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1

Josef, Settele, ed. Species survival in fragmented landscapes. Kluwer Academic, 1996.

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2

Josef, Settele, ed. Species survival in fragmented landscapes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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3

Small, Emma Clare. Biodiversity and population persistence of carabid beetles (coleoptera, carabidae) in fragmented urban habitats. University of Birmingham, 2002.

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4

1965-, Young Andrew G., Clarke Geoffrey M. 1960-, Natural Heritage Trust, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), and Zoological Society of London, eds. Genetics, demography and viability of fragmented populations. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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5

Margules, Chris, Peter Poschlod, Klaus Henle, and J. Settele. Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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6

Margules, Chris, Peter Poschlod, Klaus Henle, and J. Settele. Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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7

(Editor), Andrew G. Young, and Geoffrey M. Clarke (Editor), eds. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations (Conservation Biology). Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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8

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Managing gene flow among isolated population fragments. II. Management based on kinship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0013.

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With more detailed genetic information, more precise genetic management of fragmented populations can be achieved, leading to improved retention of genetic diversity and lower inbreeding. Using mean kinship within and between populations (estimated from modeling, pedigrees, genetic markers or genomes), and moving individuals among fragments with the lowest between fragment mean kinships provides the best approach to gene flow management. Populations should then be monitored to confirm that movement of individuals has resulted in the desired levels of gene flow, and that genetic diversity has b
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9

Pension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Aging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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10

Yuan, Randong. Pension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Aging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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11

Yuan, Randong. Pension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Aging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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12

Randong, Yuan. Pension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Ageing. Routledge, 2021.

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13

Randong, Yuan. Pension Sustainability in China: Fragmented Administration and Population Ageing. Routledge, 2021.

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14

(Editor), Andrew G. Young, and Geoffrey M. Clarke (Editor), eds. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations (Conservation Biology). Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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15

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Population fragmentation causes inadequate gene flow and increases extinction risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0005.

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Most species now have fragmented distributions, often with adverse genetic consequences. The genetic impacts of population fragmentation depend critically upon gene flow among fragments and their effective sizes. Fragmentation with cessation of gene flow is highly harmful in the long term, leading to greater inbreeding, increased loss of genetic diversity, decreased likelihood of evolutionary adaptation and elevated extinction risk, when compared to a single population of the same total size. The consequences of fragmentation with limited gene flow typically lie between those for a large popul
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16

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Mark Eldridge, Katherine Ralls, and Michele R. Dudash. Practical Guide for Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2019.

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17

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Mark Eldridge, Katherine Ralls, and Michele R. Dudash. Practical Guide for Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2019.

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18

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.001.0001.

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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of animal and plant populations decrease and fragmentation increases, loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment, with inbreeding and reduced fitness inevitable consequences for many species. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow into them from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. Thi
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19

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Evolutionary genetics of small populations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0002.

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Genetic management of fragmented populations involves the application of evolutionary genetic theory and knowledge to alleviate problems due to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in small population fragments. Populations evolve through the effects of mutation, natural selection, chance (genetic drift) and gene flow (migration). Large outbreeding, sexually reproducing populations typically contain substantial genetic diversity, while small populations typically contain reduced levels. Genetic impacts of small population size on inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and population differe
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20

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. A Practical Guide for Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783411.001.0001.

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The biological diversity of the planet is being rapidly depleted due to the direct and indirect consequences of human activity. As the size of wild animal and plant populations decreases and fragmentation increases, inbreeding reduces fitness and loss of genetic diversity reduces their ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Many small isolated populations are going extinct unnecessarily. In many cases, such populations can be genetically rescued by gene flow from another population within the species, but this is very rarely done. This book provides a practical guide to the genetic ma
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21

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Determining the number and location of genetically differentiated population fragments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0010.

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The number and geographic location of genetically differentiated populations must be identified to determine if fragmented populations require genetic management. Clustering of related genotypes to geographic locations (landscape genetic analyses) is used to determine the number of populations and their boundaries, with the simplest analyses relying on random mating within, but not across populations. Evidence of genetic differentiation among populations indicates either that they have drifted apart (and are likely inbred) and/or that the populations are adaptively differentiated. The current
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22

Powell, Roger A., Aaron N. Facka, Mourad W. Gabriel, et al. The fisher as a model organism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0011.

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The literature on fishers - medium-sized, North American carnivores - is broad, despite being limited, and traditional ecological knowledge of Native Americans contributes to our understanding of fishers. Fishers are generalist predators but also specialized predators of North American porcupines. Over trapping, habitat loss and climate change reduced fisher populations after European colonization of North America. Protection and reintroductions led to general but not to universal population recovery, contributing to the understanding of reintroduction science, including population genetics of
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23

Young, Andrew G., and Geoffrey M. Clarke, eds. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511623448.

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24

Clarke, Geoffrey M., and Andrew G. Young. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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25

Clarke, Geoffrey M., and Andrew G. Young. Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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26

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Mark Eldridge, et al. Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017.

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27

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Mark Eldridge, et al. Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations. Oxford University Press, 2017.

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28

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Global climate change increases the need for genetic management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0014.

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Adverse genetic impacts on fragmented populations are expected to accelerate under global climate change. Many populations and species may not be able to adapt in situ, or move unassisted to suitable habitat. Management may reduce these threats by augmenting genetic diversity to improve the ability to adapt evolutionarily, by translocation, including that outside the species’ historical range (assisted colonization) and by ameliorating non-genetic threats. Global climate change amplifies the need for genetic management of fragmented populations.
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29

Meister, Barbara, and Bruno Baur. Die Ringelnatter im Schweizer Landwirtschaftsgebiet: Einfluss unterschiedlich genutzter Landschaften auf die genetische Populationsstruktur. Haupt Verlag AG, 2013.

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30

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0001.

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Genetic management of fragmented populations is one of the major, largely unaddressed issues in biodiversity conservation. Many species across the planet have fragmented distributions with small isolated populations that are potentially suffering from inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity (genetic erosion), leading to elevated extinction risk. Fortunately, genetic deterioration can usually be remedied by augmenting gene flow (crossing between populations within species), yet this is rarely done, in part because of fears that crossing may be harmful (but it is possible to predict when this w
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31

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Managing gene flow among isolated population fragments. I. Limited information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0012.

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When the decision is made to augment gene flow into an isolated population, managers must decide how to augment gene flow, when to start, from where to take the individuals or gametes to be added, how many, which individuals, how often and when to cease. Even without detailed genetic data, sound genetic management strategies for augmenting gene flow can be instituted by considering population genetics theory, and/or computer simulations. When detailed data are lacking, moving (translocating) some individuals into isolated inbred population fragments is better than moving none, as long as the r
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32

Kennett, Douglas J., and David A. Hodell. AD 750–1100 Climate Change and Critical Transitions in Classic Maya Sociopolitical Networks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0007.

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Multiple palaeoclimatic reconstructions point to a succession of major droughts in the Maya Lowlands between AD 750 and 1100 superimposed on a regional drying trend that itself was marked by considerable spatial and temporal variability. The longest and most severe regional droughts occurred between AD 800 and 900 and again between AD 1000 and 1100. Well-dated historical records carved on stone monuments from forty Classic Period civic-ceremonial centers reflect a dynamic sociopolitical landscape between AD 250 and 800 marked by a complex of antagonistic, diplomatic, lineage-based, and subordi
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33

Angel, Naomi. Fragments of Truth. Edited by Dylan Robinson and Jamie Berthe. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023173.

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In 2008, the Canadian government established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to review the history of the residential school system, a brutal colonial project that killed and injured many Indigenous children and left a legacy of trauma and pain. In Fragments of Truth Naomi Angel analyzes the visual culture of reconciliation and memory in relation to this complex and painful history. In her analyses of archival photographs from the residential school system, representations of the schools in popular media and literature, and testimonies from TRC proceedings, Angel traces how the TRC
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34

Frankham, Richard, Jonathan D. Ballou, Katherine Ralls, et al. Take home messages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783398.003.0015.

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We recommend augmentation of gene flow for isolated population fragments that are suffering inbreeding and low genetic diversity, provided that proposed population crosses have low risks of outbreeding depression, and the predicted benefits justify the financial costs.
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35

Expanding Equitable Access to Health Services: Recommendations for Transforming Health Systems toward Universal Health. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275124260.

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The Region of the Americas has made considerable progress in improving the health of its population, but it remains one of the most inequitable regions in the world. The challenges are enormous and varied: millions of people lack access to comprehensive health services, health systems provide fragmented care, and there are major disparities in human resources for health. In response to these challenges, PAHO adopted the Strategy for Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage in 2014, recognizing the need to transform or strengthen health systems and services to combat health ineq
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36

Jones, Loring Paul. Life after Foster Care. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400679346.

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This book apprises readers of the present conditions of former and emancipated foster youth, provides evidence-based best practices regarding their experiences, and proposes new policies for ensuring better outcomes for these children upon discharge from foster care For most American youth, the transition to adulthood is gradual and aided by support from parents and others. In contrast, foster youth are expected to arrive at self-sufficiency abruptly and without the same level of support. Such an expectation may be due in part to what Loring Paul Jones has found in his research: that many of t
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37

Woo, Susie. Framed by War. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479889914.001.0001.

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Korean women and children have become the forgotten population of a forgotten war. Framed by War traces how the Korean orphan, GI baby, adoptee, birth mother, prostitute, and bride—figures produced by the US military—were made to disappear. Strained embodiments of war, they brought Americans into Korea and Koreans into America, intimate crossings that defined, and at times defied, US empire in the Pacific. The book looks to US and South Korean government documents and military correspondence; US aid organization records; Korean orphanage registers; US and South Korean newspapers and magazines;
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38

Durakov, I. A., and L. N. Mylnikova. At the Dawn of Metallurgy: Bronze Casting Production of the Ob-Irtysh Forest-Steppe Population in the Early Bronze Age. IAET SB RAS Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/7803-0318-3.2021.

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Th e monograph is devoted to the problems of studying the bronze casting production of the Ust-Tartasskaya, the Odinovskaya and the Krotovskaya cultures of the Barabinsk forest-steppe Early Bronze Age. Th e work was carried out within the framework of an integrated analytical approach, which includes the use of traditional archaeological methods and data obtained as a result of the application of natural sciences methods. A method for determining the functional purpose of technical ceramics fragments is proposed. Th e archaeological context of the fi nds is described in detail and the characte
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39

Dronov, Mikhail Yu. Ruthenians of the Austrian Empire in the diaries and memoirs of Russian officers who participated in the Hungarian campaign of 1849. Granica, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/9933-0289-8.

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The book includes fragments from previously published texts by ten Russian officers – participants of the Hungarian campaign of 1849, who personally came into contact with the Ruthenian population of the Austrian Empire (the ancestors of modern Western Ukrainians and Carpatho-Rusyns). It is intended for researchers and a wide range of readers interested in the history and culture of Western Ukraine and Carpathian Rus’.
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40

Farriss, Nancy. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190884109.003.0001.

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Language diversification is as old as the human capacity for speech and along with it the need for translation. In the Old World multilingual diasporas and centuries-long contact facilitated communication across language boundaries. The formerly isolated and linguistically fragmented Americas presented a new and severe challenge to the Europeans, especially the Christian missionaries. Relying on language to convert the indigenous populations, they regarded the extreme degree of language diversity as exemplifying the curse of Babel and saw their role as an extension of the early age of the apos
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41

Esler, Karen J., Anna L. Jacobsen, and R. Brandon Pratt. Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198739135.003.0008.

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Extensive habitat loss and habitat conversion has occurred across all mediterranean-type climate (MTC) regions, driven by increasing human populations who have converted large tracts of land to production, transport, and residential use (land-use, land-cover change) while simultaneously introducing novel forms of disturbance to natural landscapes. Remaining habitat, often fragmented and in isolated or remote (mountainous) areas, is threatened and degraded by altered fire regimes, introduction of invasive species, nutrient enrichment, and climate change. The types and impacts of these threats v
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42

Cruz, Samuel, ed. Christianity and Culture in the City. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666988451.

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Christianity and Culture in the City: A Postcolonial Approach offers an introduction to the broad diversity of contemporary Christianities in a rich, complex, changing, and challenging city context. Cruz focuses upon a variety of changing communities with dynamic and striking cultural experiences, and the volume provides both scholarly and practical insights as to how Christianities in the city relate to and transform city institutions and communities that are undergoing dramatic shifts and invite opportunities for intentional study. This book offers a provocative interdisciplinary examination
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43

Kleykamp, Meredith, and Crosby Hipes. Social Programs for Soldiers and Veterans. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.003.

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Regardless of whether they are characterized as compensation or entitlements, the scope of military benefits is more expansive than many assume, and far more generous than most other private or public sector employment benefits packages or public sector entitlements. The essay that follows reviews the historical contours of military and veterans’ benefits. It discusses the major programs for both current and former military members through the Department of Defense (DoD) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), and program requirements. The near universality of this integrated web of instituti
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44

Randall, Nicola, and Barbara Smith. The Biology of Agroecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737520.001.0001.

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The Biology of Agroecosystems provides an introduction to the biological and ecological attributes of ecosystems and the biological impacts of agriculture on the wider environment. Global human populations are rising and diets are becoming ever more complicated, leading to requirements for increased levels of food production. Natural biotopes are becoming increasingly fragmented as agricultural activities expand around them. Agroecosystems occur from the tropics to subarctic environments and comprise systems as varied as annual crops, perennial grasslands, orchards, and agroforestry systems. T
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45

Johnson, Elizabeth Lominska, and Graham E. Johnson. A Chinese Melting Pot. Hong Kong University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888455898.001.0001.

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A Chinese Melting Pot: Original People and Immigrants in Hong Kong’s First ‘New Town’ traces the transformation of Tsuen Wan from a poor and marginal district of agricultural villages, culturally distinctive in that all were Hakka. Like others present in the New Territories in 1898, they enjoyed special privileges under British colonialism as ‘original inhabitants’. This study is focused, in part, on one of their villages: its history, lineages, relationships among and through women, and their songs and laments. In the aftermath of the Japanese occupation and revolution in China, the town, wit
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46

Bilański, Piotr. Trypodendron laeve Eggers w Polsce na tle wybranych aspektów morfologicznych i genetycznych drwalników (Trypodendron spp., Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-38-0.

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In Poland, there are 4 species of the liypodendron genus: T lineaium Oliv., T domestkum L., T signature Fakir. and 7: laeve Egg. Trypodendron laeve is the leastknown of this group. Many factors had influence on the state of research on this species, including taxonomic aspects. Taking into account the unsatisfactory state of knowledge regarding the prevalence of T iaeve in Poland, as well as scarce information on the morphology of this species, research was undertaken to I) document the presence, including new sites, of T laeve in Poland and define, if possible, the habitat and trophic conditi
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47

Harding, Dennis. Death and Burial in Iron Age Britain. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199687565.001.0001.

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Archaeologists have long acknowledged the absence of a regular and recurrent burial rite in the British Iron Age, and have looked to rites such as cremation and scattering of remains to explain the minimal impact of funerary practices on the archaeological record. Pit-burials or the deposit of disarticulated bones in settlements have been dismissed as casual disposal or the remains of social outcasts. In Death and Burial in Iron Age Britain, Harding examines the deposition of human and animal remains from the period - from whole skeletons to disarticulated fragments - and challenges the assump
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48

Pauchard, Nicolas. Gouverner les ressources génétiques. Les stratégies des acteurs face aux droits de propriété et aux règles sur l’accès et le partage des avantages. Éditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/alphil.03157.

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En 1991, un employé du Ministère canadien de l’agriculture et de l’agroalimentaire récolte, en Chine, des semences de la plante de stévia. Il les séquence puis dépose les données obtenues sur la banque de séquences d’ADN étasunienne GenBank ®. Ces données seront utilisées, une décennie plus tard, par une entreprise de biotechnologie suisse, pour développer une souche de levure capable de sécreter, avec un meilleur rendement, l’édulcorant naturellement contenu dans la plante de stévia. Plusieurs brevets seront obtenus par la firme. En 2015, des ONG dénoncent l’appropriation de savoirs tradition
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49

Stubbe, Peter. Legal Consequences of the Pollution of Outer Space with Space Debris. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190647926.013.68.

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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Planetary Science. Please check back later for the full article.Space debris has grown to be a significant problem for outer space activities. The remnants of human activities in space are very diverse; they can be tiny paint flakes, all sorts of fragments, or entirely intact—but otherwise nonfunctional spacecraft and rocket bodies. The amount of debris is increasing at a growing pace, thus raising the risk of collision with operational satellites. Due to the relative high velocities involved in on-orbit collisio
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