à celle du développement de l’agriculture. À l’échelle internationale, les écarts en matière de développement agricole demeurent considérables et les perspectives d’évolution de l’économie agricole apparaissent pour le moins incertaines. Après des décennies de baisse tendancielle des prix , les marchés agricoles se caractérisent depuis quelques années par leur volatilité, et par une tendance à la hausse des prix. Cette évolution – dont les causes et les conséquences sont encore la source de vifs débats entre économistes – survient alors que le processus de libéralisation des échanges agricoles, engagé depuis deux décennies, peine à trouver un nouveau souffle à l’échelle multilatérale. Le développement de l’agriculture est également étroitement lié aux grands enjeux environnementaux internationaux, tels que la préservation de la biodiversité, la gestion des ressources naturelles et les changements climatiques [...]
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Al, Askar Mohammed Hussain. "Alliance formation and political fragmentation in the Arab world." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185949.

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This research showed that data and events involving alliance formation and political fragmentation in the Arab world and particularly the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from 1945-1990 were not treated sufficiently in the general theoretical works surveyed. A host of new propositions dealing with the dichotomy of alliances and their fragmentation are contributed herein to the body of general knowledge regarding alliance formation. The eleven categories of hypotheses, from the most represented in the literature to the least, dealt with national attributes, war and alliances, economic systems, political fragmentation, balance of power, foreign aid, bandwagoning strategy, integrative process, gaming and alliances, balance of threats, and chain-gang and buck-passing strategies. Using the GCC as a case study, a total of 145 propositions were examined; 45 (31%) were operationalized. The national attributes category was the most applicable followed by balancing strategies, indicating that commonality among states and expediency are essential to GCC alliance formation. Whereas war and alliances is the next important category in the literature, balance of threats is more applicable because GCC members are disadvantaged in their military capabilities. A balancer was required to protect the status quo, a role which was fulfilled by the United States. Economic variables are fairly represented in the theoretical operationalization, indicating that the Arab Gulf states were utility maximizers. They employed oil, their sole significant collective good, to fulfill national objectives, internally as well as externally. In addition, the six states were among the leading countries in their gifts of economic aid. But the relationship between aid and alliance formation in the Gulf exhibits a stronger association with other states in the world, not among themselves. The GCC is an elitist undertaking, as measured by the high level of summits and ministerial meetings, with little popular participation and a lack of citizen contribution to the progress of the organization. This, in effect, slowed down the integrative process, which was the ultimate objective behind the creation of the Council. While political feuds and territorial claims have threatened to fragment the Council, the framers' overriding concerns about security and self-preservation have acted as unifying factors, guaranteeing the endurance of the GCC alliance to date.
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Martineau, Anne-Charlotte. "Une analyse critique du débat sur la fragmentation du droit international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010336/document.

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Cette thèse cherche à analyser de manière critique le débat sur la fragmentation du droit international tel qu'il est apparu à la fin des années 1990. Débattre de la fragmentation, c'est débattre du sort réservé au droit international en raison de la prolifération des institutions et des modes de pensée spécialisés. De l'extérieur, le droit international public semble dépassé par les structures dynamiques et informelles de gouvernance privée tandis que de l'intérieur, la croissance continue de ses branches spécialisées pose la question de savoir s'il existe encore un tronc commun ou un noyau dur autour duquel la discipline serait unifiée. Du point de vue interne, donc, la multiplication des règles et des institutions spécialisées l'ont perçue comme un danger qui doit -et qui peut- être évité, tant et aussi longtemps que l'on assure la cohérence ou l'unité d'interprétation du droit international général et de ses branches spécialisées, travail qui incombe à la dogmatique juridique ainsi qu'à la pratique juridictionnelle. Du point de vue externe, l'apparition des régimes de régulation fonctionnels témoigne plus simplement de l'impact de la mondialisation sur le droit (international) et de la façon dont celui-ci s'adapte à celle-là au travers de nouveaux processus déformalisés de juridisation. L'objectif de cette thèse est de montrer qu'aucune des positions ne peut l'emporter de manière décisive sur les autres, de comprendre pourquoi et d'analyser les conséquences de cette indétermination
The aim of this PhD is to critically analyse the debate on the fragmentation of internationallaw as it émerged in the late 1990s. This debate is a debate about the fate of international law in light of the proliferation of specialised institutions and multiple modes of thinking. From the outside, public international law seems sidelined by the informaI structures of private governance while, from the inside, its functional differentiation raises the question of whether there is a centre around which the discipline would still be unified. From an internaI viewpoint, thus, the multiplication of specialised mIes and institutions looks like a dangerous evolution that should -and can- be avoided, as long as international lawyers ensure a consistency in the interpretation ofboth general internationallaw and specialised regimes. From an external viewpoint, the growth of regulatory regimes seems to reflect the impact of globalisation on (international) law and the way law responds to the functional difTerentiation of global society. The objective of this the sis is to show that none of the positions can prevail decisively over the others, to understand why, and to analyse the consequences of such an indetermination
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Young, Margaret Anne. "Trade related aspects of fisheries : fragmentation and regime interaction in international law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612483.

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Mawar, Deepak. "Peace and justice development in international law : from a Victorian tradition to fragmentation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/peace-and-justice-development-in-international-law-from-a-victorian-tradition-to-fragmentation(5f5330cb-9598-45b0-add8-f2e450946f06).html.

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Prost, Mario. "Unitas multiplex - les unités du droit international et la politique de la fragmentation." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32357.

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Law and a fortiori lawyers despise emptiness and multiplicity, as evidenced by the present-day debate on the so-called « fragmentation » of international law. Surrounded by uncertainty, paradox and contradiction, international law scholars show a somewhat artificial and quasi-compulsive attachment to the unity of their law. Although it seems to be accepted all round as evident, however, the idea of unity calls for a critical examination and a theoretical elaboration. What does it mean for international law to be « One » ? Is there only one way to conceive of international law's unity ? Is unity only about norms, or does it also involve juridical forms and values ? Is unity monocausational or does it rest on a complex nexus of different dynamics – whether deontic, hermeneutic, ethical or cultural ? While fragmentation is becoming something of a canonical question in the international law discipline, the present study is an invitation to suspend the mainstream discourse on fragmentation and to put the postulate of unity on hold. To put unity on hold does not mean to rebut or refute it indefinitely. Rather, it means questioning the way in which it is accepted as an undisputed assumption, disquieting the usage of this taken-for-granted concept, showing that it is not self-explanatory and that unity might not necessarily be what we thought in the first place. The argument revolves around one central claim about the unity of international law : behind a seemingly simple and elementary concept lies a complex and multidimensional problematic. The modern « technicians of unity » cut unity down to the binary laws of conflicts of norms and jurisprudence. Against this, the
Le droit, et a fortiori les juristes, ont horreur du vide et du multiple. Le débat contemporain sur la « fragmentation » du droit international en offre une illustration saillante. Cerné par les incertitudes, les paradoxes et les contradictions de son droit, l'internationaliste fait montre d'un attachement quelque peu artificiel et quasiment compulsif à l'idée d'unité de l'ordre juridique international. Acceptée partout, ou presque, comme une évidence, cette idée-là mérite pourtant un examen critique et réclame une élaboration théorique. Que signifie en effet, pour le droit international, le fait d'être « Un » ? N'y a-t-il qu'une seule façon de concevoir l'unité de l'ordre juridique international ? L'unité du droit international est-elle simplement une affaire de normes, ou bien se joue-t-elle également du côté des formes et des valeurs juridiques ? Cette unité est-elle monocausale ou repose-t-elle sur un entrelacs complexe de dynamiques variées – dynamiques déontiques, herméneutiques, éthiques ou culturelles ? A l'heure où la fragmentation est en train de se constituer en question canonique de la discipline du droit international, cette étude appelle à suspendre un temps le discours doctrinal conventionnel et à tenir en suspicion le postulat d'unité. Tenir en suspicion ne veut pas dire le récuser définitivement, mais simplement secouer la quiétude avec laquelle on l'accepte, l'arracher à sa quasi-évidence, montrer qu'il ne va pas de soi et qu'il n'est pas nécessairement ce qu'on croyait au premier regard. L'argument s'articule autour d'une proposition centrale : le concept d'unité du droit, masqué par une simplicité trompeu
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Guntrip, Edward John. "The 'de-fragmentation' of international investment law and international human rights law : a procedural basis for a host state human rights defence in ICSID arbitration." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13855.

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This thesis considers the intersection of international investment law and international human rights law in ICSID arbitration by reference to the ‘fragmentation’ of public international law. More specifically, it argues that it is possible to establish a procedural basis for a host state human rights defence in ICSID arbitration. Utilising a systemic conception of public international law driven by state consent, it is posited that regime conflict between international investment law and international human rights law in ICSID arbitration justifies the introduction of a host state human rights defence. By reference to the ICSID Arbitral Rules, this thesis establishes a viable basis for the introduction of international human rights law into ICSID arbitration by a host state. Finally, it is argued that a procedural basis for a host state human rights defence in ICSID arbitration has the ability to ‘de-fragment’ international investment law and international human rights law.
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Books on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0.

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Regime interaction in international law: Facing fragmentation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Gerhard, Hafner, and Buffard Isabelle, eds. International law between universalism and fragmentation: Festschrift in honour of Gerhard Hafner. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2009.

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Fauchald, Ole Kristian, and André Nollkaemper. The practice of international and national courts and the (de-)fragmentation of international law. Oxford: Hart, 2012.

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Okafor, Obiora Chinedu. Re-defining legitimate statehood: International law and state fragmentation in Africa. The Hague: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 2000.

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The prospects of international trade regulation: From fragmentation to coherence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Cottier, Thomas. The prospects of international trade regulation: From fragmentation to coherence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Gradoni, Lorenzo. La circulation des concepts juridiques: Le droit international de l'environnement entre mondialisation et fragmentation. Paris, France: Société de législation comparée, 2009.

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The fragmentation of global climate governance: Consequences and management of regime interactions. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2014.

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Kulovesi, Kati. The WTO dispute settlement system: Challenges of the environment, legitimacy and fragmentation. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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Cordero-Moss, Giuditta. "Fragmentation and fertilisation of international law." In Reimagining the International Legal Order, 53–61. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003388821-6.

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van Asselt, Harro. "Managing the Fragmentation of International Climate Law." In Climate Change and the Law, 329–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5440-9_13.

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Avgerinopoulou, Dionysia-Theodora. "Fragmentation of Science, International Environmental Law, and International Institutions." In Science-Based Lawmaking, 75–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21417-3_3.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Fragmentation of International Trade Law due to the Activity of PTA-DSMs." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 5–76. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_2.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Results on the Role of PTA-DSMs for the Fragmentation of International Trade Law." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 217–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_6.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Annex." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 279–333. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_8.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Putting the Revisited Methodology Into Practice." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 97–216. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_5.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Developing the Ramifications for the Analysis on the Contribution of Active PTA-DSMs to the Diversity in the Regulation of International Trade." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 93–96. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_4.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Bibliography." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 335–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_9.

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Wasilczyk, Patrick. "Revisiting Methodological Shortcomings for Assessing the Role of PTA-DSMs for the Fragmentation of International Trade Law." In Fragmentation of International Trade Law Reassessed, 77–91. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40601-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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Chuiko, Anna A. "Some Ways to Solve the Fragmentation of International Law." In XIV Итоговая студенческая научная конференция. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/9785604755136_310.

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Zhang, Zhi-gang, and Ken-ichiro Sugiyama. "Fragmentation of a Single Molten Metal Droplet Penetrating Sodium Pool: Comparisons of Thermal and Hydrodynamic Fragmentation." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75390.

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In order to characterize the relationship between hydrodynamic and thermal fragmentation of molten metallic fuels with the interaction of the coolant of sodium in the wide range of thermal and hydrodynamic conditions, the present paper focuses on a series of fragmentation experiments of a single molten copper droplets (1∼5 g) with wide ambient Weber number (102 ∼ 614) and superheat condition (15 ∼ 574 °C), which penetrated a sodium pool. The intensive fragmentations of single molten copper droplets were clearly observed even at the instantaneous contact interface temperatures (Ti) below the melting point besides higher Ti. The size distributions of molten droplet with high Weber number somewhat incline to be less than those with low Weber number in the same thermal condition. When approximately Wea>200, the effect of hydrodynamic fragmentation becomes predominant over that of thermal fragmentation in the low superheat condition. In the high Weber number or high superheating condition separately, the size distributions of the single metal droplet and jet reported by Schins’ group with different mass of thousand times can keep very similar. Moreover, the values of Dm/D0 must be quite small. The relatively larger size distributions of the single metal droplet and the jet reported by Nishimura et al. will only arise in the both low Weber number and low superheating condition.
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WANG, CHUANTING, YIZHE YANG, YONG HE, YUAN HE, LEI GUO, YUE MA, and ZHENWEI ZHANG. "STUDY ON IMPACT INDUCED FRAGMENTATION OF W/ZR ALLOY." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36150.

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In this paper, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of tungsten-zirconium alloy and the impact crushing law of the material were studied, and the fracture morphology of the recovered samples was observed under scanning electron microscope. The true stress-strain curves under static and dynamic conditions were obtained by quasi-static compression experiment and split Hopkinson pressure bar experiment. It was found that the increase of tungsten content would decrease the plasticity and increase the yield strength of the material. The relationship between the residual mass of tungstenzirconium alloys and the size of the fragments under the impact velocity was obtained by Taylor impact experiment. It was found that the power law distribution theory for brittle materials could also describe the impact fragmentation of binary tungsten-zirconium alloys with non-brittle properties.
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Cirak, Fehmi, Michael Ortiz, and Anna Pandolfi. "Finite-Element Simulation of Thin-Shell Fracture and Fragmentation." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59125.

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We develop a finite-element method for the simulation of dynamic fracture and fragmentation of thin-shells. The shell is spatially discretized with subdivision shell elements and the fracture along the element edges is modeled with a cohesive law. In order to follow the propagation and branching of cracks, subdivision shell elements are pre-fractured ab initio and the crack opening is constrained prior to crack nucleation. This approach allows for shell fracture in an in-plane tearing mode, a shearing mode, or a bending of hinge mode. The good performance of the method is demonstrated through the simulation of petalling failure experiments in aluminum plates.
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HELTE, ANDREAS, OLOF ANDERSSON, and PATRIK LUNDBERG. "INFLUENCE OF FRICTION ON A DOUBLE CASED FRAGMENTING WARHEAD." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36060.

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The interface condition between the different casings in a multi-cased fragmentation charge is essential for its fragmentation behaviour. In this study, a double cased controlled fragmentation charge with a smooth outer casing and an internal grooved inner casing is considered. In particular, the influence on friction between the inner and outer casing on the fragmentation behaviour is studied using numerical simulations and experiments. In the numerical simulations, the friction coefficient in the contact between the inner and outer casings is varied. Experiments on charges with different interface treatments between the casings are performed with various diagnostic tools in order to capture the deformation, fragmentation and acceleration of the casings. Three different interface treatments that give rise to different friction coefficients are tested; a shrink-fit joint, a thin layer of lubricant grease between the casings and a Teflon layer on the outside of the inner casing. It is found that the amount of friction between the casings influences both the deformation before fragmentation and the resulting shape of the fragment from the outer casing. For the highfriction conditions, one large and several small fragments are produced for each diamond on the inner casing. The low-friction condition results in long zigzag-shaped stripes of materials originating from the casing material closest to the grooves and many small fragments from the casing material between the grooves.
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Zhang, Zhi-gang, and Ken-ichiro Sugiyama. "Fragmentation of a Single Molten Stainless Steel and Aluminum Droplet Penetrating a Sodium Pool." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29523.

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In order to clarify the fragmentation of molten core structural material (stainless steel) and molten metallic fuel and claddings on liquid phase formed by metallurgical reactions (liquefaction temperature = 650°C) during core disruptive accidents (CDAs), the present study focuses on the fragmentation of single molten stainless steel (316SS) and aluminum droplet penetrating a sodium pool. The temperatures of 3–5g molten aluminum droplets were 1002 to 1399°C, and the sodium pool was about 300°C. The instantaneous contact interface temperatures (Ti) between the molten aluminum droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 741°C below the boiling point of sodium (Tc,bp) to 1019°C above Tc,bp. The temperatures of 5g molten 316SS droplets were 1510 to 1706°C, and the temperatures of sodium pool vary about 300–400°C. The Ti values between the molten 316SS droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 916 to 1082°C. Fragmentation of the single molten aluminum droplet was clearly observed even at Ti ≪ Tc,bp. When Ti is approximately equal to or higher than the boiling point, the intensive fragmentation of droplet was clearly observed independent of Wea condition. Fragmentation of the single molten 316SS droplet was clearly observed even at Ti below its melting point. The Dm values of aluminum and 316SS droplets with relatively high Wea tend to be lower than those of droplets with relatively low Wea under the relatively low Ti condition. These results indicate the fragmentation of the molten core structural material and eutectic alloy fuels in liquid phase formed by the metallurgical reactions could possibly occur under the low Ti condition below and above the sodium boiling point, which is promising to assure the termination of accidents in CDAs and useful to the core design with enhanced safety in FBRs.
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Gill, J. C., S. Baganz, J. Endres-Brooks, and R. R. Montgomery. "ABNORMAL vWF IN CONGENITAL CARDIAC DISEASE: EVIDENCE FOR FRAGMENTATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644086.

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We previously reported the presence of an acquired von Willebrand factor (vWF) abnormality characterized by absence of the highest molecular weight (raw) multimers in 12 children with non-cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions. In order to determine the prevalence and define the mechanism of the vWF defect, a prospective series of 17 children were studied at the time of cardiac catheterization. In addition to standard coagulation and vWF assays, vWF multimeric patterns were determined by SDS agarose electrophoresis using two agarose concentrations, low concentration (0.65%) and high concentration (3.0%). Nine of the 17 children had absence of high mw vWF multimers on 0.65% agarose gels as follows:Of 5 children with absence of high mw vWF multimers on 0.65% agarose gels, 4 had 3% agarose gel patterns similar to that seen in patients with Type IIA von Willebrand disease (vWd). Two of 3 studied had the presence of vWF:frag on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The patterns were not different when samples were drawn into a "cocktail" of proteolytic inhibitors. There was no correlation of abnormal vWF multimers with elevated B thromboglobulin, low dose ristocetin induced platelet aggregation or abnormal platelet vWF subunits. Thus, abnormal vWF multimers are commonly associated with non-cyanotic congenital cardiac lesions, particularly VSD. The lack of abnormality in platelet vWF multimers, absent low dose ristocetin aggregation, and presence of vWF:frag suggests that these alterations may be secondary to fragmentation or are of endothelial cell origin.
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Geske, Andrejs, Rita Kiseļova, and Olga Pole. "Quality of Education in Latvian Municipalities and State Cities – Results of International Studies and State Examinations." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.58.

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In 2021 a new Law on Administrative Territories and Populated Areas came into force in the Republic of Latvia. To reduce fragmentation, the number of municipalities and State cities was reduced from 119 to 43. There were no changes in 11 local governments, however, other new structures were formed by merging two to eight local governments. On the one hand, these changes are creating new challenges in the education process and institution management, but on the other hand – larger local governments with larger numbers of schools and students opens up new opportunities. One of the opportunity is to make a more accurate assessment of student achievement, which characterizes the performance of a local government’s educational institutions. The aim of this article is to show that despite the great differences between local governments (e. g. population differences from 3 to 614 thousand) it is possible to assess the quality of education in local governments by using data from state examinations and international comparative education studies. Over the last few years Latvia has taken part in IEA (International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement), ICCS (International Civic and Citizenship Education Study), PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study), and TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study), as well as in OECD PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment). To obtain the results the data were used from all mentioned studies. This article was supported by European Social Fund project No. 8.3.6.2/17/I/001
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Machado, Caroline, and Fernanda Kuroski. "Carl Schmitt and his legal support relationship with Nazism." In V Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvmulti2024-010.

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This study will address the life and work of Carl Schmitt, highlighting his legal theory, his relationship with the Nazi regime and the impact of his ideas on the process of Nazification of German law. Schmitt was a controversial thinker of the 20th century, whose legal reflection was intertwined with his political ideas and the historical context of his time. His theory of decisionism established a direct correlation between Law and Sovereignty, questioning formal normativism and liberalism. Despite being criticized for his affiliation with the Nazi party in 1933, his legal work is considered profound and coherent, deserving scientific study independent of ideologies. During the Weimar Republic, Schmitt feared the crisis and fragmentation of the German State and defended exceptional powers for the President of the Reich. The rise of the Nazis to power surprised him, but he tried to realize his constitutional theory of the "Total State", which ended up influencing the Nazification of law. The use of general clauses and vague concepts allowed the interpretation of norms in accordance with the Nazi worldview. Schmitt argued that judges should fill out the content of the clauses in accordance with the Führer's vision, aligning the courts' actions with the interests of the German people. Schmitt's relationship with the Nazi regime was ambiguous, oscillating between moments of support and distrust of Hitler. The work highlights the importance of historical contextualization to understand Schmitt's reflections and the impact of his ideas on the application of law during the Nazi period. The research seeks to offer a critical and independent analysis, aiming to deepen the understanding of the thinker and his legacy, which still resonate in contemporary debates on law and politics.
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Gelbutovskiy, Alexander B., Peter I. Cheremisin, Yuri A. Epikhin, Alexander V. Troshev, and Eugeny V. Balushkin. "NPP Bulk Equipment Dismantling Problems and Experience." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40223.

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NPP bulk equipment dismantling problems and experience are summarized. “ECOMET-S” JSC is shown as one of the companies which are able to make NPPs industrial sites free from stored bulk equipment with its further utilization. “ECOMET-S” JSC is the Russian Federation sole specialized metallic LLW (MLLW) treatment and utilization facility. Company’s main objectives are waste predisposal volume reduction and treatment for the unrestricted release as a scrap. Leningrad NPP decommissioned main pumps and moisture separators/steam super heaters dismantling results are presented. Prospective fragmentation technologies (diamond and electro-erosive cutting) testing results are described. The electro-erosive cutting machine designed by “ECOMET-S” JSC is presented. The fragmentation technologies implementation plans for nuclear industry are presented too.
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Reports on the topic "Fragmentation of international law"

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Lewis, Dustin, Naz Modirzadeh, and Gabriella Blum. Medical Care in Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law and State Responses to Terrorism. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/hwga7438.

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The surge in armed conflicts involving terrorism has brought to the fore the general question of medical care in armed conflict and the particular legal protections afforded to those providing such care to terrorists. Against this backdrop, we evaluate international humanitarian law (IHL) protections for wartime medical assistance concerning terrorists. Through that lens, we expose gaps and weaknesses in IHL. We also examine tensions between IHL and state responses to terrorism more broadly. In studying the IHL regime applicable to medical care, substantive fragmentation and gaps in legal protection between states and across types of conflict emerge. These ruptures are not new. But they are increasingly noticeable as terrorism is more frequently conceptualized as forming part of armed conflicts and as more states undertake aggressive responses to terrorist threats. The U.N. Security Council has been a key driver of these responses, requiring member states to take more and broader steps to obviate terrorist threats. Yet so far the Council has not required that, in doing so, states fully exempt impartial wartime medical care, even in circumstances that would render such care protected under IHL. Rather, the Council seems to consider providing medical assistance and supplies to al-Qaeda and its associates as at least a partial ground for designating those who facilitate such care as terrorists themselves. The overall result today is unsatisfactory. By prosecuting physicians for supporting terrorists through medical care in armed conflicts, some states are likely violating their IHL treaty obligations. But in certain other instances where states intentionally curtail impartial medical care there is no clear IHL violation. Both those actual IHL violations and the lack of clear IHL violations, we think, are cause for concern. The former represent failures to implement the legal regime. And the latter highlight the non-comprehensiveness - or, at least, the indeterminateness and variability - of the normative framework.
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Loveland, Olivia. International Refugee Law. Portland State University Library, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.280.

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Dzhangarov, A. I., and H. A. Akhmetova. TRENDS IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP AND INTERNATIONAL LAW. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/1414-2368-7894-78951.

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Gupta, Sourabh. Trump’s tariff overreach jeopardises international law. East Asia Forum, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1531778428.

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Crochet, Victor. Fixing fragmentation in the settlement of international trade disputes. East Asia Forum, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1708812000.

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Ruse – Khan, Henning Grosse. Sustainable Development In International Intellectual Property Law. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_ip_20101011.

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Morgenstern, Leora. Toward Automated International Law Compliance Monitoring (TAILCM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608547.

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Manson, Janet. International law, German Submarines and American Policy. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2489.

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Raju, Nivedita, and Laura Bruun. Integrating Gender Perspectives into International Humanitarian Law. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/qilu7567.

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International humanitarian law (IHL) aims to limit the impacts of armed conflict through rules and protections. However, while IHL seemingly accords protection to ‘all persons’, it may fail to do so, especially on the basis of gender. In turn, failure to include gender perspectives in IHL can result in inaccurate assessments of civilian harm. This paper explores the missing gender perspectives in IHL and proposes that they be integrated with intersectional considerations. The paper first examines inherent gender bias in the wording of certain IHL rules, highlighting several issues including gender essentialism, limited distinction between sex and gender, and the need to overcome a binary approach to gender to ensure adequate protections for the LGBTQIA+ community. The paper also examines key rules of IHL which are particularly sensitive to bias in interpretation and application, including certain rules on weapons, the rules guiding the conduct of hostilities, and obligations to provide legal advice and legal training to the armed forces. Finally, the paper concludes with action points to more effectively integrate intersectional gender perspectives into IHL.
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Allen, III, and Norman F. J. Reprisal Under International Law: A Defense to Criminal Conduct? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada498017.

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