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1
Zhai, Shuainan, Zuyin Zou, Zhanyuan Zhu, et al. "Experimental Study on the Seismic Performance of a Partition Damped Wall-Filled Frame Structure." Shock and Vibration 2019 (November 23, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9108784.
Full textAbstract:
In the past, earthquakes have caused significant damage to traditional masonry filler wall frame structures. To solve this problem, a new design scheme, the partition damping filler wall, is proposed in this paper to reduce the interaction between the filler wall and the frame structure. Low cyclic loading tests are carried out on the traditional and the new masonry filler wall frames. Besides, one full-scale-angled span layer frame without a filler wall is produced for comparison analysis. The mechanical performances of the different frames are studied, including the characteristics of the deformation failure modes, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, rigidity degeneration, energy dissipation capacity, and the lateral displacement of the frame columns. The research results show that the partition damping filler wall can significantly decrease the diagonal bracing effect of the filler wall on the steel frame. Meanwhile, the setting of the low-strength mortar between the filler wall and steel frame and the arrangement of the damping layer can improve the stress distribution and delay the crack development of the wall. Furthermore, the stiffness degradation rate of the partition damping filler wall is obviously slower than that of the traditional masonry filler wall frame structure. In this paper, the partition damped wall-filled frame structure shows outstanding ductility and deformation capacity.
2
Wen, Yang, and Cong Li. "Contrastive Analysis of the Mechanics Behavior of Concrete-Filled Rectangular Steel Tube Frame Structure with Filler Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 5182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.5182.
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Through the Quasi-Static test on two specimens of CFRST frame (KJ)and two specimens of CFRST frame with filler walls(TKJ) in horizontal load, the paper analyses the hysteretic curves of two structures contrastively, ductility, strength and stiffness degradation, consumption energy capacity, failure mechanism and failure characteristics, and also analyses the influence of various parameters on the seismic performance and the mechanical properties. The results show that the filler walls increase the stiffness of the structure, and especially in the early loading it is more significant. It is obvious to reduce the p-Δ effect of the column at the normal using stage. The deformability of frame without filler wall is greater than that of frame with filler wall. But the damage process of frame with filler wall is a flat curve, and it meets the demand of ductile frame. Through the hysteretic curve we can know that the dissipative energy capacity of frame without filler wall is good in contrast with that of frame with filler wall. Then the ductility factor of CFRST frame with filler wall is greater than that of RC frame with filler wall. So we can conclude that the CFRST frame has wonderful superiority on bearing capability, seismic behavior and effective use of material.
3
Gu, Song, Zhi Zheng, Xiao Lei Chang, Zong Kai Wang, Zhou Ming Liao, and Zhou Xian Liao. "Interaction Analysis of Infilled Frame Structures under Lateral Loads." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.559.
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Filler stiffness and confinement effect on the frame structure under horizontal loads, making the earthquake severely damaged in recent years with filler frame structure. Research shows that the actual stiffness frame structure with infill walls and internal force distribution and pure framework significantly different. In this paper, the equivalent model analysis bracing frame structure filler with actual stiffness, elasticity and structure from stage to stage of the internal forces shaping the distribution were analyzed. The results show that the stiffness of the contribution and the confinement effect filler by factors geometry, masonry materials, the impact of the framework is not the same, need to consider the specific analysis and structural design.
4
Panchenko, S., O. Fomin, G. Vatulia, A. Lovska, S. Deryzemlia, and A. Rybin. "JUSTIFICATION OF FILLERS USING IN THE BEARING STRUCTURES COMPONENTS OF FREIGHT CARS." Collection of scientific works of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies series "Transport Systems and Technologies" 1, no. 38 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2617-9040-2021-38-5-1.
Full textAbstract:
To reduce the load on the freight cars frames under operational conditions, it has been suggested that to use fillers in their components. Fillers using is advisable in the most loaded elements of the bearing structure, namely, the spine beam. Therefore, a necessary condition for filler using in the spine beam is the creation of its closed structure. The dynamic load of railcars was carried out, taking into account the proposed provisions. Calculations have shown with filler using, the maximum accelerations acting on the bearing structures of wagons are 4% lower than those accelerations obtained for bearing structures without fillers. The results of determining the main strength indicators of bearing structures of freight cars are presented, taking into account the fillers using in their components. It has been established that the strength of the frames of the considered types of wagons under the main operating conditions is ensured. At the same time, the maximum equivalent stresses in the bearing structures of wagons are 4-9% lower than those in typical frame structures. The conducted research will contribute to the creation of innovative structures of rolling stock and reduce the cost of its maintenance work in operation.
5
Bick, Eckhard. "PFN-PT." Domínios de Lingu@gem 16, no. 4 (2022): 1401–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/dl52-v16n4a2022-7.
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This article presents PFN-PT, a robust system for the automatic semantic annotation of Portuguese, consisting of a new, parsing-oriented framenet and a rule-based frame- and role-tagger. The framenet provides almost 13,000 valency frames covering 7,300 verb lemmas with 10,700 senses. Frame and role tagging is achieved by iterated matching of syntactic structures and semantic noun types with slot-filler conditions in the framenet. We discuss design principles and present frame and role statistics. In an evaluation run on news data, the system achieved an overall F-score of 92.2% for frame senses.
6
Lei, Guang Yu, Yu Yao Zeng, and Can Guo Jin. "Study on Seismic Performance of Infilled Frame of Underlying Weak Layer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1028.
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After the Wenchuan earthquake, a large number of infilled frame structure of underlying weak layer (the bottom of non-filled walls, the upper wall of clouds filling) of the housing system did not appear "weak beam strong column" of the failure mode. Established pure frame structure of finite element model which considered the quality of in filled wall without taking into account of its stiffness and strength and the frame of finite element model which contains filler wall, and carried out elastic-plastic time-history analysis with established finite element model of two under earthquake, through analysis and comparison understand reasons which infilled frame structure of underlying weak layer did not achieve the "weak beam strong column" ductile failure mechanism, and further explored how to achieve "weak beam strong column" failure mechanism for infilled frame structure of underlying weak layer, raised a number of assurance measures.
7
Yang, Wei Guo, and Xing Po Li. "Effects of Different Structural Systems on Lateral Rigidity of Steel Structural Frames." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 1877–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.1877.
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To understand the effect of filler walls on lateral rigidity of steel frame, Some methods such as theoretical analysis, finite elements calculation and experiment study were carried out to do research on the resistant-lateral effectiveness and the steel consumption of the three different structural systems, namely steel frame, frame-bracing and frame-board. The results show that the frame-board system can improve the structural lateral rigidity effectively, and will enhance the structural fundamental natural frequency sharply as well as reducing the structural steel consumption. It is an effective method for improving structural lateral rigidity to utilize the frame filled with wall panel. Making fully use of lateral rigidity of the wall panel can reduce the size of beam and column cross-section, material consumption and project cost.
8
Guo, Hai Yan, and Jian Bing Ye. "Energy-Saving Analysis of Fly Ash Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Block Filler Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 1398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.1398.
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Taking a six-story glass bead thermal insulation concrete frame structure building in Kangding, Sichuan as model, to design filler wall composing of fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block. Utilizing energy dissipation theory analyzes the building energy consumption. Conclusion: The glass bead thermal insulation concrete frame structure of fly ash autoclaved aerated concrete block filler wall meets the requirement of Sichuan residential building energy-saving code.
9
Ye, Yan Xia, Hua Huang, and Dong Wei Li. "Analysis on the Effect of Filler Wall to the Dynamic Characteristics and Storey Displacement of RC Frame Structure." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 644–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.644.
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Comparative analyses of twenty-eight finite element structures with filler walls were established to study dynamic characteristics of RC frame structures under seismic waves. The results of these analyses show that filler walls have little influence on vibration modes of the structure. But as a result of soft storey in the bottom of building caused by reduction of the filler walls, vibration modes have a great influence. As the stiffness of filler wall decrease, the stiffness of soft storey decrease shapely, vibration mode curve becomes much smoother. Considering the filler wall has influence on the vibration periods of framework, the reduction factor of 0.7 should be taken. The influence of filler wall to the value of lateral drift and storey displacement angle of frame can not be ignored. The main effect factors to the dynamic characteristics of framework are included quantity, location, material of the fill wall and the selection of seismic waves.
10
Alyona, Lovska, Stanovska Iraida, Nerubatskyi Volodymyr, et al. "Determining features of the stressed state of a passenger car frame with an energy-absorbing material in the girder beam." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7(119) (2022): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265043.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this study is the processes related to the emergence, perception, and redistribution of loads in the improved structure of a passenger car frame. The scientific and applied task tackled in this paper is to ensure the strength of the supporting structure of a passenger car under operating loads. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the frame of a passenger car by constructing a girder beam from two rectangular pipes filled with material with energy-absorbing properties. The regularities of the frame load have been determined by taking into consideration the proposed solutions. It was found that the maximum equivalent stresses in the frame, taking its improvement into account, are 11.2 % lower than in the structure without filler, and 11.7 % lower than in the typical design. The results reported here are explained by the fact that the use of rectangular pipes filled with energy-absorbing material contributes to an increase in the moment of resistance of the frame, and, accordingly, reduces stresses. In addition, the study has determined the natural oscillation frequencies of the frame. The results of the calculation of the strength of the weld in the zone of interaction of the girder beam with the pivot beams are given. A feature of the results obtained is that the improvement in the strength of the frame is achieved not by strengthening its components but reducing the load. The scope of practical application of the reported results concerns railroad transportation, as well as other sectors of mechanical engineering. The conditions for the practical use of these findings are the introduction of closed profiles in the structure of vehicles at the stage of their design and modernization. This study could help reduce the cost of maintaining passenger cars and improve the efficiency of their operation. In addition, the research might prove useful for designing modern railroad car structures
11
Backman, D., J. Huang, and C. Cowal. "An Investigation into Strain Partitioning in Mismatched HSLA-65 Steel Welds." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 46, no. 2 (2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/03093247jsa669.
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The aim of this study was to quantify strain partitioning in HSLA-65 joints, welded with three types of weld filler: 6011 undermatched weld filler, 7018 matched weld filler, and 9016 overmatched weld filler. Strain measurements were made using a three-dimensional digital image correlation system while specimens were tested on a displacement controlled servo-hydraulic test frame. Crosshead displacement rates ranged from 0.056 mm/s to almost 56 mm/s. Coupons were cut from flux-core arc welded HSLA-65 plates to characterize the base metal, weld filler materials, and mismatched welds. Constitutive material properties could be extracted reliably for all coupons at the lowest displacement rate and showed that, as expected, all weld fillers had similar elastic modulus values but different yield strengths. A comparison of the peak strains at 85 per cent of maximum elongation showed that overall the failure strain was inversely related to the crosshead displacement rate. Analysis of the mismatched coupons found that the failure location was a function of weld filler and was independent of strain rate. Higher magnification imaging of the weld nugget showed that strain partitioning occurred within the weld zone, with slightly lower strains in the cap pass as opposed to the root pass.
12
Li, Li, Ke Jian Ma, Hua Gang Zhang, and Ya Qin Lu. "The Application of Grid-Frame Structures with Specially Shaped Columns in Energy-Saving House Using Phosphorus Gypsum." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 987–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.987.
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The feature of the concrete grid-frame structure with specially shaped columns is the frame beams and specially shaped columns in the walls were divided by rib beams and rib columns, then the rib beams, the rib columns, the frame beams and the specially shaped columns together constitute the grid-frame structures with specially shaped columns. The rib beams and the rib columns can share parts of the vertical and horizontal loads which the structure should bear and work together with the frame beams and the specially shaped columns, so make the lateral stiffness of the structure is increased and the ultimate strength, ductility and seismic performance of the structure are improved. Moreover, Phosphorus gypsum will be poured to enclose concrete beams and columns and become the filler wall among them. At the same time, phosphorus gypsum wallboards are used as the middle filler walls to separated rooms flexibly. By doing so, the building is more energy saving. In addition, the phosphorus gypsum which is a type of industrial waste can be consumed and become useful material in construction.
13
Li, Cheng, and Lirong Liu. "Research on Cast-in-situ Pumice Concrete Filler Wall Construction Technology." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (2022): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i1.1972.
Full textAbstract:
Since the existing masonry filler wall has the shortages such as: the heavy self-weight, low masonry mortar bond. we invented cast-in-situ insulation filler wall by using pumice concrete which is peculiar in Zhangjiakou region. This paper focused on construction technology for filler wall and problems that should be paid attention to on the construction. Cast-in-situ pumice concrete frame filler wall has the advantages of good entirety, simple construction, fast construction speed, it can reduce labor cost and improve the quality of engineering, thus achieves good technical and economic efficiency.
14
Benincasa, Luciana. "Word problems and make-believe: Using frame analysis and ethnomethodology to explore aspects of the culture of schooling." Journal of Pedagogy 8, no. 2 (2017): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jped-2017-0010.
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Abstract The paper applies Goffman’s frame analysis and ethnomethodology to student performance on mathematical word problems. In educational research, frame analysis has usually been limited to primary frames. Instead, in this paper I focus on the kind of secondary frame that Goffman calls ‘utilitarian make-believe’. The data consist of a fragment of verbal interaction between a teacher and a 12-year-old pupil during an oral mathematics exam. By evoking the idea of ‘as-ifness’, word problems introduce pupils to a make-believe world. The text consists only of ‘filler words’ because what really matters are the figures. Word problems and possibly other aspects of schooling can be interpreted in terms of a utilitarian make-believe key. Readiness to adopt this make-believe frame when required may be the difference between school success and failure. I argue that maths achievement takes more than just ‘being good with numbers’. It is a joint enterprise of people interacting within a culturally-shaped setting, organized so as to make some phenomena stand out rather than others. Finally, I argue that ‘word problems and possibly other ‘school genres’ could be added to the list of utilitarian make-believe frames provided by Goffman.
15
Shamsudin, Sarimah, Aisha Bhatti, and Seriaznita Mat Said. "Urdu fillers used by English teachers in ESL classrooms." International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies 13, no. 2 (2024): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5019.v13i2.5038.
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Pakistan is a bilingual country with nine major and 68 minor languages. It is quite common for English language teachers to use their first language (L1) in their second language (L2) classrooms which is called code switching. This predominant practice of code switching can serve as a filler to ensure the continuity of an interaction or fill a communication gap. Hence, this paper aims to describe the different kinds and purposes of Urdu fillers that three English as a second language (ESL) teachers from Pakistan use when teaching students in ESL courses at the university level. The data consists of four classroom recordings of each teacher’s lectures which have been transcribed for qualitative analysis. The overall findings showed that ESL teachers produced more lexicalized filled pauses than non-lexicalized filled ones in Urdu. The lexicalized filled pauses served as an editing tool, a response marker, an opening frame marker, an empathizer, a time-creating device or a positive reaction. On the other hand, the non-lexicalized filled pauses were used as reaction marker, hesitation marker, device for keeping the floor, device while searching for a word or breathing pause. Hence, this study suggests the importance of fillers as a language teaching and learning tool.
16
Vatulia, G. L., A. O. Lovska, A. V. Rybin, M. V. Pavliuchenkov, and D. H. Petrenko. "Experimental research of the stress-strain state of the energyabsorbing center sill of an open wagon." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1499, no. 1 (2025): 012072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1499/1/012072.
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Abstract The development prospects of the railway industry require the introduction of the scientific solutions to improve the operational efficiency of rail transport facilities. One of the ways to achieve this objective is to increase the strength of rail transport facilities, which can reduce the maintenance costs and enhance the reliability in operation. The loading on the bearing structures of wagons in operation can be reduced by applying closed profiles filled with energy-absorbing material in wagon frame components. The article presents the results of the experimental substantiation of the application of filler for the center sill in the open wagon. The research was made for the end part of the frame as the most loaded component regarding the longitudinal operational forces. The research included two stages: determination of the stress-strain state of hollow samples (rods) and ones with filler. The deformation behavior of the test samples was studied by means of resistance strain gauges with an active gauge length of 10 mm and resistance of 100 Oh; they were calibrated in advance. The resistance strain gauges were mounted according to the bridge connection. The areas, on which the resistance strain gauges were glued, were determined by the results of the finite element modelling of the samples in Lira-SAPR and SolidWorks Simulation. The results of the research demonstrated that with filler in the rod the stresses were reduced by 5% in comparison with stresses in the rod without filler. The difference between the experimental and theoretical strength calculations for the rods was about 3%. The research results will contribute to the creation of wagons with improved technical and economic indicators, reducing the costs of their maintenance by reducing the number of damages and improving the environmental friendliness of freight transportation by rail.
17
Yang, De Jian, and Sai Lan Mao. "The Damage Characteristic Influence and the Seismic Measure Research on the Frame Structure by the Filler Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.447.
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The paper analyses the damages of the frame structure with bottom weak layer considering of Wenchuan earthquake. The analysis result indicates the current design method "pure frame" is imperfect. The related research shows that important reason for the bottom weak layer’s breakage is the stiffness mutation which is caused by the filler wall. If we arranged partial shear wall structure in the bottom weak layer, the adverse effects of stiffness mutation will be decreased, and improve the seismic performance of the frame structure with bottom weak layer.
18
Vasilyev, Michael, Anatoly Gerasimov, and Nikita Rud. "Experimental study of the effect of the design features of frame partitions on their sound insulation." MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000028.
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This paper presents an experimental comparison of various multilayer frame-sheathing structures and describes the effect of their design features on their own sound insulation. The paper discusses the dependence of sound insulation on material and type of the frame, the amount and density of the filler, the number and type of facing layers, the presence of a damping layer and a divided base.
19
Lovska, Alyona, Iraida Stanovska, Volodymyr Nerubatskyi, et al. "Determining features of the stressed state of a passenger car frame with an energy-absorbing material in the girder beam." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 7 (119) (2022): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.265043.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this study is the processes related to the emergence, perception, and redistribution of loads in the improved structure of a passenger car frame. The scientific and applied task tackled in this paper is to ensure the strength of the supporting structure of a passenger car under operating loads. In this regard, it is proposed to improve the frame of a passenger car by constructing a girder beam from two rectangular pipes filled with material with energy-absorbing properties. The regularities of the frame load have been determined by taking into consideration the proposed solutions. It was found that the maximum equivalent stresses in the frame, taking its improvement into account, are 11.2 % lower than in the structure without filler, and 11.7 % lower than in the typical design. The results reported here are explained by the fact that the use of rectangular pipes filled with energy-absorbing material contributes to an increase in the moment of resistance of the frame, and, accordingly, reduces stresses. In addition, the study has determined the natural oscillation frequencies of the frame. The results of the calculation of the strength of the weld in the zone of interaction of the girder beam with the pivot beams are given. A feature of the results obtained is that the improvement in the strength of the frame is achieved not by strengthening its components but reducing the load. The scope of practical application of the reported results concerns railroad transportation, as well as other sectors of mechanical engineering. The conditions for the practical use of these findings are the introduction of closed profiles in the structure of vehicles at the stage of their design and modernization. This study could help reduce the cost of maintaining passenger cars and improve the efficiency of their operation. In addition, the research might prove useful for designing modern railroad car structures
20
Strokova, Valeria, Mikhail Lebedev, Irina Potapova, and Konstantin Sobolev. "New Alumosilicate Fillers Based on Sedimentary Rocks for Asphalt Concrete." MRS Proceedings 1611 (2014): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.762.
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ABSTRACTAsphalt concrete is the most common material for highway and motorway construction. The quality of asphalt is determined, to a large extent, by properties of asphalt binder. Fillers, which are mineral powders from carbonate rocks and aggregates fines, such as limestone and dolomite, are often used in the composition of bitumen mastics affecting the performance of asphalt.This article explores the feasibility of using the fines of aluminosilicate sedimentary rocks as fillers. These materials are composed of clay minerals, which change their properties upon the contact with water. Normally, the use of such fillers is restricted because of poor water resistance and swelling of asphalt concrete. In order to improve the performance of these fillers, the thermal modification at moderate temperatures of 500–600 °C has been proposed. Such treatment provides sufficient structural stability of obtained materials and results in the reduction of water absorption of asphalt, improved water resistance (up to 2.5 times) and also, in reduced swelling (up to 9 times).It has been demonstrated that improvement in the filler performance can be achieved by a heat treatment. Such treatment induces changes in the mineral composition and converts the structure of clay minerals into the frame structure of zeolite, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Due to thermal treatment, there is a change in the acid-base properties of the surface of the filler, which is reflected in the profiles of the main adsorption centers. As a result, due to chemisorption, the modified aluminosilicate fillers are able to interact with bitumen. The application of new filler materials in asphalt concrete enables to enhance the performance.
21
Sun, Ming She, Shu Ying Qu, Fan Bo Meng, and Cui Ling Li. "Research Summary of Vibration Reducing Performance for Infilled Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 1545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.1545.
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Infilled wall is always regarded as a nonload bearing element, its energy-dissipation capacity and impact for the frame structure under earthquake have not been taken seriously. In this paper the function of infilled wall for frame structure was discussed, energy-dissipation capacity of different measures were analysed and compared from the point of passive control theory. This paper provides the reference for the further research of filler wall.
22
Rykalová, Eva. "Analysis of Glass Elements Fasted into the Steel Frame." Applied Mechanics and Materials 351-352 (August 2013): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.351-352.208.
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Glass as a building material is quite used nowadays. In the Czech Republic, the glass is still considered only as a filler material; therefore assessment of them in terms of statics is difficult. This paper deals with the issue of designing of sheet of glass of railing in the Czech Republic. This article describes the process of bending tests of multilayer glass of comparable thicknesses and analyzes its behavior in terms of safety and maximum load.
23
Kemsies, Ronald. "Frame-based instruction: Teaching polysemous nouns in the L2." Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 4, no. 1 (2016): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2016-0012.
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Abstract Across the various L2 teaching methodologies, polysemy represents a mostly neglected phenomenon. Due to the widespread belief that multiple meaning extensions are largely arbitrary as well as due to the lack of a systematic teaching method, rote learning of polysemous word meanings frequently appears to be a common practice in L2 classrooms. A cognitive semantic view of polysemy claims that polysemous meaning extensions are motivated and form a systematic network (Lakoff 1987). Against this backdrop, this article introduces a CL-based learning/teaching technique in order to systematically approximate the intended meanings of polysemous L2 nouns in context. ‘Frame-based instruction’ capitalizes on the notion of frame-inherent ‘slots’ and ‘fillers’ (cf., e.g., Barsalou 1992; Martin 1997; Minsky 1975). According to this view, polysemy arises through context- dependent slot-filler configurations. The method grants L2 learners access to these structures through a systematic array of questions scanning generic slots within the contextual frame and the polyseme-frame. In doing so, it guides them to unveil the intended polysemous word meaning in context in a step-by-step fashion. After an illustration of the method on the basis of a practical example, an empirical study is presented which tested the functionality of frame-based instruction in a classroom setting with 13-year-old EFL learners in Austria. Although the experiment produced a statistical null result, several future avenues of research crystallized with regard to an improved implementation of the method.
24
Jia, Yigang, Guangyu Wu, Yaxi Zhong, WenGuo Ren, Cheng Yu, and Bao Wan. "Nonlinear Simulation Analysis on Loaded-Bearing Performance of Multistory Infilled R.C. Frame Structure with Openings Under Horizontal Force." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (2017): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6351.
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The influence of infill walls on the mechanical property of RC frame structures is distinct, the rational lateral stiffness of infilled frame structures and the design method of filler wall which are considered in resistance urgently need to be discussed. A group of single-span single-story infilled frame models (three) are nonlinear simulation analyzed by using ANSYS program, and verify the results of ANSYS by comparing with their experimental results. Then, establish a group of single-span three-stories infilled frame models (seven) with different opening sizes and different opening locations to simulate and analyze the lateral performance of multistory infilled frame structure with openings. And the following conclusions are drawn: the frame beam is in the unfavorable condition of “short beam sheared” with the existence of the openings in up and down stories; the lower the location of story is, the bigger the lateral stiffness of infilled frame is, and the quicker the degradation speed of stiffness is and so on.
25
Liu, Chengcong, Yu Bai, Xinli Jiang, and Hexian Su. "Experimental Study on Axial Compressive Performance of Light-Steel Skeleton–Cement–Fly Ash Foam Wallboard." Buildings 13, no. 8 (2023): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13081928.
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Foamed cement fly ash is a new type of lightweight construction material that can be combined with a light steel frame to form light-steel skeleton–cement–fly ash foam wallboard (LSSCFAFW). The research on the axial compressive performance of light steel and light concrete composite wallboard is relatively limited. Four pieces of LSSCFAFWs were manufactured, and the impact of stand column quantity and various filler parameters on the LSSCFAFW was investigated. The failure mode of the wallboard and the influence of different parameter variables on its axial compressive performance were obtained through experiments. Moreover, the test results indicated essentially the same damage patterns in terms of stand-column buckling, filler crushing, and self-tapping screw failure. The addition of polypropylene fiber to this wallboard can prevent filler from falling off. The axial compressive performance of the LSSCFAFW demonstrates a direct proportion with the number of columns and cement content, improving as the number of stand columns and the cement content increase. However, the addition of polypropylene fiber to the filler has a minimal effect on the axial compressive performance of this wallboard. Compared to the control group, increasing the number of stand columns, adding 0.4% polypropylene fibers, and increasing the cement dosage to 50% improved the ultimate bearing capacity of the wallboards by 12%, 8%, and 56% respectively. The result of this study can provide references for the research and application of light steel frame to form LSSCFAFW.
26
Gao, Ming. "Seismic Damage Analysis and the Study of Reinforcement Measures for RC Frame Structure Building in Civil Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 568 (September 2012): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.568.85.
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In 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake, most of the buildings were damaged at different degrees in Mianyang. To analysis seismic damage of RC frame structure building, and investigate its reinforcement situation，the results show that: For destruction of frame column or bottom frame structure column, enlarge section method is used mostly for reinforcement in civil engineering；To serious damage of affiliated structure such as filler wall and Parapet, most of them will be demolished and built again, and add constructional column; To the situation of concrete bottom plate with crack, paste carbon fiber sheet or bottom plant steel was used depending on the structural damage degree, and jet concrete for strengthening.
27
Mamatov, Zhanybek, Zhakshylyk Kozhobaev, Nurlan Shamshiev, and Ysat Sydykov. "Some features of the structural systems of houses built from materials." E3S Web of Conferences 410 (2023): 03032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341003032.
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This paper discusses the technological and design features of houses built from local clay materials, in particular, those built from a wooden frame filled with clay materials called “synch” and from adobe or clay materials of irregular shape “pakhsa”. Such buildings built from local materials, as a rule, related to buildings with walls made of low-strength materials, were mostly erected without observing technological, anti-seismic measures and are characterized as the most vulnerable in seismic terms. A comparative analysis of the technology of erection by the owners themselves with some violations and the technology of erection proposed by us in compliance with the rules during the construction process was carried out. In houses built using the “synch” technology, foam balls (expanded polystyrene) were used as a filler to reduce the mass of clay, the optimal ratio of clay and expanded polystyrene was revealed, in the course of research we received a patent for a modified clay material with expanded polystyrene. And also, the results of testing models of houses built from a wooden frame filled with clay materials (synch) and from clay materials using the “pakhsa” technologies are given.
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SZCZUCKA-LASOTA, Bożena, and Tomasz WĘGRZYN. "Filler materials for MAG welding with microjet cooling for truck frame repairs." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 101 (December 1, 2018): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2018.101.19.
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Chen, Mufeng, Junjie Chen, Lushun Wei, and Wenhui Wu. "Comparison of Practical Calculation Methods for Overall Frame Structures with Filler Walls." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 439 (November 5, 2018): 032069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/439/3/032069.
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Seo, Soo-Yeon, and Kang-Su Kim. "Bearing Strength of Filler Joint in EG-Frame System for the Construction of Underground Wall in Building." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction 32, no. 10 (2016): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5659/jaik_sc.2016.32.10.3.
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Erofeev, Vladimir, Dmitriy Gubanov, Andrey Bogatov, and Alexey Bulgakov. "Frame Polymerbetons Based on Fillers of Different Nature." Materials Science Forum 1011 (September 2020): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1011.164.
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Recently, the frame composite materials have been developed greatly at the production introduction level. The manufacturing technology of these materials is carried out in two stages: first, large aggregates are glued into the frame, and second, the porous frame voids are impregnated with the matrix component. In this article, we studied the various aggregates’ effect on the polymer concrete frame structures properties using epoxy binders. The materials based on the quenched cullet, brickbats, granite and limestone crushed stone, and the polymer granules were considered as large aggregates. The studied properties were the strength and elastic modulus. Quantitative dependences of compressive and bending strength, elastic modulus of frame composites on the aggregate type and other prescription factors are obtained. Using the methods of mathematical experimental planning, the optimal particle size distribution for the composites with grains from quenched cullet was selected. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of using industrial wastes in polymer concrete compositions: polymer granules, quenched cullet and brickbats. Used glass makes up about 10% of the household waste. Its reuse is usually associated with high capital costs allocated for sorting glass by color, removing stones and other impurities. Glass grinding allows to get a fine-grained filler and aggregate. Strength and deformation characteristics of the matrix compositions, frameworks and composites as a whole are determined.
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Buckingham, Hugh W. "Embodiment, muscle sense, and memory for speech." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 4 (1998): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98261267.
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MacNeilage's target article develops a theory for the evolution of human speech articulation along the lines of “slot- filler” structure. His content/frame schema commits him to the tenets of embodiment, muscle sense, and a memory for speech. My commentary ties these aspects together in their historical and current perspective.
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Assi, Ahmad, Fabjola Bilo, Alessandra Zanoletti, et al. "A Circular Economy Virtuous Example—Use of a Stabilized Waste Material Instead of Calcite to Produce Sustainable Composites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030754.
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This work reports and analyzes the mechanical properties of some composites obtained using stabilized waste with epoxy resins E-227. For comparison, correspondent composite samples were realized using calcite as a filler. The recovered stabilized waste was obtained by means of a new method to stabilize municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA), based on the use of bottom ash (BA). The aim of this paper is to show that the stabilization process, which can be considered a zero—waste treatment, produces inert materials, that can be reused as a filler. The production of new filler was made on a pilot plant, designed to verify the transferability of the proposed stabilization technology. Mechanical analysis revealed that flexural modulus raises by increasing the filler content around 30% wt, independently of filler type, stabilized sample or calcium carbonate. Mechanical properties are lower in the samples with the high amount of filler due to the crowding effect. The morphology of composite materials showed a non-homogeneous dispersion of particles in stabilized sample filler, characterized by large particle agglomerates. Finally, according to the ESCAPE simplified method, the obtained composites result more sustainable in comparison with the corresponding ones produced by using natural resources (like calcite). These findings open new possibilities for the reuse of the stabilized material, in frame of circular economy principles, with environmental and economic advantages.
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Lufinka, Aleš, and Michal Petrů. "Analysis of the Tailgate Frame Composite Tube Mechanical Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.235.
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Substitute of the traditional materials with new plastic-based and composite materials is a trend in today's automotive industry. Mechanical properties of the composite parts are highly influenced by the composite production (material of fibers and their distribution, type and density of a filler). Knowledge of the specific composite material mechanical properties is necessary for CAD modeling and FEM calculations during the assembly design. These mechanical properties can be obtained by creating a composite structure in FEM software. However, the real composite may be different from the ideal FEM model (due to inaccuracies in its manufacture). Therefore, it is highly advisable to verify the modeling results by measuring of the real composite material properties. Identification and verification of the composite tube mechanical properties used in the hybrid car tailgate are described in this paper.
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Morsali, Vafa, Farzad Babamohammadi, and Jahangir Elyasi. "The Seismic Performance of Infill and Retrofitted Structural Walls under Earthquakes." Nexo Revista Científica 36, no. 06 (2023): 876–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v36i06.17443.
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To account for the effects of infill walls, the Iranian Code reduces the period of the structure. As a result, filler walls in the plane of structural frames result in significant changes in the properties they possess; therefore, the resistance, stiffness, ductility, distribution of internal forces, and other characteristics of such a frame with an empty frame differ greatly. In this research using 7 far-field earthquakes, a nonlinear time history analysis was performed on reinforced concrete frames with and without masonry infill walls. The maximum relative displacements between the stories were determined. Also, to evaluate the seismic performance of structural masonry walls, the fragility curve of unreinforced masonry walls retrofitted with FRP sheet based on different scenario under the effect of earthquake loads has been investigated by the finite element method. According to the results, the presence of infill walls reduces the number of plastic hinges as well as the maximum relative displacement between the stories. Furthermore, by increasing the number of FRP sheet layers and the reinforced area of the FRP sheet to the entire wall of an unreinforced structural wall, the seismic behaviour of the wall is more effective than other reinforcement patterns and damages the wall less.
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Jucker, Andreas H. "The discourse markerwellin the history of English." English Language and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (1997): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067430000037x.
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The discourse markerwellhas four distinct uses in Modern English: as a frame it introduces a new topic or prefaces direct reported speech; as a qualifier it prefaces a reply which is only a partial answer to a question; as a face-threat mitigator it prefaces a disagreement; and as a pause filler it bridges interactional silence.In Old Englishwellwas used on an interpersonal level as an emphatic attention-getting device (similar to Old Englishhwæt‘listen’, ‘behold’, or ‘what’). In Middle English,wellalways functioned as a frame on a textual level. In Early Modern English, and particularly in the plays by Shakespeare, the uses ofwelldiversified considerably and adopted interpersonal uses again.
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Pavlov, M. S., A. K. Karavatskiy, K. V. Kostyushin, K. K. Ismailov, N. O. Kostyushina, and S. A. Orlov. "DESIGN OPTIMIZATION FOR AN UNMANNED DRONE FRAME." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 73 (2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/73/7.
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Designing of a drone frame is presented in this paper. The main goal is to develop the optimal drone frame geometry. The optimization criterion represents mass minimization along with ensuring the required stiffness. Another intention is to use cheap materials and simple manufacturing technologies. The design process consists of three steps. The first step is engineering of a composite material, which is a three-layer sandwich panel. A series of three-point bending experiments are carried out for material samples. The optimality criterion takes into account both physical and economic features of the material. In the final scheme the outer layers are made of carbon and basalt fabrics, which are impregnated with resin, and a specific non-woven material is used as filler. The second step is the initial design. Dimensions are specified for design purposes. The third step is the optimization process. The finite element model of the frame is developed. The drone weight and the lift forces serve as applied loads. The optimization is implemented by removing material from unloaded areas of the structure. The Nelder–Mead (simplex) method with varying geometric parameters of the structure is used. As a result of the optimization process, the mass of the initial structure is reduced by 25.6 percent.
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Petranek, Vít, Sergii Guzii, Pavel Krivenko, Konstantinos Sotiriadis, and Anastasiia Kravchenko. "New Thermal Insulating Material Based on Geocement." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.183.
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A new thermal insulating material was developed on the basis of a geocement, formulated as Na2OAl2O36SiO220H2O. Ground limestone and aluminosilicate pellets were used as fillers for its production (composition: geocement 64.29 wt. [%]; fillers 35.71 wt. [%]). This material, which is applied having a thickness of 3.0-4.5 mm, swells when it is exposed to an external heat flow of 1273 K average temperature. Swelling is due to the matrix phases and filler dehydration, which include heulandite, ussingite, sodium zeolite and other phases. As a result, a finely porous glassy aluminosilicate frame of jadeite-albite composition is formed, which is characterized by low thermal conductivity (0.09-0.175 Wm-1K-1). The developed material can be used to protect and to insulate wooden, metal and concrete surfaces from an one-sided heat source.The paper is dedicated to the great scientist of the XXI century in the field of alkali-activated cements and materials based on them, Pavlo Kryvenko, in honor of his 75thbirthday anniversary.
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Wijnen, Frank. "Taalproduktie en -Ontwikkeling." Taalproduktie 48 (January 1, 1994): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.48.05wij.
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The question that is addressed in this contribution is: to what extent does the language production mechanism in children differ from that in competent adult speakers? It is assumed that utterance planning in adults is a hierarchical process, in which relatively autonomous processing components successively build conceptual, syntactic and phonological representations. Each component of the production system, however, makes use of the same basic processing algorithm, the so-called frame-and-filler mechanism. The developmental question can thus be rephrased as follows: (a) Do the representations constructed at the various levels change as a function of age? (b) Do the basic planning algorithms change? Three longitudinal studies of spontaneous speech production in 1.5 to 4-year-old children are reviewed. The first study presented a child in which the transition from telegraphic speech to a morpho-syntactically more mature type of language use led to a temporary increase in speech disfluency (interruptions, repetitions, self-corrections etc.). It is argued that the disfluency peak reflects a re-arrangement of syntactic planning, which is necessitated by the development of the child's morpho-syntactic knowledge. The second study compared slips of the tongue in adults and children, particularly word and sound substitutions. Basically, the patterns found were similar for adults and children. Not only in the adults, but also in the children the linguistic elements that interact in speech errors are inherently or contextually similar. This suggests that the frame-and-filler mechanism is developmentally invariant. The third study investigated the optional realization of metrically weak syllables and morphemes in children's utterances. The results indicate that this phenomenon can be related to a constraint on phonological planning frames, viz. that only trochaeic feet are allowed. The conclusion that can be drawn from this review is that in the development of language production, the representations (planning frames) change, but the planning algorithms remain essentially the same.
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Gabibov, I. A., O. A. Dyshin, and K. B. Rustamova. "Formation of the properties of the structure of disperse-filled polymer composites." Plasticheskie massy, no. 9-10 (November 2, 2019): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2019-9-10-23-26.
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The influence of the structure on the properties of the metal-polymer composite consisting of a polymer matrix in the form of epoxy resin (ED-20) with butadiene-styrene rubber (BSK), dispersedly filled with copper nanoparticles, is investigated. In the framework of fractal analysis, the real diameter of the aggregates of the initial filler particles was calculated for various concentrations and size of the filling particles and for different compositions of the polymer matrix. The concept of the structure of a polymer composite as a combination of two fractals (multifractals) was substantially used, which allows to determine the principles of the polymer matrix plasticity changes and to reveal the main factors affecting the degree of perturbation of its structure. Using fractal analysis methods, the influence of factors on the fractal dimension of the surface of initial filler particles aggregates and on the pattern of its dependence both on the degree of aggregation and on the fractal dimension of the frame of the particle aggregate is investigated The proposed approach enables prediction the fi nal parameters of aggregates of nanoparticles as a function of the size of the initial particles, their concentration and chemical properties of the surface of the polymer matrix.
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Plagge, Jan, and Manfred Klüppel. "Micromechanics of Stress-Softening and Hysteresis of Filler Reinforced Elastomers with Applications to Thermo-Oxidative Aging." Polymers 12, no. 6 (2020): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12061350.
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A micromechanical concept of filler-induced stress-softening and hysteresis is established that describes the complex quasi-static deformation behavior of filler reinforced rubbers upon repeated stretching with increasing amplitude. It is based on a non-affine tube model of rubber elasticity and a distinct deformation and fracture mechanics of filler clusters in the stress field of the rubber matrix. For the description of the clusters we refer to a three-dimensional generalization of the Kantor–Webman model of flexible chain aggregates with distinct bending–twisting and tension deformation of bonds. The bending–twisting deformation dominates the elasticity of filler clusters in elastomers while the tension deformation is assumed to be mainly responsible for fracture. The cluster mechanics is described in detail in the theoretical section, whereby two different fracture criteria of filler–filler bonds are considered, denoted “monodisperse” and “hierarchical” bond fracture mechanism. Both concepts are compared in the experimental section, where stress–strain cycles of a series of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) composites with various thermo-oxidative aging histories are evaluated. It is found that the “hierarchical” bond fracture mechanism delivers better fits and more stable fitting parameters, though the evolution of fitting parameters with aging time is similar for both models. From the adaptations it is concluded that the crosslinking density remains almost constant, indicating that the sulfur bridges in EPDM networks are mono-sulfidic, and hence, quite stable—even at 130 °C aging temperature. The hardening of the composites with increasing aging time is mainly attributed to the relaxation of filler–filler bonds, which results in an increased stiffness and strength of the bonds. Finally, a frame-independent simplified version of the stress-softening model is proposed that allows for an easy implementation into numerical codes for fast FEM simulations
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Lee, Seong-Min, and Yeon-Wook Kim. "Thermal-Cycling-Induced Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Damage in Semiconductor Devices Assembled Utilizing a Lead-on-Chip Package." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 61, no. 2 (2023): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2023.61.2.76.
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This article shows how fractures in the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> layer, which comprises the top layer of semiconductor devices encapsulated utilizing a lead-on-chip (LOC) packaging technique, are influenced by changes in the lead-frame materials and thermal-cycling test conditions. Using thermal-cycling tests, it was found that fractures in the Si 3 N 4 layer are the most sensitive to changes in the lead-frame materials at the early stage of thermal-cycling, between -65<sup>o</sup>C and 150<sup>o</sup>C. Through SEM examinations and stress simulations, this work shows that adopting a copper lead-frame with a CTE-value similar to that of a package body effectively prevents filler-driven Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> damage, providing semiconductor devices with better reliability margins during thermal-cycling.
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Lu, Yong Kun, Hong Fu Chen, Hao Yu Zhang, Xu Chuan Lin, and Hao Chen. "Investigation and Preliminary Analysis of Rural and Town Building Damages of Yunnan Ludian Ms6.5 Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1464.
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The "8.03" Ms6.5 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan province is the largest earthquake of the area in recorded history. The PGA of epicenter (Longtoushan town) reaches 948gal and the intensity of meizoseismal area arrives to IX degree. The earthquake has caused severe casualties and huge property losses. Based on the earthquake damage investigation, it is found that structure types of affected towns mainly include mud-wood, brick-wood, masonry, frame, bottom frame and composite structures. In the IX degree area, most of the mud-wood, brick-wood, unfortified masonry and composite structures turn into severely damaged or destroyed. Most bottom frame structures obtain inclined shear cracks on bottom walls. Part of the masonry structures built after 2008, which are set with ring beams, construction columns, cast-in-place floors and roofs, show well earthquake performances and suffer slight damage. What’s more, most filler walls and other non-structural components of frame structures in the meizoseismal area are severely damaged, part of their column ends or beam-column joints fall into failure, which doesn’t achieve "strong column-weak beam" yielding mechanism of the seismic design code expectation. The ending of this paper summarizes a number of recommendations for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction work according to local conditions.
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Kettar, Jalal, Khadija Baba, Abderrahman Nounah, and Lahcen Bahi. "Mechanical behavior of the reinforced concrete frame with masonry filling Comportement mécanique des portiques en béton armé avec remplissage en maçonnerie." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 02062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902062.
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Masonry is often used in the most of reinforced concrete structure constructions as a filling material that is important on structural characteristics. Structural contribution in the calculations was neglected or misunderstood, mainly due to the lack of a practical calculation methods and an appropriate regulatory tool. The analysis of frames filled with masonry is very complex. This complexity is linked from one part to the difference in the nature of elements and its behavior that make up the masonry itself (brick and mortar) and their interaction, and on the other part, for the large dispersion that characterizes the bricks as well as the execution's quality parameters which make it difficult to define reliable criteria for the masonry. The objective of this work is to experimentally highlight the influence of the hollow brick masonry filler, commonly used in Morocco, on reinforced concrete frames subject to lateral stresses, to deepen understanding the seismic behavior of the masonry structures by evaluating the structural performance of a specimen wall. These experimental results will be compared to those found by modeling prototypes, using SAP 2000 software, based on various approaches and models as well as other results deduced from the other researchers. The experimental study was carried out according to standard NF EN 1052-3 on two reinforced concrete frames, of dimensions (2m X 1.6m), the one with the masonry filling, and the other without filling in order to determine the initial characteristic resistance to the shearing of the masonry walls. The obtained results showed that a filling has a beneficial effect on rigidity which can be doubled compared to an empty frame. in the same way the lateral resistance. But this effect is much contrasted; it depends a lot on the characteristics essentially of the materials (bricks and concrete). This is the main reason, which justifies the divergence of the results deduced from the nine models that we used.
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MIDAWI, ABDELBASET R. H., ELLIOT BIRO, and SRINATH KISTAMPALLY. "Effect of Coating and Welding Wire Composition on AHSS GMA Welds." Welding Journal 100, no. 12 (2021): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2021.100.035.
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Advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) such as complexphase (CP) and high-formability (HF) steel offer weightsaving advantages for automotive applications such as chassis and frame applications. To prevent material oxidation, materials are often galvanized to protect the substrate from corrosion. However, the weldability of coated AHSS becomes challenging due to the trapping of zinc in the weld molten pool, which could lead to weld defects such as porosity and liquid metal embrittlement cracks. This work focused on the weldability of AHSS (CP800 and 980HF) using the gas metal arc welding process. The roles of both galvanized iron coating and filler material on weld strength were investigated. The welds were performed using two different filler materials: a low-strength filler (ER70S-6) and a high-strength filler (ER100S-6) material. In addition, two different joint configurations were studied: lap joints and butt joints. The results showed that the butt joint had a higher strength compared to the lap joints. Furthermore, the strength of the butt joint overmatched the base material strength in all of the tested materials (both in galvanized and uncoated). In general, lap joint strength undermatched the base material strength, which was attributed to the rotation during tensile testing that induced unaccounted bending stress on the lap joint, while using a higherstrength welding wire improved the tensile strength material in the lap joint configuration. The hardness profiles in the 980HF steel also showed a significant hardness mismatch due to the formation of a fully martensitic microstructure in the heat-affected zone, which led to suppressing the deformation across the lap joint.
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Boymuratov, F. Т., U. Abdurakhmanov, Sh M. Sharipov, G. I. Mukhamedov, and G. Yu Yurkov. "INFLUENCE OF FILLER PARTICLE SIZE ON THE CONDUCTIVITY AND PERMITTIVITY OF METAL-POLYMER COMPOSITES." «Узбекский физический журнал» 21, no. 4 (2019): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v21i4.109.
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The behaviour of conductivity σ and permittivity ε of metal-polymer composites comprising Ni particles dispersed in the phenilon are studied. It is found that the percolation-like behaviour of σ and ε, which is observed when the Ni particles have the sizes of 1−3 μm (micro-dispersed particles), gave way to another behaviour characterized by an additional contribution to σ and ε below the percolation threshold when the Ni particles have the sizes of ≤30 nm (nanoparticles). This peculiarity of the behaviour of σ and ε of the composites can be explained in the frame of the network hierarchy model of composites, which was proposed recently by Balberg et al.
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Hee Park, Chan, Shin Ho Ryu, Jung Dam Cha, and Gwang Ho Kim. "Vibration Fatigue Analysis of Interface Enclosure with Cantilever Structure for Charging Commercial Electric Vehicles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1222, no. 1 (2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1222/1/012007.
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Abstract The interface enclosure for charging commercial electric vehicle (CEV), which is an alternative to the fuel filler of internal combustion engine vehicle, was studied. It supplies the power and the communication signal for charging between the power supply (EVSE) and the battery. It should be long to match the exterior of the vehicle for easy charging, and it requires space between the vehicle frame and the enclosure to connect the charging cable. In order to design the interface enclosure with the cantilever structure which is vulnerable to vibration, analysis-based design through vibration fatigue analysis was conducted, and the reliability of analysis results was reviewed through experiments.
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Goncharov, R. B., and V. N. Zuzov. "Problems of finding the best solutions to ensure the passive safety of the cabins of trucks at a minimum weight." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 12, no. 4 (2018): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66869.
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This paper considered the main problems of finding the optimal parameters of a truck cabin based on parametric and topological optimization in order to meet the requirements for passive safety according to international rules and obtain its minimum mass. The article presents the developed rational finite element models (FEM) of the cabin and the pendulum for optimization problems, allowing to obtain results with acceptable accuracy and minimal solution time when using the LS-OPT and LS-TaSC programs with the LS-DYNA solver. Steel lining and foam aluminum filler are used as cabin reinforcement elements. To solve the problem and more fully assess the effect of the parameters, several options for cabin refinement were considered. Topological optimization was carried out with the aim of obtaining a picture of the best distribution of the filler along the cabin frame. Parametric optimization was carried out by selection of the properties of the filler (aluminum foam) and the thickness of the structural elements of the cabin. In addition to optimization, the sensitivity of the design to the variation of variable parameters was investigated in order to identify the degree of influence on the optimization result. Since the duration of the solution is very high (up to several days on available computers), an approach was developed based on the studies that were carried out, which at various stages reduced the number of variables and, thus, reduced the solution time. As a result, it was ensured that the requirements for passive safety were satisfied (these requirements were not met before optimization) with optimal mass distribution as a result of the combined use of linings and filler. The increase in cabin weight was 20%. The use of linings only allowed to meet the rules for passive safety, but gave an even greater increase in the weight of the cabin.
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Gilani, Amir S., Andrew S. Whittaker, and Gregory L. Fenves. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of 230-kV Porcelain Transformer Bushings." Earthquake Spectra 17, no. 4 (2001): 597–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1427316.
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Static and earthquake-simulator testing of two 230-kV, 3000A, Type-U transformer bushings manufactured in the mid 1980s by the General Electric (GE) Company was undertaken to evaluate both the seismic performance of bushings known to be vulnerable to damage from moderate earthquake shaking, and the efficacy of simple retrofit details. Both bushings survived earthquake shaking compatible with the IEEE spectrum for High Level qualification when mounted on a rigid frame. When mounted on a flexible frame, one 230-kV bushing was unable to sustain the High Level qualification shaking without oil leakage and slip of the porcelain units. Two retrofit details utilizing two semicircular ring plates and epoxy filler were prepared by utility representatives with the objective of limiting slip of the UPPER-1 porcelain unit over the gasket connection. The second detail, Ring-2, permitted the 230-kV bushing to sustain substantially larger accelerations and displacements than those of the unretrofitted bushing and eliminated the permanent slip of the UPPER-1 porcelain unit over the gasket connection for extreme earthquake shaking.
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Pawlik, Arkadiusz, and Stanislaw Frackowiak. "The vibroisolation effectiveness of fiber reinforced natural composites compared to the elastomer materials produced from non-renewable resources." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600059.
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In this work, a number of test were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the vibroisolation composite consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix (polylactid actid, PLA) and filler in the form of natural flax fibers, with a moisture content of 2.03% after drying in 80°C for 4 hours. To improve material dampening properties, PLA was plasticized with polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and triethyl citrate (TEC). The flax fiber content of the composite was: 10, 20, 30 wt.%. Mechanical properties at bending and tensile were performed. For measurement of vibroisolation effectiveness, composite samples have been made the enable installation in the measurement system. The measuring system consisted of an unbalanced axial electric motor, resting on a steel frame placed on vibroisolators. For comparison the commercial grade vibroisolators were used. In order to evaluate the vibration damping of the system by vibroisolators, vibration engine frame vibration was forced by acceleration of the engine’s rotational speed to specific frequencies. It has been proven that the type of the plasticizer used in the composite changes the vibroisolation parameter. Also length and weight%. of the fibres results in lower material damping values.