Relevant bibliographies by topics / Frame material

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Frame material'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Frame material"

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Matolcsi, T. "On material frame-indifference." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 91, no. 2 (June 1986): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00276858.

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Gojak, Milan, Aleksandar Kijanovic, Nedzad Rudonja, and Ruzica Todorovic. "Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal improvement of window frames." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200120189g.

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In this article are presented experimental and numerical determinations of thermal transmittance performed on three different types of window frames (vinyl, aluminium and wooden) within the same insulated glass unit. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results was attained. Using the numerical models, thermal improvement techniques of the frames and their influence on thermal transmittance of frames were studied. The first thermal improvement technique was using the insulation materials inserted inside large air cavities. By filling the cavity of vinyl frame with the polyurethane foam, thermal transmittance of vinyl frame was lowered by 10%. The second technique was based on repeating the procedure with materials installed inside frames with the materials that have lower thermal conductivity. This technique can be applied on thermal breaks and on steel profiles inside cavities. The result of this thermal improvement (attained by replacing thermal break material with material that has lower thermal conductivity) was certain reduction of the thermal transmittance of frames, by 9%. Using stainless steel instead of the oxidized steel was reduction of the thermal transmittance of vinyl frame by 3%. For the case of wooden frames was analysed the influence of shifting glazing unit deeper into profile upon the thermal transmittance of the frame. Installing the glass unit by 5 mm deeper into the wooden frame reduced glass thermal transmittance by 5%.
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Fung, Mei Ling, Kai Ming Yu, and Man Wah Yuen. "Evolution Trends of Material Usage and Processing in Spectacle Frame." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.512.

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Nowadays’ optical frames are the result of a collaboration between designers and engineers; it is a combination of high technology and art. Around 250 technical operations are performed in order to make a high-quality metal frame, and there are 120 to 180 operations to make a plastic frame. Although the Asian manufacturers of optical frames are prevailing in the world market, a relatively rudimentary trial-and-error method is being used. A more systematic and analytic approach is thus needed for them to grasp the evolution trends in the competitive market. This paper discusses how Gabriel Tarde’s diffusion S-curve and the TRIZ theory can be employed to analyze the evolution trends in optical frame design and manufacturing.
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Xu, Yong Fan. "The Characteristics of Orthogonal Wavelet Frames and Canonical Frames and Applications in Material Science." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.741.

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Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in scientific research during the past twenty years. We show that there exist wavelet frame generated by two functions which have good dual wavelet frames, but for which the canonical dual wavelet frame does not consist of wavelets, according to scaling functions. That is to say, the canonical dual wavelet frame cannot be generated by the translations and dilations of a single function. Traits of tight wavelet frames are presented.
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Yamada, Hiroshi. "Measurement Technology for Lead Frame Material." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 66, no. 3 (1995): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.66.204.

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Rivlin, R. S., and G. F. Smith. "A note on material frame indifference." International Journal of Solids and Structures 23, no. 12 (1987): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(87)90114-4.

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Liu, I.-Shih, and Rubens Sampaio. "Remarks on material frame-indifference controversy." Acta Mechanica 225, no. 2 (August 8, 2013): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-013-0973-4.

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Aktaş, Yasemin Didem, Uğurhan Akyüz, Ahmet Türer, Barış Erdil, and Neriman Şahin Güçhan. "Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Traditional Ottoman Timber-Frame Hımış Houses: Frame Loadings and Material Tests." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 4 (November 2014): 1711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011412eqs011m.

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Traditional Ottoman timber-frame houses (“ hımış”) form the major part of the cultural heritage structures in Turkey. There are many studies in the literature regarding the seismic performance of hımış houses, which claim that these structures have an inherent seismically resistant property. However, these studies lack a quantitative engineering approach and are based on observations made after contemporary earthquakes. This study presents the results of the seismic resistance evaluation of traditional Ottoman houses, made by means of reverse cyclic frame tests conducted on six yellow pine and two fir frames with and without infill (brick and adobe) or cladding ( bağdadi and şamdolma). The experimental study, which was intended to differentiate the effects of infill materials, frame geometry, and timber type, has revealed that frames with bağdadi cladding and adobe infill resulted in the best and worst structural performances, respectively, while high ductility and good energy dissipation capacity characteristics were determined.
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Maleque, M. A., M. S. Hossain, and S. Dyuti. "Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.777.

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successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.
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Lidström, P. "A note on frame indifference and material isomorphism for simple materials." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 20, no. 4 (October 28, 2013): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286513503069.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frame material"

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Shah, Nishant Mayur. "Watson's Hotel: Celebrating the cast iron frame." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31360.

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It is in human nature to preserve things and objects from the past, study, enjoy and cherish our history. This need to learn from and cherish the objects from the past has resulted in the development and evolution of spaces such as museums where people can come and see these objects, either to know or learn something or out of personal interest and curiosity. Somewhere in all this, is architecture from the past taken for granted? A lot of the prominent historic buildings have been well preserved and are known to people. But at the same time there are numerous historic structures, story tellers from the past, being ignored and even trampled upon. Should we not look at these also as valuable objects that have to say so much about our social, cultural and technological past? Do they need a museum space as well? Can architecture be housed and preserved in a museum? Or maybe become a museum, displaying itself, allowing people to experience it from outside and within. Watsonâ s Hotel is one such historical building that lies today unnoticed, uncared for, decaying and falling apart. My thesis is an intervention into this urban situation. The goal of the design has not been just preservation but rather an elevation or celebration of the structure, bringing forth its true nature that lies in its structural framework, a cast iron grid of columns and beams. It aims to highlight this essential core of the building by revealing the grid in different spatial conditions. There is also a constant wish to tie the structure back to its surroundings, to bring back the dialogue that the building shared with its surroundings in the past. The structural framework is revealed and experienced in different spatial conditions achieved with the help of geometry, light and material, surfaces added in and around it, and the grid runs through all these elements bold, undisturbed and uninterrupted.
Master of Architecture
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Kim, Tongbeum. "Fluid-flow and heat-transfer in a lattice-frame material." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616470.

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Kim, Hyungjun. "Experimental investigation of the thermo-mechanical response of Intumescent Mat Material." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132171607.

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Nyberg, Fanny. "Material choices for the building frame : Effects on the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals’ targets." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekoteknik- och hållbart byggande, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-39126.

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Potential synergy effects and conflicts, so-called interactions, between a climate action that aims to mitigate the climate impact and five targets of the Sustainable Development Goals are identified in this study. The climate action is Conscious material choices for the frame, and the materials assessed are climate improved concrete and domestic wood. Standard concrete is used as the business as usual scenario. A pre-school building is used as an example building to demonstrate the difference in the climate impact of a frame made from the two materials assessed in the study. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of the frames shows that the domestic wood frame has a lower climate impact than the climate improved concrete frame.Two methods are used in this study. The first method is making an LCA for transportation of the materials assessed to see the environmental impact, and there is one scenario for each material where the transportation method is by a truck and one that is by train. The second method used for the study is a goal interaction scoring-method from “A draft framework for understanding SDG interactions” by Nilsson et al. (2016) that gives the interactions a score based on specific criteria. The scores are visualised in a colour coordinated matrix. The interactions generate synergies if the sums of the scores in the matrix are positive and will likely help accomplish the target. If the sums of the scores in the matrix are negative, it indicates that there are conflicts that could endanger the possibilities to reach the target.LCA of the transport scenarios shows that when the transportation distance is long, the climate impact is lowest when transporting as much as possible of the materials by train. Transporting the domestic wood for the frame by train (for longer distances) has a lower climate impact than transporting the climate improved concrete. For shorter distances, there is not a significant difference between transportation by truck or by train. The climate improved concrete gets score 0, meaning that there are neither positive nor negative interactions for the chosen material for the frame. The domestic wood gets the score +8, which indicates that there are synergies. Both the climate improved concrete and the domestic wood should not interfere with the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goal’s targets. However, the domestic wood for the frame generates more synergies and by choosing the domestic wooden frame for a building using a train as a transportation of the material when possible has the lowest environmental impact of the assessed materials for the frame.

2020-06-08

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BRENT, TAYLOR NICHOLAS. "The Feasibility of Wood and its Derivatives as a Bicycle Frame Building Material." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63663.

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[EN] ABSTRACT Nicholas Brent Taylor: The Feasibility of Wood and its Derivatives as a Bicycle Frame Building Material The bicycle is often considered as one of the most important inventions of all time. In addition, it is the most efficient form of human transport in the world. It is non pollutant, uses no fuel other than human power and its carbon footprint is neutralised in a short time. Today, faced with the threat of global warming brought about by fossil fuels, countries such as Denmark, the Netherlands and Columbia actually encourage the use of the bicycle as a viable means of urban transport, and in the city of Paris there are financial incentives for cycling commuters. In China alone there are 450 Million bicycles. The form of the bicycle is universally recognisable, it is easy to use and simple to maintain. However, in spite of its apparent simplicity, the bicycle is made up of numerous components and sub-assemblies. Over the years these components and sub-assemblies have undergone a succession of changes and modifications. As with the evolution, development, and life cycle of any product, some of the modifications were relatively short lived. Others for various reasons have been adopted almost universally, such as steel ball bearings, the roller chain, pneumatic tires, tension spoked wheels, etc. In order to more fully understand the bicycle, its advantages, its shortcomings, and its place in the modern world, the first part of this study aims to address the various criteria which apply to bicycle typology, differentiation, use and construction. However, although numerous types of Human Powered Vehicles (HPVs) exist, the initial part of this research is constrained to the evolution and development of the "Safety" type bicycle - attributed to J. K. Starley of Coventry in 1895 - up to the present day, taking into account such factors as; design, material selection, manufacturing technology, and diversity. The first part of the study is a comprehensive overview of the bicycle which identifies crucial technological aspects and categorises bicycle by type and intended use. Due to the huge quantities and types of bicycles produced worldwide this research identifies generic types of each category irrespective of origin or manufacturer. The second part of this dissertation is devoted to the study of wooden bicycles and the specific requirements of this type of bicycle such as the use of wood and its derivatives e.g. engineered wood, as a bicycle frame construction material and some of the solutions arrived at and the special parts or components required. Contemporary and historical bicycles made from wood, other organic material and its derivatives have been investigated and conclusions drawn regarding their functionality and purpose. Part three is dedicated to the Design, Development, and Evaluation of a Wooden Bicycle prototype undertaken by the Author with the assistance of three Industrial Design Students. Part four describes the design, construction and testing of subsequent prototypes in detail including the fabrication of pre-production bicycles and proposals for manufacture on a commercial level. Parts five and six outline the empirical findings from the previous section and attempt to define strategies for marketing bicycles manufactured from wood and its derivatives as an alternative to conventional materials with a view to reanimating small local industries which have a strong base of expertise and knowhow working with wood, such as producers of furniture and similar products (broom handles, tool handles, boxes etc.). Part seven is devoted to the potential diversification of wooden framed bicycles which are electrically assisted. The fabrication of a prototype is discussed but no conclusions were made due to constraints beyond my control. Keywords: Design, Product, Frame, Bicycle
[ES] RESUMEN Nicholas Brent Taylor: La Viabilidad de la Madera y sus Derivados como Material de Fabricación de Cuadros de Bicicletas La bicicleta es frecuentemente considerada como una de las invenciones más importantes de todos los tiempos. Es también una de las formas de transporte humano más eficiente en el mundo. Hoy en día, por la amenaza del calentamiento global provocado por las fuentes de energía no renovables, países como Dinamarca, Holanda y Colombia animan a usar la bicicleta como un medio de transporte urbano. La figura de la bicicleta es universalmente reconocida, es fácil de usar y su mantenimiento es simple. A pesar de su aparente simplicidad, la bicicleta está compuesta de numerosos componentes y subconjuntos. A lo largo de los años, los subconjuntos sufrieron una serie de cambios y transformaciones. Como en cualquier evolución y desarrollo, los cambios influyen en el ciclo de vida de cualquier producto, a pesar que algunas de estas aportaciones tuvieron una vida efímera. Otras, por razones varias, fueron adoptadas casi universalmente. Entre estas podemos citar los rodamientos de esferas de azor, la cadena, los neumáticos, etc. Para comprender mejor el producto bicicleta, se ha considerado como objetivo en la primera parte de este estudio, abordar varios criterios que se aplican de acuerdo con la tipología, diferenciación, uso y construcción de la bicicleta. A pesar de existir numerosos tipos de Human Powered Vehicles (HPVs), la primera parte de esta investigación se limita al estudio de la evaluación y desenvolvimiento de la bicicleta "Safety" atribuida A J.K. Starley de Coventry UK.1895, desde su aparición hasta nuestros días, tomando en consideración la selección de materiales, las tecnologías de fabricación, el diseño, y el estatus de la bicicleta en la sociedad. La segunda parte de esta tesis está dedicada por completo al estudio de la madera y sus derivados como material de construcción de la bicicleta. Bicicletas contemporáneas e históricas de madera y sus derivados, que han sido investigados y se han presentado los resultados en relación a su funcionalidad y propósito. La tercera parte describe con detalle el diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de una bicicleta prototipo de madera, los prototipos posteriores y las bicicletas prototipo o de pre-producción de madera y sus derivados fabricados por el autor con la ayuda de los Estudiantes finalistas del grado de Diseño Industrial (ESTGAD CR, Portugal) En la cuarta parte se describe el diseño, construcción y prueba de prototipos posteriores en detalle, incluyendo la fabricación de bicicletas de pre-producción y propuestas para la fabricación a nivel comercial. La quinta y sexto partes resume los resultados empíricos de la sección anterior y trata de definir estrategias de marketing, para bicicletas fabricadas a partir de la madera y sus derivados como una alternativa a los materiales convencionales, con el fin de animar a producción industrial a las pequeñas industrias locales, que poseen una base sólida de experiencia en el trabajo con la madera, como productores de muebles y productos similares. En la última parte, se ha dedicado a la diversificación potencial de cuadros de bicicletas en madera que están asistidas eléctricamente. La fabricación de un prototipo forma parte de la discusión y pretende ser una proyección de futuro. Palabras Clave: Diseño, Producto, Madera, Bicicleta.
[CAT] RESUM Nicholas Brent Taylor: La Viabilitat de la Fusta i els seus Derivats com Material de Fabricacio de Quadros de Bicicletes La bicicleta es freqüentment considerada com una de les invencions mes importants de tots els temps. Es tambe una de les formes de transport huma mes eficient en el mon. Hui en dia, per l'amenaça del calfament global provocat per les fonts d'energia no renovellables, països com Dinamarca, Holanda i Colombia animen a usar la bicicleta com un mig de transport urba. La figura de la bicicleta es universalment reconeguda, es facil d'usar i el seu manteniment es simple. A pesar de la seua aparent simplicitat, la bicicleta està composta de numerosos components i subconjuntos. A lo llarc dels anys, els subconjuntos patiren una serie de canvis i transformacions. Com en qualsevol evolucio i desenroll, els canvis influixen en el cicle de vida de qualsevol producte, a pesar que algunes d'estos aportaments tingueren una vida efimera. Atres, per raons varies, foren adoptades casi universalment. Entre estes podem citar els rodaments d'esferes d'azor, la cadena, els neumatics, etc. Per a comprendre millor el producte bicicleta, s'ha considerat com objectiu en la primera part d'este estudi, abordar varis criteris que s'apliquen d'acort en la tipología, diferenciacio, us i construccio de la bicicleta. A pesar d'existir numerosos tipos d'Human Powered Vehicles (HPVS), la primera part d'esta investigacio se llimita a l'estudi de l'evaluacio i desenvolupament de la bicicleta "Safety" atribuida A J.K. Starley de Coventry UK. 1895, des de la seua aparicio fins nostres dies, prenent en consideracio la seleccio de materials, les tecnologies de fabricacio, el disseny, i l'estat de la bicicleta en la societat. La segona part d'esta tesis està dedicada per complet a l'estudi de la fusta i els seus derivats com material de construccio de la bicicleta. Bicicletes contemporanees i historiques de fusta i els seus derivats, que han segut investigats i s'han presentat els resultats en relacio a la seua funcionalitat i proposit. La tercera part descriu en detall el disseny, desenroll i evaluacio d'una bicicleta prototip de fusta, els prototips posteriors i les bicicletes prototip o de PRE-produccio de fusta i els seus derivats fabricats per l'autor en l'ajuda dels Estudiants finalistes del grau de Disseny Industrial (ESTGAD CR, Portugal) En la quarta part se descriu el disseny, construccio i prova de prototips posteriors en detall, incloent la fabricacio de bicicletes de pre-produccio i propostes per a la fabricacio a nivell comercial. La quinta i sisè parts resumix els resultats empirics de la seccio anterior i tracta de definir estrategies de marketing, per a bicicletes fabricades a partir de la fusta i els seus derivats com una alternativa als materials convencionals, en el fi d'animar a produccio industrial a les menudes industries locals, que posseixen una base solida d'experiencia en el treball en la fusta, com productors de mobles i productes similars. En l'ultima part, s'ha dedicat a la diversificacio potencial de quadros de bicicletes en fusta que estan assistides electricament. La fabricacio d'un prototip forma part de la discussio i preten ser una proyeccio de futur. Paraules Clau: Disseny, Producte, Fusta, Bicicleta.
Brent Taylor, N. (2016). The Feasibility of Wood and its Derivatives as a Bicycle Frame Building Material [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63663
TESIS
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Holdren, Matthew C. "Capability Study of Lattice Frame Materials for Use as Recuperative Heat Exchangers in Aircraft Systems." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554463168699054.

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Organsky, Jennifer Ann. "Along the River's Edge – A Bed and Breakfast Residence." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32247.

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There are many forces at work in a design process. Each element of a design sketch reacts to ones before and after it. As a designer, one must be able to look at each individually and as part of the whole. In addition, the ideals and experiences brought to a project works its magic as well. It is the tension and the balance between the elements and ideals that create architecture. With a Bed and Breakfast as a project vehicle, the connection to the site, the relationship between public and private areas, and how the materials and structure form spaces were studied. These considerations led to a process of discovery and the challenge to weave the site, structure, and materials in a cohesive design.
Master of Architecture
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Lacroix, Daniel. "Behaviour of Light-frame Wood Stud Walls Subjected to Blast Loading." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24339.

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Deliberate and accidental explosions along with the heightened risk of loss of life and property damage during such events have highlighted the need for research in the behaviour of materials under high strain rates. Where an extensive body of research is available on steel and concrete structures, little to no details on how to address the design or retrofitting of wood structures subjected to a blast threat are available. Studies reported in the literature that focused on full scale light-frame wood structures did not quantify the increase in capacity due to the dynamic loading while the studies that did quantify the increase mostly stems from small clear specimens that are not representative of the behaviour of structural size members with defects. Tests on larger-scale specimens have mostly focused on the material properties and not the structural behaviour of subsystems. Advancements in design and construction techniques have greatly contributed to the emergence of taller and safer wood structures which increase potential for blast threat. This thesis presents results on the flexural behaviour of light-frame wood stud walls subjected to shock wave loading using the University of Ottawa shock tube. The emphasis is on the overall behaviour of the wall subsystem, especially the interaction between the sheathing and the studs through the nailed connection. The approach employed in this experimental program was holistic, where the specimens were investigated at the component and the subsystem levels. Twenty walls consisting of 38 mm x 140 mm machine stress-rated (MSR) studs spaced 406 mm on center and sheathed with two different types and sheathing thicknesses were tested to failure under static and dynamic loads. The experimental results were used to determine dynamic increase factors (DIFs) and a material predictive model was validated using experimental data. The implications of the code are also discussed and compared to the experimental data. Once validated, an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) model incorporating partial composite action was used to evaluate current analysis and design assumptions. The results showed that a shock tube can effectively be used to generate high strain-rate flexural response in wood members and that the material predictive model was found suitable to effectively predict the displacement resulting from shock wave loading. Furthermore, it was found that current analysis and design approaches overestimated the wall displacements.
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Sjöqvist, Emil, and David Johansson. "Weight reduction of a connecting fitting used for frame assembly : A design optimization at IKEA Components AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88623.

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Continuous improvements are an integral part for the development of everyday life. These improvements do not only ascertain financial gain but also lessening the environmental impact. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the design process and the decisions required to achieve an optimal design with respect to weight reduction, while retaining the required strength. The study will also investigate the choice of material. This will be done through material and design studies, along with strength calculations of the product in question. The conclusion from this study is that it is possible to save a certain percentage of the material used, while keeping the strength, form, fit and function intact. The material study provided with a recommendation of the zinc alloy ZA-8. It is an alloy with a good combination of great strength, low density and price.
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Dahl, Alexander. "Product allocation for an automated order picking system in an e-commerce warehouse : A data mining approach." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165703.

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Warehouse automation is a measure E-commerce companies can take to get a more streamlined flow through their warehouse. Order picking is the most labor intensive task in a warehouse. By automating the order picking process companies can lower their costs and improve their response times. This thesis studies the A-frame, an automated order picking system, at a large online pharmacy, Apotea AB. An A-frame has dispensing channels on its side and a conveyor belt that runs through the entire machine. Products for an order are ejected from the channels onto the conveyor belt and at the end of the machine they are dropped into a box. The box is then sealed, labeled and sent to the customer. For the automatic flow to function correctly, all orders picked by the A-frame need to be complete orders. Complete orders are orders where there are no products missing. To maximize the throughput of the A-frame, an appropriate product allocation will be required. Due to the vast number of combinations, it is extremely difficult to identify an optimal product allocation. This study has examined three different approaches to the product allocation problem for an A-frame. The first two methods are based on ranking the products depending on their quantities sold. The last method uses association rule learning, which is a machine learning technique for finding interesting patterns in a data set. Association rule learning was used to find which products were associated to each other. These associations were then placed in a graph structure and solved using a heuristic. To evaluate the different allocation methods, a simulation model was created. The A-frame was simulated using a discrete event simulation, which meant all methods could be tested on the same data to correctly compare the performance of each allocation. The study showed that the heuristic using association rules gave the highest number of picks for the tested period. However, it was only marginally better than the method that first removed orders that could not be picked from the A-frame and then ranked all products by their quantities sold. The study's conclusion is that while association rule learning resulted in the highest number of picked orders, the gain of using it does not motivate its complexity. Instead a more simple approach by ranking products by their quantities sold should be used. Warehousing in the era of E-commerce has to be fast, correct and cheap.
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Books on the topic "Frame material"

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Lodola, Marco. Marco Lodola: Frames. Milano: Electa, 1997.

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Olivetti, Catia. La forma e i materiali della trazione. Milano: F. Angeli, 1995.

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Porta, Gabriella. L' architettura egizia delle origini in legno e materiali leggeri. Milano: Cisalpino-Goliardica, 1989.

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Sherwood, Gerald E. Light-frame wall and floor systems: Analysis and performance. Madison, WI: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1989.

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George, Short, ed. The complete guide to picture framing: Techniques, materials. London: Black Cat, 1988.

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Rodwell, Jenny. The complete guide to picture framing: Techniques, materials. London: Guild Publishing, 1986.

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Rodwell, Jenny. The complete guide to picture framing: Techniques, materials. London: Little, Brown, 1994.

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Build a classic timber-framed house: Planning and design, traditional materials, affordable methods. Pownal, Vt: Storey Communications, 1994.

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Kislicyna, Natal'ya, and Ekaterina Novikova. Genres sports discourse: linguistic and cognitive aspect. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1077732.

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The monograph is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of "discourse" from the perspective of its institutionality. The focus of research interest is sports discourse, presented in the form of a complex conceptual space with a particular genre-stylistic and pragmatic characteristics. As a material of study are sports articles, sports interviews and sports commentary, considered as genres of sports discourse, allocated according to criteria focus of the text and its function. The use of frame analysis, content analysis and conversational analysis have shown the peculiarities of representation of speech and thoughts of individuals, operating in the conditions of specific discursive practices. Addressed to specialists in the field of language theory, cognitive linguistics, decorology, pragmatics, teachers, postgraduates and students.
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Schermaier, Martin Josef. Materia: Beiträge zur Frage der Naturphilosophie im klassischen römischen Recht. Wien: Böhlau, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frame material"

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Šilhavý, Miroslav. "The Principle of Material Frame Indifference." In The Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Continuous Media, 101–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03389-0_7.

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Rivlin, R. S., and G. F. Smith. "A Note on Material Frame Indifference." In Collected Papers of R.S. Rivlin, 1670–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2416-7_106.

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Sourav, Ankit Sharma, and Mrinal Pandey. "Material Selection and Analysis of Bicycle Frame." In Innovations in Cyber Physical Systems, 771–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4149-7_71.

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Fung, Mei Ling, Kai Ming Yu, and Man Wah Yuen. "Evolution Trends of Material Usage and Processing in Spectacle Frame." In Materials Science Forum, 512–15. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-421-9.512.

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Reiners, Torsten, Stefan Voß, Dirk Reiß, and Henrike Schulze. "Smart Frame: An Integrated Environment for XML-Coded Learning Material." In Wirtschaftsinformatik 2003/Band I, 613–32. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57444-3_32.

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Kaur, Jasveer, Rythm Jain, Prakriti Saini, Komal, and V. K. Chawla. "Material Selection of the Frame of the Hybrid Agricultural Sprayer." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 661–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_67.

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Parthasarathi, Prasannan. "Textiles and Silver: The Indian Ocean in a Global Frame." In Textile Trades, Consumer Cultures, and the Material Worlds of the Indian Ocean, 29–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58265-8_2.

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Jung, Sam Dong, Jung Won Park, Jong Hwa Won, Jeong Soo Kim, and Moon Kyum Kim. "Distinct Element Method Analysis of Retaining Wall Using Steel Frame and Fill Material." In IT Convergence and Security 2012, 1133–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_135.

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Sapre, Ashish, and Ravi Sinha. "Influence of Variation of Material Properties on Interstorey Drift of RC Frame Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 609–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0365-4_52.

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Consoli, Isabel Oberderfer, Ney Lyzandro Tabalipa, and Carlos Alberto Rodrigues Andrade. "Thermal Balance Analysis in a Light Steel Frame Residence with Different Insulation Material Thickness." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2021), 390–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75315-3_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frame material"

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Baker, Stuart. "Multiple Frame Radiography to Study Material Properties." In SPIE job fair August 28-Sept. 1 2016, Golden, Colorado, USA, Aug. 28 - Sept. 1, 2016. US DOE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1755182.

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Stringfellow, Richard, and Christopher Paetsch. "Modeling Material Failure During Cab Car End Frame Impact." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63054.

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New standards have been proposed to increase the strength requirements for cab car end structures and impose further requirements on their ability to absorb energy during a grade-crossing collision [1, 2]. To aid in the development of these new standards, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and the Volpe Center recently completed a set of full-scale tests aimed at assessing the quasi-static and dynamic crush behavior of these end structures. In support of this testing program, end frames designed to meet the new standards were fabricated and retrofitted onto the forward end of an existing cab car. A series of large-deformation quasi-static and explicit dynamic finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed to evaluate the performance of the design. Based on the results of a 2002 full-scale test in which a heavy steel coil impacted the corner post of an end frame built to these new standards, some fracture was expected in certain key end frame components during the tests. For this reason, a material failure model, based on the Bao-Wierzbicki fracture criterion [3], was implemented in the FEA model of the cab car end frame using ABAQUS/Explicit. The FEA model with material failure was used to assess the effect of fracture on the deformation behavior of cab car end structures during quasi-static loading and dynamic impact and, in particular, the ability of such structures to absorb energy. The failure model was implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit for use with shell elements. A series of preliminary calculations were first conducted to assess the effects of element type and mesh refinement on the deformation and fracture behavior of structures similar to those found on cab car end frames, and to demonstrate that the Bao-Wierzbicki failure model can be effectively applied using shell elements. Model parameters were validated through comparison to the results of the 2002 test. Material strength and failure parameters were derived from test data for A710 steel. The model was then used to simulate the three full-scale tests that were conducted during 2008 as part of the FRA program: a collision post impact, and quasi-static loading of both a collision post and a corner post. Analysis of the results of the two collision post tests revealed the need for revisions to both the design of some key end frame components and to key material failure parameters. Using the revised model, pre-test predictions for the outcome of the corner post test were found to be in very good agreement with test results.
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Fry, Sean T., and Cameron J. Turner. "Test Frame Design for the Characterization of Additive Manufacturing Compliant Materials." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85930.

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This work presents a design of a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) robotic test frame designed to provide multiple and combined loading scenarios for additive manufacturing (AM) materials. The need is to provide a more in-depth look into the material properties of nonlinear anisotropic materials as traditional uniaxial or biaxial test frames have been shown to be inefficient in providing accurate material property values. With the application of surrogate models with General Purpose Graphics Processing (GPGPU) computing, “real-time” characterization is achievable. The work provided is a next generation 6 DOF test frame designed to reducing costs, increasing workspace, and reducing overall size over previous designs.
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Freudensprung, Anton, Sandra Wutschitz, Christian Wögerer, and Steffen Scholz. "SMART FRAME – Empowering Business in Central Europe." In 10th International Conference on Multi-Material Micro Manufacture. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7247-5-348.

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Apmann, Hilmar. "Automatic Handling of CFRP-Material for Frame and Stringer Production." In Aerospace Manufacturing and Automated Fastening Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2289.

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Koo Kok Kiat and Tan Ai Min. "Adaptation of brass core lead frame material in IC packaging." In 2010 34th International Electronics Manufacturing Technology Conference (IEMT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemt.2010.5746710.

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Mompean, G., L. Thais, and L. Helin. "Some Consequences of Material Frame Indifference on Engineering Flow Calculations." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2845.

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The principle of material frame indifference (MFI) is a fundamental and controversial principle of continuum mechanics which has been invoked to derive recent nonlinear algebraic models for stresses of viscoelastic liquids (Mompean, Thompson, and Souza Mendes [2003]) and for Newtonian turbulent fluids (Rumsey, Gatski, and Morrison [2000]). The purpose of the present study is to identify regions of a flow field where MFI should be considered. Such regions are identified by computing the angular velocity of the principal directions of the rate-of-deformation tensor in order to obtain a Euclidean objective vorticity tensor. The method is applied to the planar flow through an abrupt 4:1 contraction. The main results are: (i) MFI should be taken into account in regions characterized by the transition between two different viscometric kinematics and significant velocities (ii) MFI can be safely ignored in regions of pure viscometric behavior as well as in recirculation regions.
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Kurihara, Toru, and Shigeru Ando. "Real-time Material Transformation using Single Frame Surface Orientation Imager." In International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005357602400245.

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Li-rui, Wang, and Yang Xiao-long. "Simulation and Improvement of Vehicle Frame Using FEM." In 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mems.2012.20.

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Zhou, Nancy, Ken Racette, David Hasselbeck, Monica Barrett, Robert Nolan, Michael Caterer, Takashi Mizoguchi, Satoshi Akutagawa, Glenn Dickey, and Toru Shirasaki. "Effect of pellicle frame and adhesive material on final photomask flatness." In Photomask and NGL Mask Technology XVI, edited by Kunihiro Hosono. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.824250.

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Reports on the topic "Frame material"

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Horvath, J. A., S. M. Pratuch, and F. C. Belser. Comparison of gap frame designs and materials for precision cathode strip chambers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117607.

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Berkowitz, Jacob, Nathan Beane, Kevin Philley, Nia Hurst, and Jacob Jung. An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41382.

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The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (>40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
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Falk, Robert H., and G. Bradley Guy. Directory of wood-framed building deconstruction and reused wood building materials companies, 2004. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-150.

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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.
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Hall, Mark, and Neil Price. Medieval Scotland: A Future for its Past. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.165.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings. Underpinning all five areas is the recognition that human narratives remain crucial for ensuring the widest access to our shared past. There is no wish to see political and economic narratives abandoned but the need is recognised for there to be an expansion to more social narratives to fully explore the potential of the diverse evidence base. The questions that can be asked are here framed in a national context but they need to be supported and improved a) by the development of regional research frameworks, and b) by an enhanced study of Scotland’s international context through time. 1. From North Britain to the Idea of Scotland: Understanding why, where and how ‘Scotland’ emerges provides a focal point of research. Investigating state formation requires work from Medieval Scotland: a future for its past ii a variety of sources, exploring the relationships between centres of consumption - royal, ecclesiastical and urban - and their hinterlands. Working from site-specific work to regional analysis, researchers can explore how what would become ‘Scotland’ came to be, and whence sprang its inspiration. 2. Lifestyles and Living Spaces: Holistic approaches to exploring medieval settlement should be promoted, combining landscape studies with artefactual, environmental, and documentary work. Understanding the role of individual sites within wider local, regional and national settlement systems should be promoted, and chronological frameworks developed to chart the changing nature of Medieval settlement. 3. Mentalities: The holistic understanding of medieval belief (particularly, but not exclusively, in its early medieval or early historic phase) needs to broaden its contextual understanding with reference to prehistoric or inherited belief systems and frames of reference. Collaborative approaches should draw on international parallels and analogues in pursuit of defining and contrasting local or regional belief systems through integrated studies of portable material culture, monumentality and landscape. 4. Empowerment: Revisiting museum collections and renewing the study of newly retrieved artefacts is vital to a broader understanding of the dynamics of writing within society. Text needs to be seen less as a metaphor and more as a technological and social innovation in material culture which will help the understanding of it as an experienced, imaginatively rich reality of life. In archaeological terms, the study of the relatively neglected cultural areas of sensory perception, memory, learning and play needs to be promoted to enrich the understanding of past social behaviours. 5. Parameters: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches should be encouraged in order to release the research potential of all sectors of archaeology. Creative solutions should be sought to the challenges of transmitting the importance of archaeological work and conserving the resource for current and future research.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.

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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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