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1
Riis, Tenna, Mary Kelly-Quinn, Francisca C. Aguiar, et al. "Global Overview of Ecosystem Services Provided by Riparian Vegetation." BioScience 70, no. 6 (2020): 501–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa041.
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Abstract Fluvial riparian vegetation (RV) links fluvial and terrestrial ecosystems. It is under significant pressure from anthropogenic activities, and, therefore, the management and restoration of RV are increasingly important worldwide. RV has been investigated from different perspectives, so knowledge on its structure and function is widely distributed. An important step forward is to convert existing knowledge into an overview easily accessible—for example, for use in decision-making and management. We aim to provide an overview of ecosystem services provided by RV by adopting a structured approach to identify the ecosystem services, describe their characteristics, and rank the importance of each service. We evaluate each service within four main riparian vegetation types adopting a global perspective to derive a broad concept. Subsequently, we introduce a guided framework for use in RV management based on our structured approach. We also identify knowledge gaps and evaluate the opportunities an ecosystem service approach offers to RV management.
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Dawood, Faten A., Rahmita W. Rahmat, Suhaini B. Kadiman, Lili N. Abdullah, and Mohd D. Zamrin. "A Hybrid Method for Endocardial Contour Extraction of Right Ventricle in 4-Slices from 3D Echocardiography Dataset." Advances in Bioinformatics 2014 (October 12, 2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/207149.
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This paper presents a hybrid method to extract endocardial contour of the right ventricular (RV) in 4-slices from 3D echocardiography dataset. The overall framework comprises four processing phases. In Phase I, the region of interest (ROI) is identified by estimating the cavity boundary. Speckle noise reduction and contrast enhancement were implemented in Phase II as preprocessing tasks. In Phase III, the RV cavity region was segmented by generating intensity threshold which was used for once for all frames. Finally, Phase IV is proposed to extract the RV endocardial contour in a complete cardiac cycle using a combination of shape-based contour detection and improved radial search algorithm. The proposed method was applied to 16 datasets of 3D echocardiography encompassing the RV in long-axis view. The accuracy of experimental results obtained by the proposed method was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. It has been done by comparing the segmentation results of RV cavity based on endocardial contour extraction with the ground truth. The comparative analysis results show that the proposed method performs efficiently in all datasets with overall performance of 95% and the root mean square distances (RMSD) measure in terms of mean ± SD was found to be 2.21 ± 0.35 mm for RV endocardial contours.
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Maldonado, J., G. Micela, M. Baratella, et al. "HADES RV programme with HARPS-N at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (December 2020): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039478.
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Context. Most of our current knowledge on planet formation is still based on the analysis of main sequence, solar-type stars. Conversely, detailed chemical studies of large samples of M dwarfs hosting planets are still missing. Aims. Correlations exist between the presence of different types of planets around FGK stars and metallicity, individual chemical abundance, and stellar mass. We aim to test whether or not these correlations still hold for the less-massive M dwarf stars. Methods to determine stellar abundances of M dwarfs from high-resolution optical spectra in a consistent way are still missing. The present work is a first attempt to fill this gap. Methods. We analyse a large sample of M dwarfs with and without known planetary companions in a coherent and homogeneous way. We develop for the first time a methodology to determine stellar abundances of elements other than iron for M dwarf stars from high-resolution optical spectra. Our methodology is based on the use of a principal component analysis and sparse Bayesian methods. We made use of a set of M dwarfs orbiting around an FGK primary with known abundances to train our methods. We applied our methods to derive stellar metalliticies and abundances of a large sample of M dwarfs observed within the framework of current radial-velocity surveys. We then used a sample of nearby FGK stars to cross-validate our technique by comparing the derived abundance trends in the M dwarf sample with those found on the FGK stars. Results. The metallicity distribution of the different subsamples reveals a correlation between the metallicities of M dwarfs and their probability of hosting giant planets. We also find a correlation between this latter probability and stellar mass. M dwarfs hosting low-mass planets do not seem to follow the so-called planet–metallicity correlation. We also find that the frequency of low-mass planets does not depend on the mass of the stellar host. These results appear to be in agreement with those of previous works. However, we note that for giant-planet hosts our metallicities predict a weaker planet–host metallicity correlation but a stronger mass-dependency than corresponding values derived from photometric results. We show for the first time that there seems to be no differences between M dwarfs with and without known planets in terms of their abundance distributions of elements different from iron. Conclusions. Our data show that low-mass stars with planets follow the same metallicity, mass, and abundance trends as their FGK counterparts, which are usually explained within the framework of core-accretion models.
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Affer, L., M. Damasso, G. Micela, et al. "HADES RV program with HARPS-N at the TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 622 (February 2019): A193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834868.
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Aims. The HArps-n red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) is providing a major contribution to the widening of the current statistics of low-mass planets, through the in-depth analysis of precise radial-velocity (RV) measurements in a narrow range of spectral sub-types. Using the HARPS-N spectrograph we reach the precision needed to detect small planets with a few earth masses. Our survey is mainly focused on the M-dwarf population of the northern hemisphere. Methods. As part of that program, we obtained RV measurements of Gl 686, an M1 dwarf at d = 8.2 pc. These measurements show a dispersion much in excess of their internal errors. The analysis of data obtained within an intensive observing campaign demonstrates that the excess dispersion is due to a coherent signal with a period of 15.53 d. Almost simultaneous photometric observations were carried out within the APACHE and EXORAP programs to characterize the stellar activity and to distinguish periodic variations related to activity from signals due to the presence of planetary companions, complemented also with ASAS photometric data. We used a Bayesian framework to estimate the orbital parameters and the planet minimum mass, and to properly treat the activity noise. We took advantage of the available RV measurements for this target from other observing campaigns. The analysis of the RV composite time series from the HIRES, HARPS, and HARPS-N spectrographs, consisting of 198 measurements taken over 20 yr, enabled us to address the nature of periodic signals and also to characterize stellar physical parameters (mass, temperature, and rotation). Results. We report the discovery of a super-Earth orbiting at a distance of 0.092 AU from the host star Gl 686. The planet has a minimum mass of 7.1 ± 0.9 M⊕ and an orbital period of 15.532 ± 0.002 d. The analysis of the activity indexes, of the correlated noise through a Gaussian process framework, and of the photometry provides an estimate of the stellar rotation period at 37 d, and highlights the variability of the spot configuration during the long timespan covering 20 yr. The observed periodicities around 2000 d likely point to the existence of an activity cycle.
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Novacek, Jan, Alexander Viehl, Oliver Bringmann, and Wolfgang Rosenstiel. "Reasoning-Supported Robustness Validation of Automotive E/E Components." International Journal of Semantic Computing 11, no. 04 (2017): 473–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x17400190.
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This article presents an ontology-supported approach to tackle the complexity of the Robustness Validation (RV) process of automotive electrical/electronic (E/E) components. The approach uses formalized knowledge from the RV process and stress, operating, and load profiles, so-called Mission Profiles (MPs). In contrast to the error-prone industrially established manual procedure, we show how component characteristics are formalized in OWL in order to form the foundation of an efficient automated analysis selection and decision support during the RV process. Additionally, a rule-based transformation of component characteristics upon propagation via SWRL is described. The proposed approach is based on the idea of mapping MPs to an OWL representation in order to allow to execute semantic queries against MP data to improve their integration into the RV process. The resulting ontology-supported application framework has been applied to an industrial use-case from automotive power electronics. A generalization of the approach is described and demonstrated by applying it to stress test selection within the AEC Q100 standard. We present experimental results showing that the RV process can be significantly improved in terms of reduced design time and increased exhaustiveness by automating the analyses selection step and the provisioning of all the relevant data to be used.
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Sun, Tianqi, Guosheng Zhang, William Perrie, et al. "Ocean Wind Retrieval Models for RADARSAT Constellation Mission Compact Polarimetry SAR." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (2018): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121938.
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We propose two new ocean wind retrieval models for right circular-vertical (RV) and right circular-horizontal (RH) polarizations respectively from the compact-polarimetry (CP) mode of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM), which is scheduled to be launched in 2019. For compact RV-polarization (right circular transmit and vertical receive), we build the wind retrieval model (denoted CoVe-Pol model) by employing the geophysical model function (GMF) framework and a sensitivity analysis. For compact RH polarization (right circular transmit and horizontal receive), we build the wind retrieval model (denoted the CoHo-Pol model) by using a quadratic function to describe the relationship between wind speed and RH-polarized normalized radar cross-sections (NRCSs) along with radar incidence angles. The parameters of the two retrieval models are derived from a database including wind vectors measured by in situ National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys and simulated RV- and RH-polarized NRCSs and incidence angles. The RV- and RH-polarized NRCSs are generated by a RCM simulator using C-band RADARSAT-2 quad-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Our results show that the two new RCM CP models, CoVe-Pol and CoHo-POL, can provide efficient methodologies for wind retrieval.
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Bychkov, V., and V. Cherkashin. "Strategic framework for the development of the marine space exploration and targeting." National Security and Strategic Planning, no. 2 (August 15, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-2-30-37.
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The relevance of the task of improving the system of marine space reconnaissance and target guidance (ICRC), which involves conducting reconnaissance, processing target designation data and issuing them for the use of naval missile weapons (RV), is closely related to the effectiveness of the combat use (BP) of high-precision weapons (WCO) of sea-based (MB) and BRAV. The development of the system and the creation of new ICRC systems for ships of the Russian Navy are aimed primarily at ensuring the combat use of missile weapons (RO).
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Faria, J. P., V. Adibekyan, E. M. Amazo-Gómez, et al. "Decoding the radial velocity variations of HD 41248 with ESPRESSO." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936389.
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Context. Twenty-four years after the discoveries of the first exoplanets, the radial-velocity (RV) method is still one of the most productive techniques to detect and confirm exoplanets. But stellar magnetic activity can induce RV variations large enough to make it difficult to disentangle planet signals from the stellar noise. In this context, HD 41248 is an interesting planet-host candidate, with RV observations plagued by activity-induced signals. Aims. We report on ESPRESSO observations of HD 41248 and analyse them together with previous observations from HARPS with the goal of evaluating the presence of orbiting planets. Methods. Using different noise models within a general Bayesian framework designed for planet detection in RV data, we test the significance of the various signals present in the HD 41248 dataset. We use Gaussian processes as well as a first-order moving average component to try to correct for activity-induced signals. At the same time, we analyse photometry from the TESS mission, searching for transits and rotational modulation in the light curve. Results. The number of significantly detected Keplerian signals depends on the noise model employed, which can range from 0 with the Gaussian process model to 3 with a white noise model. We find that the Gaussian process alone can explain the RV data while allowing for the stellar rotation period and active region evolution timescale to be constrained. The rotation period estimated from the RVs agrees with the value determined from the TESS light curve. Conclusions. Based on the data that is currently available, we conclude that the RV variations of HD 41248 can be explained by stellar activity (using the Gaussian process model) in line with the evidence from activity indicators and the TESS photometry.
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Rogers, Leslie A. "Combining Transit and Radial Velocity Data." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29A (2015): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316002866.
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AbstractThe Kepler Mission, combined with ground based radial velocity (RV) follow-up, has revolutionized the observational constraints on sub-Neptune-size planet compositions. Kepler's unprecedentedly large and homogeneous samples of planets with both mass and radius constraints open the possibility of statistical studies of the underlying planet composition distribution. This presentation describes the application of hierarchical Bayesian models to constrain the underlying planet composition distribution from a sample of noisy mass-radius measurements. This approach represents a promising avenue toward a quantitative measurement of the amount of physical scatter in small planet compositions, the identification of planet sub-populations that may be tied to distinct formation pathways, and empirical constraints on the dominant compositional trends in the planet sample. Both the transit and radial velocity techniques are subject to selection effects, and approaches to mitigate the resulting biases will be addressed. In addition to distilling composition-distribution insights from the current sample of Kepler planets with RV masses, this framework may be used to optimize the target selection for future transiting planet RV follow-up surveys.
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Hajializadeh, Donya, and Maryam Imani. "RV-DSS: Towards a resilience and vulnerability- informed decision support system framework for interdependent infrastructure systems." Computers & Industrial Engineering 156 (June 2021): 107276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2021.107276.
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Jackson Chornenki, Nicholas L., Khashayar Poorzargar, Maaz Shanjer, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Mark Crowther, and Deborah M. Siegal. "Detection of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Acute Pulmonary Embolism By CT Scan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (2020): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138464.
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Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with higher mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). While precise definitions of RV dysfunction vary, up to 40% of patients with acute PE have evidence of RV dysfunction on echocardiography. The incremental utility of echocardiography for identifying RV dysfunction in acute PE is uncertain particularly when evidence of RV dysfunction is present on computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram. However, the diagnostic utility of CT for detecting RV dysfunction is not well established; if CT is shown to have good diagnostic utility, it may reduce the need for routine urgent echocardiography and associated healthcare costs and resource use. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic utility of CT scan findings for detecting RV dysfunction compared to echocardiography. Methods: Using a pre-specified protocol (Prospero ID: CRD42020187812) we systematically searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to April 2020. Studies of any design were included so long as they (i) included patients with acute PE diagnosed by CT scan and received an echocardiographic study within a reasonable timeframe and (ii) reported on test characteristics such that a 2x2 table could be constructed to compare the two diagnostic modalities with echocardiography considered the reference standard. Results were analyzed with the bivariate mixed-effects regression framework. Study quality was assessed with the QUADAS-2 risk of bias tool. Results: A total of 631 unique studies were identified by the search. After screening titles and abstracts and reviewing full texts in duplicate, 26 studies (n=3,404 patients) were eligible for inclusion. In individual studies, the average age (mean or median) of patients ranged from 41 to 70 years and 20% to 64.3% were female. The prevalence of RV dysfunction on echocardiography ranged studies from 22.6% to 85.7% and was 63.7% overall. The most common measurements on CT scan were increased RV/LV ratio (21 studies), pulmonary artery measurements (6 studies), RV dilatation or increased size (5 studies), measurements of vena cava size (3 studies), and coronary sinus size (2 studies). Other parameters included reflux of contrast into the inferior vena cava (IVC reflux, 4 studies) and interventricular septal deviation (5 studies). Different combinations of measurements were evaluated in 5 studies. Pooled analysis was performed for septal deviation, IVC reflux, and RV/LV ratio. In pooled analysis septal deviation had a sensitivity of 0.31 (95% CI=0.25- 0.38; I2= 51.6%) and a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI=0.90 - 1.00; I2= 46.9%). IVC reflux had a sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.40 - 0.93; I2=95.9%) and specificity 0.75 (95% CI=0.47 - 0.93; I2= 91.1%). Where multiple RV/LV ratios were reported, we utilized the one with the highest sensitivity. The pooled sensitivity of increased RV/LV ratio was 0.83 (95% CI=0.78 - 0.87; I2= 82.9) while the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI=0.66- 0.82; I2= 94.6) (Figure 1). Considering all RV/LV ratio studies, the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 (0.83-0.89) for identifying the presence of RV dysfunction present on echocardiography. Overall, most studies were considered at high risk of bias. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that sensitivity was significantly affected by the risk of bias for RV/LV ratio for all QUADAS-2 domains. Specificity was not affected by the risk of bias for any of the QUADAS-2 domains. Conclusions: Our results suggest CT imaging findings appear to have moderate to good diagnostic utility for detecting the presence of RV dysfunction in acute PE. With the exception of septal deviation there was significant heterogeneity amount included studies. Overall, increased RV/LV ratio had the best test characteristics (sensitivity 0.83, specificity 0.75 and AUC 0.86). However, the veracity of these findings is limited by the high risk of bias among included studies. Further analyses regarding the diagnostic utility of combinations of multiple CT findings are warranted. Figure 1 Disclosures Crowther: Pfizer: Speakers Bureau; Alnylam: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months; CSL Behring: Speakers Bureau; Servier Canada: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Diagnostica Stago: Speakers Bureau; Asahi Kasei: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Precision Biologicals: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Hemostais Reference Laboratories: Honoraria. Siegal:BMS Pfizer: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Leo Pharma: Honoraria; Portola: Honoraria.
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Gillet, D. "Balmer Emission Profiles in Radially Pulsating Stars: The Case of the Double Hα Emission". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 132 (1988): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900034938.
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We present new high resolution profiles of Ha emissions in radially pulsating stars (RR Lyrae, W Virginis, RV Tauri, Mira stars and Classical Cepheids). Depending on phase, these profiles can show an apparent absorption within the emission close to the Hα laboratory wavelength. The origin of this feature is discussed in the framework : (a) of a composite of a single emission and a deep photospheric absorption (RR Lyrae, W Virginis and RV Tauri stars); (b) of a true absorption caused by cool hydrogen above the shock wave producing the emission; (c) of a geometric model in which the absorption is a lack of emission. Recent observations (Hα profiles of Mira stars S Car and T Cen), which show that the absorption dip is below the continuum level, are in favour of the true absorption model.
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Finsberg, Henrik, Ce Xi, Xiaodan Zhao, et al. "Computational quantification of patient-specific changes in ventricular dynamics associated with pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 317, no. 6 (2019): H1363—H1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00094.2019.
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) causes an increase in the mechanical loading imposed on the right ventricle (RV) that results in progressive changes to its mechanics and function. Here, we quantify the mechanical changes associated with PAH by assimilating clinical data consisting of reconstructed three-dimensional geometry, pressure, and volume waveforms, as well as regional strains measured in patients with PAH ( n = 12) and controls ( n = 6) within a computational modeling framework of the ventricles. Modeling parameters reflecting regional passive stiffness and load-independent contractility as indexed by the tissue active tension were optimized so that simulation results matched the measurements. The optimized parameters were compared with clinical metrics to find usable indicators associated with the underlying mechanical changes. Peak contractility of the RV free wall (RVFW) γRVFW,max was found to be strongly correlated and had an inverse relationship with the RV and left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume ratio (i.e., RVEDV/LVEDV) (RVEDV/LVEDV)+ 0.44, R2 = 0.77). Correlation with RV ejection fraction ( R2 = 0.50) and end-diastolic volume index ( R2 = 0.40) were comparatively weaker. Patients with with RVEDV/LVEDV > 1.5 had 25% lower γRVFW,max ( P < 0.05) than that of the control. On average, RVFW passive stiffness progressively increased with the degree of remodeling as indexed by RVEDV/LVEDV. These results suggest a mechanical basis of using RVEDV/LVEDV as a clinical index for delineating disease severity and estimating RVFW contractility in patients with PAH. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article presents patient-specific data assimilation of a patient cohort and physical description of clinical observations.
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Perger, M., I. Ribas, G. Anglada-Escudé, et al. "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs." Astronomy & Astrophysics 649 (May 2021): L12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140786.
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Context. The interaction between Earth-like exoplanets and the magnetic field of low-mass host stars are considered to produce weak emission signals at radio frequencies. A study using LOFAR data announced the detection of radio emission from the mid M-type dwarf GJ 1151 that could potentially arise from a close-in terrestrial planet. Recently, the presence of a 2.5-M⊕ planet orbiting GJ 1151 with a 2-day period has been claimed using 69 radial velocities (RVs) from the HARPS-N and HPF instruments. Aims. We have obtained 70 new high-precision RV measurements in the framework of the CARMENES M-dwarf survey and use these data to confirm the presence of the claimed planet and to place limits on possible planetary companions in the GJ 1151 system. Methods. We analysed the periodicities present in the combined RV data sets from all three instruments and calculated the detection limits for potential planets in short-period orbits. Results. We cannot confirm the recently announced candidate planet and conclude that the 2-day signal in the HARPS-N and HPF data sets is most probably produced by a long-term RV variability, possibly arising from an outer planetary companion that has yet to be constrained. We calculate a 99.9% significance detection limit of 1.50 m s−1 in the RV semi-amplitude, which places upper limits of 0.7 M⊕ and 1.2 M⊕ on the minimum masses of potential exoplanets with orbital periods of 1 and 5 days, respectively.
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Kakino, Takamori, Keita Saku, Takafumi Sakamoto, et al. "Prediction of hemodynamics under left ventricular assist device." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 312, no. 1 (2017): H80—H88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00617.2016.
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Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) saves lives in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) failure. However, predicting how much LVAD boosts total cardiac output (CO) remains difficult. This study aimed to develop a framework to quantitatively predict the impact of LVAD on hemodynamics. We adopted the circulatory equilibrium framework and incorporated LVAD into the integrated CO curve to derive the circulatory equilibrium. In anesthetized dogs, we ligated left coronary arteries to create LV failure and inserted a centrifugal pump as LVAD. Using CO and right (PRA) and left atrial pressure (PLA) measured before LVAD support, we predetermined the stressed volume (V) and logarithmic slope of right heart CO curve (SR). Next, we initiated LVAD at maximum level and then decreased LVAD flow stepwise while monitoring hemodynamic changes. We predicted LVAD-induced CO and PRA for given PLA from the predetermined SR and V and compared with those measured experimentally. The predicted CO [ r2 = 0.907, SE of estimate (SEE) = 5.59 ml·min−1·kg−1, P < 0.001] and PRA ( r2 = 0.967, SEE = 0.307 mmHg, P < 0.001) matched well with measured values indicating the validity of the proposed framework. We further conducted simulation using the validated framework to analyze the impact of LVAD on PRA under various right ventricular (RV) functions. It indicated that PRA is relatively insensitive to changes in RV end-systolic elastance or pulmonary arterial resistance, but sensitive to changes in V. In conclusion, the circulatory equilibrium framework predicts quantitatively the hemodynamic impact of LVAD. This knowledge would contribute to safe management of patients with LV failure undergoing LVAD implantation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hemodynamic response to left ventricular assist device (LVAD) has not been quantitatively investigated. This is the first report of quantitative prediction of the hemodynamics on LVAD using circulatory equilibrium framework. The validated framework allows us to simulate the impact of LVAD on right atrial pressure under various right ventricular functions.
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van Osta, Nick, Aurore Lyon, Feddo Kirkels, et al. "Parameter subset reduction for patient-specific modelling of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-related mutation carriers in the CircAdapt model." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2173 (2020): 20190347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0347.
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Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited cardiac disease, clinically characterized by life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and progressive cardiac dysfunction. Patient-specific computational models could help understand the disease progression and may help in clinical decision-making. We propose an inverse modelling approach using the CircAdapt model to estimate patient-specific regional abnormalities in tissue properties in AC subjects. However, the number of parameters ( n = 110) and their complex interactions make personalized parameter estimation challenging. The goal of this study is to develop a framework for parameter reduction and estimation combining Morris screening, quasi-Monte Carlo (qMC) simulations and particle swarm optimization (PSO). This framework identifies the best subset of tissue properties based on clinical measurements allowing patient-specific identification of right ventricular tissue abnormalities. We applied this framework on 15 AC genotype-positive subjects with varying degrees of myocardial disease. Cohort studies have shown that atypical regional right ventricular (RV) deformation patterns reveal an early-stage AC disease. The CircAdapt model of cardiovascular mechanics and haemodynamics has already demonstrated its ability to capture typical deformation patterns of AC subjects. We, therefore, use clinically measured cardiac deformation patterns to estimate model parameters describing myocardial disease substrates underlying these AC-related RV deformation abnormalities. Morris screening reduced the subset to 48 parameters. qMC and PSO further reduced the subset to a final selection of 16 parameters, including regional tissue contractility, passive stiffness, activation delay and wall reference area. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Uncertainty quantification in cardiac and cardiovascular modelling and simulation’.
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John, Vijay, and Seiichi Mita. "Deep Feature-Level Sensor Fusion Using Skip Connections for Real-Time Object Detection in Autonomous Driving." Electronics 10, no. 4 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040424.
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Object detection is an important perception task in autonomous driving and advanced driver assistance systems. The visible camera is widely used for perception, but its performance is limited by illumination and environmental variations. For robust vision-based perception, we propose a deep learning framework for effective sensor fusion of the visible camera with complementary sensors. A feature-level sensor fusion technique, using skip connection, is proposed for the sensor fusion of the visible camera with the millimeter-wave radar and the thermal camera. The two networks are called the RV-Net and the TV-Net, respectively. These networks have two input branches and one output branch. The input branches contain separate branches for the individual sensor feature extraction, which are then fused in the output perception branch using skip connections. The RVNet and the TVNet simultaneously perform sensor-specific feature extraction, feature-level fusion and object detection within an end-to-end framework. The proposed networks are validated with baseline algorithms on public datasets. The results obtained show that the feature-level sensor fusion is better than baseline early and late fusion frameworks.
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Brown, Lawrence G. "Analyzing Positive Finds with Explicit Uncertainty." Plant Health Progress 4, no. 1 (2003): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2003-1113-04-rv.
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Regulatory realities, culture, and politics impinge on scientifically based policy recommendations. An appreciation of the regulatory framework that creates policy recommendations helps in understanding why it is important to state the confidence intervals, i.e., to state explicitly the uncertainty of each recommendation. Part of the proceedings of “Managing Risk to Minimize Crop Loss,” a symposium organized by the Plant Disease Losses and Regulatory Committees of APS. Accepted for publication 11 April 2003. Published 13 November 2003.
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Wagner, Eric G. "Algebraic Theories, Data Types, and Control Constructs." Fundamenta Informaticae 9, no. 3 (1986): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1986-9305.
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The aim of this paper is to model recursive types, equational types, and elementary programming control constructs (such as conditionals and while-do) in one, comparatively simple, algebraic framework, that can be used for theoretical studies and as a basis for data type and program specification. To this end we introduce a new kind of algebraic theory, the RV-theory. We give simple examples of the use of such theories for data type specification. We provide a mathematical semantics for these specifications that extends the initial algebra semantics for equational specification to include recursive types.
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Isard, Scott A., Joseph M. Russo, and Erick D. DeWolf. "The Establishment of a National Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education." Plant Health Progress 7, no. 1 (2006): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2006-0915-01-rv.
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Many millions of US soybean acres that would have received at least one fungicide application remained untreated for soybean rust in 2005 due to information disseminated through the US Department of Agriculture Soybean Rust Information System website. The information provided by the system increased US producers' profits by between $11 and $299 million at a low cost of between $2.6 and $5 million (8). This savings and the positive environmental implications of not spraying millions of acres with fungicides demonstrates the value of a coordinated national pest management framework and stimulated the development of the 2006 Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education. Accepted for publication 26 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.
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Ong, Edison, Michael F. Cooke, Anthony Huffman, et al. "Vaxign2: the second generation of the first Web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology and machine learning." Nucleic Acids Research 49, W1 (2021): W671—W678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab279.
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Abstract Vaccination is one of the most significant inventions in medicine. Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a state-of-the-art technique to predict vaccine candidates from pathogen's genome(s). To promote vaccine development, we updated Vaxign2, the first web-based vaccine design program using reverse vaccinology with machine learning. Vaxign2 is a comprehensive web server for rational vaccine design, consisting of predictive and computational workflow components. The predictive part includes the original Vaxign filtering-based method and a new machine learning-based method, Vaxign-ML. The benchmarking results using a validation dataset showed that Vaxign-ML had superior prediction performance compared to other RV tools. Besides the prediction component, Vaxign2 implemented various post-prediction analyses to significantly enhance users’ capability to refine the prediction results based on different vaccine design rationales and considerably reduce user time to analyze the Vaxign/Vaxign-ML prediction results. Users provide proteome sequences as input data, select candidates based on Vaxign outputs and Vaxign-ML scores, and perform post-prediction analysis. Vaxign2 also includes precomputed results from approximately 1 million proteins in 398 proteomes of 36 pathogens. As a demonstration, Vaxign2 was used to effectively analyse SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus causing COVID-19. The comprehensive framework of Vaxign2 can support better and more rational vaccine design. Vaxign2 is publicly accessible at http://www.violinet.org/vaxign2.
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Cardwell, Kitty, Geoffrey Dennis, Andrew R. Flannery, et al. "Principles of Diagnostic Assay Validation for Plant Pathogens: A Basic Review of Concepts." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 4 (2018): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-06-18-0036-rv.
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Diagnostic test results are used for many purposes and are heavily relied upon to prevent movement of pathogens from one country or region to another; to clear plants as free from disease for commerce; and to surveil against natural, accidental, or unintentional pathogen introductions and new and reemerging diseases. Diagnostic test results are also used by plant producers to make critical management decisions. The level of confidence in each assay is defined by a set of metrics that describe the performance of the assay under defined conditions. Collectively, these metrics are called “validation” of the assay. There are hundreds of diagnostic plant disease assays used every day in the United States that either are not validated or are validated in an ad hoc way. An endemic pathogen in one region can be an exotic pathogen in another. Therefore, this multitude of diagnostic assays for which performance criteria are not standardized impairs communication about confidence in the test outcome. We propose to create a framework for standardizing assay validation language and definitions within the United States across existing plant diagnostic networks. The long-term goal is to have operable standards, understanding the “trueness” of assay results, and sustained communications between diagnostic laboratories that use and those that develop plant disease diagnostic assays.
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Quintero, Felipe, Witold F. Krajewski, Ricardo Mantilla, Scott Small, and Bong-Chul Seo. "A Spatial–Dynamical Framework for Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Products for Flood Prediction." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 8 (2016): 2137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0195.1.
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Abstract Rainfall maps that are derived from satellite observations provide hydrologists with an unprecedented opportunity to forecast floods globally. However, the limitations of using these precipitation estimates with respect to producing reliable flood forecasts at multiple scales are not well understood. To address the scientific and practical question of applicability of space-based rainfall products for global flood forecasting, a data evaluation framework is developed that allows tracking the rainfall effects in space and time across scales in the river network. This provides insights on the effects of rainfall product resolution and uncertainty. Obtaining such insights is not possible when the hydrologic evaluation is based on discharge observations from single gauges. The proposed framework also explores the ability of hydrologic model structure to answer questions pertaining to the utility of space-based rainfall observations for flood forecasting. To illustrate the framework, hydrometeorological data collected during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) campaign in Iowa are used to perform a hydrologic simulation using two different rainfall–runoff model structures and three rainfall products, two of which are radar based [stage IV and Iowa Flood Center (IFC)] and one satellite based [TMPA–Research Version (RV)]. This allows for exploring the differences in rainfall estimates at several spatial and temporal scales and provides improved understanding of how these differences affect flood predictions at multiple basin scales. The framework allows for exploring the differences in peak flow estimation due to nonlinearities in the hydrologic model structure and determining how these differences behave with an increase in the upstream area through the drainage network. The framework provides an alternative evaluation of precipitation estimates, based on the diagnostics of hydrological model results.
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van Soest, Rob W. M. "Sponge-collecting from a drifting ice floe: the Porifera obtained in the Kara Sea by the Dutch Polar Expedition 1882-83." Contributions to Zoology 85, no. 3 (2016): 311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08503004.
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Sponges from the Kara Sea (Arctic Russia) collected by the Dutch Polar Expedition 1882-83 are identified and discussed. The expedition experienced an unfortunate course of events, as the research vessel RV ’Varna’ was ice-bound and eventually got crushed by ice, leaving the crew and the scientists stranded on an ice floe drifting around in the Kara Sea. The scientists still managed to do many observations and made collections of bottom animals lowering collecting gear through a hole in the ice. After being enclosed for more than a year in the ice, the men travelled in small boats and sledges to the mainland of Russia and from there returned home. The zoological collections were brought to Copenhagen by the Danish research vessel RV ‘Dijmphna’, from where the material was picked up by the Dutch scientists. Most animal groups were subsequently discussed in a series of papers published in the Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde volume 14 (1887). The sponges of the Dutch Polar Expedition were in a rather bad condition when they arrived in Amsterdam and possibly for that reason were largely ignored. They nevertheless appear to be interesting and are here presented as a belated contribution to the 1887 issue, including the description of a species new to science, Lycopodina ruijsi sp. nov. The results are discussed in the framework of our present knowledge of the sponge fauna of the Kara Sea. In Appendix ten already known species are briefly described and SEM images of their spicules provided as a contribution to Kara Sea sponge morphology,
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Barros, Marlise Silva, Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade Silva, Eliane Ramos Pereira, and Marcos Andrade Silva. "The Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by Nurses: an Approach from the Philosophy of Max Scheler." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 4 (2009): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.581-3802-1-rv.0304200960.
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Objective: this study intends reflect philosophically about the ethical dilemmas experienced by nurses from the Intensive Care Center at University Hospital Antonio Pedro, from the Theory of Value of Max Scheler. Methods: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The population shall be defined by the technique of saturation, consisting of nurses of the sector, to be interviewed after the signing of the Free Informed Consent forms, if they wish participate spontaneously in the study. The information will be transcribed, categorized in order of significance and analyzed from the theoretical framework of Max Scheler who looks on the objectivity of values and the process of seizure of emotional character. The project has received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine / University Hospital Antonio Pedro. Expected results: through the analysis of data, based on theoretical referential, the study intends to contribute to the decision making process of nurses, in front of the possible ethical dilemmas experienced with regard to practical work and, moreover, with the quality of care provided by nurses in the Intensive Care Center. Descriptors: ethics; bioethics; philosophy nursing; intensive care units.
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Bourguignon, Sébastien, Laurent Berger, Carla Scalabrin, Ronan Fablet, and Valérie Mazauric. "Methodological developments for improved bottom detection with the ME70 multibeam echosounder." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 6 (2009): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp089.
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Abstract Bourguignon, S., Berger, L., Scalabrin, C., Fablet, R., and Mazauric, V. 2009. Methodological developments for improved bottom detection with the ME70 multibeam echosounder. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1015–1022. Multibeam echosounders and sonars are increasingly used in fisheries acoustics for abundance estimation. Because of reduced side-lobe levels in the beam-array pattern, the new Simrad ME70 multibeam echosounder installed on board Ifremer’s RV “Thalassa” has been designed to allow improved detection of fish close to the seabed. To achieve this objective, precise and unambiguous detection of the water-bottom interface is required, which raises the issue of bottom detection, especially in the outer beams. The bottom-detection method implemented in the ME70 is based on the amplitude of the reverberated echo. Such an approach is efficient for vertical beams, but less accurate for beams with higher incidence angles, typically 30°–40° for the beam configurations used on RV “Thalassa”, where the incidence angle, the beam opening, and the nature of the seabed contribute to weakening the backscattered signal. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold. First, we proposed to improve the current bottom-detection method based on the amplitude of the echo. Thanks to the split-beam configuration being available for all beams of the ME70, we also proposed to use the phase information in the backscattered signals of the outer beams, as is more commonly done with multibeam systems dedicated to seabed mapping. Then, we set a Bayesian estimation framework that takes into account the spatial continuity between adjacent echoes, giving more robustness to the bottom estimation itself. Results using data collected at sea for various bottom types are presented here.
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Maia, Evanira Rodrigues, Séfora Batista Almeida, Wéllida Rocha Oliveira, and Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca. "Assistência à pessoa com deficiência: competências do agente comunitário de saúde." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 4 (2009): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.581-3802-1-rv.0304200919.
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Objective: to discuss concepts on disability, facilities and difficulties and report on the learning needs of Community Health Agents (CHA) to work with disabled persons in basic care. Methods: this is an exploratory and descriptive research, carried out in Crato-CE, from March to May 2008. Knowledge, previous skills and learning needs were collected from 76 out of 111 CHA who participated in an awareness seminar, using a questionnaire-type registration card. Data were submitted to the content analysis technique. The project was approved by the COMEPE-UFC (245/07). Results: ninety-two percent of the CHA who concluded steps I and II of the Technical Course for Community Health Agents indicate the need for competency development to work with disabled people and their families, related to the concepts of disability, social inclusion, health-disease process, biomedical contents, health promotion and problem monitoring actions. Conclusion: adequate care delivery to disabled people demands that health professionals develop competencies for this purpose. Community Health Agents’ position turns them into essential actors of these actions in Basic Care. There is an urgent need to develop the competencies established in the curriculum framework of the Technical Course for Community Health Agents, applied to the theme. Descriptors: disabled persons; family practice; professional competence.
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Lèbre, Agnès, Michel Aurière, Nicolas Fabas, et al. "Full Stokes IQUV spectropolarimetry of AGB and post-AGB stars: probing surface magnetism and atmospheric dynamics." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S305 (2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315004500.
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AbstractFull Stokes spectropolarimetric observations of a Mira star (χ Cyg) and a RV Tauri star (R Sct) are presented and analyzed comparatively. From their Stokes V data (circular polarization), we report the detection of a weak magnetic field at the surface of these cool and evolved radially pulsating stars. For both stars, we analyse this detection in the framework of their complex atmospheric dynamics, with the possibility that shock waves may imprint an efficient compressive effect on the surface magnetic field. We also report strong Stokes U and Stokes Q signatures associated to metallic lines (as a global trend), those linear polarimetric features appear to be time variable along the pulsating phase. More surprising, in the Stokes U and Stokes Q data, we also detect signatures associated to individual metallic lines (such as Sr i 460.7 nm, Na D2588.9 nm), that are known (from the solar case) to be easily polarizable in case of a global asymmetry at the photospheric level.
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Kędra, Monika, Sławomira Gromisz, Radomir Jaskuła, et al. "Soft bottom macrofauna of an All Taxa Biodiversity Site: Hornsund (77○N, Svalbard)." Polish Polar Research 31, no. 4 (2010): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10183-010-0008-y.
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Soft bottom macrofauna of an All Taxa Biodiversity Site: Hornsund (77○N, Svalbard) Hornsund, an Arctic fjord in the west coast of Spitsbergen (Svalbard), was selected as All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) site under EU 5th Framework Concerted Action BIOMARE (2000-2002), especially due to its pristine, undisturbed natural character. On the base of large material (89 stations located throughout the fjord and 129 Van Veen grab samples) collected during cruises of RV Oceania in July in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007 and literature search a comprehensive list of species recorded within Hornsund area, on the soft bottom with depth range of 30-250 m is provided. Over 220 species were identified including 93 species of Polychaeta, 62 species of Mollusca and 58 species of Crustacea. Species list is supported by information on the zoogeographical status, body length and biological traits of dominant species. Need for further research on Hornsund soft bottom fauna with more sampling effort is highlighted.
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Benatti, S., M. Damasso, S. Desidera, et al. "The GAPS programme at TNG." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037939.
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Context. Observations of exoplanetary systems demonstrate that a wide variety of planetary architectures are possible. Determining the rate of occurrence of Solar System analogues – with inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants – remains an open question. Aims. Within the framework of the Global Architecture of Planetary Systems (GAPS) project, we collected more than 300 spectra with HARPS-N at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo for the bright G9V star HD 164922. This target is known to host one gas giant planet in a wide orbit (Pb ~1200 days, semi-major axis ~ 2 au) and a Neptune-mass planet with a period of Pc ~76 days. We aimed to investigate the presence of additional low-mass companions in the inner region of the system. Methods. We compared the radial velocities (RV) and the activity indices derived from the HARPS-N time series to measure the rotation period of the star and used a Gaussian process regression to describe the behaviour of the stellar activity. We then combined a model of planetary and stellar activity signals in an RV time series composed of almost 700 high-precision RVs, both from HARPS-N and literature data. We performed a dynamical analysis to evaluate the stability of the system and the allowed regions for additional potential companions. We performed experiments on the injection and recovery of additional planetary signals to gauge the sensitivity thresholds in minimum mass and orbital separation imposed by our data. Results. Thanks to the high sensitivity of the HARPS-N dataset, we detected an additional inner super-Earth with an RV semi-amplitude of 1.3 ± 0.2 m s−1 and a minimum mass of md sin i = 4 ± 1 M⊕. It orbits HD 164922 with a period of 12.458 ± 0.003 days. We disentangled the planetary signal from activity and measured a stellar rotation period of ~ 42 days. The dynamical analysis shows the long-term stability of the orbits of the three-planet system and allows us to identify the permitted regions for additional planets in the semi-major axis ranges 0.18–0.21 au and 0.6–1.4 au. The latter partially includes the habitable zone of the system. We did not detect any planet in these regions, down to minimum detectable masses of 5 and 18 M⊕, respectively. A larger region of allowed planets is expected beyond the orbit of planet b, where our sampling rules out bodies with minimum mass >50 M⊕. The planetary orbital parameters and the location of the snow line suggest that this system has been shaped by a gas disk migration process that halted after its dissipation.
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Staitieh, Bashar S., and Octavian C. Ioachimescu. "Interpretation of pulmonary function tests: beyond the basics." Journal of Investigative Medicine 65, no. 2 (2016): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000242.
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Although the general framework described in the joint American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guidelines provides a useful and practical method for the interpretation of pulmonary function tests, several other measurements and functional indices, if understood correctly, may help in diagnosis and management of patients with respiratory diseases and in design of research protocols. This review provides information on the underlying physiology, interpretative caveats, and the evidence supporting the use of a number of these indices. Some of these measurements, such as the inspiratory fraction, inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity (IC/TLC), may offer additional prognostic information, while others, such as residual volume (RV)/TLC and forced expiratory volume in 3 s/forced vital capacity (FEV3/FVC), may help fill in the gaps between patient symptoms and more traditional indices of pulmonary function. Although most studies of non-traditional indices focus on airflow-limiting disorders, many can be fruitfully applied in other settings. Understanding the physiology that catalyzed these investigations will undoubtedly enrich the functional assessment armamentarium of the practicing clinician and researcher.
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Blanchet, Jose H., and Karl Sigman. "On exact sampling of stochastic perpetuities." Journal of Applied Probability 48, A (2011): 165–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1318940463.
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A stochastic perpetuity takes the form D∞=∑n=0∞ exp(Y1+⋯+Yn)Bn, where Yn:n≥0) and (Bn:n≥0) are two independent sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables (RVs). This is an expression for the stationary distribution of the Markov chain defined recursively by Dn+1=AnDn+Bn, n≥0, where An=eYn; D∞ then satisfies the stochastic fixed-point equation D∞D̳AD∞+B, where A and B are independent copies of the An and Bn (and independent of D∞ on the right-hand side). In our framework, the quantity Bn, which represents a random reward at time n, is assumed to be positive, unbounded with EBnp <∞ for some p>0, and have a suitably regular continuous positive density. The quantity Yn is assumed to be light tailed and represents a discount rate from time n to n-1. The RV D∞ then represents the net present value, in a stochastic economic environment, of an infinite stream of stochastic rewards. We provide an exact simulation algorithm for generating samples of D∞. Our method is a variation of dominated coupling from the past and it involves constructing a sequence of dominating processes.
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Stock, S., J. Kemmer, S. Reffert, et al. "The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs." Astronomy & Astrophysics 636 (April 2020): A119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936732.
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Context. The nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti consists of at least three planets, and a fourth tentative signal. The orbital period of each planet is the subject of discussion in the literature due to strong aliasing in the radial velocity data. The stellar activity of this M dwarf also hampers significantly the derivation of the planetary parameters. Aims. With an additional 229 radial velocity measurements obtained since the discovery publication, we reanalyze the YZ Ceti system and resolve the alias issues. Methods. We use model comparison in the framework of Bayesian statistics and periodogram simulations based on a method by Dawson and Fabrycky to resolve the aliases. We discuss additional signals in the RV data, and derive the planetary parameters by simultaneously modeling the stellar activity with a Gaussian process regression model. To constrain the planetary parameters further we apply a stability analysis on our ensemble of Keplerian fits. Results. We find no evidence for a fourth possible companion. We resolve the aliases: the three planets orbit the star with periods of 2.02 d, 3.06 d, and 4.66 d. We also investigate an effect of the stellar rotational signal on the derivation of the planetary parameters, in particular the eccentricity of the innermost planet. Using photometry we determine the stellar rotational period to be close to 68 d and we also detect this signal in the residuals of a three-planet fit to the RV data and the spectral activity indicators. From our stability analysis we derive a lower limit on the inclination of the system with the assumption of coplanar orbits which is imin = 0.9 deg. From the absence of a transit event with TESS, we derive an upper limit of the inclination of imax = 87.43 deg. Conclusions. YZ Ceti is a prime example of a system where strong aliasing hindered the determination of the orbital periods of exoplanets. Additionally, stellar activity influences the derivation of planetary parameters and modeling them correctly is important for the reliable estimation of the orbital parameters in this specific compact system. Stability considerations then allow additional constraints to be placed on the planetary parameters.
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Can, Cem. "A Learner Corpus-Based Study on Verb Errors of Turkish EFL Learners." Journal of Education and Training Studies 5, no. 9 (2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i9.2612.
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As learner corpora have presently become readily accessible, it is practicable to examine interlanguage errors and carry out error analysis (EA) on learner-generated texts. The data available in a learner corpus enable researchers to investigate authentic learner errors and their respective frequencies in terms of types and tokens as well as contexts in which they regularly occur. The need to consider these authentic learner errors in the design of useful language learning programs and remedial teaching materials has been widely emphasized by many researchers (see e.g., Juozulynas, 1994; Mitton, 1996; Cowan, Choi, & Kim, 2003; Ndiaye & Vandeventer Faltin, 2003; Allerton et al., 2004). This study aims at analyzing inflectional, derivational and word form errors for verbs produced by Turkish EFL learners across six distinct proficiency levels, A1-A2; B1-B2; C1-C2, as defined by Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (henceforth CEFR) (Council of Europe, 2001). The corpus used in this study is the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC), the largest annotated test performance corpora which enables the investigation of the linguistic and rhetorical features of the learner performances in the above stated proficiency bands. The findings from this study seem to indicate that, across different proficiency levels and across different registers and genres, the most common verb error categories are incorrect tense of verb (TV), wrong verb choice (RV), wrong verb form (FV), missing verb (MV), and verb agreement (AGV) errors. This study’s approach uses the techniques of computer corpus linguistics and has its roots in the Error Analysis framework as proposed by Corder (1971): identification, description, classification and explanation of errors.
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Hammerschmidt, Karina Silveira de Almeida. "Peculiaridades do cuidado gerontológico de enfermagem: revisão sistemática de literatura." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 4 (2009): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.581-3802-1-rv.0304200937.
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ABSTRACTObjective: to identify characteristics of literature in gerontological nursing care. Method: it is a review of literature. The selection of the material was made from items in the database literature of Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences; Database in Nursing; Database of International Literature in Health Sciences and in the library collection of Federal University of Parana. Results: we analyzed twenty-seven works during the months from May to August 2006. Believing as necessary to care gerontology, a pluralistic vision, integrated and be involved with the elderly, the reference framework of this study was the model for the practice of gerontological nursing. Conclusion: the literature has made an attestation that the highest concentration of publishing on the theme occurred in mid-2000. Nursing care importance in gerontology and specifically the dispute, because of increase in elderly population in Brazil and abroad, requiring professional knowledge of this process and their interactions. Descriptors: elderly; nursing gerontologic; nursing care. RESUMO Objetivo: identificar na literatura características do cuidado gerontológico de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de revisão da literatura. A seleção do material foi feita a partir de artigos presentes na base de dados Literatura da Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde; Banco de Dados em Enfermagem; Banco de dados da Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde e no acervo da biblioteca da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Resultados: foram analisados vinte e sete trabalhos no decorrer dos meses de maio a agosto de 2006. Acreditando como necessário ao cuidado gerontológico, uma visão pluralista, integrada e envolvida com o ser idoso, a referência marco deste estudo foi o modelo da prática de enfermagem gerontológica. Conclusão: a pesquisa bibliográfica realizada possibilitou a comprovação que a maior concentração de publicação relacionadas com o tema ocorreu em meados do ano 2000. A importância do cuidado na enfermagem, especificamente o gerontológico é indiscutível, em razão do aumento da população idosa no Brasil e no mundo, exigindo dos profissionais conhecimentos sobre esse processo e suas interações. Descritores: idoso; enfermagem geriátrica; cuidados de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar las características de la literatura en cuidados de enfermería gerontológica. Método: se trata de una revisión de la literatura. La selección del material se hizo de los artículos de la base de datos de la literatura de América Latina y el Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Base de Datos en Enfermería; Base de Datos Internacional de Literatura en Ciencias de la Salud y en la colección de la biblioteca de Universidad Federal de Paraná. Resultados: se analizaron veintisiete obras durante los meses de mayo a agosto de 2006. Convencido de que sea necesario para la atención gerontológica, una visión plural, integrada y estar involucrado con las personas de edad avanzada, el marco de referencia de este estudio fue el modelo para la práctica de la enfermería gerontológica. Conclusión: la literatura ha hecho una certificación de que la concentración más alta de la publicación sobre el tema se produjo a mediados de 2000. La importancia de la atención en enfermería, gerontología y específicamente la controversia, debido al aumento en población de edad avanzada en el Brasil y en el extranjero, que requieran conocimientos profesionales de este proceso y sus interacciones. Descriptores: anciano; el enfermería gerontologico; cuidado de enfermería.
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Wiebbelling, Ewerton Douglas, and Marieta Fernandes Santos. "Enfermagem em urgência e emergência no município de Foz do Iguaçu, Parana, Brazil." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 3, no. 3 (2009): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.149-181-1-rv.0303200901.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize the profile, the level of knowledge and satisfaction of the nurses for emergency services and emergency pre-hospital in Foz do Iguacu city, Paraná, Brazil. Method: this is about a descriptive and exploratory study. It was drawn up a questionnaire with 10 questions applied to 17 individuals, the answers were analyzed, tabulated and displayed in figures with frequencies and percentages. Results: eleven (64,7%) are female, with average age of 33 years, ten nurses (58,8%) are graduated in less than five years and all of them have or are doing postgraduate studies, but only three (17,6%) of these individuals studied specific for emergency area, and fifteen (88,2%) of those interviewed felt happy with their work. Conclusion: observing this representative sample of all the emergency services/emergency the council concluded that the qualifications of the nurse providing this assistance is far short of the needs of the sector, and it is up to all involved the practice of this process of change framework, or users, universities, classes of entities, employers, and especially the professionals, seeking higher quality and demanding bribes for the best. Descriptors: emergencies; nurses; professional training.RESUMOObjetivo: caracterizar o perfil, o nível de conhecimento e de satisfação do enfermeiro dos serviços de urgência e emergência pré e intra-hospitalar do município de Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, utilizando-se de entrevista individual, para a coleta de dados junto a enfermeiros de unidade de urgência e emergência, pré ou intra-hospitalar. Foi elaborado um questionário e aplicado a 17 enfermeiros, cujas respostas foram analisadas, tabuladas em gráficos e demonstradas em freqüências e porcentagens. Resultados: onze (64,7%) são do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 33 anos, dez (58,8%) estão formados a menos de cinco anos, todos já possuem ou estão realizando pós-graduação, mas apenas três (17,6%) buscaram formação especifica na área de emergência, e que quinze (88,2%) referiram sentir prazer pelo serviço que praticam. Conclusão: a qualificação do enfermeiro que presta esta assistência está muito aquém das necessidades do setor, e cabe a todos os envolvidos praticarem o processo de mudança deste quadro, ou seja, usuários, universidades, entidades de classes, empregadores, e principalmente os profissionais, buscando maior qualificação e exigindo melhores gratificações por estas. Descritores: emergências; enfermeiros; capacitação profissional.RESUMENObjetivo: caracterizar el perfil, el nivel de conocimiento y satisfacción de la enfermera de los servicios de urgencia y de emergencia pre-hospitalaria de la ciudad de Foz do Iguacu, Paraná, Brasil. Método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, para el cual se ha realizado entrevista individual, con cuestiones semi-estructuradas para recoger datos de los enfermeros en la unidad de emergencia y rescate, o unidad pre-hospital. Se ha elaborado un cuestionario con diez preguntas, aplicado a 17 personas, cuyas respuestas analizadas se muestran por medio de gráficos organizados de acuerdo a frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: la mayoría de esas personas encuestadas son mujeres - once mujeres (64,7%), con edad media de 33 años. Diez de ellos han concluido la carrera de enfermero hace cinco años o menos. Todos ya completaron o están realizando estudios de posgrado, pero sólo tres (17,6%) de estos buscaron formación en el área de emergencia hospitalar. Del total, quince (88,2%) de los entrevistados se declararon felices con la actividad profesional que desarrollan. Conclusión: la calificación profesional del enfermero es inferior a las necesidades requeridas en este sector, cabe, por lo tanto, a todos los profesionales del sector el compromiso de cambio de este estado, es decir, usuarios, universidades, sindicatos laborales, entidades, empresarios, y profesionales en general deben exigir mejor calificación profesional y deben pensar también que el enfermero debe ser mejor recompensado por su trabajo. Descriptores: urgencias médicas; enfermeras; de formación profesional.
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Bitsch, Bertram. "Inner rocky super-Earth formation: distinguishing the formation pathways in viscously heated and passive discs." Astronomy & Astrophysics 630 (September 23, 2019): A51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935877.
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Observations have revealed that super-Earths (planets up to 10 Earth masses) are the most abundant type of planets in the inner systems. Their formation is strongly linked to the structure of the protoplanetary disc, which determines growth and migration. In the pebble accretion scenario, planets grow to the pebble isolation mass, at which the planet carves a small gap in the gas disc halting the pebble flux and thus its growth. The pebble isolation mass scales with the disc’s aspect ratio, which directly depends on the heating source of the protoplanetary disc. I compare the growth of super-Earths in viscously heated discs, where viscous heating dissipates within the first million years, and discs purely heated by the central star with super-Earth observations from the Kepler mission. This allows two formation pathways of super-Earths to be distinguished in the inner systems within this framework. Planets growing within 1 Myr in the viscously heated inner disc reach pebble isolation masses that correspond directly to the inferred masses of the Kepler observations for systems that feature planets in resonance or not in resonance. However, to explain the period ratio distribution of Kepler planets – where most Kepler planet pairs are not in mean motion resonance configurations – a fraction of these resonant chains has to be broken. In case the planets are born early in a viscously heated disc, these resonant chains thus have to be broken without planetary mergers, for example through the magnetic rebound effect, and the final system architecture should feature low mutual inclinations. If super-Earths form either late or in purely passive discs, the pebble isolation mass is too small (around 2–3 Earth masses) to explain the Kepler observations, implying that planetary mergers have to play a significant role in determining the final system architecture. Resonant planetary systems thus have to experience mergers already during the gas disc phase, so the planets can get trapped in resonance after reaching 5–10 Earth masses. In case instabilities are dominating the system architecture, the systems should not be flat, but feature mutually inclined orbits. This implies that future observations of planetary systems with radial velocities (RV) and transits (for example through the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and its follow up RV surveys) could distinguish between these two formation channels of super-Earth and thus constrain planet formation theories.
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Yuan, Cheng, and Mingjun Su. "Seismic spectral sparse reflectivity inversion based on SBL-EM: experimental analysis and application." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 16, no. 6 (2019): 1124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz082.
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Abstract In this paper, we propose a new method of seismic spectral sparse reflectivity inversion that, for the first time, introduces Expectation-Maximization-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL-EM) to enhance the accuracy of stratal reflectivity estimation based on the frequency spectrum of seismic reflection data. Compared with the widely applied sequential algorithm-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL-SA), SBL-EM is more robust to data noise and, generally, can not only find a sparse solution with higher precision, but also yield a better lateral continuity along the final profile. To investigate the potential of SBL-EM in a seismic spectral sparse reflectivity inversion, we evaluate the inversion results by comparing them with those of a SBL-SA-based approach in multiple aspects, including the sensitivity to different frequency bands, the robustness to data noise, the lateral continuity of the final profiles and so on. Furthermore, we apply the mean square error (MSE), residual variance (RV) of seismograms and residual energy (RE) between the frequency spectra of the true and inverted reflectivity model to highlight the advantages of the proposed method over the SBL-SA-based approach in terms of spectral sparse reflectivity inversion within a sparse Bayesian learning framework. Multiple examples, including both numerical and field experiments, are carried out to validate the proposed method.
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Yin, Zheng, Conall O’Sullivan, and Anthony Brabazon. "An Analysis of the Performance of Genetic Programming for Realised Volatility Forecasting." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 6, no. 3 (2016): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2016-0012.
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AbstractTraditionally, the volatility of daily returns in financial markets is modeled autoregressively using a time-series of lagged information. These autoregressive models exploit stylised empirical properties of volatility such as strong persistence, mean reversion and asymmetric dependence on lagged returns. While these methods can produce good forecasts, the approach is in essence atheoretical as it provides no insight into the nature of the causal factors and how they affect volatility. Many plausible explanatory variables relating market conditions and volatility have been identified in various studies but despite the volume of research, we lack a clear theoretical framework that links these factors together. This setting of a theory-weak environment suggests a useful role for powerful model induction methodologies such as Genetic Programming (GP). This study forecasts one-day ahead realised volatility (RV) using a GP methodology that incorporates information on market conditions including trading volume, number of transactions, bid-ask spread, average trading duration (waiting time between trades) and implied volatility. The forecasting performance from the evolved GP models is found to be significantly better than those numbers of benchmark forecasting models drawn from the finance literature, namely, the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and a stepwise linear regression model (SR). Given the practical importance of improved forecasting performance for realised volatility this result is of significance for practitioners in financial markets.
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Rixen, T., A. Baum, B. Gaye, and B. Nagel. "Seasonal and interannual variations in the nitrogen cycle in the Arabian Sea." Biogeosciences 11, no. 20 (2014): 5733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-5733-2014.
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Abstract. The Arabian Sea plays an important role in the marine nitrogen cycle because of its pronounced mid-water oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in which bio-available nitrate (NO3−) is reduced to dinitrogen gas (N2). As the nitrogen cycle can respond fast to climate-induced changes in productivity and circulation, the Arabian Sea sediments are an important palaeoclimatic archive. In order to understand seasonal and interannual variations in the nitrogen cycle, nutrient data were obtained from the literature published prior to 1993, evaluated, and compared with data measured during five expeditions carried out in the framework of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the Arabian Sea in 1995 and during a research cruise of RV Meteor in 2007. The data comparison showed that the area characterized by a pronounced secondary nitrite maximum (SNM) was by 63% larger in 1995 than a similarly determined estimate based on pre-JGOFS data. This area, referred to as the core of the denitrifying zone, showed strong seasonal and interannual variations driven by the monsoon. During the SW monsoon, the SNM retreated eastward due to the inflow of oxygen-enriched Indian Ocean Central Water (ICW). During the NE monsoon, the SNM expanded westward because of the reversal of the current regime. On an interannual timescale, a weaker SW monsoon decreased the inflow of ICW from the equatorial Indian Ocean and increased the accumulation of denitrification tracers by extending the residence time of water in the SNM. This is supported by palaeoclimatic studies showing an enhanced preservation of accumulative denitrification tracers in marine sediments in conjunction with a weakening of the SW monsoon during the late Holocene.
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Andersen, V., M. Goutx, L. Prieur, and J. R. Dolan. "Short-scale temporal variability of physical, biological and biogeochemical processes in the NW Mediterranean Sea: an introduction." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 6 (2008): 5233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-5233-2008.
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Abstract. In the framework of the PROOF-PECHE project (www.obs-vlfr.fr/proof/vt/op/ec/peche/pec.htm) a multi-disciplinary team performed experiments and collected samples during the DYNAPROC2 cruise aboard the RV Thalassa from September to October in 2004. The cruise provided data on the functioning of the pelagic food web by sampling over a month long period in the NW Mediterranean Sea at a fixed station subject to weak horizontal advection currents during a period of hydrological stability. This paper describes the background of the cruise and provides an overview of the results derived from the campaign which constitute the special section. The major objective of the cruise was to assess the relative importance and variability of the pathways of carbon in the open ocean. Intensive sampling through 4 periods of 5 days each was accomplished a site near the DYFAMED time-series site. The site was near stable in terms of hydrodynamics as there was some evidence of an intrusion of low-salinity coastal water. One major product of the cruise was a comprehensive data set data set acquired by sampling at high frequencies (ranging from every 3, 6, 12 and/or 24 h) and over a vertical spatial dimension so far never explored (0–1000 m) in the North Western Mediterranean Sea. Parameters investigated included the biochemical composition of DOM (lipids), and the structure of bacterial communities, phytoplankton and zooplankton community compositions and abundances, as well as zooplankton metabolism, and particulate organic carbon fluxes. Nearly all the parameters described in this section, as well as reports appearing elsewhere, showed time-course variabilities of similar magnitude to those known from a previous study of the spring-summer seasonal transition, a period of marked hydrological change, at the same study site.
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Bono, G., V. F. Braga, G. Fiorentino, et al. "Evolutionary and pulsation properties of Type II Cepheids." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (December 2020): A96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038191.
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We discuss the observed pulsation properties of Type II Cepheids (TIICs) in the Galaxy and in the Magellanic Clouds. We found that period (P) distributions, luminosity amplitudes, and population ratios of the three different sub-groups (BL Herculis [BLH, P < 5 days], W Virginis [WV, 5 ≤ P < 20 days], RV Tauri [RVT, P > 20 days]) are quite similar in different stellar systems, suggesting a common evolutionary channel and a mild dependence on both metallicity and environment. We present a homogeneous theoretical framework based on horizontal branch (HB) evolutionary models, showing that TIICs are mainly old (t ≥ 10 Gyr) low-mass stars. The BLH stars (BLHs) are predicted to be post-early asymptotic giant branch (PEAGB) stars (double shell burning) on the verge of reaching their AGB track (first crossing of the instability strip), while WV stars (WVs) are a mix of PEAGB and post-AGB stars (hydrogen shell burning) moving from the cool to the hot side (second crossing) of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. This suggests that they are a single group of variable stars. The RVT stars (RVTs) are predicted to be a mix of post-AGB stars along their second crossing (short-period tail) and thermally pulsing AGB stars (long-period tail) evolving towards their white dwarf cooling sequence. We also present several sets of synthetic HB models by assuming a bi-modal mass distribution along the HB. Theory suggests, in agreement with observations, that TIIC pulsation properties marginally depend on metallicity. Predicted period distributions and population ratios for BLHs agree quite well with observations, while those for WVs and RVTs are almost a factor of two smaller and higher than observed, respectively. Moreover, the predicted period distributions for WVs peak at periods shorter than observed, while those for RVTs display a long-period tail not supported by observations. We investigate several avenues to explain these differences, but more detailed calculations are required to address these discrepancies.
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Andersen, V., M. Goutx, L. Prieur, and J. R. Dolan. "Short-scale temporal variability of physical, biological and biogeochemical processes in the NW Mediterranean Sea: an introduction." Biogeosciences 6, no. 3 (2009): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-453-2009.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In the framework of the PROOF-PECHE project (http://www.obs-vlfr.fr/proof/vt/op/ec/peche/pec.htm) a multi-disciplinary team performed experiments and collected samples during the DYNAPROC 2 cruise aboard the RV Thalassa from September to October in 2004. The cruise provided data on the functioning of the pelagic food web by sampling over a month long period in the NW Mediterranean Sea at a fixed station subject to weak horizontal advection currents during a period of hydrological stability. This paper describes the background of the cruise and provides an overview of the results derived from the campaign which constitute the special section. The major objective of the cruise was to assess the relative importance and variability of the pathways of carbon in the open ocean. Intensive sampling through 4 periods of 5 days each was accomplished at a site near the DYFAMED time-series site. The site was near stable in terms of hydrodynamics as there was some evidence of an intrusion of low-salinity coastal water. The cruise yielded a comprehensive data set acquired by sampling over a vertical spatial dimension (0–1000 m) and at high frequencies (ranging from every 3, 6, 12 and/or 24 h), unique for the summer to autumn transition in the North Western Mediterranean. Parameters investigated included the biochemical composition of dissolved organic matter (lipids), and the structure of bacterial communities, phytoplankton and zooplankton community compositions and abundances, as well as zooplankton metabolism, and particulate organic carbon fluxes. Nearly all the parameters described in this section, as well as reports appearing elsewhere, showed time-course variabilities of similar magnitude to those known from a previous study of the spring-summer seasonal transition, a period of marked hydrological change, at the same study site. Remarkably, the least variable characteristic of the system appeared to be the identities of the dominant taxa across several trophic levels (copepods, phytoplankton, ciliates, and bacteria) throughout the study period despite large shifts in stock sizes and fluxes. Thus, the studies of DYNAPROC 2 documented considerable temporal variability of stocks and rates in a system which was, from a hydrological and taxonomic point of view, relatively stable.
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Khen, G. V. "HISTORY OF PETER THE GREAT BAY DISCOVER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SURVEYS IN THE JAPAN SEA TILL THE MIDDLE 20TH CENTURY." Izvestiya TINRO 200 (March 26, 2020): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-3-23.
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Peter the Great Bay (PGB) was not known to Europeans for a long time. The first European ship reached PGB in 1852. She was the French corvette Capricieuse commanded by captain G. de Rocquemaurel who was sent by his government for exploring the western coast of the Japan Sea; actually he had described the Posyet Bay only. Later the British HMS Winchester and Barracuda visited PGB in August, 1856. They discovered the Golden Horn Bay, them as Port May, and gave names to many other geographical locations. Large Russian expedition of 7 vessels was sent to Primorye coast under the leadership of N.N. Muravyov-Amursky, the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, in the summer of 1859. They described thoroughly the entire PGB and changed many (not all) foreign geographical names to Russian ones. Scientific researches in the Japan Sea were started soon by L.I. Schrenk, who summarized the results of Russian observations in two books published in 1869 and 1874. Great success in understanding of oceanographic regime was the work of S.O. Makarov «The «Vitiaz» and the Pacific Ocean» (1894). S. Ogura created in 1927 the general chart of currents in the Japan Sea on the base of Japanese observations in 1900–1911 that was more detailed and comprehensive than the first chart of L.I. Shrenk. Moreover, S. Ogura plotted the water temperature and salinity distribution over the whole Japan Sea for February and August. Oceanographic studies in PGB were made in 1920s by K.A. Gomoyunov, the first professional oceanographer who lived constantly in the Russian Far East; he began from the Amur Bay survey in the summer of 1925. The USSR Hydrographic Office conducted the oceanographic survey in PGB and the Tatar Strait in 1926–1928, with measuring of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content, pH, and water transparency, with the deepest measurements at the depth of 3500 m. In 1932, the Pacific Res. Inst. of Fisheries in Vladivostok together with the State Hydrographic Institute in Leningrad organized the large-scale Pacific expedition that covered all Far-Eastern Seas. In the framework of this expedition, the 5 cruises of RV Rossinante to the Japan Sea headed by N.I. Tarasov explored PGB, too, that allowed to analyze seasonal variations of temperature, salinity, oxygen content, and currents. Oceanographic researches in the Japan Sea became more active in the times of WWII, 4 small research vessels made observations at Primorye coast every month from April to October under general supervision of A.M. Batalin; in total, more than 100 exits to the sea were recorded in 1941–1946. The data collected in those years was the basis for the big atlas of the Japan Sea created under the leadership of A.I. Rumyantsev and published in 1951.
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Baryshnikova, Irina Yu, E. A. Filippova, A. A. Burov, Yu L. Podurovskaya, V. V. Zubkov, and D. N. Degtyarev. "ULTRASOUND PREDICTORS OF SURVIVAL IN NEWBORNS WITH A LEFT SIDE CONGENITAL DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22, no. 5 (2018): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-5-235-240.
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Introduction. Complex ultrasound diagnosis of the organ and, directly, cardiac function allows forming groups of prognostically significant risk factors for the development of complications in newborns with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and on their basis to select patients with the negative life expectancy. The determination of hemodynamic disorders as secondary ones will allow emphasizing the treatment on the elimination of the main pathology, which will lead to an improvement and/or normalization of cardiac activity. The aim of the work is to identify ultrasound markers of risk factors for complications in CDH newborns. Material and methods. In 32 left side CDH newborns at the age of 6-18 h of the 1st day of the life, there was performed an examination on the expanded echographic protocol. The indices studied included the end-diastolic volume (EDV) of the left ventricle (LV) indexed to the surface area of the body; the mass of the myocardium (MM) of the LV; index of the shape (IS) of the LV; the ratio of the pulmonary blood flow to the systemic (Qp/Qs); cardiac index (CI); the McGun index; the ratio of the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the pulmonary artery (PA) to systemic arterial pressure (SAP); the ratio of the time of the systole to the time of the diastole of the right ventricle (RV); a marker of the total myocardial contractility; the presence of organs of the abdominal cavity in the pleural cavities on the affected side (the proportion of the liver, stomach, spleen). The results of the extended echocardiographic examination were correlated with the clinical data characterizing the severity of the patient’s condition in the perioperative period (duration of the artificial ventilation, the need for cardiotonic and inotropic therapy, the length of the stay in the hospital), the outcome of the disease after surgery. Results. The overall survival rate of CDH newborns was 78.2%. EDV, MM, IS, CI and the ratio of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery to systemic blood pressure in the groups of deceased and surviving patients significantly differed on the 1st day of the life (p = 0.013, p = 0.037, p = 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively ). Within the framework of binary logistic regression, only CI affects the outcome of the treatment of CDH newborns (OR = 43.8 at p = 0.029). CI less than 2 L/min/m2 is a predictor of death of CDH newborns. EDV (less than 26 ml/m2), MM (less than 37g/m2), the ratio of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery to systemic blood pressure (more than 0.9) are additional markers affecting on the outcome of treatment for CDH newborns. Conclusion. CI is an independent index in predicting the outcome of the treatment of CDH newborns (OR = 43.8 at p = 0.029). EDV, MM, the ratio of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery to systemic BP are additional markers in predicting the outcome of treatment of newborns with EDC. The presence of a portion of the liver, stomach, and spleen in the thoracic cavity has no statistical significance in predicting the outcome of treatment of such children.
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Aguayo, Claudio, and Moira Decima. "When do salps bloom?" Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 2, no. 1 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v2i1.49.
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When do Salps bloom? In this MBIE Curious Minds funded project we sought to address the growing need to involve people at a young age in learning involving active scientific research, to enhance societal understanding of science and technology and promote careers in STEM/STEAM to groups traditionally less represented. We engaged Leigh Primary School children with Salp research led by Dr Moira Decima from NIWA, and with citizen science through involvement in the co-design of a mobile app to report salp (marine invertebrate) sightings in coastal and underwater environments in our case study site: Goat Island Marine Reserve. The goal of the project was to engage students in cutting-edge marine science research and conservation; and in technological development through the co-design of a mobile app to report salps sightings in local coastal environments. 
 
 Salps constitute essential prey items for multiple species of fish (including commercially important species like Hoki and Oreos), and can play a major role in ocean biogeochemistry by enhancing carbon (CO2) sequestration. In addition, the presence and extent of population blooms has increased in some parts of the world, presumably as a consequence of global warming, making these organisms sentinels of climate change. They are also unique in New Zealand because they seem to predictably bloom during the summer in coastal areas, yet this information is anecdotal and hence constituted a real opportunity to involve Leigh School to contribute to globally-relevant marine research. Important to local communities, the presence and abundance of these organisms affects tourist and local enjoyment of marine habitats, as low densities can result in attractive items for underwater experiences, but high densities render diving, fishing, boating and other water activities problematic.
 
 Students participated in a series of face-to-face events, including two visits to the Goat Island Marine Discovery Centre (University of Auckland); vlogging with Dr Decima while leading the RV Tangaroa on the #SalpPOOP (Salp Particle expOrt and Oceanic Production) research voyage; snorkelling at Goat Island Marine Reserve; and learning presentations by Leigh School children during SeaWeek 2019, where students presented their learning, enjoyed a sausage BBQ, and tried out virtual reality experiences designed to learn about salp research and marine conservation in general. We also engaged with Goat Island Dive & Snorkel dive instructors and selected customers during the app co-design phase to gain app prototype feedback.
 
 A mobile application (salpcount.nz) following a citizen science engagement framework that will allow data collection of salps in New Zealand was created with input from Leigh School students and selected Goat Island Dive & Snorkel customers and instructors, and with the engagement of multiple partners and through a hands-on educational program. Leigh School students were able to learn about an interesting marine biology topic relevant to them, while contributing to an application that will hopefully produce data through citizen science on the patterns and frequency of salp blooms around New Zealand. Here we report on this case study project highlighting what worked and what we learned, and some implications for future practice.
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Sozzetti, A., M. Damasso, A. S. Bonomo, et al. "A sub-Neptune and a non-transiting Neptune-mass companion unveiled by ESPRESSO around the bright late-F dwarf HD 5278 (TOI-130)." Astronomy & Astrophysics 648 (April 2021): A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202040034.
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Context. Transiting sub-Neptune-type planets, with radii approximately between 2 and 4 R⊕, are of particular interest as their study allows us to gain insight into the formation and evolution of a class of planets that are not found in our Solar System. Aims. We exploit the extreme radial velocity (RV) precision of the ultra-stable echelle spectrograph ESPRESSO on the VLT to unveil the physical properties of the transiting sub-Neptune TOI-130 b, uncovered by the TESS mission orbiting the nearby, bright, late F-type star HD 5278 (TOI-130) with a period of Pb = 14.3 days. Methods. We used 43 ESPRESSO high-resolution spectra and broad-band photometry information to derive accurate stellar atmospheric and physical parameters of HD 5278. We exploited the TESS light curve and spectroscopic diagnostics to gauge the impact of stellar activity on the ESPRESSO RVs. We performed separate as well as joint analyses of the TESS photometry and the ESPRESSO RVs using fully Bayesian frameworks to determine the system parameters. Results. Based on the ESPRESSO spectra, the updated stellar parameters of HD 5278 are Teff = 6203 ± 64 K, log g = 4.50 ± 0.11 dex, [Fe/H] = −0.12 ± 0.04 dex, M⋆ = 1.126−0.035+0.036 M⊙, and R⋆ = 1.194−0.016+0.017 R⊙. We determine HD 5278 b’s mass and radius to be Mb = 7.8−1.4+1.5 M⊕ and Rb = 2.45 ± 0.05R⊕. The derived mean density, ϱb = 2.9−0.5+0.6 g cm−3, is consistent with the bulk composition of a sub-Neptune with a substantial (~ 30%) water mass fraction and with a gas envelope comprising ~17% of the measured radius. Given the host brightness and irradiation levels, HD 5278 b is one of the best targetsorbiting G-F primaries for follow-up atmospheric characterization measurements with HST and JWST. We discover a second, non-transiting companion in the system, with a period of Pc = 40.87−0.17+0.18 days and a minimum mass of Mc sin ic = 18.4−1.9+1.8 M⊕. We study emerging trends in parameters space (e.g., mass, radius, stellar insolation, and mean density) of the growing population of transiting sub-Neptunes, and provide statistical evidence for a low occurrence of close-in, 10 − 15M⊕ companions around G-F primaries with Teff ≳ 5500 K.
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Fortuni, F., M. F. Dietz, E. A. Prihadi, et al. "A matter of proportions: a novel framework to classify functional tricuspid regurgitation." European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2650.
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Abstract Background Current approaches for the assessment of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) severity do not correct for right ventricular (RV) size. Similarly to what recently proposed for the left heart, we hypothesized that TR severity can be proportional or disproportional to RV dilation. Purpose To characterize the clinical features and the prognosis of patients with disproportionate vs proportionate functional TR (FTR). Methods A total of 345 patients (mean age: 70±12 years; 40% male) with significant (≥ moderate) FTR, preserved left ventricular systolic function and who did not undergo tricuspid valvular repair during follow-up were included. Proportional and disproportional FTR were defined according to the ratio between TR severity (vena contracta [VC] width) and RV size (tricuspid annulus [TA] diameter). A prognostic relevant cut-off for VC/TA was identified with spline curve analysis. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality and the event rates were compared between patients with proportionate and disproportionate FTR. Results The cut-off for disproportionate FTR associated with an increase in all-cause mortality was identified at 0.24 (Figure 1: left panel). According to this cut-off, 172 (50%) patients showed disproportionate FTR, while the remaining had proportionate FTR. Patients with disproportionate FTR were more frequently symptomatic, had smaller RV basal diameter, higher TR severity, greater left atrial volume, higher prevalence of mitral regurgitation, and higher pulmonary artery pressures compared to those with proportionate FTR. During a median follow-up of 61 (interquartile range, 28–101) months, 135 (39%) patients died. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was significantly worse in patients with disproportionate FTR (57% vs 74%, P=0.001; Figure 1: right panel) and on multivariable Cox regression analysis disproportionate FTR was independently associated with poor outcome (HR 1.56; 95% CI 1.06–2.29; P=0.023) together with age, coronary artery disease, renal impairment, reduced RV systolic function, and increased pulmonary artery pressures. Importantly, this novel framework outperformed the TR grading system recommended by current guidelines, which in this population was not able to effectively stratify the prognosis (HR for severe FTR vs moderate FTR 1.09; 95% CI 0.72–1.64; P=0.694). Conclusions In patients with significant FTR, characterization of TR severity in relation to RV size significantly improves risk-stratification since disproportionate FTR if left untreated is associated with worse prognosis compared with proportionate FTR. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
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López-Lacort, Mónica, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Beneito, Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, and Javier Díez-Domingo. "Spatio-temporal impact of self-financed rotavirus vaccination on rotavirus and acute gastroenteritis hospitalisations in the Valencia region, Spain." BMC Infectious Diseases 20, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05373-0.
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Abstract Background Several studies have shown a substantial impact of Rotavirus (RV) vaccination on the burden of RV and all-cause acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, the results of most impact studies could be confused by a dynamic and complex space-time process. Therefore, there is a need to analyse the impact of RV vaccination on RV and AGE hospitalisations in a space-time framework to detect geographical-time patterns while avoiding the potential confusion caused by population inequalities in the impact estimations. Methods A retrospective population-based study using real-world data from the Valencia Region was performed among children aged less than 3 years old in the period 2005–2016. A Bayesian spatio-temporal model was constructed to analyse RV and AGE hospitalisations and to estimate the vaccination impact measured in averted hospitalisations. Results We found important spatio-temporal patterns in RV and AGE hospitalisations, RV vaccination coverage and in their associated adverted hospitalisations. Overall, ~ 1866 hospital admissions for RV were averted by RV vaccination during 2007–2016. Despite the low-medium vaccine coverage (~ 50%) in 2015–2016, relevant 36 and 20% reductions were estimated in RV and AGE hospitalisations respectively. Conclusions The introduction of the RV vaccines has substantially reduced the number of RV hospitalisations, averting ~ 1866 admissions during 2007–2016 which were space and time dependent. This study improves the methodologies commonly used to estimate the RV vaccine impact and their interpretation.
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Sharifi Kia, Danial, Ronald Fortunato, Spandan Maiti, Marc A. Simon, and Kang Kim. "An exploratory assessment of stretch-induced transmural myocardial fiber kinematics in right ventricular pressure overload." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83154-8.
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AbstractRight ventricular (RV) remodeling and longitudinal fiber reorientation in the setting of pulmonary hypertension (PH) affects ventricular structure and function, eventually leading to RV failure. Characterizing the kinematics of myocardial fibers helps better understanding the underlying mechanisms of fiber realignment in PH. In the current work, high-frequency ultrasound imaging and structurally-informed finite element (FE) models were employed for an exploratory evaluation of the stretch-induced kinematics of RV fibers. Image-based experimental evaluation of fiber kinematics in porcine myocardium revealed the capability of affine assumptions to effectively approximate myofiber realignment in the RV free wall. The developed imaging framework provides a noninvasive modality to quantify transmural RV myofiber kinematics in large animal models. FE modeling results demonstrated that chronic pressure overload, but not solely an acute rise in pressures, results in kinematic shift of RV fibers towards the longitudinal direction. Additionally, FE simulations suggest a potential protective role for concentric hypertrophy (increased wall thickness) against fiber reorientation, while eccentric hypertrophy (RV dilation) resulted in longitudinal fiber realignment. Our study improves the current understanding of the role of different remodeling events involved in transmural myofiber reorientation in PH. Future experimentations are warranted to test the model-generated hypotheses.