Journal articles: 'Frame material'

1

Matolcsi, T. "On material frame-indifference." Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 91, no. 2 (June 1986): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00276858.

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Gojak, Milan, Aleksandar Kijanovic, Nedzad Rudonja, and Ruzica Todorovic. "Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal improvement of window frames." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200120189g.

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In this article are presented experimental and numerical determinations of thermal transmittance performed on three different types of window frames (vinyl, aluminium and wooden) within the same insulated glass unit. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results was attained. Using the numerical models, thermal improvement techniques of the frames and their influence on thermal transmittance of frames were studied. The first thermal improvement technique was using the insulation materials inserted inside large air cavities. By filling the cavity of vinyl frame with the polyurethane foam, thermal transmittance of vinyl frame was lowered by 10%. The second technique was based on repeating the procedure with materials installed inside frames with the materials that have lower thermal conductivity. This technique can be applied on thermal breaks and on steel profiles inside cavities. The result of this thermal improvement (attained by replacing thermal break material with material that has lower thermal conductivity) was certain reduction of the thermal transmittance of frames, by 9%. Using stainless steel instead of the oxidized steel was reduction of the thermal transmittance of vinyl frame by 3%. For the case of wooden frames was analysed the influence of shifting glazing unit deeper into profile upon the thermal transmittance of the frame. Installing the glass unit by 5 mm deeper into the wooden frame reduced glass thermal transmittance by 5%.

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Fung, Mei Ling, Kai Ming Yu, and Man Wah Yuen. "Evolution Trends of Material Usage and Processing in Spectacle Frame." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 512–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.512.

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Nowadays’ optical frames are the result of a collaboration between designers and engineers; it is a combination of high technology and art. Around 250 technical operations are performed in order to make a high-quality metal frame, and there are 120 to 180 operations to make a plastic frame. Although the Asian manufacturers of optical frames are prevailing in the world market, a relatively rudimentary trial-and-error method is being used. A more systematic and analytic approach is thus needed for them to grasp the evolution trends in the competitive market. This paper discusses how Gabriel Tarde’s diffusion S-curve and the TRIZ theory can be employed to analyze the evolution trends in optical frame design and manufacturing.

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Xu, Yong Fan. "The Characteristics of Orthogonal Wavelet Frames and Canonical Frames and Applications in Material Science." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.741.

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Wavelet analysis has become a popular subject in scientific research during the past twenty years. We show that there exist wavelet frame generated by two functions which have good dual wavelet frames, but for which the canonical dual wavelet frame does not consist of wavelets, according to scaling functions. That is to say, the canonical dual wavelet frame cannot be generated by the translations and dilations of a single function. Traits of tight wavelet frames are presented.

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Yamada, Hiroshi. "Measurement Technology for Lead Frame Material." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 66, no. 3 (1995): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.66.204.

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Rivlin, R. S., and G. F. Smith. "A note on material frame indifference." International Journal of Solids and Structures 23, no. 12 (1987): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(87)90114-4.

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Liu, I.-Shih, and Rubens Sampaio. "Remarks on material frame-indifference controversy." Acta Mechanica 225, no. 2 (August 8, 2013): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-013-0973-4.

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Aktaş, Yasemin Didem, Uğurhan Akyüz, Ahmet Türer, Barış Erdil, and Neriman Şahin Güçhan. "Seismic Resistance Evaluation of Traditional Ottoman Timber-Frame Hımış Houses: Frame Loadings and Material Tests." Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 4 (November 2014): 1711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/011412eqs011m.

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Traditional Ottoman timber-frame houses (“ hımış”) form the major part of the cultural heritage structures in Turkey. There are many studies in the literature regarding the seismic performance of hımış houses, which claim that these structures have an inherent seismically resistant property. However, these studies lack a quantitative engineering approach and are based on observations made after contemporary earthquakes. This study presents the results of the seismic resistance evaluation of traditional Ottoman houses, made by means of reverse cyclic frame tests conducted on six yellow pine and two fir frames with and without infill (brick and adobe) or cladding ( bağdadi and şamdolma). The experimental study, which was intended to differentiate the effects of infill materials, frame geometry, and timber type, has revealed that frames with bağdadi cladding and adobe infill resulted in the best and worst structural performances, respectively, while high ductility and good energy dissipation capacity characteristics were determined.

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Maleque, M. A., M. S. Hossain, and S. Dyuti. "Material Properties and Design Aspects of Folding Bicycle Frame." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.777.

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successful design of folding bicycle should take into account the function, material properties, and fabrication process. There are some other factors that should be considered in anticipating the behavior of materials for folding bicycle. In order to understand the relationship between material properties and design of a folding bicycle and also for the future direction in new materials with new design, a comprehensive study on the design under different conditions are essential. Therefore, a systematic study on the relationship between material properties and design for folding bicycle has been performed. The advantages and disadvantages matrix between conventional bicycle and folding bicycle is presented for better understanding of the materials properties and design. It was found that the materials properties of the folding bicycle frame such as fatigue and tensile strength are the important properties for the better performance of the frame. The relationship between materials properties and design is not straight forward because the behavior of the material in the finished product could be different from that of the raw material. The swing hinge technique could be a better technique in the design for the folding bicycle frame.

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10

Lidström, P. "A note on frame indifference and material isomorphism for simple materials." Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids 20, no. 4 (October 28, 2013): 461–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1081286513503069.

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Fazidah, S., N. A. Nor Azrin, and A. L. Zulkarnain. "Stress and Modal Analysis Assessment of Race Cars Chassis Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.103.

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A simulation investigation was conducted to compare and validate results for using bended and non-bended chassis structure for race cars. In this study, the basic engineering design criteria which are material selection, type of material used and production processes were presented. Modal analysis was used to validate the effect of chassis stiffness between the two different frames which is bended and non-bended frame using torsional and bending loads. The results reveals that the maximum displacement and Von Misses stress of the frame occur at the non-bended frame, instead of the bended frame with the value of 539.93 mm and 4.67 x 1010 Nm2 respectively. However, the critical area occurs on the main roll bar instead of on the frame structure itself. It was found that in the bended frame, the maximum Von Misses stress occurs at the rear section of the frame structure, which indicates possible chassis failure at given frequency of 62.16 Hz. The results indicate that there is only slight difference in the natural frequencies for both frames and the modeshape of both frames starts with torsional mode. For the second modeshape of the frames, the non-bended frame still remain having the torsional mode while the bended frame start to have the bending mode. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the race car frame where the non-bended frame is having better structural frame than the bended frame. This was proved by the bended frame had a changed of modeshape from torsional mode to bending mode. The significance of the results indicates that the bended frame has less stiffness than the non-bended frame and it is not permittable for a race car frame.

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YILMAZ, Mehmet Fatih. "The Effect of Different Braced Configurations on the Nonlinear Seismic Behavior of Steel Structure." Civil Engineering Beyond Limits 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebel.2020.001.005.

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Improvements in construction technologies have allowed steel structural elements to become more frequently used today in order to enable different architectural designs and to meet structural performance more effectively and efficiently. Structural steel has been used for more than a hundred years and has been tested under real earthquakes, which provide the basis of many earthquake-resistant steel construction standards. The major advantage of steel construction material is that it allows for large plastic deformations. Structural deformations vary depending on the deformation capacity of the structural components in addition to the configuration of the structural components. In this study, moment resisting frames (MRF), X braced frame (XBF), Inverse V braced frame (IVBF), K braced frame (KBF), and eccentric inverse V braced frames (EIVBF) were used to examine the effect of different steel braced systems on the plastic deformation capacity of steel structure with the help of nonlinear static pushover analysis. Bilinear material model was utilized to represent nonlinear steel material behavior and inelastic displacement-based frame element were used to represent column and beam element. The analyses' results demonstrated that the braced frame configuration had a significant effect on the lateral response of steel frame structures.

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Chiou, Yaw-Jeng, Yeon-Kang Wang, Pang-An Hsiao, and Yi-Lung Chen. "Large displacement analysis of inelastic frame structures by convected material frame approach." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 13, no. 2 (February 25, 2002): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2002.13.2.135.

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Rahardian, Samuel, Ilyasa Putra, and Bentang Budiman. "On the Use of Steel and Aluminum Materials for Frame Structure of Electric Trike." Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v3i1.122.

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This work investigated the pros and cons of aluminum material used for electric trike frame compared with steel material. With a compact design and small dimension, e-trike is suitable to be used in many relatively small road accesses. However, the compact design can cause the frame to receive high and concentrated stress. The aluminum-based frame had lower strength, but lighter weight compared to the steel-based frame. In this study, the stress evaluation for both aluminum-based and steel-based frames is done using the finite element method. The minimum thickness of the aluminum-based frame was iterated to match the strength of the steel-based frame. The results showed that the aluminum-based frame has comparable performance to the steel-based frame but with lighter weight. However, the production cost of the aluminum-based frame might be a challenging issue to be solved.

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Manoharan, N. "Analysis of Bicycle Frame Using Composite Material." Medico-Legal Update 18, no. 1 (2018): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2018.00103.2.

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16

Speziale, Charles G. "Comments on the ‘‘material frame-indifference’’ controversy." Physical Review A 36, no. 9 (November 1, 1987): 4522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.36.4522.

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17

Li, Cheng, and Hwang Kehchih. "On embedded material derivative and frame spin." Acta Mechanica Sinica 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02487721.

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18

Shmelyova, E. S. "Media-Discourse Poetics: Linguocognitive Grounds for Pun and Wordplay Demarcation (Based on the Material of English Language Press)." Critique and Semiotics 37, no. 2 (2019): 272–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2019-2-272-282.

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Pun and wordplay are to be regarded as some of the most striking linguistic means of creating expressiveness and forming media discourse poetics. However, despite the significant amount of previous research into these devices, many aspects of their formation and functioning still remain unclear. First and foremost, it concerns the definition of pun and wordplay, and their respective demarcation. This article, in addition to the widespread formal (structural) demarcation criterion, considers the linguo-cognitive grounds for such a division. The study was conducted on the material of English-language media headlines based on the frame analysis method. The research has identified three frame models of pun and wordplay formation: two frames overlapping on the basis of (a) common terminal(s) (M1), one frame expanding due to the emergence of a new frame focus (M2), and conceptual integration of two frames (M3). Based on the analysis of examples of these models actualized in Englishlanguage mass media headlines, it has been concluded that the frequency of a particular form of realization of a stylistic device based on the corresponding structural and frame (linguo-cognitive) model may indicate whether it is an instance of the pun or wordplay.

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Pravilonis, Tautvydas, and Edgar Sokolovskij. "ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND THEIR POSSIBILITIES TO USE THEM IN BUS FRAME CONSTRUCTION." Transport 35, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.13018.

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Energy consumption and the emission of harmful particles have increased significantly in recent decades. The constant development of transport poses an increasing threat to the environment. The search for alternative energy-saving solutions is closely linked to the development and improvement of new vehicles, reducing their negative impact on the environment. Fiberglass or carbon fiber are among the most promising materials that can reduce weight in all types of vehicles. They are also much easier to recycle than steel. Fiberglass or carbon fiber composite materials are widely used in a variety of applications: construction, ships, and trains. Vehicles and buses are no exception. These innovative materials are used not only for interior elements but also in constructional units for the production of light duty vehicles. Meanwhile in buses these material are not yet used in safety frame. Bus safety frames are made out of steel. Therefore, in this work the fiberglass composite material from which the tubes are made by pultrusion process would replace the steel tube in the safety frame construction of the bus. Such technology could reduce the weight of the bus safety frame by about 20%. Other parameters would also be affected by weight reduction: safety: bus would be less overloaded, the braking distance would be reduced, the center of gravity position would be closer to the ground; environmental: lower air pollution due to lower CO2 emissions; economic: lower fuel consumption. However, before using such technology, it is necessary to determine the properties of the composite material. Properties were determined by tensile and shear tests (ISO 527-2:2012 and ASTM D5379/D5379M-19). Comparison tests of different materials (tensile and crushing tests) were also performed. According to the experimental results, conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of using fiberglass for the bus frame.

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BURDEK, Marek, Jarosław MARCISZ,, Jerzy Stępień, Ewelina SKOWRON, and Józef KRÓL. "THE INFLUENCE OF MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS ON THE FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF 227 MM ROCKET ENGINE BODIES." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 152, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0872.

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The paper presents a process of industrial fabrication of 227 mm calibre frames made of 15HGMVŻ grade lowcarbon steel. Influence of production technology parameters such as the state of material before forming and the degree of deformation during the forming on mechanical properties of frames was established. Optimal material properties after thermal improvement, and levels of deformation at a rotary forming process needed for getting the specific characteristics of final frames were indicated. The hardness across the frame wall was identified and the micro-structure was studied. Received results of tests indicate on correctness of the frame production process regarding the selection of parameters for thermal improvement and rates of deformation.

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Lufinka, Aleš, and Michal Petrů. "Analysis of the Tailgate Frame Composite Tube Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.235.

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Substitute of the traditional materials with new plastic-based and composite materials is a trend in today's automotive industry. Mechanical properties of the composite parts are highly influenced by the composite production (material of fibers and their distribution, type and density of a filler). Knowledge of the specific composite material mechanical properties is necessary for CAD modeling and FEM calculations during the assembly design. These mechanical properties can be obtained by creating a composite structure in FEM software. However, the real composite may be different from the ideal FEM model (due to inaccuracies in its manufacture). Therefore, it is highly advisable to verify the modeling results by measuring of the real composite material properties. Identification and verification of the composite tube mechanical properties used in the hybrid car tailgate are described in this paper.

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Mao, Ping Huai, Bing Zhai, and Jing Xi Li. "The Lightweight Design for Tractor Frame of the Coal Mine Belt Horizontal Extension Transfer Machine." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.730.

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Coal mine horizontal belt extension transfer machine is designed in order to solve the mine loading efficiency is not high, especially the most loading mechanical failed to solve continuous loading problem. Among them, the tractor as power to provide the transfer machine, its importance cans be imagined. Through the statics analysis of the tractor frame, we draw the conclusion: Preliminary plan is too conservative given frame size, frame heavier, cause material waste, processing difficult. We will through two aspects of size parameters optimization and material optimization design, make the tractor frame on the premise of guarantee function materials more provinces, lighter weight, lower cost. Size options and set up new material selection, and then we stand for the statics analysis. Analysis results show that our lightweight design of tractor frame is a success.

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Chen, Qing Jiang, Xiao Ting Lei, and Jian Feng Zhou. "The Description and Characterization of Symmetric Frames and Gabor Frames and Applications in Material Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 2458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.2458.

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Materials science is an interdisciplinary field applying the properties of matter to various areas of science and engineering. In this paper, we discuss a new set of symmetric tight frame wave-lets with the associated filterbanks outputs downsampled by several generators. The frames consist of several generators obtained from the lowpass filter using spectral factorization, with lowpass fil-ter via a simple approach using Legendre polynomials. The filters are feasible to be designed and offer smooth scaling functions and frame wavelets. We shall give an example to demonstrste that so -me examples of symmetric tight wavelet frames with three compactly supported real-valued sym- metric generators will be presented to illustrate the results.

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Zemtsova, Elena, Denis Yurchuk, and Vladimir Smirnov. "The Process of Nanostructuring of Metal (Iron) Matrix in Composite Materials for Directional Control of the Mechanical Properties." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/979510.

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We justified theoretical and experimental bases of synthesis of new class of highly nanostructured composite nanomaterials based on metal matrix with titanium carbide nanowires as dispersed phase. A new combined method for obtaining of metal iron-based composite materials comprising the powder metallurgy processes and the surface design of the dispersed phase is considered. The following stages of material synthesis are investigated: (1) preparation of porous metal matrix; (2) surface structuring of the porous metal matrix by TiC nanowires; (3) pressing and sintering to give solid metal composite nanostructured materials based on iron with TiC nanostructures with size 1–50 nm. This material can be represented as the material type “frame in the frame” that represents iron metal frame reinforcing the frame of different chemical compositions based on TiC. Study of material functional properties showed that the mechanical properties of composite materials based on iron with TiC dispersed phase despite the presence of residual porosity are comparable to the properties of the best grades of steel containing expensive dopants and obtained by molding. This will solve the problem of developing a new generation of nanostructured metal (iron-based) materials with improved mechanical properties for the different areas of technology.

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Satria, Dhimas, Ipick Setiawan, Rina Lusiani, and Yoga Pratama. "DESAIN MATERIAL SELECTION UNTUK FRAME SEPEDA LISTRIK HYBRID." Teknika: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 12, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.36055/tjst.v12i2.6606.

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Oravec, Pavel. "Insulating Windows with Integrated Frame from Composite Material." Procedia Manufacturing 2 (2015): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.061.

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Speziale, Charles G. "A Review of Material Frame-Indifference in Mechanics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 51, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3099017.

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The Principle of Material Frame-Indifference in various areas of mechanics is critically reviewed from a basic theoretical standpoint. Modern continuum mechanics is considered along with statistical mechanics and turbulence in an effort to better understand this commonly used axiom. It is argued that Material Frame-Indifference is a restricted invariance that can be highly useful in the formulation of constitutive equations but must be applied with caution. Material Frame-Indifference applies, in a strong approximate sense, to most areas of continuum mechanics where there is a clear cut separation of scales so that the ratio of fluctuating to mean time scales is extremely small. While it breaks down for the three-dimensional case, it rigorously applies to Reynolds stress models in the limit of two-dimensional turbulence where an analogy is made between the Reynolds stress tensor and the non-Newtonian part of the stress tensor in the laminar flow of a non-Newtonian fluid. On the other hand, the general invariance group of constitutive equations that is universally valid is the extended Galilean group of transformations which includes arbitrary time-dependent translations of the spatial frame of reference; rotational frame-dependence then enters exclusively through the intrinsic spin tensor. In order to definitively address this issue it is necessary to establish what the invariance group is of solutions to the fluctuation dynamics from which constitutive equations are formally constructed. The implications of these results for future research in a variety of different fields in mechanics are thoroughly discussed. This article includes 52 references.

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Ahmadi, Goodarz. "On material frame-indifference of turbulence closure models." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 38, no. 2 (May 1987): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091928708210108.

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Zhou, Jin, Ling Qiang Min, and Zhong Sheng Yang. "Finite Element Analysis of Light Cargo Van Frame." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2734.

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Frame of the van is the basis for mounting of the other assemblies, by sustaining the various kinds of force and load from the road and the weight, so the strength and stiffness of the frame is the very important on the overall design of the van. This thesis does an analysis and research in accordance with ANSYS, discussing the frames static strength of the warp working status and the torsion working status, and doing an analysis of stiffness. The result of analysis shows that the frames ultimate stress is lower than the ultimate strength of material, satisfy the design demand. But the strength of material is overall higher, so the economic efficiency is low. This thesis is also provided the parameter for the nest step design of stress centralization areas and unreasonable design structure.

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Christanto, Verian Fernando, and Iwan B. Santoso. "MINIMALISASI BIAYA PENYEDIAAN FRAME SCAFFOLDING DENGAN METODE LINEAR PROGRAMMING PADA PROYEK X." JMTS: Jurnal Mitra Teknik Sipil 3, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmts.v3i2.6979.

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ABSTRACTIn the process of casting, we need a temporary structure that functions as a support or called scaffolding. Scaffolding frame is one type of modern scaffolding that is very commonly used today in high rise building construction. The amount of frame scaffolding needs on a project is not small so the amount of supply of frame scaffolding material can affect cost control on a project. In this study, the linear programming method is used to minimize the cost of providing frame scaffolding material in Project X. The study uses various combinations of frame scaffolding component sizes in casting beams and floor slabs with constraints or problem constraints such as storage of frame scaffolding components, load capacity the maximum that can be held by frame scaffolding, the supply of material quantities, and the casting cycle. By using the linear programming method, a cost savings of 4.3% can be made from the total cost of providing frame scaffolding in Project X if frame scaffolding material is provided with a volume of 3 floors, then 20.23% if frame scaffolding material is provided as much volume 2.5 floor, and 28.7% if frame scaffolding material is provided as much as the minimum floor volume.ABSTRAKDalam proses pengecoran, dibutuhkan struktur sementara yang berfungsi sebagai penyangga atau yang disebut perancah. Saat ini, frame scaffolding merupakan salah satu jenis perancah modern yang sangat umum digunakan pada konstruksi gedung bertingkat. Jumlah kebutuhan frame scaffolding pada suatu proyek tidaklah sedikit sehingga jumlah penyediaan material frame scaffolding ini dapat mempengaruhi pengendalian biaya pada suatu proyek. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan metode linear programming untuk dapat meminimalisasi biaya penyediaan material frame scaffolding pada Proyek X. Penelitian menggunakan berbagai kombinasi ukuran komponen frame scaffolding pada pengecoran balok dan pelat lantai dengan kendala berupa tempat penyimpanan komponen frame scaffolding, kapasitas beban maksimum yang dapat ditahan oleh frame scaffolding, penyediaan jumlah material, dan siklus pengecoran. Dengan menggunakan metode linear programming, dapat dilakukan penghematan biaya sebesar 4,3% dari total biaya penyediaan frame scaffolding pada Proyek X jika material frame scaffolding disediakan sebanyak volume 3 (tiga) lantai, dapat dilakukan penghematan sebesar 20,23% jika material frame scaffolding disediakan sebanyak volume 2,5 (dua setengah lantai), dan sebesar 28,7% jika material frame scaffolding disediakan sebanyak volume lantai yang paling minimal. Selain itu, dengan menggunakan metode linear programming dapat diketahui jumlah material frame scaffolding yang paling baik sesuai dengan kondisi-kondisi di lapangan.

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Wang, Shu Fang. "Optimization Study on Frame Material of Mini Wind Generator Base on FEM Stress Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 534 (June 2012): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.69.

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A new kind of mini wind generator system has been presented for saving city electricity and developing potential green wind energy between high buildings in city environment. The support frame of this generator system is a key structure part. Stress conditions of this frame under different kinds of structure materials are analyzed with finite element method. The concentration of stress along frame pillar is achieved by the FEM results. A new analytical method, specified stress criterion is proposed with respect to the design of generator system. This criterion provides a new approach in optimizing the kind of material in structure design taking into account the material plastic properties. With regard to specified stress, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy is the best candidate material for supporting frame.

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Rajkumar, K. C. "Experimental Investigation on Double Skin Composite Tubular Column." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 14, 2021): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35079.

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RCC and steel frames have been the most common frame systems for long times whereas composite frame system has also emerged as popular system for high rise buildings for few decades. Multi-storey composite frames are generally composed of structural steel members made composite with concrete. The use of Double-Skin Tubular columns in building construction has seen renaissance in recent years due to their numerous advantages, apart from its superior structural performance making a typical composite frame structure. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs), a relatively new class of non-corrosive, high-strength, lightweight material, have over the past approximately 15 years emerged as practical materials for a number of structural engineering applications. FRP has become one of the most popular methods in the repair and rehabilitation of concrete infrastructure due to its ease of application and the special physical characteristics. This paper focus to determine the compressive strength of columns in different type of specimens under Axial load.

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Malone, Brian P., Rakesh Gupta, Thomas H. Miller, and Maureen E. Puettmann. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF LIGHT-FRAME AND TIMBER FRAME STRUCTURES." Journal of Green Building 9, no. 2 (July 2014): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.2.102.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental performance of different wood structural assemblies for residential buildings. Two structural systems (a traditional timber frame and a light-frame) were compared together with alternate material options for each system. Environmental impacts were determined using the Athena Impact Estimator for Buildings software. Design alterations for generalization were made to an existing timber frame (TF) structure used as the basis of this analysis, and an equivalent light-frame (LF) structure was designed based on the International Residential Code (IRC). Environmental impacts observed include total energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, global warming potential (GWP), and wood fiber use. All analyses were considered cradle-to-gate, including the manufacturing and construction life-cycle stages. Results show how GWP is linked to both fossil fuel consumption and wood fiber use, and how ultimate environmental impact is driven by energy source. Environmental impacts of structures are driven by material choice, and levels of carbon stored in structural wood serve to decrease GWP. Of the structural assemblies analyzed, the most traditional TF structure outperformed all other options in almost every measure.

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Wu, Cheng Hao, Meng Guo, and Yuan Jian Zhang. "Displacement Equations Using Force Method for Frame-Composite Walls under Horizontal Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 137 (October 2011): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.137.106.

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According to the special forms and mechanical behavior of frame-composite walls, displacement calculation method for frame-composite walls under horizontal loads is proposed in this paper. The model of frames and composite walls in parallel is adopted for considering working together of them. Cracking of filling blocks at middle and end elastic stages is taken into account. Based on material and structure mechanics theories, the displacement calculation method of frame-composite walls is derived from that of frame structures. The calculation results of the proposed method agree well with the test results of multi-grid composite wall with edge frame columns reinforced by steel. The displacement calculation method of frame-composite walls is compatible with that of frames and that of RC shear walls. The shear deformation of the frame-composite wall contributes most to the whole deformation. And the lateral displacement curves of middle to high-rise frame-composite wall structures are characterized by flexure-shear deformation. The proposed displacement calculation method for frame-composite wall structures can be used as a reference for structural design

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Yuan, De You. "The Stability and Perturbation of Bivariate Gabor Frames and Applications in Material Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.737.

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Material science broadly encompasses the fundamental study of solid matter with the goal of engineering new materials with superior properties, and ultimately enabling altogether new types of devices The window functions and bivariate Gabor frames are introduced. The existence of bivariate Gabor frames with compact support is discussed. Sufficient conditions for irregular bivariate Gabor system to be frames are presented by means of frame multiresolution analysis and paraunitary vector filter bank theory. An algorithm for constructing a sort of orthogonal bivariate vector-valued wavelets with compact support is proposed, and their properties are investigated. The pyramid decomposition scheme is derived based on a generalized multiresolution structure.

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Johanides, Marek, Lenka Kubíncová, David Mikolášek, Antonín Lokaj, Oldřich Sucharda, and Petr Mynarčík. "Analysis of Rotational Stiffness of the Timber Frame Connection." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010156.

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Initially, timber was considered only as an easily accessible and processable material in nature; however, its excellent properties have since become better understood. During the discovery of new building materials and thanks to new technological development processes, industrial processing technologies and gradually drastically decreasing forest areas, wood has become an increasingly neglected material. Load-bearing structures are made mostly of reinforced concrete or steel elements. However, ecological changes, the obvious problems associated with environmental pollution and climate change, are drawing increasing attention to the importance of environmental awareness. These factors are attracting increased attention to wood as a building material. The increased demand for timber as a building material offers the possibility of improving its mechanical and physical properties, and so new wood-based composite materials or new joints of timber structures are being developed to ensure a better load capacity and stiffness of the structure. Therefore, this article deals with the improvement of the frame connection of the timber frame column and a diaphragm beam using mechanical fasteners. In common practice, bolts or a combination of bolts and pins are used for this type of connection. The subject of the research and its motivation was to replace these commonly used fasteners with more modern ones to shorten and simplify the assembly time and to improve the load capacity and rigidity of this type of frame connection.

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Xu, Siyu, Yufei Wang, and Xiao Feng. "Plant Layout Optimization for Chemical Industry Considering Inner Frame Structure Design." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062476.

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Plant layout design is a complex task requiring a wealth of engineering experience. A well-designed layout can extraordinarily reduce various costs, so layout study is of great value. To promote the research depth, plenty of considerations have been taken. However, an actual plant may have several frames and how to distribute facilities and determine the location of them in the different frames has not been well studied. In this work, frames are set as a special kind of inner structure and are added into the model to assign facilities into several blocks. A quantitative method for assigning facilities is proposed to let the number of cross-frame connections be minimized. After allocating the facilities into several blocks, each frame is optimized to obtain initial frame results. With designer decisions and cross-frame flow information, the relative locations of frames are determined and then the internal frame layouts are optimized again to reach the coupling optimization between frame and plant layout. Minimizing the total cost involving investment and operating costs is set to be the objective. In the case study, a plant with 138 facilities and 247 material connections is studied. All the facilities are assigned into four frames, and only 17 connections are left to be cross-frame ones. Through the two optimizations of each frame, the length of cross-frame connections reduces by 582.7 m, and the total cost decreases by 4.7 × 105 ¥/a. Through these steps, the idea of frame is successfully applied and the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is proved.

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Aripov, Daler N., Ivan L. Kuznetsov, and Marat A. Salakhutdinov. "Bearing capacity of pultrusion fiberglass gusset sheets in frame structures." Vestnik MGSU, no. 8 (August 2020): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.8.1115-1125.

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Introduction. At present, design and construction of all-composite structures with the use of pultrusion fiberglass profiles (PFP) are developing. The bearing capacity of all-composite structures is often limited by their node connections. Over the last two decades, many studies have been devoted to the operation of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) element nodes connected at right angles (or in the direction of pultrusion and across it). Frame construction nodes are formed by adjoining frame elements at different angles to the bands through gusset sheets. In accordance with the literature analysis, a small number of tests have been carried out to investigate connections at angles to the pultrusion direction. Existing design solutions of gusset sheets in FRP frame structures are mainly made of steel or composite material produced using other technologies (compaction method, pressure treatment method). This study focuses on the implementation of a node connection on unidirectional gusset sheets in which the fibers are positioned at the angle of 0°. Taking into account the specific features of the material, the gusset sheet design in frame structures has been adapted to the properties of pultrusion fiberglass. The purpose of this study is to increase the efficiency of PFP gusset sheet use in frame structures based on the specifications of this material. Materials and methods. The adaptive method was used when designing the node connection design on the frame structure gusset sheets. The material of the trapezoidal steel truss is changed to the composite material while retaining the original design solution. Subsequently, the structure is upgraded to take into account the properties and features of the composite material. Results. The main results of the study involve determining the factor of safety of pultrusion fiberglass at different angles to the direction of force. In order to increase the bearing capacity of the element node connection, various gusset plate design solutions are provided, which take into account different forces in the frame structure elements. Conclusions. When designing PFP constructions, features of the material must be taken into account. Replacing traditional materials with composite without adjusting the design layout and upgrading the structure leads to increased material intensity.

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Gargallo, Mercedes, Belarmino Cordero, and Alfonso Garcia-Santos. "Material Selection and Characterization for a Novel Frame-Integrated Curtain Wall." Materials 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 1896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081896.

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Curtain walls are the façade of choice in high-rise buildings and an indispensable element of architecture for a contemporary city. In conventional curtain walls, the glass panels are simply supported by the metal framing which transfers any imposed load to the building structure. The absence of composite action between glass and metal results in deep frames, protruding to the inside, occupying valuable space and causing visual disruption. In response to the limited performance of conventional systems, an innovative frame-integrated unitized curtain wall is proposed to reduce structural depth to one fifth (80%) allowing an inside flush finish and gaining nettable space. The novel curtain wall is achieved by bonding a pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) frame to the glass producing a composite insulated glass unit (IGU). This paper selects the candidate frame and adhesive materials performing mechanical tests on GFRP pultrusions to characterize strength and elasticity and on GFRP-glass connections to identify failure module and strength. The material test results are used in a computer-based numerical model of a GFRP-glass composite unitized panel to predict the structural performance when subjected to realistic wind loads. The results confirm the reduction to one fifth is possible since the allowable deflections are within limits. It also indicates that the GFRP areas adjacent to the support might require reinforcing to reduce shear stresses.

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Et. al., Amitava Sil,. "Structural Analysis of Bamboo Wall Framed Structure – An Approach." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 21, 2021): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.313.

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Structural applications of indigenous materials such as bamboo are considered as an integral part of the sustainable development. In the study, the author has tried to analyze bamboo wall framed structure using half strip bamboo anchored to a sheathing material. It has been modeled in STAAD Pro software and different load as- Dead Load, Live Load, Seismic Load, Wind load were applied on the frame. The material properties of bamboo were defined using the value of modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s Ratio, density, and shear modulus obtained from the tests conducted here in laboratory.

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Emilsson, Kajsa, Håkan Johansson, and Magnus Wennerhag. "Frame Disputes or Frame Consensus? “Environment” or “Welfare” First Amongst Climate Strike Protesters." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030882.

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Present debates suppose a close linkage between economic, social, and environmental sustainability and suggest that individual wellbeing and living standards need to be understood as directly linked to environmental concerns. Because social movements are often seen as an avant-garde in pushing for change, this article analyzes climate protesters’ support for three key frames in current periods of social transformation, i.e., an “environmental”, an “economic growth”, and a “welfare” frame. The analyzed data material consists of survey responses from over 900 participants in six Global Climate Strikes held in Sweden during 2019. The article investigates the explanatory relevance of three factors: (a) political and ideological orientation, (b) movement involvement, and (c) social characteristics. The results indicate that climate protesters to a large degree support an environmental frame before an economic growth-oriented frame, whereas the situation is more complex regarding support for a welfare frame vis-á-vis an environmental frame. The strongest factors explaining frame support include social characteristics (gender) and protestors’ political and ideological orientation. Movement involvement has limited significance. The article shows how these frames form a fragment of the complexity of these issues, and instances of frame distinctions, hierarchies, and disputes emerge within the most current forms of climate change demonstrations.

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Moore, Helen, Carol Jasper, and Alex Gillespie. "Moving between frames: The basis of the stable and dialogical self." Culture & Psychology 17, no. 4 (December 2011): 510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354067x11418542.

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Research on the dialogical self has tended to emphasize instability over stability. Grossen and Salazar Orvig (2011) show how norms, values, material objects, and institutions feed into the stability of the self. We expand upon this contribution by introducing Goffman’s (1974) concept of “frames” to theorize both stability and instability. Social interactions do not begin with individuals but with socially given and pre-existing cultural-historical frames which people are called upon to inhabit. Frames comprise historical, institutional, material, and cultural aspects. The key point is that action within a frame tends to stabilize the self, while being caught between frames tends to destabilize the self. The concept of frames can thus provide a clear link between the structure of the social world and the structure of the dialogical self. We use the concept of frames to distinguish the stability produced by one set of expectations, within one frame, from the peculiar instability and dialogical tensions which result from being embedded in discrepant or contradictory frames.

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Firdaus, Kholid, Kadek Rihendra Dantes, and I. Nyoman Pasek Nugraha. "Analisis Perbandingan Tegangan Statik Material Galvanized Steel Dengan Material Aluminium Alloys 7076-T6 (Sn) Pada Frame Ganesha Scooter Underwater (GSU) Menggunakan Software Solidworks." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Undiksha 8, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jptm.v8i1.27302.

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Dalam penenlitian ini dilakukan analisis tegangan statik pada rancangan Frame Ganesha Scooter Underwater dengan perbandingan material galvanized steel dan aluminuium alloys 7076-T6 menggunakan software Solidworks dengan tanpa beban pengendara dan pembebanan dari pengendara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tegangan statik terbesar pada Frame Ganesha Scooter Underwater menggunakan material galvanized steel dan aluminium alloys 7076-T6 dengan beban 80 Kg dan tanpa beban.Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan pada frame dengan material galvanized steel dan aluminium alloys 7076-T6 (SN) tanpa beban pengendara maupun dengan beban pengendara mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan penggantian material aluminium alloys 7076-T6 (SN) yaitu sebesar 8,4% dan juga tegangan maksimum pada frame dengan material galvanized steel dengan beban pengendara mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan penggantian material aluminium alloys 7076-T6 (SN) yaitu sebesar 8,4%. Kemudian hasil faktor keamanan (factor of safety) pada frame material galvanized steel tanpa beban pengendara mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan penggantian material aluminium alloys 7076-T6 (SN) yaitu sebesar 63%. Dan juga faktor keamanan (factor of safety) pada frame standar material galvanized steel dengan beban pengendara mengalami peningkatan setelah dilakukan penggantian material aluminium alloys 7076-T6 (SN) yaitu sebesar 63,02%, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pergantian material galvenized steel dengan aluminium alloys 7076-T6 lebih baik dan lebih kuat untuk digunakan.Kata Kunci:Aluminium Alloys, Frame, Galvanized Steel,Tegangan Von Mises

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Choi, Nak, Diego del Olmo, Peter Fischer, Karsten Pinkwart, and Jens Tübke. "Development of Flow Fields for Zinc Slurry Air Flow Batteries." Batteries 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries6010015.

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The flow field design and material composition of the electrode plays an important role in the performance of redox flow batteries, especially when using highly viscous liquids. To enhance the discharge power density of zinc slurry air flow batteries, an optimum slurry distribution in the cell is key. Hence, several types of flow fields (serpentine, parallel, plastic flow frames) were tested in this study to improve the discharge power density of the battery. The serpentine flow field delivered a power density of 55 mW∙cm−2, while parallel and flow frame resulted in 30 mW∙cm−2 and 10 mW∙cm−2, respectively. Moreover, when the anode bipolar plate material was changed from graphite to copper, the power density of the flow frame increased to 65 mW∙cm−2, and further improvement was attained when the bipolar plate material was further changed to copper–nickel. These results show the potential to increase the power density of slurry-based flow batteries by flow field optimization and design of bipolar plate materials.

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AU, F. T. K., and Z. H. YAN. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FRAMES WITH MATERIAL AND GEOMETRIC NONLINEARITIES BASED ON THE SEMIRIGID TECHNIQUE." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 03 (September 2008): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002727.

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This paper presents a method for nonlinear dynamic analysis of frames with material and geometric nonlinearities which is based on the semirigid technique. The plastic hinge that accounts for the material nonlinearity is modeled as a pseudo-semirigid connection with nonlinear hysteretic moment-curvature characteristics at the element ends. The stiffness matrix of a frame element with material and geometric nonlinearities is expressed as the sum of products of the standard stiffness matrix and the geometric stiffness matrix of the element, with their corresponding correction matrices based on the plasticity factors developed from the section flexural stiffness at the plastic hinge locations. The combined stress yield condition is used for the force state determination of plastic hinges, and force equilibrium iterations and geometry updating for frames are carried out in every time step. When the key parameters of a structure are updated in a time step, the time step is split up into substeps to ensure accuracy while keeping the computations to a reasonable amount. The plastic rotation history can be calculated directly or in an approximate indirect way. The method is computationally efficient and it needs no additional connection elements, which makes it convenient for incorporation into existing linear dynamic analysis programs. Besides, the method can handle accurately and efficiently the dynamic analysis of nonlinear frames using relatively large time steps in conjunction with time step subdivision to cope with key parameter changes. A portal frame is used to verify the correctness of the proposed method. A more complicated five-story frame is used to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed method.

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Mittelberg, Irene. "Embodied frames and scenes." Gesture 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 203–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.16.2.03mit.

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Abstract This paper lays out the foundations of a frame-based account of gesture pragmatics through detailing how frames and metonymy interact not only in motivating gestural sign formation, but also in guiding crossmodal processes of pragmatic inferencing. It is argued that gestures recruiting frame structures tend to profile deeply embodied, routinized aspects of scenes (in the Fillmorian sense of the term), that is, of the motivating context of frames. Two kinds of embodied frame structures situated at different levels of abstraction, schematicity, and entrechment are proposed: (A) Basic physical action and object frames understood as directly experientially grounded frames involving physical action and interaction with the material and social world; (B) Complex, highly abstract frame structures that are more detached from the motivating contexts of experience. It is further suggested that gestures exhibiting a comparably low degree of iconicity and/or indexicality are likely to assume pragmatic rather than referential functions. Finally, potential avenues for further research into the relation of scenes, frames, and (multimodal) constructions are outlined.

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Lewandowski, Roman, and Przemysław Wielentejczyk. "Free vibration of frame structures made of Zener type viscoelastic material." MATEC Web of Conferences 285 (2019): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928500009.

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A method for determining the dynamic characteristics of structures made of viscoelastic material is presented. The fractional Zener model is used to the describe the rheological properties of materials. All of the elements of a structure must be built of material with identical rheological properties. The solution to the linear eigenvalue problem for some elastic structure and the solution to a single nonlinear algebraic equation are needed to obtain the dynamic characteristics of a viscoelastic structure. Moreover, the frequency response functions are determined in a very efficient way. The results of a representative calculation are presented and briefly discussed.

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Guo, Quan Feng, Wei Li, Ji Hong Dong, Yan Chun Li, Ke Jun Wang, Hai Ping Wang, and Wei Guo Zhao. "Application of Carbon Fiber Composite on Space Camera Frame." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 1558–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1558.

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General materials can satisfy the structure strength requirement of space effective payload easily. But it can hardly satisfy the structure stiffness requirement of space payload. Carbon fiber composite has many excellent properties, such as high relative strength, high relative stiffness, small expansion coefficient, good fatigue resistance and excellent vibration resistance. It can be used to make space products. Firstly, this paper discussed the properties of carbon fiber composite material. Compared with common materials, such as aluminum alloy and titanium alloy, carbon fiber composite material is more suitable for applications of space instruments. Secondly, the metal part embedded technique of carbon fiber composite structure was studied. According to the carbon fiber composite structure of a space camera frame, a few structure forms of embedded part ware studied. A space camera frame of carbon fiber composite was designed and manufactured. Finally, finite element analysis and mechanical tests on the space camera frame was carried out. The results reveal that the characteristic frequency of carbon fiber composite frame is up to 104Hz.The space camera frame is of high stiffness and dimensional stability.

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Erofeev, Vladimir, Sergey Korotaev, Alexey Bulgakov, Ilia Tretiakov, and Alexandr Rodin. "Getting Fired Material with Vitreous Binder Using Frame Technology." Procedia Engineering 164 (2016): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.606.

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Ryskin, Gregory. "Misconception which led to the ‘‘material frame-indifference’’ controversy." Physical Review A 32, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 1239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.32.1239.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Frame material'

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