Academic literature on the topic 'Fragmentation science'

While state has traditionally been the sole (or at least primary) unit of analysis in International Relations, scholars are increasingly recognizing non-state entities, such as interstate organizations, multinational companies, terrorist cells, religious institutions, non-governmental organizations, epistemic communities, and transnational advocacy networks as actors in international politics. A natural question arises: is International Relations, as a discipline, capable of conceptualizing and explicating complex webs of relations among a myriad of actors, or is mapping a new field of enquiry required? Transnational Studies, offered at various degree levels at several universities, positions itself as a sub-filed within Humanities, mainly preoccupied with historical, social, cultural and linguistic aspects of cross-border interactions. Global Studies seems to reconcile International Relations and Transnational Studies. However, Global Studies, as a discipline, is only in the making; its emergence is surrounded by healthy skepticism.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 658-681).
The internal unity and discipline of insurgent groups helps us understand the military effectiveness of armed groups, patterns of violence against civilians, and the ability of insurgent organizations to negotiate and demobilize, but the causes of insurgent cohesion and fragmentation have not been systematically or comparatively examined. This study offers a theory to explain why some armed groups are more cohesive and controlled than others. It argues that the trajectories of insurgent organizations can be substantially explained by focusing on two variables: the structure of the social networks and institutions upon which the organization is built, and the organization's access to material resources from outside the war zone. First, the structure of the core networks upon which an organization is constructed determines the internal social environment of the group: its social base shapes its organizational form. The denser the core networks, and more tightly they pull together local communities, the more robust will be the organization that emerges. Social embeddedness can therefore be more important than mass political popularity, public goods provision, or ideology in providing the basis for enduring organizational cohesion. Organizations built around coalitions of localized pockets of collective action or leaders operating among populations with whom they lack social ties will face severe problems of internal control - regardless of organizational blueprints or ethnic and class appeals. Second, external material support from states and diasporas tends to centralize internal control and to enhance insurgent military power. Rather than encouraging looting and thuggishness, resource-wealth can fuel highly cohesive and disciplined armed organizations. The interaction of social bases and external support generates empirically distinct trajectories of organizational cohesion. Mechanisms explaining change over time are derived from the structural underpinnings of this argument. This theory is tested with a study of 26 armed groups in nine civil wars. The primary research design is a set of within-conflict comparisons of insurgent organizations in civil wars in Kashmir, Northern Ireland, and Sri Lanka. Within each war there is dramatic variation across groups within a shared structural context. Fieldwork, primary sources, and secondary sources are used to trace out the different trajectories of militancy and their origins. An external validity check is provided by a study of Southeast Asia, relying on a cross-national comparison of communist insurgents in Malaya, Vietnam, and the Philippines, a sub-national, cross-conflict comparison of armed groups in Aceh and East Timor, and a within-conflict comparison of separatists in the southern Philippines. These comparisons reveal strong support for the theory relative to its competitors while also uncovering new mechanisms of change and evolution.
by Paul Stephen Staniland.
Ph.D.

During the nineties, Colombia experienced a two-fold process of restructuring. First, the political system underwent a process of constitutional reform in order to strengthen the state and increase its legitimacy, surpass the exclusionary character of the political regime, and achieve greater equity in the distribution of social resources. Second, the economy made the transition from a Keynesian development strategy to a strategy of "opening" or liberalization and internationalization of the economy, in order to increase the economic efficiency by reducing the “size” of the state and its regulatory role. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the interplay and contradictions of economic and political factors in the restructuring of the Colombian politico-economic system. The main finding of this dissertation is that the simultaneous adoption of a neoliberal economic strategy and of the Political Constitution of 1991, have had a contradictory relationship: while the “political opening” has produced favorable conditions for fostering programs of democratization and social integration, the “economic opening” has counteracted that possibility given that it implies a social exclusionary process. This tension has aggravated the problems o f political and social integration that have traditionally characterized Colombian society. This crucial tension has also been characteristic o f Latin America in the nineties. However, it has been neglected and undertheorized in most of the democratization studies of American comparative politics. Most of them lack consideration of structural aspects. According to those studies, the cause of regime change is determined by the strategic elections of actors. Contrary to these approaches, I develop a structural perspective. I consider that social phenomena are partly determined by structural factors, and scientific research should, assign them decisive importance, since a fundamental basis for social action and transformation is to be found in the dynamics o f relationships between individuals and structures and the development of contradictions within structures.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, May, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 260-279).
Political science research devotes considerable attention to the impact of political risk on multinational companies' (MNCs') behavior. However, this body of research suffers from two main oversights: (1) a disproportionate focus on MNCs' investment decisions, and (2) an assumption that political risk takes a common, centralized form across countries. In this dissertation, I redirect, attention to the political determinants of MNCs' supply chain linkages. I argue that these linkages represent a risk-mitigating strategy for MNCs, and one that is particularly well suited for dealing with environments where the sources of political risk are spread throughout the state apparatus -- which I refer to as fragmented political risk. To test this theory, I draw on both cross-sectional survey data of MNCs in Sub-Saharan Africa and firm-level panel data from Indonesia -- a country that experienced a profound fragmentation in the structure of political risk. The principal finding of this research is that fragmented political risk causes MNCs to increase their use of local suppliers, with particularly strong effects among those that are (1) more vulnerable to political risk, and (2) have a greater capacity to adopt linkages, in general. These findings qualify research on the political determinants of FDI by showing that MNCs, and not merely states, are capable of resolving political risk in the host country.
by Nicholas Intscher.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science

This research showed that data and events involving alliance formation and political fragmentation in the Arab world and particularly the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from 1945-1990 were not treated sufficiently in the general theoretical works surveyed. A host of new propositions dealing with the dichotomy of alliances and their fragmentation are contributed herein to the body of general knowledge regarding alliance formation. The eleven categories of hypotheses, from the most represented in the literature to the least, dealt with national attributes, war and alliances, economic systems, political fragmentation, balance of power, foreign aid, bandwagoning strategy, integrative process, gaming and alliances, balance of threats, and chain-gang and buck-passing strategies. Using the GCC as a case study, a total of 145 propositions were examined; 45 (31%) were operationalized. The national attributes category was the most applicable followed by balancing strategies, indicating that commonality among states and expediency are essential to GCC alliance formation. Whereas war and alliances is the next important category in the literature, balance of threats is more applicable because GCC members are disadvantaged in their military capabilities. A balancer was required to protect the status quo, a role which was fulfilled by the United States. Economic variables are fairly represented in the theoretical operationalization, indicating that the Arab Gulf states were utility maximizers. They employed oil, their sole significant collective good, to fulfill national objectives, internally as well as externally. In addition, the six states were among the leading countries in their gifts of economic aid. But the relationship between aid and alliance formation in the Gulf exhibits a stronger association with other states in the world, not among themselves. The GCC is an elitist undertaking, as measured by the high level of summits and ministerial meetings, with little popular participation and a lack of citizen contribution to the progress of the organization. This, in effect, slowed down the integrative process, which was the ultimate objective behind the creation of the Council. While political feuds and territorial claims have threatened to fragment the Council, the framers' overriding concerns about security and self-preservation have acted as unifying factors, guaranteeing the endurance of the GCC alliance to date.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study presented in this dissertation had as primary aim to develop pathways to heterogeneous aqueous polymerizations that had living characteristics. To this end, the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process was investigated in predispersed and ab initio emulsions as well as homogeneous media. The synthesis of RAFT agents was carried out. The compounds prepared provided varied behaviour in reaction. In situ IH nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) increased understanding of homogeneous RAFT mediated polymerizations. The early behaviour of RAFT mediated polymerizations led to the definition of initialization; a period before pre-equilibrium in a polymerization where degenerate behaviour occurs. Stable miniemulsion preparation methods were developed that provided living polymer latexes using high surfactant concentrations. The effect of surfactant concentration on particle size and latex stability was investigated. Living polymer characteristics were shown by the use of size exclusion chromatography, and 2- dimensional chromatography conclusively showed block polymer formation. In situ NMR spectroscopy of emulsions in deuterated water was used to provide evidence on the role of initiator solubility in polymerization. Secondary nucleation in high surfactant concentration miniemulsions systems was investigated using both particle size and molar mass analysis techniques and a means of eliminating secondary particle nulceation was shown through the use of aqueous phase radical traps. The role of the RAFT agent used in the polymerization was shown to be significant in determining the extent to which multiple polymer distributions formed in the polymerization in that radical exit from particles was affected. Finally, a new form of emulsion polymerization, which has been termed proto-seeded emulsion, has been developed. The proto-seed latex is formed by using a monomer whose polymer has chain length dependent water solubility. This process allows ab initio RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization to be conducted successfully without transport of RAFT agents in heterogeneous media.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primerê doel in hierdie dissertasie is die ontwikkeling van roetes na heterogene water-gebaseerde polimerisasies met lewende eienskappe. Om hierdie doel te bereik is die omkeerbare addisie fragmentasie ketting oordrag proses (eng reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)) ondersoek in vooraf verspreide en direkte emulsies sowel as homogene media. Die sintese van RAFT agente is uitgevoer. Die verbindings wat voorberei is het verskillende einskappe in reaksies getoon. In situ IH kern magnetiese resonansie (KMR) het die kennis en begrip van homogene RAFT polimerisasies uitgebrei. Die vroeë gedrag van RAFT polimerisasies het tot die definisie van inisialisasie gelei; 'n periode voor die pre-ekwilibrium in 'n polimerisasie waartydens "degenerate" gedrag plaasvind. Stabiele miniemulsie voorbereidings metodes is ontwikkel wat lewende polimeer latekse verskaf het met gebruik van hoë seep konsentrasies. Die effek van seep konsentrasie op partikel grootte en lateks stabilitiet is ondersoek. Lewende polimeer eienskappe is bewys deur gebruik te maak van grootte-uitsluiting vloeistof chromatografie, en 2-dimensionele chromatografie het duidelik blok-polimeer vorming gewys. In situ KMR spektroskopie van emulsies in gedeutereerde water is gebruik om bewys te lewer van die rol van initieerder-oplosbaarheid in polimerisasie. Sekondêre nukleasie in hoë seep konsentrasie miniemuisie sisteme is ondersoek met die gebruik van beide partikel grootte sowel as molêre massa analise tegnieke. 'n Metode om sekondêre partikels te verhoed is verskaf deur gebruik te maak van waterfase radikaal lokvalle. Die rol van die RAFT agent in die polimeerisasie is beduidend in die graad van vorming van meer as een polimeer distribusie in die sin dat radikal uitgang van partikels beinvloed was. Ten slotte is 'n nuwe vorm van emulsie polimeerisasie ontwikkel wat proto-gesaaide emulsie genoem is. Die proto-gesaaide lateks is gevorm deur gebruik te maak van 'n monomeer waarvan die polimeer water-oplosbaarheid afhanklik is van die kettinglengte. Die proses laat ab initio RAFT emulsie polimerisasie toe om suksesvol uitgevoer te word sonder die vervoer van RAFT agente in heterogene media.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: To comply with the ever growing demands for materials with better properties and complex architectures, polymer chemistry has resorted to the use of living free radical polymerization techniques. Despite the structural control some of these techniques offer, major disadvantages do exist. For example, most require ultra-pure reagents, hence only a small fraction of the monomers used in industry can be polymerized in this way. This rendered these new living techniques less advantageous from a commercial point of view. Recently, a revolutionary new living free radical process, namely the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process, or RAFT process, was developed that combines the control over the polymer produced with the robustness and versatility of a free radical process. However, the RAFT process is not without its problems. In some dithioester mediated polymerizations, significant inhibition and rate retardation effects have been observed. Two main opposing opinions have been proposed in recent literature to explain these phenomena observed. The main point of difference between these two groups is the fate of the formed intermediate RAFT radicals, i.e., slow fragmentation of the formed intermediate radicals together with possible reversible intermediate RAFT radical termination, or fast fragmentation of the formed intermediate radicals together with possible irreversible intermediate RAFT radical termination. Between these opposing two groups, there is a difference of six orders of magnitude for the rate of fragmentation of the formed intermediate RAFT radicals. The work presented in this thesis is an attempt to clarify some of the mysteries, i.e., inhibition and rate retardation observed in some RAFT polymerizations. Experimental evidence to support or contradict the theories of the above mentioned two opposing groups was investigated. The concentration-time evolution of the intermediate radical concentration (cy), for styrene and butyl acrylate polymerizations mediated by cumyl dithiobenzoate (COB) at 70°C and 90 °C, was followed via in situ electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The concentration-time evolution profiles observed were ascribed to the formation of very short chains during the early stages of the reaction. It was also found that the RAFT process is not particularly sensitive to oxygen. The intermediate and propagating radical (cp) concentrations (and their ratio) for the cumyl dithiobenzoate mediated styrene polymerizations were examined by ESR spectroscopy and kinetics. The system showed strong chain length effects in kinetics, assuming all chains were of similar number average molar mass (Mn). However, unusual behavior with respect to existing mechanistic knowledge was observed in other aspects of the system. The central equilibrium "constant" (Keq) was found to be dependent on both temperature and initial reactant concentrations. The observed intermediate radical concentrations were not consistent with predictions based on existing literature models. It was also found that the time dependence of the intermediate radical concentration varies significantly with the type of RAFT agent used. Unexpectedly, intermediate radicals were detected at very long reaction times in the virtual absence of initiator, enhancing the belief of possible reversible termination reactions involving the intermediate radicals. An extra radical (nonpropagating or intermediate) species was observed (via ESR spectroscopy) to form during some reactions. Its concentration increased with time. The combination of data from several analytical techniques provided evidence for the formation of dead chains by the termination of intermediate radicals in the free radical polymerization of styrene, mediated by a cumyl dithiobenzoate RAFT agent, at 84°C. Experiments done focused on the early stages of the reactions, targeting very low final number average molar mass values, with high initiator concentrations. The formation of these terminated chains did not occur to a significant extent until a large fraction of the chains reached a degree of polymerization greater than unity. This corresponded to the occurrence of a maximum in intermediate radical concentration. In situ 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to directly investigate the processes that occur during the early stages (typically the first few monomer addition steps) of an AIBN-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of styrene, in the presence of a cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate and cumyl dithiobenzoate RAFT agent, at 70°C and 84 °C respectively. 1H NMR spectroscopy allowed the investigation of the change in concentration of important dithiobenzoate species as a function of time. Identification and concentrations of the radicals present in the system could be inferred from corresponding ESR spectroscopy data. An apparent "inhibition" effect was observed in both the cyanoisopropyl and cumyl dithiobenzoate mediated polymerizations. This effect could be reduced by increasing the reaction temperature to 84 °C. However, the use of cumyl dithiobenzoate as RAFT agent prolonged this effect. This apparent "inhibition" effect was attributed to selective fragmentation of the formed intermediate radicals during the early stages of the reaction, and to different propagation rate coefficients (kp) of the resulting (different) radicals. A change in the equilibrium coefficient for the systems investigated was ascribed to possible progressively decreasing addition and fragmentation rate coefficients of propagating and intermediate radicals formed during the reaction. The increase in intermediate radical concentration, and thus possible intermediate radical termination, was shown to also be a probable cause of the rate retardation observed in the RAFT mediated systems investigated. To conclude, probable causes of the observed inhibition and rate retardation in some dithiobenzoate mediated systems were investigated. It was found that intermediate RAFT radical termination does occurs, albeit reversibly or irreversibly. A maximum in the intermediate radical concentration, and thus possible intermediate radical termination, was seen to occur during the observed rate retardation. An apparent inhibition effect observed was ascribed to a possible change in termination kinetics, the formation of terminated intermediate radical products and a rapidly changing kp of the propagating radicals.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om te voldoen aan die ewig groeiende aanvraag vir materiale met beter eienskappe en komplekse samestellings, is in die polimeerchemie lewende vry-radikaal polimerisasietegnieke ontwikkel. Ten spyte van die feit dat party van die polimerisasie tegnieke die strukuur van die gevormende polimere kan beheer, bestaan daar tog nadele. Die meeste polimerisasie tegnieke benodig ultra suiwer reagense, dus kan net 'n klein fraksie van die monomere wat deur die industrie gebruik word op so 'n manier gepolimeriseer word. Dus, vanuit 'n komersieële oogpunt, is die nuwe lewende polimerisasietegnieke minder voordelig. Onlangs is 'n revolusionere nuwe lewende vry-radikaal polimerisasieproses, naamlike die RAFT-(eng. reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process) proses ontwikkel, wat die beheer oor die geproduseerde polimere, kombineer met die robuustheid en veelsydigheid van 'n vry-radikaalproses. Die RAFT proses is egter nie sonder probleme nie. Beduidende inhibisie en vertraging van die polimerisasie tempo is in sommige dithioester-bemiddelde polimerisasies opgemerk. Daar is hoofsaaklik twee opponerende opinies oor die redes vir die inhibisie en vertragings effekte. Die grootste verskil tussen die twee groepe lê in die lot van die gevormde intermediêre radikaal, m.a.w. stadige fragmentasie van die gevormende intermediêre radikale tesame met moontlike onveranderlike intermediêre radikaalterminasie, of vinnige fragmentasie tesame met moontlike omkeerbare intermediêre radikaalterminasie. Tussen die twee groepe, is daar 'n verskil van ses ordegrotes vir die groote van die tempo van fragmentasie van die gevormende intermediêre radikaal. Die werk wat in die tesis weergee word, is 'n poging om sommige van die geheime van die RAFT proses, m.a.w. inhibisie en vertraging van die polimerisasietempo, op te los. Die ondersoek was gerig op eksperimetele bewyse om die teorieë van die twee opponerede groepe of te bevestig of teen te spreek. Die konsentrasie tyd-verandering van die intermediêre radikaal konsentrasie vir stireen- en butielakrilaatpolimerisasie, bemiddeled deur CDB (eng cumyl dithiobenzoate) by 70 oe and 90 oe, is gevolg deur middel van in situ (lat. vir in die oorspronklike plek, m.a.w. binne-in die ESR masjien) elektronspin-resonans (ESR) spektroskopie. Die vorm van die konsentrasie tyd-profiele is toegeskryf aan die vorming van baie kort polimeerkettings gedurende die vroeë reaksietye. Dit is ook bepaal dat die RAFT-proses nie besonder sensitief was vir suurstof nie. Die intermediêre en die propagerende radikaalkonsentrasie (en hulle verhouding) vir die CDB bemiddelde stireen polimerisasies, is bepaal deur middel van elektronspin-resonans spektroskopie en die kinetika van die sisteem. Die kinetika van die sisteem toon 'n sterk afhanklikheid teenoor die lengte van die polimeerkettings, as aanvaar word dat al die kettings dieselfde numeriese gemiddelde molêre massa het. Des nieteenstaande, is egter onverwagte gedrag in ander aspekte van die sisteem opgemerk. Dit was ook gevind dat die sentrale ewewigs-"konstante" (Keq) afhanklik was van die temperatuur en die oorspronklike reaktant konsentrasie. Die bepaalde intermediêre radikaalkonsentrasie het verskil van voorspelde waardes gebaseer op literatuur modelle. Dit is ook gevind dat die intermediêre radikaalkonsentrasie afhanklik is van die tipe RAFT agent wat in die polimerisasie reaksies gebruik word. Intermediêre radikale is onverwags gevind na baie lang reaksietye, wanner verwag is dat die konsentrasie van die afsetter, en dus ook die intermediêre radikale, baie klein sou wees. Dit het die verwagting dat omkeerbare intermediêre radikaalterminasie kan plaasving, versterk. 'n Ekstra radikale spesie, wat gedurende die reaksie vorm en waarvan die konsentrasie groter word met tyd, is ook deur ESR-spektroskopie geidentifiseer. 'n Kombinasie van verskillende skeikundige tegnieke is gebruik om bewyse te kry vir die vorming van dooie kettings wat ontstaan deur middel van intermediêre radikale terminasiereaksies, in die vry-radikaalpolimerisasie van stireen, wat deur 'n CDB RAFT-agent bemiddeled word by 84°C. Eksperimente is gedoen om die reaksie tydens vroeë reaksietye te ondersoek. Baie hoë afsetter konsentrasies is ook gebruik, wat tot uiters lae numeriese gemiddelde molêre massas van die polimeerkettings gelei het. Beduidende konsentrasies van die dooie kettings is eers gevind nadat 'n graad van polimerisasie van groter as een bereik is. Dit het ooreengestem met 'n maksimum in die konsentrasie van die intermediêre radikale. In situ 1H kern magnetiese-resonans (KMR) en electronspin-resonans spektroskopie was gebruik om 'n RAFT proses, wat gedurende die vroeë reaksie tye (tipies gedurende die eerste paar monomeer toevoegingstappe) te bestudeer, wat deur AIBN (eng azo bis(isobutyronitrile)) afgeset word en bestaan uit stireen en CIDB (eng cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate) en CDB RAFT agente onderskeidelik, en by 70°C and 84 °C reageer. 1H KMRspektroskopie was gebruik om die veranderinge in die konsentrasie van die belangrike spesies te bepaal. Die identifikasie en konsentrasie van die radikale kon bepaal word deur middel van ESR data. 'n Skynbare 'inhibisie-effek' is waargeneem in die reaksies wat bemiddeled word deur CIDB en CDB. Die effek is verminder toe die reaksietemperatuur verhoog is na 84°C. Die gebruik van CDB as RAFT agent het egter die effek vergroot. Die skynbare 'inhibisie effek' was toegeskryf aan die selektiewe fragmentasie van die intermediêre radikale gedurende die vroeë reaksietye, en aan verskillende propagasie tempokoëffisiënte (kp) van die verskillende radikale. Die veranderlike sentrale ewewigskoëffisiënte is toegeskryf aan die toevoegings en fragmentasie tempokoëffisiënte van die propagerende en intermediêre radikale wat toenemend afneem. Die is ook getoon dat die toename in die konsentrasie van die intermediêre radikale en dus moontlike intermediêre radikale terminasie, 'n oorsaak kan wees van die vertraging van die polimerisasietempo in die RAFT-bemiddelde reaksies. Ter samevatting, die waarskynlike oorsake vir inhibisie en die polimerisasietempo vertraging opgemerk in sekere dithiobenzoaat-bemiddelde sisteme, is ondersoek. Dit was gevind dat intermediêre radikaalterminasie wel kan gebeur, of dit nou omkeerbaar of onveranderlik gebeur. 'n Maksimum in die konsentrasie van die intermediêre radikale, en dus moontlike intermediêre radikaalterminasie, het voorgekom tesame met 'n vertraging in die polimerisasietempo. Die skynbare inhibisie-effek wat opgemerk was kan toegeskryf word aan 'n moontlike verandering in die terminasie kinetika, die formasie van getermineerde intermediêre radikale en 'n vinnig veranderende propagasie tempokoëffisiënt.

Cet ouvrage à pour objet l'analyse des facteurs socio-politiques ayant influence la réorientation des discours officiels entourant la politique canadienne de multiculturalisme au début des années 1990. Tel que dénoté par Houle (1999), les discours du gouvernement fédéral touchant directement ou indirectement la politique canadienne de multiculturalisme au cours des années 1990 furent caractérisés par l'importance accordée au partage de valeurs communes et à l'unité nationale. Selon le gouvernement fédéral, cette réorientation des discours aurait visé à corriger les incompréhensions des Canadiens vis-à-vis de la nature véritable du multiculturalisme et à apaiser les inquiétudes des Canadiens croyant que la politique canadienne de multiculturalisme permette aux minorités ethnoculturelles de ne pas s'intégrer aux valeurs de la société canadienne. Une analyse statistique des résultats de l'enquête sur les attitudes multiculturelles et ethniques des Canadiens de 1991 vise à étudier les deux éléments de cette affirmation, à savoir l'inquiétude des Canadiens à l'endroit des conséquences de la politique canadienne de multiculturalisme et la non-intégration effective des minorités ethnoculturelles aux valeurs dites "canadiennes." (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-111).
by Jung-Taik Hwang.
M.Eng.