Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Français (Langue) – Adjectif'
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Marengo, Sébastien. "L' adjectif non-attribut : syntaxe et sémantique des adjectifs référentiels." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR20063.
Full textSeveral non-predicative adjectives in French do not belong to the two usual classes found in grammars (qualificative and relational). We are proposing a solution within a modular semantic framework which clearly distinguishes the viewpoint of notions from that of reference. As for some nouns and verbs, many non-predicative adjectives do not convey notions but are reference builders. These adjectives, called “referential adjectives”, play a complementary role to the noun’s specifiers: they express either quantity or reference marks. Such an analysis has two advantages: it groups adjectives that have up to now been dispersed (indefinite, ordinal and reference-modifying adjectives) and it enriches the survey — while exploiting a concept already available within the theoretical framework. It also shows connections with two other classes of non-predicative adjectives left aside by grammars: classifying and affective adjectives
Coiffet, Benoît. "Étude des emplois de l'adjectif invarié en français." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20057/document.
Full textIn this study, we analyze verb combinations formed by placing an adjective to the right of a verb (such as "to eat organic" or "to buy French"). Placed in this position, the adjective is incidental to the verb from a syntactical point of view. However, as a defining element, it requires supporting elements, which are systematically absent from the statement. The absence of these semantical supports causes the adjective to be grammatically invariable, and for that reason, we speak of "invariable" adjectives. It can be maintained that, in this syntactical environment, an adjective finds itself in the place of another linguistic structure of which it is the prototypical function and with which it appears to be in competition: the adverb.It appears that, in this syntactical contest, an invariable adjective bears upon several elements. In certain cases, it can be a matter of elements belonging to the argumental structure of the verb, such as the unexpressed object. In other cases, it can involve elements that do not necessarily belong to the argumental structure (as in the combination "to bike + useful"). In this study, we postulate that it can thus be a complement describing the manner
Lablanche, Anne. "L’infinitif complément d'un verbe, d'un adjectif, d'un nom : écriture d'un fragment de grammaire." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100111.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to build a piece of French grammar explaining the use of the infinitive syntax within the framework of polychrome tree grammars. The thesis comprises two parts. The first part studies problems associated with the infinitive. The infinitive, like a verb, has complements and the component it forms with its complements can in turn be the complement to a verb, a noun or an adjective. Traditional grammars express this as the double nature of an infinitive: it has the properties of a verb and of a noun/ it has both verbal and nominative properties. It is therefore difficult to insert the infinitive syntax into a formal model allowing the use of computational linguistics. We define the infinitive component as the unit comprising an infinitive verb and its complements. We explain why this term is preferable to “infinitive subordinated proposition”. The second part examines the syntactic analysis of infinitive components within the framework of polychrome tree grammars and is organized around the contexts in which the infinitive is used (a verb, a noun, an adjective). A polychrome tree grammar representation makes it possible to test this formalism and demonstrates the benefits of separating the syntactic function of each category. One can thus explain the cases in which the component of a non-nominal category performs a role generally performed by a noun. Finally, this work on the syntax of the infinitive, which revisits certain studies from traditional grammars, enriches the formalism constructed within the framework of computational linguistics
Reinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
Full textGamallo, Otero Pablo. "Construction conceptuelle d'expressions complexes : traitement de la combinaison "nom-adjectif"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20004.
Full textThis dissertation deals with meaning construction of linguistic complex expressions, particularly with + adjective-noun ; conceptual composition. Its main goal is to build up a theoretic frame suitable for the analysis of semantic problems concerning grammatical polymorphy, lexical polysemy or even metonymy. Such a theoretic frame is mainly conceived on the basis of notions stemmed from langacker's cognitive grammar, but ideas and formulations from both formal semantics (predicate logic, situation semantics,. . . ) and generative lexicon (pustejovsky, franks. . . ) are also taken into account the work as a whole relies on the hypothesis that linguistic expressions are directly linked to the conceptualization devices used by a speaker-listener in order to construe and organize the conceptual space (i. E. The universe of interpretation). Such conceptualizations devices are specified and characterized at different levels of abstaction for example, syntactic forms are conceived as instructions which configure and characterize semantic categories on the basis of a very schematic informational content to carry out such a category characterization, this work examines in detail the internal organisation of predicate structures, particularly the assignment operation of an entity to a predicate role. Lexical forms are also conceived as instructions which configure and characterise entities in the conceptual space. Yet, they do not characterise schematic categories, but an undetermined amount of assumptions concerning the organization of informational content at different levels of specification. This work relies on the conceptualization devices to build up a formal pattern of the semantic composition process. Such a compositional process is conceived as a set of conceptualization operations working on several aspects of the combined entities in order to integrate them into a composite entity. Taking into account the theoretical pattern of semantic composition defined previously, the last part of the dissertation describes the conceptual construction of some adjective-noun expressions
Thomas, Izabella. "Vers un modèle d'interprétation du groupe Adjectif Nom/Nom Adjectif en vue de la traduction automatique : application du français vers le polonais." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1034.
Full textFox, Gwendoline. "L'acquisition des modifieurs nominaux. Le cas de l'adjectif du français." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030155/document.
Full textThe acquisition of attributive adjectives is subject to two major difficulties in French. First, adjectives express a property of a larger unit : children must be able to conceive an object as a whole and as a set of properties to use a NP with an adjective. Second, adjectives in French may occur before or after the noun. Alternation is a defining feature of the category but it is not random, and the constraints at play are numerous and preferential in nature. Also, although speakers are aware of this possibility, they tend to choose a fixed position in usage. These facts raise the question of whether the input allows children to construct the notion of attributive adjectives without a resort to innate linguistic knowledge. To answer this, I propose a comparative study of the productions of three children interacting with their family at two times of their development (T1 : 3 ;8, T2 : 4 ;6). I examine four phenomena concerning attributive adjectives (lexicon, placement, combination with other modifiers or adjectival dependents), and I compare adjectives with other nominal modifiers. All of these phenomena show the same evolution. At T1, the children use the most frequent construction in the adult data, with a high degree of lexical specificity. T2 shows the appearance of other constructions according to their order of frequency in the adult data. The construction from T1 is also used with a greater choice of lexical units, but within the same semantic classes. The children thus show sensitivity to quantitative information and a gradual abstraction of constructions by semantic analogy, which pleads for a progressive construction of the knowledge of adjectives based on the input data
Djohar, Abdou. "Approche contrastive franco-comorienne : les séquences figées à caractère adjectival." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131038/document.
Full textAs in French, there are a significant number Comorian of fixed adjectival sequences that the use only oral. Adjectival these sequences have never been studied. They are remarkable subtype Prep N, Adj as Det N (the angels, thick as a brick…). These predicative adjectives to express a complex shape condition and the pronominalisables. They may be analyzed as predicative adjectives in that they have the same syntax as simple adjectives property they are compatible as well as the epithet that the attribute position. The morpho-syntactic analysis and semantic analysis of the adjectival sequences allow us to understand their fixed character meets two conditions congealing: polylexicaux and they have a certain degree of fossilization, the second condition can be demonstrated the fact that you can not replace a word with another word. In our study contrastive Franco-Comorian, we conducted an exhaustive survey of adjectival phrases from Comoros and established a typology of adjectival predicates using the same principles as for the French
Roy, Mathieu. "Étude comparative sur l'impact sémantique de la position adjecivale dans un syntagme nominal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27913/27913.pdf.
Full textSalinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
Full textThe starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
Ferrando, Sylvie. "Ethique et Esthétique dans le langage : approche de l'adjectif gradable par sa polarité et son énonciation en français et en anglais." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129530.
Full textPark, Jungjoon. "Propriétés sémantiques des adjectifs en français contemporain : analyse des adjectifs à sujet impersonnel." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070065.
Full textIn this work, we analyse "impersonal subject adjectives" like "probable", "rare", "important" and "sage" in French. This analysis uses the tools of the categorial grammar. A subclassification of these adjectives is made based on their syntactical behaviour. The semantic relations are examined between sentences containing these adjectives. The following hypothesis is proposed : there is a direct correspondence between categorical membership of an adjective and its semantic properties. The semantic description of these adjectives uses the tools of the Boolean semantics. The denotation of sentential complements is considered as "sentential individual", which is a set of "properties of sentences". These properties are denoted by "sentential common nouns". Since the sentential common nouns are typically related to the impersonal subject adjectives, the analysis by properties of sentences becomes justified. Consequently, the definition of the category for common nouns is proposed to include the properties of sentences
Balogh, Péter. "Les adjectifs temporels du français et du hongrois." Paris 13, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA131005.
Full textThamprasert, Rosakon. "Étude comparative de l’adjectif en français et en thaï." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040091.
Full textFrench adjective has a morphosyntactic behavior very close to noun. Thai adjective is, in most cases, very close to verb. In French and in Thai, adjective can occupy the place of adverb, but it’s not always adverbialized. French adjective can be derived from a verbe, a noun or an adjective. The Thai, which doesn’t know any affixal derivation, except for the ready-made words borrowed from Sanskrit, Pali or Khmer, has to use, in many cases, a modal auxiliary, a prepositional group, a subordination structure or another adjective. In French, denominative adjective can have relational or qualifying meanings or both ; the adjectival composition can be internal or external. In the two languages and particularly in Thaï, partial or total reduplication and adjectival series can have several linguistic values. Thai attributive adjective is always placed after the noun ; the French one can be placed before or after the noun, depending on several factors. Noun can also fulfill the attributive function in the two languages, but not in every cases. A copulative verb is indispensable for French predicative adjective ; it is necessary for some Thai adjectives only, while most of them are predicates without copula. In French and in Thai, predicative adjective can be placed at the beginning of the sentence when it is focused or emphasized
Corteel, Céline. "Sur l'identité et la différence en français : étude de l'encodage des arguments de même, pareil, autre et différent." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30030.
Full textThe goal of this study is to describe the particular semantic and referential properties of même, pareil, autre and différent, on the basis of the different possibilities for syntactically encoding their arguments. These adjectives have four distinct uses, as a function of the relationship they established between their arguments. The first chapter examines cases of même/pareil/autre/différent when followed by an overt second argument introduced by a preposition or a complementizer. In chapters 2, 3 and 4, anaphoric readings, NP-internal readings and NP-dependant readings are examined one by one. It is shown that autre functions as negative operator used to exclude a referent from the potential referents of the NP in which it appears. As for même, its interpretation crucially relies on distributy effects. It can express both "referential" and "qualitative" identity, whereas pareil is only used in the second case. Pareil turns out to involve appraisal, indicating that a referent has particularly salient properties. Different always implies qualitative differences, and it is used when the elements of the denoted set can be numerically distinguished. In the prenominal position of a plural, the latter function of différent is reinforced. The analysis offered in this study accounts for why même, pareil, autre and différent do not syntactically encode their arguments in exactly the same way. The proposal also explains the various meanings identified with these adjectives
Hafezian, Mohsen. "Etude contrastive des adjectifs construits en persan et en français." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030072.
Full textBarrier, Nicolas. "Une méta-grammaire des adjectifs du français : une application aux TAG." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070038.
Full textMetagrammars have helped reduce the development time of a tree adjoining grammar by taking advantage of a factorization of syntactic information, based on the use of a multiple inheritance network. Intuitively, the idea is to automatically combine multiple tree sketches in order to define elementary trees designing TAG families. The work we describe in our thesis is intended to enrich the wide coverage Tree Adjoining Grammar developed for the French language [Abeille, 1991, 2002]. So far, MGs have been used to develop grammars for main verbs [Candito, 1999] or predicative nouns [Barrier, 2006]. It was relevant to show the adequacy of MGs for phenomenes whose features are more complex than the verbal System proper. In this thesis, we recall the theoretical issues and problems that often come with the use of metagrammars. We then present the solutions we've sketched. We therefore begin by deeply reviewing the general organization of a metagrammar compiler, and then present the extensions we have proposed
Ditcheva-Nikolova, Malinka. "La double justification - sémantique et prosodique - de la place de l'adjectif épithète. Le cas du français et du bulgare." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070073.
Full textThe model called bipolar provides a general principle to explain not only the position, in modern French, of an attributive adjective with respect to the noun which it modifies, but also the arrangement of several adjectives inside the noun phrase, with the result that its interest extend to any language, like Bulgarian, where the anteposition is constant. This model lends itself to graphic representation, as well as to analytical statement. Its justification lies in the fact that a subtle linguistic competence on the matter is easily gained not only by the native speakers, but also by Bulgarian students of French. As for the traditional grammatical rules that describe the distributional properties of French attributive adjectives, one is, sometimes, faced with a situation where "the lever is heavier than the burden". The model functions for a rather high number of adjectives pertaining to various semantic classes. It allows, for example, to determine the order, in relation with the node lines, of two adjectives (for example, "important" and "économique") in a noun phrase, from a relative evaluation of the ratio situational value vs. Referential value for each adjective. .
Suh, Hye-Suk. "Analyse syntaxique de l'adjectif qualificatif en français contemporain." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10057.
Full textThe object of this research is the syntactic study of the qualifying adjective, in the theoretical framework of the pronominal approach, developped by the gars (groupe aixois de recherche en syntaxe). The qualifying adjective can fill several syntactic functions : predicative adjective of the subject, predicative adjective of the objet, attributive adjective, contingent adjective clause and adjective in the absolue construction. The syntactic analysis will be developped from these differenct functions, with the exception of the absolute construction. Special attention is given in this study, to the fact that the qualifying adjective selects, in general the lexical category of the noun to which it refers. Observations are made in this area concerning adjectives of different semantic categorie used predicatively (subject complement). Apart from the absolute construction we have devoted a separate chapiter to each syntactic function. As these are functions which can be filled by other elements of discourse (participles, substantives), these latter are studied together with the adjective in order to bring out the syntactic relations that hold between the adjective and these other elements. A comparison is made between examples taken from oral production and those in written french. At the beginning of each chapter, we have made a survey of what has been said both in traditional grammar and in linguistic research, about each syntactic function
Song, Geun Young. "Les adjectifs arguments en français : analyse syntaxique et sémantique." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131022.
Full textThe framework of this research is lexicalist theory, i. E. The model of object classes, in line with Z. S. Harris’ transformational grammar and work on lexicon-grammar. This theory is based on two fundamental notions, namely predicate and argument, and the description of adjectival category was mainly focused on predicative adjectives up to the present. There exists, however, a large number of non predicative adjectival uses, and a part of them can be regarded as argument of a noun predicate. They are called argument adjectives and are the subject of this study which aims to make up for the gap in description of argument system, for only nouns were usually considered as functioning as arguments. Different points on argument adjectives such as their definition, typology, syntactic and semantic role and also their description in electronic dictionary devised from the model of object classes are discussed
Tayalati, Fayssal. "Les adjectifs à complément au datif en français : interface sémantique-syntaxe." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30038.
Full textStrnadová, Jana. "Les réseaux adjectivaux : sur la grammaire des adjectifs dénominaux en français." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070028.
Full textThis dissertation studies suffixal derivation of adjectives from nouns in French. I first present the data under investigation : a lexicon of about 15,000 adjectives, 40% of which may be considered denominal. In order to assess the position of denominal adjectives in the more general adjectival system, I present a classification of French adjectives on the basis of their morphological properties. In the process, I spot cases where the fringes of the class of denominals are unclear. In a second step, I present a study of the formai and semantic properties of a subset of denominal adjectives which is selected on the basis of the type frequency of formai patterns of alternation between base and derivative. I describe the phonological and morphological properties of base nouns. This leads to the observation of morphological niches, where the presence of a particular suffix in the base attracts a particular adjectival suffix. In addition, I show that one adjective may simultaneously entertain a derivational relation with more than one member of its morphological These observations finally lead me to question the view that derivation is binary and strictly oriented, and more specifically that each denominal adjective is associated with a unique base. I propose to analyze the formation of denominal adjectives in terms of cumulative patterns recording regularities that may be observed in a set of lexemes of any size. I thus show that adjectives participate in networks relying on more than two elements. At a more abstract level, I observe that patterns rely on sonne recurrent semantic relations
Bouillon, Pierrette. "Polymorphie et semantique lexicale : le cas des adjectifs." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070054.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to present a treatment of adjectival polymorphism in the semi-polymorphic framework of generative lexicon (pustejovsky, 1995). Taking as an example mental state and agent-oriented adjectives, and the case of "vieux", the work shows that polymorphism is not infinite. In particular, it can be predicted given adequate tools, namely rich typed representations and mechanisms to compose them. For each classe of adjective, this thesis describes their polymorphic behaviour in details. It is demonstrated that classes present regular alternances, which distinguish them from other adjectival classes, that these alternances can be predicted from their semantic representation (the qualia structure) and that the representations explain their grammatical behaviour
Noman, Mohammed. "Les rôles de l'adjectif épithète en français moderne." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131001.
Full textValetopoulos, Freiderikos. "Les adjectifs prédicatifs en grec et en français : de l'analyse syntaxique à l'élaboration des classes sémantiques." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131008.
Full textTraditionally, linguists distinguished two types of adjective: attributive and relational. However, it is easy to demonstrate that this simplified distinction cannot clearly account for the properties of adjectives. I propose an alternative analysis. I differentiate six functions on the basis of their morphosyntactic properties: predicative adjectives, classifiers, modifiers, restrictive modifiers, argument adjectives, and relational adjectives. I have two distinct, but related, purposes: first, to establish a set of criteria to characterize predicative adjectives, such as the construction N0 ine: be Adj, determiner spreading, etc. Second to establish a semantic categorization of these adjectives. This research has been carried out in the theoretical framework of object classes
Charnavel, Isabelle. "Compositionnalité et réflexivité : anaphores, focus et adjectifs relationnels." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066466.
Full textAhn, Geun-Jong. "Dérivation des adjectifs suffixes par – eux : sens et rôles thématiques." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100200.
Full textThis thesis is about the derivation of French adjectives that involve the suffix - eux. Inside the theoretical frame of the derivational morphology, it proposes a thematic approach based on the localistic point of view to analyze the general sense of the - eux suffixed adjectives. The semantic analysis of these adjectives is supported by the results of studies coming from the lexique-grammar
Dagnet, Sévrine. "Le nom dans les grammaires françaises des XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles : définitions, classements et détermination." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA034/document.
Full textStudying the noun, the subject of interdisciplinary study, may seem commonplace, especially in the grammatical sphere. Nevertheless, we will start from the assumption that the work of 17th and 18th-century theorists, who vacillated between a study of French based on that of Latin, and a desire for emancipation, is of definite interest. Three problems stand out in this body of work.The first concerns the general treatment of the parts of speech, a Greco-Roman heritage to which grammarians were forced to adapt, dealing with difficulties of collection and definitions. We seek to understand how the substantive noun / adjective noun subdivision is justified by almost all authors and what particular link the first has with the verb in speech. The second type of question, which addresses both morphological and semantic-syntactic classifications of the noun, leads us to wonder, among other things, about the theorisation of accidents of gender and number. However, it is above all the paradox of the abstract noun, a substantive noun that refers to something without “substance”, which will be the focus of most of our discussion.The last aspect looks at determination by the article, an occurrence lacking legitimacy, which alone raises three theoretical difficulties. We ask ourselves what the occurrence’s status is in the parts of speech (autonomous class? Adjective or pronoun category?). What is its role with respect to the noun and what do we mean by definite, indefinite and partitive article? Last, how did the treatment of the article lead to a general discussion of determination in the 18th century?
Sklavoúnou, Elisávet. "Etude comparée de la nominalisation des adjectifs en grec moderne et en français." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081290.
Full textOur study is based on transformational grammar (zeilig harris, 1968) and consists in describing syntactically adjectives' nominalization in modern greek following the theoretical framework developed by maurice gross (1975). We are studying in an explicit way, in elementary sentences, the syntactic relations between nominal and adjectival constructions, on support verb, morphologically related and semantically synonymous. We are making remarks on the syntactical behaviour of adjectives in nominalization structures in modern greek and in french (a. Meunier, 1981), on distributional and transformational basis. Our work is divided in five parts. In the introduction we are presenting the adjectival construction in modern greek, in the first part we are presenting the criteria of selection used for the constitution of our corpus. In the second part we are studying the distributional properties of the entries of our lexicon-grammar. The syntactic description of the adjectival and nominal constructions are presented in the third part. The syntactical description of constructions sharing specific properties is the subject of the fourth part. We establish the tables of the lexicon-grammar of adjectives' nominalization in modern greek where are described the constructions according to their syntactic category: anpn (constructions with a facultative prepositional complement), anpn2 (constructions with an obligatory prepositional complement) ancaus (causative constructions) ansy (symmetrical constructions) table anhq (constructions with a phrasal subject), an(intransitive constructions) aneut (constructions operating conversion) and the list anapp (constructions on appropriate nouns with an obligatory modifier). In the fifth part we are presenting our remarks on the relation between the syntax, the morphology and the translation of these constructions
Meydan, Métiyé. "Transformations des constructions verbales et adjectivales : élaboration du lexique-grammaire des adjectifs déverbaux." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070045.
Full textIn this work, we study the transformational relations between adjectival and verbal constructions in a syntactic approach. For example, a verbal sentence such as : ce travail fatigue luc is in relation with the following adjectival sentence : ce travail est fatigant pour luc. This study is composed of three parts. We, first, describe the characteristics of this type of adjectives and we deal with different problems such as the collection of these adjectives, the description of their syntactic properties etc. The second part includes the chapters 3 and 4, in which we describe the similarities and the differences between the two constructions. Syntactic and transformational regularities appear but they are not systematic, thus the construction of the lexicon-grammar of these adjectives is necessary. In the third part, which contains chapters 5 abd 6, we describe adjectival constructions that have an appropriate noun in subject position (la silhouette de line est elancee). First, we classify these nouns according to semantic criteria, then we investigate the properties of the constructions obtained with different transformations, i. E. , a nominal sentence containing a support verb (line a une silhouette elancee), a sentence in which the subject is restructurated (line est elancee de silhouette) and a metonymical sentence (line est elancee)
You, Eun Soon. "Le Traitement des unités lexicales polysémiques (l'adjectif et le verbe) : vers un système de traduction automatique." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1014.
Full textOur thesis has for objective the processing of the polysemic adjective applicable to the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and particularly to automatic translation (French-Korean). The various meaning of the lexicon used in the stock market generates several different semantic interpretations and therefore several translations. To resolve this problem in NLP, we propose a disambiguisation model making use of co-textual information and more particularly the noun. The latter forms a noun clause with the adjective thus allowing one to remove the semantic ambiguity of the adjective and determine its correct meaning. The co-textual hints that we have used are the following: the syntactic order of the adjective, the property of the noun and the semantic class to which the noun belongs. Our work consists in attributing to each polysemic adjective selected the co-textual information mentioned above so that the machine can find its correct meaning. The methodology can be generalized to other parts of speech, we have already applied it to the verb and its co-text, the noun
Alkahtani, Mansour. "Une représentation sémantico-syntaxique des adjectifs prédicatifs en arabe et en français et leur traduction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2128.
Full textTraditionally, we distinguish three parts of the speech in the Arabic language: the name, the verb and the particle. The adjective is considered a subclass of the noun category. But if we observe well theses two parts, we realize that this partition does not allow to account for the characteristics the separate them. We have therefore proposed a new classification by considering the adjective as a category itself. Then we studied its different functions: restrictive adjectives, state complement and predictive adjectives. However, our main interest remains the predictive adjectives. We have proposed some properties of these adjectives. The second point concerns the semantic classification of predictive adjectives which is part of the objet class model, in line with Z. S. Harris’s transformational grammar. This method allows us to construct semantic classes of predictive adjectives based on syntactic criteria for automatic processing
Ih, Tchahng-soun. "La place des adjectifs épithètes dans les premiers textes français jusqu'à la Chanson de Roland." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040111.
Full textThe predilection for the front of noun of the attributive adjective is one of the characteristic features of the noun syntax in the old French. So it is the predilection for the front of noun of the attributive adjective in the old French, that they wanted to explain with the Germanic influence or the Latin language. But according to our study, one clear characteristic feature was found. It is that "some" of the attributive adjectives could be contributed to the proportion of relatively strong percentage to the front of noun in the oldest French texts
Bark, Myung-Sook. "Étude sur l'adjectif qualificatif dans le théâtre de Molière." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040112.
Full textOur study, being about the qualifying adjectives used by the dramatic characters in moliere's play, is divided into the following three sections. First of all, we are studying moliere's adjectives as a product of their time, just as moliere's theater is. These are the eminently social elements of the language which contain the taste, the ideas and the values of society from that time. In the second part of our analysis, we are trying to study the adjectives as a stylistic way of conveying expressiveness, without having necessarily locate them in the context of the xviie century. In the last part, the adjectives are analysed as elements where the natureor the dramatic fonctions of the character are reflected. Particularly in the field of love, the character's constant use of conventional adjectives makes, whatever the theme of the play is concerned with, foreseeable
Ito, Tatsuya. "Interaction en jeu dans la variation sémantique des unités morpho-lexicales : deux études de cas : l'adjectif bon en français et sa reduplication en japonais." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100015.
Full textGarnier, Isabelle. "L'épithète et la connivence : écriture concertée dans un corpus de textes évangéliques français (1523-1534)." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040159.
Full textThe language of a group contains precise signs revealing shared convictions : the study of a coherent corpus of twenty texts of religious literature (1523-1534) will make apparent common features of evangelical writing. The adjective chosen as entry point of the analysis for its logico-semantic value attests writer's subjectivity as well as a precise position on theological themes. Adjectives, belonging to significant paradigms referring to main issues (faith, doctrine) are spread in the texts according to rhetoric amplification (repetition, antithesis, emphasis) for argumentative purpose. The frequency of their use in originals and their insertion in translations prove that epithets place the discourse in a definite production context and create connivance between the Evangelicals
Adeniyi, Emmanuel. "Sémantique de l'adjectif qualificatif en français et apprentissage du FLE : étude de cas : les apprenants anglophones du village français du Nigéria." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1016.
Full textFrench as a foreign language was taught in Nigeria, as an optional subject in secondary schools in the 1950s before being made compulsory about 10 years ago (1998). For economic, political and social reasons, Nigeria decided to develop teaching and learning of French language at secondary and tertiary levels. Many students study it to become teachers or work in other related fields. Every student must register for a linguistic perfection programme in Nigeria French Language Village (NFLV), an Inter University Centre for French Studies before getting a degree. As a lecturer, we noticed that they have difficulties in grammar, which is the basis for acquisition and proper use of any given language. Analysing these difficulties and proposing new approaches can help them express themselves better in French. This Thesis analyses difficulties in the use of qualitative adjectives and proposes a better way of teaching and grammar acquisition in French at NFLV in particular and in other French departments in Nigeria. Finally, it corroborates other researches already done on the teaching of French in NFLV, while shedding light on the problem of in service training of lecturers
Enzinger, Claire. "Emergence des adjectifs dans le langage de l'enfant en français et en anglais : Etude de 3 cas." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030157/document.
Full textAdjectives have not always had good press among writers, as they may reflect a distorted prose. Researchers in early lexical development currently regard adjectives as problematic: they may well emerge late in child language, and comprise a small portion of the lexicon. However, we argue that it is precisely this property, along with their subjective stance, which makes adjectives relevant for research. Given that their choice is non obligatory, both on the paradigmatic axis (for attributive adjectives) and on the syntagmatic one (determinative and classifying functions excluded), these markers may help reveal the speaker’s sensory, perceptual and mental worlds. Using a theoretical approach at the crossroads of the French enunciative and the Anglo-Saxon usage-based theories, the data of three children speaking French, English, and bilingual French English, were analysed. We first tracked how their inventories developed until their fourth birthday, the range during which considerable variations occur. These perspectives were then broadened to encompass other categories so as to further understand how the adjectival category develops within this larger system. The environmental properties that might have an impact on the children’s behaviour were examined in detail. The results show that children first use properties anchored in immediate perceptions, while their parents favour more abstract properties, often expressing affect. The English speaking dyad uses significantly more affective adjectives than the other dyads. Adjectives emerge a few months after the first conventional words, and remain a low frequency category (4% of the lexicon in average)
Abdellatif, Emir. "Classification sémantico-syntaxique des adjectivaux prédicatifs." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131005.
Full textComputationnal linguistics have questioned former studies on fixation. Indeed, it has become essential to describe set expressions given their frequency in texts. This study sets about examining predicate adjectivals in this setting. Taking object classes as a model, a semantico-syntactic typology has been worked out for these sequences. The final objective of our analysis is to create an electronic dictionary of predicate adjectivals. This dissertation communicates three essential points: fixation of adjectivals, their definitions and their classification based on common distributional properties
Gradu, Diana. "Récurrences des adjectifs chez Chrétien de Troyes : démarche stylistique et étude des mentalités." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040241.
Full textThe analysis of the recurrences of the qualifying adjective in Chrétien de Troyes' work starts with a quantitative approach, meant to enable us to perform a qualitative examination of the unit announced by the title. The methodological principles applied are structural and comparative. On the one hand, it is a matter of isolating the adjective in the recurrent structures of Chrétien's poetical language and, on the other hand, of comparing – from the same viewpoint – his novels. Our research related to the functions of the qualifying adjective is the grammatical component of our work. What was at stake here was to prove the originality of this 12th century author, across the literary language of his time. The three aspects – namely the literary techniques, the use of highly recurrent adjectives and the symbolic dimensions of the adjectives – correspond to the leading ideas of the second part of the study. The dynamics of the Middle Ages mentalities is emphasized by the functioning of the qualifying adjective. Chrétien remains faithful to the techniques established by his predecessors and his originality is given by the sequence of units and by the creation of a different medieval world. The Appendixes are, according to us, indispensable for our critical approach, since they represent the corpus
Gushchina, Olga. "Du "bébé surprise" aux "années bonheur" : les constructions (article) + substantif + substantif en français moderne." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040124.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the model (Article) + Noun + Noun in modern French (e. G. : la percée Bayrou, un enfant-ciment, des conseillers clientèle). The research builds on a review of the classification of models N1 + N2, proposed by Michèle Noailly in Le Substantif épithète (1990). We develop a semantic-syntactic classification that includes the Noailly’s four types like groups-prototypes (qualification, complementation, coordination, identification). Then we prove that many of the examples collected has an opaque structure that combines features of two or even three types handled by M. Noailly. One way to simplify taxonomy is proposed, it will bring out the operation of the model in pragmatic. This final classification changes categories of M. Noailly and highlights the process of labeling. Our study is illustrated by a large body of novels, from categorical base type of items Frantext and from personal collection (press, literature, TV, speech and written French)
Henkel, Daniel. "L'adjectif en anglais et en français : Syntaxe, Sémantique et Traduction." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040185.
Full textThe argument put forward herein is that a quantitative parallel study of a linguistic phenomenon is bettersuited to the comparative study of two linguistic systems than the observation of the same phenomenon intranslation. The adjectival categories in English and French were studied in such a manner. Common criteriafor identification were first defined from a typological perspective. Then, in two bilingual corpora oftranslated texts of around 10,000 words each, around 1,800 NPs were manually inventoried and labeled ineach language either as having no attributive or predicative adjective, or one or more attributive adjectives, orone or more predicative adjectives, or both at the same time. Other contextual parameters (determiner,syntactic function of the NP, presence of prepositions or relative clauses in the NP, marks of intensity,semantic class of the noun) were manually inventoried as well. Two predominantly literary corpora of around5 million words in each language were collected using common criteria, and tagged with part of speechlabels. Regex searches were used to evaluate the predisposition for attributive or predicative function, andsensitivity to intensifiers of each adjective. The quantitative parallel study of adjectives revealedconvergences between English and French regarding the interactions with determiners, divergences in regardto prepositions, as well as a statistical correlation between the compatibility with predicative function andreceptivity to intensifiers. None of these tendencies
Chovanova, Iveta. "Morphologie constructionnelle du slovaque et éléments de comparaison avec le français : les adjectifs dénominaux construits par composition et dérivation." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN21015/document.
Full textIn this corpus-based study, we are concerned with the formation of two types of denominal adjectives in Slovak: adjectives suffixed with -ský (NskýA) and compound adjectives formed by an adjective and a noun (ANA). The obtained results are verified and tested in two surveys conducted with Slovak native speakers. The Slovak morphological constructions and compared with semantically equivalent expressions in French. The formation of ANA (MODROOKÝA "blue-eyed") obeys a set of three types of semantic constraints : (i) between ANA and the Head-Noun (HdN), e.g. modrookéA dievcaHdN "blue-eyed girl", (ii) between the noun-component (N) and the HdN (OKON "eye" et dievca "girl"), and (iii) between the adjective-component (A) and the N (MODRÝA "blue" et OKON "eye"). An ANA refers to an inherent property of an individual denoted by HdN. The interpretation in force is a Part-Whole Relation: the N denotes a constitutive and visible part of the concrete entity referred to by the HdN. The suffixation by means of -ský applies mainly to proper nouns denoting either a portion of space (toponym) or a human (anthroponym). In Slovak, the semantic interpretation of an NskýA adjective is normally the same as that of the base noun. Toponymic adjectives like LIBANONSKÝA "lebanese" can refer to the geographical space as well as to the inhabitants of this space. Only the HdN's semantic value is able to disambiguate the meaning of such a toponymic NskýA. As for anthroponymic NskýA like STALINSKÝA "stalinien", they are likely to appear, besides the relational use, i.e. "concerning Stalin", in qualifying contexts: "comparable to Staline"
Ben, Hariz Ouenniche Soundous. "Le fonctionnement de la néologie sémantique." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_ben_hariz.pdf.
Full textLignon, Stéphanie. "La suffixation en ̱ien : aspects sémantiques et phonologiques." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20089.
Full textBohui, Djedje Hilaire. "Forme et fonction de l'expression du haut degré dans deux oeuvres d'Ahmadou Kourouma." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20079.
Full textFar from the oecumenical celebration and the negritudian idealization of pre-colonial africa on the one hand, and the worship of formal franch language made from writers of his generation on the other hand, kourouma elaborates a new and deliberately inconoclastic and novelistic aesthetics in his novels. Half-way between oral tradition and classical novel writing, kouroumian aesthetics is embeded in an enunciative problematic. If the ultimate goal of this study is the expression of high degree, our approch is double-sided : showing the influence of oral tradition on the novelist's writing through his excessive use of hyperbole in the narration ; showing, by the description of linguistic expressiveness mechanism, in general, how the essential concern of the quest for a discursive credibility is solved. Among other subjects, we deal here with the frame of kouroumian aesthetics, that is, the problem of linguistic interferences and peculiarities, the problem of synonyms, polysemy and lexical creation. Un other words, without pretending to be exhaustive, this linguistic and semantic study intends to answer the questions of expressive and affective syntax, of grammar and, above all, of psychological and socio-cultural conditions of enunciation
Fohlin, Maria. "L'adverbe dérivé modifieur de l'adjectif : Étude comparée du français et du suédois." Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2390.
Full textVenant, Fabienne. "Représentation et calcul dynamique du sens : exploration du lexique adjectival du français." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067902.
Full textMazaleyrat, Hélène. "Vers une approche linguistico-cognitive de la polysémie : Représentation de la signification et construction du sens." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545777.
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