Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Français (langue) – Détachement (linguistique)'
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Pagani-Naudet, Cendrine. "La dislocation du XIIe au XVIIe siècle : histoire d'un procédé de style : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2027.
Full textDislocation is described as an emphasis process, obtained by separating and repeating as a pronoun an essential component of the sentence. Though it is now acknowledged as a typical feature of oral and colloquial language, dislocation belongs to the most ancient heritage of our literature. The practice and reception of dislocation mainly depend on the grammatical context caused by the redundancy phenomena from the XVIIth century onwards. Fluctuating between mistake and literary device, that structure will not be the subject of a syntactical analysis until the end of the XXth century. Dislocation seems impossible to reduce to a strictly formal description, as its identification mainly lies on intuition. That is the reason why our study intends to reconsider literary past of dislocation, to recount its history, a history wich is in touch with the evolution of the language, the development of grammatical reflection, but also with the building of the linguistic feeling
Terran, Élise. "Le cadrage temporel en français." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030093.
Full textTemporal framing is a textual cohesion factor, which optionally occurs, besides others processes. The framing operation consists in setting before a clause a tem-poral adverbial, whose referent turns into a criterion meant to divide the informa-tion up : it includes several clauses in one textual unit. Yet, temporal adverbials do not all assume a textual function : they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this tempo-ral reference represent the frame's referential scope. But time and its nature sometimes prevent the interval from being the only parting criterion in the text : it often combines with events or thematic matters, for the textual unit to be com-plete. Then, the referential scope is interrupted, and at its end, the textual unit is subjected to the frame's federating effect only
Delort, Laurence. "L'expression des relations temporelles dans le discours : explication et formalisation de quelques emplois de "avant"." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070084.
Full textDiscourse interpretation depends, in big part, on recognition of relations between described eventualities. Among these relations, we propose to investigate temporal precedence and one of its lexical marker : the preposition AVANT (BEFORE in English) when it appears within sentences PI AVANT P2, where PI and P2 are two syntactic clauses. Corpora display several of these sentences where AVANT P2 isn't a temporal locating adverbial, which is the standard analysis. The goal of this thesis is twofold. First, from a descriptive point of view, we want to explain why some sentences PI AVANT P2 can't be analysed in a traditional way, and to give the semantic, enunciative and discursive factors of unusual interpretations of these sentences. Then, from a formal point of view, we want to give an account of these distinct interpretations within a theory of discourse representation (as « Discourse Representation Theory » or « Segmented Discourse Representation Theory »), and to put forward their effects on discourse structure
Lauze, Audrey. "Les formes composées du mode indicatif en français." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30080.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on compound forms of indicative mood in French language. Its objective is to jointly study the compound forms on the basis of a common signified in language. To achieve this, the first part of my thesis investigates different theories, more or less contemporary, which propose a definition of verb tenses and in particular, of compound form. Developing the research comments, I present an analytical framework for the compound form, inspired by monosemous approach to tenses. In the second part, based on a corpus composed of discourse originating from the French literature, the media world as well as from internet, the value of each compound form in language is confronted with its multiple use in discourse. The analyses reveal little by little a common signified to all the compound forms of indicative mood in French
Harroum, Bechir. "Relations anaphoriques en arabe et en français." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070032.
Full textThis study based on the generative grammar theory made possible the investigation of several syntactic facts : the first chapter analyses the most debated question in standard modern arabic. I consider that the order vso, chosen by arab grammairiens, does not explain sevral syntactic phenomena (no total agreement between grammatical features of the subject and those of the verb etc. ). These facts could have an adequate solution if the basic order svo is chosen. The second chapter debates interrogative expressions : transformational and not transformational. The third chapter examines the reflexive constructions. Arabic language offers two types of structures : with the lexical reflexive and the affixe reflexive. The forth chapter debates the anaphoric relations. I proposed to analyse locative prepositions as operators. His argument (subject) is without phonetic form (=pro) controled either by the subject or by the object of the principal sentence. The fifth chapter is allowed to passive constructions. Two approches are discussed : 1) non paradigmatic one (in opposition with traditional analysis), 2) non transformational
Kim, Hye-Ren. "Etude comparative du causatif (français et coréen)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040002.
Full textThis comparative study deals with two domains which,at first glance,appear to be antithetical : typology and research upon the universals of language. .
Piot, Mireille. "Composition transformationnelle de phrases par subordination et coordination." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070019.
Full textThis study presents a transformational analysis of adverbial subordinate clauses in French based on a systematic and exhaustive classification of all relevant items. We analyse syntactic- semantic phenomena concerning four classes of subordinating conjunctions (in addition to the first four classes presented in our earlier PHD thesis, 1978). We examine, by comparison, co-ordination and also studying a ninth class of double conjunctions (most of them are coordinating). We present here a set of about 400 conjunctions studied in the framework of lexico-grammar (M. Gross). Methodology is based on Z. S. Harris’ transformational and discourse analysis (1968,1970,1975). To summary, we observe: 1)required parallelism between sentences of three classes of subordinating conjunctions and the double conjunctions one (parallelism may concern conjunction and or sentences structure, and or the semantic information in sentences. 2)there is no one category of subordinating conjunctions but all these items are divided into two different complement types. 3)the status of primary sentence is showed by the deletion and pro-morpheme order in complex sentences. 4)in some constructions, we observe a change in the status of particular items between subordination and coordination: in such cases the syntactic properties are completely opposite and there is no continuum. In conclusion, this study represents the basic syntactic-semantic rules of discourse analysis and propositions for pedagogical tools and automatic analysis of texts
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle. "Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain : à la croisée du passé simple et de l’imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts «± potentiel » et « ± défini »." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141/fr/.
Full textA formal analysis of the verbal endings in the indicative mode draws special attention to the combination of two morphemes, [Ø/(±R)] and [Ø/(ai/a)]. Thus, the conditional and future tenses differ from the other indicative tenses in that they share the +R morpheme – and it can be postulated that it is also shared by the infinitive. Furthermore, they differ from one another in the opposition between ai and a, which also differentiates the imperfect tense from the past historic when it is combined with the morpheme –R. This statement sheds light on the relationship between the various indicative “tenses”. Indeed, taking into account a further opposition allows the predominance of temporality in analyses of “tenses” in the indicative to be questioned while focusing on the deconstruction of the value combinations. Thus, the analysis allows the diversity of meanings to be accounted for and at the same time avoids a too large panel of temporal, modal or aspectual explanations according to the context. The first part of the doctoral thesis turns on the relationship between the morphological analysis and the various formal studies that have been undertaken on the future and the conditional tenses. In a second part, in a confrontation with the already existing conceptual studies on the infinitive, the past historic, the imperfect tense, the future and the conditional, we will explore the semantic side of the hypothesis that states that there is a combination of a ±R morpheme with an ai/a morpheme. Such a hypothesis compels us to characterize the semantic value of the ±R morpheme on the one hand – the ± potential concept will be associated with it – and on the other hand, to redefine the opposition between the imperfect tense and the past historic, since it is this very opposition that can be found in the future/conditional pair – the ± definite concept will then be suggested. Taking into account the combination of the two semantic features enables us to undermine complexity in utterances whose richness is only equalled by their diversity
Laberge, Annie, and Annie Laberge. "Le rôle des constructions détachées participiales dans la cohérence textuelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37891.
Full textProtocole d'entente entre l'Université Laval et l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
L’enseignement de l’écriture est un souci constant dans le milieu académique, de l’école secondaire aux études supérieures, et quand on parle de rédiger un texte, plusieurs questions sont soulevées. Quels outils sont à notre disposition pour réaliser une rédaction? Qu’est-ce qui fait qu’un texte est cohérent? Comment accompagner l’étudiant dans sa démarche? Sur quels critères baser la correction du travail rédactionnel? Dans ce mémoire, afin de mettre en lumière certains aspects délicats du processus d’écriture, nous avons voulu clarifier la fonction d’une structure spécifique : la construction détachée participiale (CD part). Nous pensons en effet que cette construction joue un rôle à trois niveaux de structuration du texte définis par Gagnon (1998, 2003, 2008, 2015), soit au niveau référentiel, informatif et événementiel. Nous étudierons donc les participes présents détachés dans le cadre théorique de Gagnon, soit celui de la cohérence textuelle, à ces trois niveaux d’arrimage. La majorité des études sur les CD ont été faites sur des corpus de scripteurs experts (textes informatifs et littéraires) mais dans ce travail, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser majoritairement aux textes produits par des étudiants, et ce, afin de mieux cerner l’utilisation réelle de cette construction et de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour l’améliorer. Nous verrons qu’utiliser une CD requiert plusieurs connaissances textuelles, liées aux trois arrimages visés : respecter la règle de coréférence, peu présente à l’oral, réaliser un enchaînement pertinent au plan informatif en plaçant, de préférence, l’information de la CD au second plan du texte et enfin, être conscient de la relation établie entre la CD et la proposition principale. Nous espérons que mieux comprendre le rôle des CD participiales permettra de mieux les maîtriser et, par le fait même, de mettre en lumière certains éléments essentiels à connaître dans la démarche rédactionnelle. De ce fait, les enjeux de notre recherche sont doubles : linguistique et didactique.
L’enseignement de l’écriture est un souci constant dans le milieu académique, de l’école secondaire aux études supérieures, et quand on parle de rédiger un texte, plusieurs questions sont soulevées. Quels outils sont à notre disposition pour réaliser une rédaction? Qu’est-ce qui fait qu’un texte est cohérent? Comment accompagner l’étudiant dans sa démarche? Sur quels critères baser la correction du travail rédactionnel? Dans ce mémoire, afin de mettre en lumière certains aspects délicats du processus d’écriture, nous avons voulu clarifier la fonction d’une structure spécifique : la construction détachée participiale (CD part). Nous pensons en effet que cette construction joue un rôle à trois niveaux de structuration du texte définis par Gagnon (1998, 2003, 2008, 2015), soit au niveau référentiel, informatif et événementiel. Nous étudierons donc les participes présents détachés dans le cadre théorique de Gagnon, soit celui de la cohérence textuelle, à ces trois niveaux d’arrimage. La majorité des études sur les CD ont été faites sur des corpus de scripteurs experts (textes informatifs et littéraires) mais dans ce travail, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser majoritairement aux textes produits par des étudiants, et ce, afin de mieux cerner l’utilisation réelle de cette construction et de proposer des pistes de réflexion pour l’améliorer. Nous verrons qu’utiliser une CD requiert plusieurs connaissances textuelles, liées aux trois arrimages visés : respecter la règle de coréférence, peu présente à l’oral, réaliser un enchaînement pertinent au plan informatif en plaçant, de préférence, l’information de la CD au second plan du texte et enfin, être conscient de la relation établie entre la CD et la proposition principale. Nous espérons que mieux comprendre le rôle des CD participiales permettra de mieux les maîtriser et, par le fait même, de mettre en lumière certains éléments essentiels à connaître dans la démarche rédactionnelle. De ce fait, les enjeux de notre recherche sont doubles : linguistique et didactique.
Bastürk, Mehmet. "La négation en français et en turc contemporains." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030198.
Full textThe aime of this thesis is the study of the operation of negation which is realized by marquers in the contemporary french and turkish from point of view syntaxico-semantic, enonciatif and intonational. Apart from introduction and general conclusion, it includes six chapters. The first chapter is consacrated to the principal characteristics of the turkish language. The second and the third chapters are about of the study of marquers of negation of the nominal predicate "degil=ne pas etre" and "yok=ne pas (y) avoir", at their combination with the aspecto-enonciatif marks. The fourth chapter is consacrated to the study of -ma-=ne pas+v", negation of process and its combination with all the aspecto-temporal marks. The fifth chapter analyse the expression of the negation by the suffixal marquer "-suz=sans". The sixth and the last chapter traite the indefinite pronoun which require, except "artik=ne plus", the usage of the marquer of negation in the uternace. All of them are defined, except "artif", such as the expression of the dead end operation parcours
Nurlu, Muammer. "L'interrogation directe en turc et en français contemporains." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030092.
Full textThe aim of this study is to address the issue of interrogation by comparing the use of questions in french and in turkish. We have limited the scope of our analysis to the study of direct questions, and we deal here with the variety to turkish spoken in turkeu. Our analysis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is is devoted to a description of the general features of the turkish languag; the second chapter is a general survey of recent work done in france on the issue of interrogation; our third chapter deals with the analysis of wh-questions: in this section we have focused upon the use of interrogative pronouns, adjectives and adverbs, and elliptical questions; our fourth chapter is concerned with yes no questions: in this sectuib we address the issue of interrogative alternatives (a or b) questions, secondary markers of interrogation, oriented questions and modalizers; then the use of questions and pseudo-questions in discours contexts is discussed in chapter 5. Our aim was to analyse both interrogation in general and the use of interrogative morphemes. We therefore have been led to study each kind of morpheme (interrogative particles, secondary markers of interrogations, interrogative pronoms, interrogative adjectives, interrogative adverbs, exclamation) in turn; this has allowed us not to over-generalize our assumptions, which would have been quite hzardous to do when with turkish, as far a turkish is concerned, the amound of analyzed date one disposes of
Kouliev, Rachid. "Temps et texte en français." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39001.
Full textSerme, Jérôme. "Un exemple de resistance a l'innovation lexicale : les "archaismes" du francais regional." Lyon 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1998/jserme.
Full textThe regional vocabulary of french is partly made up of words that used to be part of the standard variety of that language; in the course of the evolution, they have disappeared except in geographically restricted usages, where they have been maintained. This resistance to lexical change in peripheral varieties of french appears to be connected with the presence of contact languages in the very areas where those words, now archaic in standard french, have been maintained. The majority of those languages - replaced by french -, belong to the same linguistic sub-group as french(the gallo-rom ance group) and therefore share strong lexical affinities. Very often, words that have been lost by french in the course of its evolution have been retained by its kin languages. Those languages are known to exert an influence on the varieties of french spoken in the same areas as them, and in our case slow down the evolution of regional french. The lexical affinities between those languages and french have enabled, as a substratum effect, certain lexical items to be preserved in regional french, whereas those items have disappeared in the standard variety which was not under this conservative influence. Language contact can sometimes act as a brake upon evolution
Amourette, Céline. "L'expression du temps et de l'aspect dans les formes non conjuguées du français." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL475.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the expression of time (absolute and / or relative) and aspect (lexical and / or grammatical) in non-conjugated forms of contemporary French. This work is studied in the fields of temporal semantics. Its aims is to demonstrate that temporality and non-conjugated forms are not two incompatible fields. The main question is : how are time and aspect, the two categories specific to the verb, expressed linguistically in non-conjugated forms ? The calculatory model of time and aspect as described by L. Gosselin has served as a theoretical framework for this study. The principal point dealt with here are : implicit predications, adjectives classed as temporal, impersonal verb forms ( present participle, gerund) and the temporal value of nominal syntagms. Temporality-relative time-temporal reference-non-conjugated forms-implicit predications
Wang, Hye-Suk. "La détermination nominale en français et en coréen." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040356.
Full textThis study is devoted to the research on nominal determination in french, in the enunciative psychomecanic. Throughj the underlining of the ambiguity and variety of the notion of determination, we distinguished determiners in terms of extensity and extension according to the way they modify the noun : formal determiners and material determiners. Korean is a language without articles in which the system of demonstratives is compound (i, geu, jeo) : on the other hand french is binary. Evergthing depends on the distinction made by the speaker. The respective effects of the two articles (un, le) are the expression of the genberic and of the particular, according tonthe speaker's aim in a given situation. In korean, in certain conditions, two particles play the part of thearticle, which also determines the context
Sakagami, Ruriko. "Fonctionnement de quelques connecteurs temporels en français : représentation de relations aspecto-temporelles inter-propositionnelles en vue d'un traitement informatique." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040030.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis consists in a calculation of aspectual and temporal semantic values (succession, simultaneity, precedency, enclosure, etc. ) Which some French tenses of the indicative mode express, with the help of compatible method of computer processing that has recourse to linguistic knowledge. The background theoretical approach is applicative and cognitive grammar. This grammatical model tries to represent aspectual and temporal semantic values in the form of intervals, a metalanguage based on general topology. We have chosen as objects of study about ten of the temporal conjunctives (quand, lorsque, alors que, depuis que, etc. ). They are observed frequently in current use as connecting markers for two clauses, each of them containing a tense. To achieve the purpose, this study aims at clearing the syntactic and semantic function of temporal conjunctives, at taking invariables out of some French expressions and at proposing about one hundred heuristic rules that are ready to be implemented
Adam, Paul. "Ouverture et cohérence : la fonction de l'indéfinition en français." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1032.
Full textThe use of the neutral form has declined to some extent in French, even though in French the number of linguistic words which are to some degree " neuter ", and even " indefinite " is important. Furthermore, we consider that the neuter concept is an important part of the syntactic coherence of our language. This coherence is backed up by yhe dimension of openness to the extent some phrases qualified as being neutral stand semantically for an absence, a vacuum which cannot be aesily qualified but still exists. Our approach is based on three items : the impersonnal intrduced by the use of Il; the neutral demonstrativ pronoun Ça; the " middle " with se. Above all, our objective will be to analyse and index the syntactic and semantic values of these linguistic items by processing their mechanisms in order to bring out their inner grammatical building process and check if one has to deal with a specific form of " support "
Yoshida-Leurs, Keiko. "Exclamation en français contemporain." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20019.
Full textThe aim of this study is to have a more detailed look on the exclamation form, a form which has actually a more marginal place. In dead, the exclamation is less studied and wretched defined. The semantic and morphological ressemblance to other kinds of expression has guided some linguists to think, that the exclamation is a kind of appendage of other modalities. The exploration of school grammars of the years between 1920 and 2000, grammars for the great public and grammars for specialists has showed this tendency just as the difference of the approaches. Some grammars and earlier studies show that there are constructions of sentences, which are unable to be neutral which are necessarily interpreted with a value of exclamation and which are impossible to be transformed in questions like each clause of statement can. It refers to forms with undefined articles, expressions of repletion, etc. .
Chagnoux, Marie. "Temporalité et aspectualité dans les textes français : modélisation sémantico-cognitive et traitement informatique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040183.
Full textIn order to render how time and aspect are expressed in texts, it is necessary to consider texts as organized and hierarchised networks of segments. We propose a model of discursive analysis, based on the notion of referential, which make it possible to represent the structure of a text. This model, which may be translated into a graph, is used to identify the various aspectual and temporal values of verbal occurrences in French texts. We also propose a computational system, Chronotexte, which carries automatically the surface semantic analysis of texts by annotating them in an XML format. This system uses the contextual exploration strategy and associates heuristics to organized databases of linguistic markers. It identifies the various referentials, ascribes an aspectual and temporal value to propositions and defines some temporal relationships between these propositions
Dallal-Bachi, Mustapha Issam. "Meme en francais contemporain. Marqueur de cohesion, operateur argumentatif et indicateur d'argumentativite." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN1083.
Full textNakamura, Delloye Yayoi. "Alignement automatique de textes parallèles français - japonais." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070054.
Full textAutomatic alignment aims to match elements of parallel texts. We are interested especially in the implementation of a System which carries out alignment at the clause level. Clause is a beneficial linguistic unit for many applications. This thesis consists of two types of works: the introductory works and those that constitute the thesis core. It is structured around the concept of syntactic clause. The introductory works include an overview of alignment and studies on sentence alignment. These works resulted in the creation of a sentence alignment System adapted to French and Japanese text processing. The thesis core consists of two types of works: linguistic studies and implementations. The linguistic studies are themselves divided into two topics: French clause and Japanese clause. The goal of our French clause studies is to define a grammar for clause identification. For this purpose, we attempted to define a typological classification of clauses, based on formal criteria only. In Japanese studies, we first define the Japanese sentence on the basis of the theme-rheme structure. We then try to elucidate the notion of clause. Implementation works consist of three tasks which finally constitute the clause alignment processing. These tasks are carried out by three separate tools: two clauses identification Systems (one for French texts and one for Japanese texts) and a clause alignment System
Saada, Mahmoud. "La traduction en arabe des déterminants français : étude contrastive." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0020/document.
Full textArabic language is morphologically poorer in determiners than French. This could pose some translation problems. The objective of this work is thus to help translators and those who are involved in teaching/learning translation to overcome these difficulties. Based on a corpus made of a French text and its translation into Arabic, this contrastive study compares the determination systems of French and Arabic. It studies French determiners and their equivalents in Arabic, comments them and formulates generalities. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of complete and incomplete actualization in the translation of the French article. It plays a key role in translating noun phrase (article + noun). If the article is definite for instance, that does not necessarily mean that we should translate in Arabic by a definite noun. This research presents also a number of equivalents in Arabic of French indefinite determiners. Finally, it opens many perspectives for future research: actualization, definites, indefinites and other
Omar, Hameed. "Expressions figées en français et en arabe : étude linguistique comparée." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1002.
Full textAmong the main components of the language which one must acquire to express oneself, in addition to the (single, compound or derived) words, one can find blocs of fixed words with non predictable meaning, commonly known as frozen expressions. To account for the facts of language in connection with frozenness, contemporary linguistics gives particular importance to two fundamental approaches (sometimes in a complementary way). The first is founded on semantic considerations and the second on syntactic ones. Alternatively, the principal objective of this work is to combine the two approaches, while it will further illustrate the idea that frozenness, at the same time, is also a matter of semantic and syntactic aspects. Thus, we will study the semantic and syntactic (transformational, distributional) properties of frozen expressions related to human body, in French and in Arabic. Yet, it will argue that in spite of the universality of the phenomenon of frozenness, each language has its own mechanisms of frozenness and that their nature and their degree vary from one language to another
Svášek, Martin. "Définitions, élaboration et exploitation d'un corpus parallèle bidirectionnel français-tchèque tchèque français." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0020.
Full textAt the beginning the concept of a parallel corpus is defined. French and Czech texts forming the parallel Fratchèque corpus come from literature; only texts after the year 1945 have been selected. Fratchèque is not marked up explicitly by XML tags because the tagging is not necessary for the proper functioning of the corpus manager ParaConc. The building-up of the corpus is thoroughly described following all steps and settings of the software used. The process starts with the optical character recognition program FineReader and, after checking the accuracy of numerical texts by using MS Word 2002, it goes on building up a corpus managed by ParaConc. The linguistic investigations of the thesis rely primarily on the realization of a parallel corpus. The main purpose is to tackle a phenomenon that is known in Czech as částice but has no direct equivalent in French. The most frequent terms used in the French approach are mots du discours and particules énonciatives. The existing descriptions suggest a close relationship between these words and the discourse. It is demonstrated on two Czech částice - přece, vždyt̕ and their variants - using huge Czech corpora (Analysis A) and Fratchèque (Analysis B). The study continues analysing systematically all kind of usage of vždyt̕, přece in order to present lexicographical description for a bilingual Czech-French dictionary. Through some exercices based on the results of the linguistic analysis it is shown how to use the bilingual corpus in teaching foreign languages. Finally, some issues concerning automatic evaluation of translation quality are discussed taking into account the work with částice
Gerbe, Rose-Marie. "Le présent prototypant : contribution à l'étude des appareils formels du français écrit." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39052.
Full textThe present tense can be studied according to a new approach, taking both the formal apparatus and the modal point of view into account, especially when the temporal reference is not relevant. So in some written utterances, which do not have any oral equivalent and are not communication-oriented, the present tense does not refer to any specific situation, whether simultaneous to the speech act or not. It allows, through a co-text and a context, both involved in this "dis-actualization", to refer to a "prototypical" event, not in the semantic sense of the word but in the sense of a "model" : this event, expressed in the present tense, becomes "dis-actualized", unreal but exemplary; it can be realized in many different ways (we can use the locution "paradigmatic reference"). That is why we refer to it as a "prototyping" modality of the present tense, for example in the philosophical examples, legal texts and narrative manuscripts
Kerfelec, Valérie. "L'exclamation : syntaxe, sémantique, pragmatique en anglais et en français." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040148.
Full textThe 'exclamatory examples' given by linguistic and grammatical reference books or even by native speakers when asked are extremely varied in number and quality. This goes well beyond the usual confusions typically brought about by the categories of Traditional Grammar. Eventually one has to admit there exists a wide gap between how confident the speaker feels about naming proper forms and how uncertain the actual contours of the category are. Accordingly the aim of our research is not so much to design a theory of exclamation as to understand the way it functions. This implies investigating the phenomenon without losing sight of the forms that make it up and considering how one proceeds from exclamation to exclamations and exclamatory sentences. The analysis is based on a corpus of 672 examples illustrating all the disparities observed and includes critical reading of past and current literature on the subject. All the forms and hypotheses that can be met with being thus gathered , the analysis tries to select among them or synthesize them. It generalizes whenever possible but is mainly set on discriminating and classifying , so as to come to a better understanding of what exclamation can possibly be both in extension and intention
Qiu, Haiying. "La négation en chinois et en français : étude comparative." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040001.
Full textThis comparative study is an attempts to bring a logico-semantic approch to bear on the way the negative is expressed in chinese and in french. The choice of the appropriate negative form depends on the respective priorities resulting from the specific features of each system. Thus modern chinese is characterized by an interweaving of the negative and the aspectual systems, whereas in french time-aspect and the negative are intirely separate concerns. French, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich morphology and the various negative morphemes can be classified according to the different levels of the sentence to which they roughly correspond, inversely, some of them can function at different levels of the sentence. The comparison reveals both different attention that each language gives to certains problems and similar aspects that might be of use when thinking of the negative as a universal
Lalaire, Louis. "La variation modale dans les subordonnées à temps fini du français moderne." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070080.
Full textBouhlel, Ezzedine. "La fonction sujet et l'indétermination de son référent en français." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1485.
Full textDelen, Nurcan. "Etude des indéfinis en français et en turc contemporain." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H049.
Full textHanon, Suzanne. "Les constructions absolues en français moderne." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040105.
Full textThe absolute constructions, defined as dependent nominal constructions constituted by two terms in a nexal relation (subject and predicate), are here described synchronically on the basis of two modern French sources : a written corpus and a series of oral investigations based on questionnaires. After an up-to-date review of the research on the topic, the present work proceeds to the systematic study of the properties of absolute constructions : internal architecture, possibilities of coordination, prosody, syntax, semantics, lexical features, grammatical functions, etc. Since the absolute constructions are sometimes interchangeable with prepositional phrases, both types of syntactic constructions are described at length. This research has led to a classification of absolute constructions into four types : mobile constructions with a) predicative or b) adverbial value, and constructions with a fixed place as c) essential terms of the sentence or d) embedded in another syntagm
Bachir, Elrufaai Abdel Rahman. "Les besoins d'écrit en français, langue étrangère chez l'étudiant soudanais." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A066.
Full textHoarau, Lucie. "Étude contrastive de la coordination en français et en anglais." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070064.
Full textLee, Kyung-Ae. "La coordination en français et en coréen : essai d'analyse syntaxique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX10042.
Full textCucu, Spita Doina-Paula. "Plans d'organisation du discours : les connecteurs en français et en roumain." Nancy 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN21028.
Full textRecent developments in language research focus not so much on traditional grammar as on the examination of the mental processes the use of language implies, direction approached in the research " Discourse organization plans. The connectors in french and in romanian ". After outlining the itinerary from the grammar-textual projects of the 1970's to the instructional models of the last decade in parallel to the evolution of the concepts of " coherence " and " cohesion ", the author confining this research only to connectors. The overview of the main theoritical or experimental studies concludes with a definition of connectors which does justice to the two particular features of this class of morphemes : categorical heterogeneity and functional homogeneity. From chapter 3 onwards, this study focuses on the discovery of the system of dicursive solidarity represented by connectors through a sequence of practical applications on " mais " and its correspondents in romanian, by means of translation test. What would then be the primary instructional nucleus of the french connector ? And that of its romanian equivalents ? Up to what point can one speak of an equivalence relationship ? In other words, does romanian follow the same mental operations as french ? - These are the questions the author tried to answer. The last part relaunches the discussion with respect to solidarity systems and their interactions. The connectors interact within the sequence they are part of but they also interact with other levels of discourse organization. What follows is a conventionalized game which, far from being deterministic, produces textual convergence or divergence effects that reinforce or decrease the various instructional effects
Filippi, Paul-Michel. "Le français régional de Corse : étude linguistique et sociolinguistique. Pratiques langagières du français en Corse : approche descriptive et problème glottopolitique." Corte, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CORT0011.
Full textThe regional french of corsica is constituted by a group of pronunciation points morpho-syntactical and lexical particularities which proves a contact between french and corsican tongues. Among the young, this contact ends at original speech, the francorse. Sociolinguistic analysis shows in talking behaviours a dialectic of anguish and derision whereby the linguistic community has tried to manage the diglossic conflict. Transcending the present situation requires an examination of glottopolitical parties which govern this situation, and organizing a new pedagogy for french and corsican teaching, and another definition of the corsican tongue statute
Stanojevic, Veran. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms de nombre en français." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070011.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is a formal-semantic treatment of numerals. The syntactic analysis shows that numerals in French seize the position of specifiers of numeral projection. I claim that the numeral projection is enough for a semantic treatment. I analyze three types of approach concerning the interpretation of indefinites: a quantifying approach, a reference one and the approach by ambiguity. I try, within the Generalized Quantifier Theory, to define the difference between bare and modified numerals. The opposition between the total and partial information, shows that numerals are the only indicators of partial information in the model. The treatment of plural phrases introduced by a numeral proves that numerals are not specified as for the opposition collective-distributive. I approach the problem of overgeneration faced by the standard approaches at the treatment of multiple quantification by incorporating in my system the theory of logical form of Beghelli and Stowell
Auran, Cyril. "Prosodie et anaphore dans le discours en anglais et en français : cohésion et attribution référentielle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10086.
Full textBoloh, Yves. "Valeurs modales et références temporelles des temps grammaticaux employés dans un contexte conditionnel." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0324.
Full textThe acquisition of conditional sentences show developmental gaps between the various sets of tenses appearing in the main and the subordinate clauses. Neither the notional development, nor the morphosyntactic complexity, nor the role of the extralinguistic context seem to be able to account for such a delayed acquisition. On the basis of three examples - the range of referents related to simple conditional sentences, the temporal bifunctionality of tenses and the modal complexity of the past conditional tense - it is argued that problem children are faced with at a semantic level is the main factor accounting for the order and the delayed acquisition of conditionals
Mokhtari, Najat. "Étude contrastive de quelques quantifieurs en anglais, en français et en arabe : Approche métaopérationnelle." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA03A005.
Full textKim, Hye-Rim. "Étude du fonctionnement du marqueur "parce que"." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA1004.
Full textLee, Yun Min-Hea. "Sur la négation en français et en coréen (recherche sémantico-logique)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040159.
Full textIn our study of the negation, we try to define the senses and the relations of truth which unite together the negative phrases according to the semantic-logical theory developed by r. Martin. Thus this research consist principally in showing one of the functions in the semantic theory formalized and made clear through the possible logical models of phrases in Korean, referring to the comparable negative phrases in French. In this try, with the help of the notions of possible world and belief world, we can realize pertinently the semantic analysis of the negative phrases in French and in Korean even though these two languages are typologically so far from each other
Djang, Yali. "Le factitif en français et en chinois : aspects linguistique et didactique." Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to describe how the causatif system works in french and chinese. Since the problems, to be described or to be solved, in the two languages are not on the same level, we are obliged to present each of them separately in an analytical manner before we present the real comparison section of the study. In the first section we will mainly try to justify the specific status of the grammaticalized causative construction "faire + infinitive" which, unlike all other constructions "verb + infinitive", form a particular construction in modern french. The following section will begin with a presentation of the ancient chinese causatif which will help us to explain some causative phenomena of chinese today. A description of today's causative chinese will follow which will answer questions concerning the status of the grammaticalized causative operateurs. The comparison section will let us reveal more details on some points which either bring together or split apart the two linguistic systems. This section will also, above all, describe phenomena which would have been neglected in a non-comparative study. Since this thesis has been written in a didactic perspective we will finish by an analysis of existing grammars to bring about how they treat the causatif and to show how insufficient they are
Wang, Xiuli. "La cohésion transphrastique : les compléments locatifs antéposés en chinois et en français." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030043.
Full textSpatial framing is a textual cohesion procedure which occurs before a clause, whose referent turn into means of reference. The spatial adverbials assume a textual function: they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this spatial reference represent the referential scope. Then, these clauses often localizes the state and the affaires trough them to bind the context before and the context after. The point of the reference is regularized and quantified in Chinese and in French. All of the analyses are based on the examples of the Soul's Mountain of Gao Xingjian. This study associate also with the cognitive reflections
Hilal, Milad Moustapha. "Les relations casuelles en français contemporain." Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30049.
Full textCase is a class of conceptual relationship which is logical in order. He can be distinguished from jonction which is syntactic in nature and indicates the syntactic position of a given nominal lexeme in a sentence. Through the following procedure the conceptual case becomes a linguistic case in any given language : word order and prepositions. Modern french has eleven cases : "nominal - ergative, accusative, causal, instrumental, agentive, dative, benefactive, final, locative, associative". We can distinguich between these cases by considering the following conteria : - the nature of the relationship between the base and the predicate, that is the voice. - the sematic nature of the nominal lexeme in question. - the position of the participant on (the power axis) the intentions of the speaker. By following these criteria into account no verbe or preposition can express a permanent case, the cases can be expressed with differents verbs or different prepositions with someway that a single preposi- tion or verb can express several cases
Rahmatian, Rouhollah. "Acquisition d'une competence linguistique en français chez des étudiants iraniens." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20065.
Full textThis study is a didactic research about the linguistic competence of the persian students in their learning of french. First of all, it presents the polemic in foreign language teaching and the situation of french teaching in iran. The first part concerns the history of iran, and the teaching of the foreign languages, specially the situation of the french language in iran. The second part is about the theoretical problems : contrastive analysis, terminology, method. This part is a real contrastive analysis : nominal syntax (noun, gender, number, determinent, adjective. . . ) and verb (notion, morphology, classes, functions, complements, tenses, and use of verbs in two languages). The comparison of predictable difficulties with caused errors helps to understand better and solve persian students' problems in learning french. In the third part we will present theories about interference and error analysis. The result of our test evaluation, applied in classes, will be presented for justify our hypothesis of the contrastive study. It offers thus pedagogical suggestions
Chastagner, Nadine. "Approche synchronique de l'attribution du genre grammatical français." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H089.
Full textOur research concerns the functioning of french grammratical gender assignment in a synchronic perspective. On a corpus of man recent vocabularies (current, informatics et internet, social languages), we show that grammatical gender as formel object is corditionned by differents types of factors (structural, oragmatic, subjective, cognitive). The assigned mechanisms described although localized and relatives are structured according to micro-systems in which different types of logics are implicated. Such a purpose has required a method adapted no the functioning divided and multiple of gender. This one confronts the phenomenons relating no lexical production with their sociolinguistics variations and phenomenons relating to reception by inquiry with one hundred persons
Thuilliez, Coralie. "Complémentarité, conscience et dynamique des relatifs en français." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H072.
Full textThe aim of this research is to describe the complementarity of standard and non standard relatives in French and to consider the speakers’ linguistic awareness in order to explain the dynamics of use. A study of the way the relative operates, in vivo observations and a survey of 160 diverse informers according to relevant variables revealed firstly the variant that is sufficiently videly used and non stigmatised to constitute a possible course of evolution (generalisation of the simple que and instead of other relatives), and secondly that the standard relatives are still in current use, leading us to postulate standard / non standard complementarity. By taking into account factors such as the informers’ age and level of education, it was possible to demonstrate an evolution in behaviours. Its wide use amongst the younger informers and a levelling of differences between users with the lowest and those with the highest level of education show that this variant may have a promising future in the language. However, the representations of the speakers themselves, who tend to idealise their use language, do not coincide with their actual production. An analysis of their linguistic awareness indicates that users’ propensity to deny use of flic non standard and to identity more with the standard constituted a hindrance to the natural evolution of the relative
Sabio, Frédéric. "Description prosodique et syntaxique du discours en français : données et hypothèses." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10095.
Full textOur dissertation is concerned with the linguistic description of spoken french, along a double approach : prosodic and syntactic. The first chapter describes the way in which researchers in the field of prosody have come to view the supresegmental elements of language as centrally involved in spoken communication. We then review several methods for collecting and transcribing spoken language data. The second part of our study is concerned with linguistic description of spoken french, starting with the prosodic aspect. We first present some studies which have insisted on the formal characteristic of the suprasegmental phenomena, and present some major theoretical discussions regarding the relationship between phonetic form and meaning. Next, we introduce the hierarchical model which a. Di cristo and d. Hirst have elaborated in aix-en-provence. The other aspect that we have treated in the second chapter is syntax. Our research is based on a conception which has been postulated quite recently, according to which the grammatical field can be conceived as made up of two independant but interconnected domains : micro-syntax and macro-syntax. The last chapter introduces some linguistic data, and allows us to formulate some hypothesis about the link existing between prosody and syntax : our view is that, in spontaneous spoken communication, prosodic structure seems to play a major role in signalling the macro-syntactic constituants. We present some data drawn from our corpus in order to illustrate our conception
Dahan, Delphine. "Étude de la prosodie du français en parole continue : processus de production et de perception." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H087.
Full textProsody refers to the melody and rhythm of speech. This thesis deals with a specific prosodic phenomenon, i. E. The production of emphatic accent on an element of the utterance, le latter becoming the focus of the utterance and conveying new inforlation (or rhemes), as opposed to the given information (the theme). An explanation of how prosodic phenomena convey linguistic information implies the postulate that the speaker and listener share mental representations. In order to specify the processes involved in the production and perception of a focusing conveyed by an empha tic accent, we have analyzed the productions of emphatic accents realized by several speakers, as well as their perception by listeners. It appears that the speaker produces a break in listener's expected prosodic structuration, the violation of these expectancies allowing the listener to perceive the presence of a linguistically relevant prosodic phenomenon