Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Français (langue) – Figement (linguistique)'
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Saïd, Mosbah. "La stéréotypie : fonctionnement linguistique et traitement lexicographique." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030075.
Full textThe linguistic stereotype pose the problem of the not analytical representations settling in the language and by conditioning more than an aspect (meaning of the words, the structuralization of the lexicon, the semantic mechanisms and the discursive functionings). Object of controversies due to the plurality of its implications, the stereotype was not essential yet as linguistic notion in the clearly bounded outlines. Its consecration as such requires the identification of all particular semantic configurations and the criteria which would confirm its uniqueness as general linguistic mechanism. So, a synthesis of the works begun in touch with the phenomenon (concerning the stereotype or the notions which are similar to it, the study of its economy in the semantic mechanisms generating the sense and the description of its lexicographical treatment are necessary to draw up its properties and to establish a typology of its configurations
Naray-Szabo, Marton. "Les phrases à sujet figé : étude pragmatique, syntaxique et sémantique." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA131010.
Full textVarious networks, gathered under the generic term of educational digital network, developed in the French school system since 1987 to 2005: telematics, local area networks, Internet, Intranet and digital spaces were laminated, gradually working out a component of a mediatized school communication. This research is located under lightings of the technique, the uses and the organization; it takes as a starting point the actor-network theory (ANT), in an analysis of the conditions of sociotechnic innovations establishment. It reveals heavy and concomitant tendencies, determining in a general globalisation and vulgarizing process of the communication functions at school: progressive organization of a total architecture of information, assertion of the importance of a strategic step which puts the dynamic ones of use on the second level, logic of industrialization and progressive extension of the school field towards the residence
Ben-Henia, Iteb. "Degré de figement et double structuration des séquences verbales figées." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131007.
Full textLexical frozeness is one of the main obstacles to automatic processing of natural language. The present work intends to be a contribution to improve automatic processing applied to fossilized verbal sequences (SVF) such as casser sa pipe. Notions of degrees of lexical frozeness and double structuration guided our study. In order to determinate the degree of lexical frozeness of SVF, we analysed their internal structure and their external structuration. Consequently, they can be included in predicates classes developped in L. L. I. , based on G. GROSS theory of object classes. After a survey of publications about (verbal) lexical frozeness, we identify and collect criteria to measure SVF degrees of lexical frozeness through the general structure analysis of [V SN SP] sequences. Then, we propose formal tools for automatic recognition of metaphor through analysis of SVF coming from sports. Lastly, we described two syntactico-semantic classes of predicats: and <états humains>
Arkhipova, Anna. "Formes du figement dans les terminologies juridiques française et russe : étude comparée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENL030.
Full textGeneral outline of the thesis: The forms of the unchanging nature of the French and Russian terminology. A comparative study.This research aims at describing the setting up of specialized collocations with a contrastive perspective t, within the French and Russian specialized legal language.The aim of this research deals with the modelling of the syntagmatic links regarding the terms of the specialized legal language. We have drawn our inspiration from the ideas of the semantics of the framework, in particular, of the Filmorian frame that structures our study. The analysis unit is a collocation of the specialized legal language, which is called specialized lexical combination.The onomasiological approach sets the problem of the study of the conceptual systems concerning the SLC. The semasiological approach deals with the modelling of the SLC at language level. Thus, the two suggested approaches, the onomasiological and the semasiological ones, both answer the needs of the setting up of the two fields: the notional as well as the semantic ones that, in turn, lay the foundation of the interlinguistic typology. We use a comparative approach to be able to find some kind of parallelism within the process of creation and stabilisation of the two specialized languages: French and Russian. While making a comparison between the two specialized languages, we can analyse the difference of linguistic creativity in order to be able to infer the common principles that govern the formation of the SLC. The method of translation, even if it points out the properties outside the system of the concrete specialized language, either French or Russian, does answer the needs of the lexico-semantic modelling of their perspective means of combination.Key words : jurdical terminology, frame, collocation, specialized lexical combination, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach, conceptual systems, comparative approach, translation
AL, Smadi Adnan. "La polysémie des expressions figées : étude traductologique du français à l'arabe." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1483.
Full textSok, Limsrorn. "Traduction des expressions idiomatiques en contexte : du français en khmer." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1000.
Full textTo examine the translation of idiomatic expressions (IE) in context, we set our study within the framework of communication. Our work has started from the following observation : in Cambodia, there’s always a misconception according to which an IE is systematically translated by an IE, an idiomatic phrase or a pre-established correspondence. This tendency is explained by the concern of stylistic correspondence. And yet, in the uses associated to different meanings, we suppose that an IE comes to different translations. The present work aims both at disproving this misconception and confirming the universality of the interpretative theory, source of the strategies applicable to all translations, including translating IE from French into Khmer language. IE are much less used in written documents in Khmer than in French. To reach our purpose, we have based our study on the interpretative theory, the SkoposTheory and discourse analysis in particular. Ten IE, classified from the less to the more transparent, in one hundred extracts mainly taken out from newspapers, were first analysed to understand the meaning, find connections and nuances of meaning of the same IE, and subsequently to suggest adequate translations. Following the assessments resulting from this exercise, a set of recommendations has been proposed in order to contribute to the questioning of the translation methods in Cambodia
Bi, Yanjing. "Constructions figées en français et en chinois." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH027/document.
Full textLanguages are not just instruments of communication. Claude Hagège (2012: 181) reminds that all languages are rooted in a pool of knowledge, sensations, memories, images, dreams, which are the fabric of a speaker's competence. Languages are very complex and multidimensional phenomena. However, it is impossible to carry out a complete study of languages, without taking into account a generalized and pervasive phenomenon: the fixedness.In light of a great deal of progress which has been made by the research on phraseology, we realize that many gray areas still exist; indeed, some true mysteries remain to be unraveled. Contrastive studies have always helped to advance knowledge of language, especially so when the studied languages are typologically distinct. This is the case of Chinese and French, an isolating language in the first case, a fusional language in the second one. This does not always mean that the differences are significant and sometimes unexpected similarities may emerge. There is no contradiction in the simultaneous quest for homologies and the highlighting of differences. A comparison of the fixed expressions in Chinese and French provides a new vantage point which will undoubtedly expand the horizon even if it does not provide true solutions
Echchourafi, Adnane. "Vers une reconnaissance des composés, pour une désambiguïsation automatique : composés à trois, quatre, cinq et six éléments." Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1010.
Full textLajmi, Dhouha. "Les verbes supports complexes." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131033.
Full textCertain polylexical forms of the type « to show of », « to be the object of “, “to take place”, “to be in process of”, etc. , are partially similar to the light verbs and share some of their characteristics with frozen sequences. We describe their double combinatory, internally and externally, and design a typology which accounts for their syntactico-semantic functioning in the actualisation of nominal predicates
Djohar, Abdou. "Approche contrastive franco-comorienne : les séquences figées à caractère adjectival." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131038/document.
Full textAs in French, there are a significant number Comorian of fixed adjectival sequences that the use only oral. Adjectival these sequences have never been studied. They are remarkable subtype Prep N, Adj as Det N (the angels, thick as a brick…). These predicative adjectives to express a complex shape condition and the pronominalisables. They may be analyzed as predicative adjectives in that they have the same syntax as simple adjectives property they are compatible as well as the epithet that the attribute position. The morpho-syntactic analysis and semantic analysis of the adjectival sequences allow us to understand their fixed character meets two conditions congealing: polylexicaux and they have a certain degree of fossilization, the second condition can be demonstrated the fact that you can not replace a word with another word. In our study contrastive Franco-Comorian, we conducted an exhaustive survey of adjectival phrases from Comoros and established a typology of adjectival predicates using the same principles as for the French
Altaie, Liqaa. "Étude des mots indiquant la couleur dans les proverbes et les locutions proverbiales français et irakiens : étude linguistique comparée." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1015.
Full textOur thesis concerns the contrastive linguistic study of The reference to colors in the proverbs from a corpus of 208 proverbs collected in France and in Iraq. We shall study how the colors are expressed in both languages (word classes, grammatical and prosodic structure of the statements, the rhetoric tools applied to colors to strengthen their meaning value) as well as the link of the speakers for colors in the proverbs they use. We shall also try to explore in both languages the differences related to the period when the proverb was the most used as well as in the degree of knowledge of the proverbs according to age, sex, profession and the region of the speaker. The French language as well as the Iraqi dialect contain a big proportion of words indicating the color in the proverbs. And it is the connotation of these words that is the origin of the difficulty of understanding. Furthermore, according to countries, cultures and times, the colors take on different meanings sometimes to the antipodes of those of the nearby cultures like the colour white, associated in the West and in Arab countries to purity, while it is refers to mourning in most of the Asian countries. Thanks to the language, as we know it, the man can communicate, exchange information, ideas and eelings. In other words, the speakers can express what they want to express, what they want to sayand the listenerscan receive the information. However, in communication, it is not always easy to understand completely and exactly what is said and written, because the meaning of the word is complicated and sophisticated. The same word, used in these various situations, will have various meanings. The words indicating the color come up against with the same problems. Working as an isolated unity, the proverb is a combinatio of words taken from the general vocabulary of every language. We consider the words indicating the color in the proverbs and the proverbial expressions as the object of our study because the color is everywhere in our life : the color of the plants and animals, the color of the sky and the earth, the color of food, but also because the proverbs constitute a source of rich vocabulary for those who learn the language. The proverbs refers to diverse semantic fields and they reflect nicely the cultural difficulties related to learning of the French language in Iraq. Besides this, we would try to prove through transformations and manipulations that these proverbs can be frozen. An elaborate study of these semantic and syntactical features seemed to us absolutely essential to report the existence of the congealing in the proverbs, a very important and very complex linguistic phenomenon at the same time. Besides that, the critical comparison between these two languages : French and Arabic in this particular case, asserts that the phenomenon of the congealing is just a universal linguistic fact, and reveals that each language has its own mechanisms of congealing. We can note that, from the semantic point of view, the meaning of the proverbs is not calculated according to the rules of the compositionality ; in other words, the global meaning of the proverbs is not the addition of the meaning of the elements which compose them
Violet, Alice. "La question du figement dans les syntagmes prépositionnels sans déterminant de l’anglais et du français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040165.
Full textAlthough previous research has shown that bare nouns are particularly frequent in prepositional phrases, the mechanisms underlying their use in PPs remain a relatively understudied topic. This thesis presents the results of a synchronic, corpus-based analysis of several groups of English and French spatio-temporal PPs. The case studies show that determinerless PPs are syntactically, lexically, semantically and pragmatically highly heterogeneous, ranging from fully fixed, opaque expressions to transparent, modifiable and productive sequences. The corpus data does not support the hypothesis of a unified, strictly grammatical phenomenon. However, these PPs cannot be explained away as a mere collection of unrelated anomalies; some of them cluster into productive sub-groupings in which marked syntax correlates with marked meaning. The differences between the French and English PPs can pertain either to the productivity of the groupings, or to their semantic and/or pragmatic properties. In the latter case, the contrasts reflect the place and salience of bare noun constructions in each language. The application of constructional analysis to the PPs is shown to be an illuminating way of accounting for their integration into the linguistic system whilst allowing for a fine-grained typology. This thesis argues that a greater interaction between phraseology and construction grammar would be of particular interest for the study of phraseological “patterns” and syntactically marked multi-word constructs
Armbrecht, Constanze. "De l'espace à la modalité : la locution adverbiale polyvalente 'jusqu'à un certain point'." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC027.
Full textThis thesis stems from a project aimed at exploring marginal quantifying expressions. Whereas there is an abundant literature on quantifying determiners, for instance, the study of quantifying/intensifying adverbial phrases is not very advanced yet. This thesis thus focuses on a quantifying adverbial phrase on the margins of quantification research: jusqu’à un certain point (to a certain extend/up to a certain point). The analysis is based on a written corpus using different sources. Part one offers three studies of the adverbial phrase’s constituents, the preposition jusque, the determiner un certain and the noun point. Part two introduces an overview of the current uses of jusqu’à un certain point, shows the adverbial phrase’s synchronic fixation and describes its evolution since its first appearance in Frantext in 1671. Six contemporary uses can be distinguished: endophrastic jusqu’à un certain point functions as an adverb of completion, degree or “limit”. Exophrastic jusqu’à un certain point functions as a modal, a hedge (shield or approximator). There are hybrid cases activating quantitative and modal values in parallel. Finally, the adverbial phrase can function as an argumentative pivot with properties of a modalisateur déréalisant of Ducrot. Part three examines the adverbial status of jusqu’à un certain point, its interaction with different predicate types, the role played by its syntactical position, its conceptualization within a cognitive semantic perspective and its role as a discourse operator participating in the articulation of argumentation
Zhu, Lichao. "Typologie du défigement dans des médias écrits français." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2012_zhu.pdf.
Full textThis work consists in studying the linguistic defreezing phenomenon. We establish three typologies of studying cases chosen from the French satirical weekly newspaper "Le Canard enchaîné". The typologies are made in three parts. The first typology is of structuralism, the second one consists in classifying the defreezing cases by transformations, the last one is a typology of three primary functions of predication. In doing so, we propose different linguistic approaches in treating the problematical defreezing phenomenon, which causes problems in teaching, comprehension and computational linguistic treatment in French
Albano, Mariangela. "Les expressions figées en didactique du français langue étrangère." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030008.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we present the results of an experimental research on 150 Italian-speaking adults studying French in the university context: the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan, La Sapienza University of Rome and the University of Palermo.The aim of this study was to contribute to the analysis of the semantic processing of lexicalization and to the didactics of phraseology in French as a foreign language.We have thus been able to advance and verify hypotheses explaining the process of lexicalization in order to give, on the one hand, tools to teachers for its didactisation and, on the other hand, means for learners for its appropriation. This work allowed us to better understand the identification and processing of different types of phraseologies, to identify and analyze translations and translation errors produced by students.To do this, we submitted two questionnaires: the first one, called "self-assessment" questionnaire, was intended to better understand our sample.The second questionnaire, called "Expressions", focused on the treatment, translation, and comprehension of seven phraseological constructs using eight exercises inspired by phraseodidactics and cognitive semantics, including construction grammars approach, conceptual metaphor and motivation approach
Da, Silva Akborisova Elena. "Linguistique de corpus et didactique des langues et des cultures étrangères : étude comparée français-russe." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0021.
Full textThis thesis aims to contribute to the DDL (Data-Driven Learning) approach in French vocabulary teaching. In the framework of the DDL approach we use corpora to teach different language phenomena. Vocabulary, one of the immediate needs of a language learner because it makes a communication in a foreign language possible, has become a popular research theme in the fields of linguistics and language teaching. Idiomaticity, an inherent part of all languages, manifests through various expressions. Phraseology studies different ways of expressing idiomaticity. Corpus linguistics permits to observe this language phenomenon in a structure/sense framework. Idiomatic expressions in general and collocations in particular are the heart and the main focus of the teaching perspective described in this thesis. Even advanced language learners make errors in light verb constructions. The teaching material presented in this study seeks to promote the search in bilingual corpora in the classroom in order to identify these collocations in L1 and in L2, to understand them, to find equivalents and finally, to use them correctly. A comparative French-Russian approach reinforced by a study of concordance lines from authentic corpora might contribute to better understanding of a particular language feature. This study falls in line with deductive learning practices and with the learners’ autonomisation perspective
Yurchenko, Yulia. "Structure et typologie des stéréotypes dans le discours politique institutionnel (en russe et en français)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0419.
Full textThis study considers the notion of linguistic stereotypes and analyses the function of stereotypes in institutional political discourse. By describing semantic phenomena observed in the corpus of such discourse, and by focussing on combinatory patterns, the use of metaphors and certain syntax models, we have developed a typology of linguistic representations of stereotypes in the body of political discourse in Russian and French. From the perspective of the semantic theory set out by H. Putnam and developed by B. Fradin, J.-C. Anscombre, J. Bartmiński, les stereotypes are understood as open lists of non-referential characteristics, stemming from community-based beliefs associated with language elements. “Diagnosis” linguistic models, for which we shall present the typology, identify the semantic stereotypes in political speeches. The function of stereotypes in the context of augmentative sequences is considered from the perspective of the theory of stereotypes developed by J.-C. Anscombre.One of the objectives is to observe how stereotypes, revealed through lexical and syntactic clues, are used to form representations of objects, people and phenomena relevant to political discourse in Russian and French. To meet this objective, stereotypes, which are memory recalls to past sayings and events, are explored and interpreted through notions of dialogism. The use, creation, resumption, redistribution and transposition of stereotypical characteristics are analyzed as being part of a linguistic strategy, intentionally used to constitute or reproduce representations to ensure persuasiveness in political communication
Haquin, Yohan. "Traduire les expressions figées de l’espagnol au français." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE1143/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing Spanish to French translation strategies of fixed expressions. In thisperspective, we have gathered a contrastive corpus of fixed expressions in order to question their semantic,syntactic and pragmatic properties and to discuss phraseology’s fundamental notions such as fixation,opacity or non-compositionality. We also introduce semantic analysis tools : distinctions between lexicalcompositionality and global compositionality, on one hand, and between lexical scene and real scene, onanother hand.The second part of the study proposes a descriptive typology of translation operations observed in thecorpus offering a global view of the strategies adopted by the translators that allows reflection on questionssuch as the equivalence or methods in fixed expressions translation. This typology reveals the width and thegradualism of the variation and correspondence spectrum that we find among fixed expressions.After introducing the theoretical framework and the state of art in the previous chapters, the last part of thethesis is entirely dedicated to the translation dimension of fixed expressions. We examine here theconstrative corpus in order to question the notion of equivalence and to propose a more precisecharacterization of it. In order to have strong and operational criteria for an optimal translation, we propose atranslation methodology based on the study of the source expressions as a mean to identifying translationdifficulties whether they are specific or not of the object
Kajo, Koussay. "Les expressions figées en arabe et en français dans une perspective traductologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2033.
Full textFixed expressions are a problematic entity at both levels: at notional-phraseological level and at translatological level. The purpose of this study, which focuses on French and its translation into Arabic, is to delimit this entity by attempting to delimit its boundaries and to attribute to its inherent defining characteristics.Thus, at first, we approach the question from two points of view, semantico-syntactical and cognitive while subjecting the basic axioms of our definitions to an in-depth examination in order to verify its relevance.Then, we will deal with set expressions from a translatological point of view, with the aim of developing a method of translating fixed expressions working on both semantic and stylistic levels.This method could serve as a support clarifying the crucial points to be taken into consideration in the translating operation and would take into account the disadvantages and defects that can be manifested therein
Ralić, Sara. "Interprétation et traduction d’expressions figées du français vers le serbe dans un corpus littéraire contemporain." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040196.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of a phraseme as a complex, stable, variable and dynamic linguistic sign, and as a translation problem based on a corpus of contemporary French literature and its Serbian translations. The discourse highlights the distance between the meaning of a model and the meaning of a phraseme that is semantically accomplished and embedded in a text. One of its possible realizations is a pun that does not only consist in transgressing the syntactic criteria but in developing a new global signified, serving the speaker’s discursive strategies. This work identifies linguistic mechanisms specific to lexical frozenness that are inevitable in the act of translation, and incompatibilities between the problems of translation and properties of a given phraseme. Its translation problems in a literary text, whose narrative progression it shapes, exceed the dichotomy between a domesticated translation and a foreignized translation. Translation problems result from the way in which the speaker establishes the link between the conceptualization inherent to a phraseme, built itself on the basis of pre-existing concepts - hence the mental image and the connotative surplus value - and the reality to which the speaker applies it. Its translation, given its pragma-semantic complexity, necessarily requires a source-oriented approach in the interpretative phase and a target-oriented solution
Sadoudi, Hanane. "Traitement des expressions figées dans la traduction humaine. : Analyse de corpus bilingue français-arabe." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H036.
Full textThis study is an approach to various problems raised bu the translations of frozen expressions. It is founded on the specific case of the french-arabic translation by analyzing a bilingual corpus composed of idioms in French (source language) and their Arabic translation (targuet language). Our work is organized in two parts ; in the first we study the notion of rigidification and the various structures that it covers, and olso the notion of translation with related concepts through 20th century linguistic and translational theories. In the second part we analyze our corpus : first to make sure it really represents frozen expressions, then to know the strategies adopted by the translator to translate idioms. The corpus is extracted from the articles appeared in the French edition of the le Monde diplomatique and their translations into Arabic in the same newspaper
Misri, Georges. "Le figement linguistique en français contemporain." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H020.
Full textThis research contributes towards the study of different idiomatic expressions in contemporary French language. These expressions may constitute part of a sentence or a complete sentence; they are either idioms, proverbs or common statements. Our objective could be summarized in three points: 1) contribute towards the identification and or the classification of idiomatic expressions in contemporary French language, through the research of effective criteria ; 2) try to diversify the approaches as to best reflect the diversity of the phenomena that characterize the group of stereotyped expressions or their subdivision; 3) to through light on some cloudy aspects of this area of linguistics, thereby creating new avenues of research for future research follows
Davidsdóttir, Rosa Elin. "La lexicographie bilingue islandais-français : proposition d’articles pour un dictionnaire islandais-français avec une attention particulière au traitement des locutions figées et semi-figées." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040035.
Full textThis doctoral thesis on bilingual lexicography, and more precisely on lexicography between Icelandic and French, aims to lay the foundations for a new Icelandic-French dictionary that will be available on-line. To that purpose, we write entries for an Icelandic-French dictionary based on a new lexicographical database for Icelandic (ISLEX). The focus is on the needs of Icelandic users who wish to express themselves in French. However, it is clear that an Icelandic-French dictionary will also be useful for French speakers. Through our lexicographical treatment, we pay special attention to the syntagmatic analysis and to the presentation of more or less fixed phraseological units in a bilingual dictionary such as collocations and set phrases, since we consider that a good bilingual dictionary should take phraseological units into account. Having studied the role and the ideal structure of bilingual dictionaries according to the various functions that they can have, the encoding one and the decoding one, we then discuss phraseology and the importance of set phrases in bilingual dictionaries. The microstructure of our articles is then presented as well as the tools and resources on which we base our work. The outcome of our reflection on the writing of a new Icelandic-French dictionary is shown in the form of dictionary entries followed by remarks where an account is given of the way in which some lexicographical problems are tackled and our lexicographical choices are explained
Lecler, Aude. "Figement et défigement discursifs. Processus de stabilisation en langue et d’actualisation en discours." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30070.
Full textThis research focuses on exploring and analyzing fundamental questions regarding fixed expressions. Studies examining the problematics consider an important list of criteria to recognize fixed expressions: semantic opacity, syntactic blocking, prosodic and phonetic rhythm, conversational reflex, etc. My research concentrates on one of the criteria, puns on fixed expressions. This study demonstrates that discursive examination of puns can inform us about fixed expressions and help redefining some of its characteristics. Four linguistic typologies have been elaborated through the systematic analysis of a corpus. The first typology relates to the nature of fixed expressions, the second one to the formality of puns, the third to the discursive production of meaning and the last one examines the order in which meanings appear. The research proposes two types of puns on fixed expressions, formally marked vs ‘non-formally’ marked, a fact that could be attributed to the difference in memorizing the two types of fixed expressions. Specifically, this research investigates the manner puns proceed by reinvestment or rebootstrapping to reactivate fixed expressions. The thesis examines the way puns are used for linguistic and cognitive ‘survival’ of fixed expressions : they are superimposed on them, opposed to them or combine in various ways with them. These specific operations are analyzed by some aspects of the concept of dialogism. The transition from puns to fixed expressions is perceptible. It is marked by lexical, semantic, rhythmic, phonic and visual parameters, parameters which are estimated to be integrated within the intrinsic properties of fixed expressions
Terran, Élise. "Le cadrage temporel en français." Paris 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA030093.
Full textTemporal framing is a textual cohesion factor, which optionally occurs, besides others processes. The framing operation consists in setting before a clause a tem-poral adverbial, whose referent turns into a criterion meant to divide the informa-tion up : it includes several clauses in one textual unit. Yet, temporal adverbials do not all assume a textual function : they have to be syntactically and semantically independent enough towards the clause they precede. Clauses sharing this tempo-ral reference represent the frame's referential scope. But time and its nature sometimes prevent the interval from being the only parting criterion in the text : it often combines with events or thematic matters, for the textual unit to be com-plete. Then, the referential scope is interrupted, and at its end, the textual unit is subjected to the frame's federating effect only
Delort, Laurence. "L'expression des relations temporelles dans le discours : explication et formalisation de quelques emplois de "avant"." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070084.
Full textDiscourse interpretation depends, in big part, on recognition of relations between described eventualities. Among these relations, we propose to investigate temporal precedence and one of its lexical marker : the preposition AVANT (BEFORE in English) when it appears within sentences PI AVANT P2, where PI and P2 are two syntactic clauses. Corpora display several of these sentences where AVANT P2 isn't a temporal locating adverbial, which is the standard analysis. The goal of this thesis is twofold. First, from a descriptive point of view, we want to explain why some sentences PI AVANT P2 can't be analysed in a traditional way, and to give the semantic, enunciative and discursive factors of unusual interpretations of these sentences. Then, from a formal point of view, we want to give an account of these distinct interpretations within a theory of discourse representation (as « Discourse Representation Theory » or « Segmented Discourse Representation Theory »), and to put forward their effects on discourse structure
Lauze, Audrey. "Les formes composées du mode indicatif en français." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30080.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on compound forms of indicative mood in French language. Its objective is to jointly study the compound forms on the basis of a common signified in language. To achieve this, the first part of my thesis investigates different theories, more or less contemporary, which propose a definition of verb tenses and in particular, of compound form. Developing the research comments, I present an analytical framework for the compound form, inspired by monosemous approach to tenses. In the second part, based on a corpus composed of discourse originating from the French literature, the media world as well as from internet, the value of each compound form in language is confronted with its multiple use in discourse. The analyses reveal little by little a common signified to all the compound forms of indicative mood in French
Harroum, Bechir. "Relations anaphoriques en arabe et en français." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA070032.
Full textThis study based on the generative grammar theory made possible the investigation of several syntactic facts : the first chapter analyses the most debated question in standard modern arabic. I consider that the order vso, chosen by arab grammairiens, does not explain sevral syntactic phenomena (no total agreement between grammatical features of the subject and those of the verb etc. ). These facts could have an adequate solution if the basic order svo is chosen. The second chapter debates interrogative expressions : transformational and not transformational. The third chapter examines the reflexive constructions. Arabic language offers two types of structures : with the lexical reflexive and the affixe reflexive. The forth chapter debates the anaphoric relations. I proposed to analyse locative prepositions as operators. His argument (subject) is without phonetic form (=pro) controled either by the subject or by the object of the principal sentence. The fifth chapter is allowed to passive constructions. Two approches are discussed : 1) non paradigmatic one (in opposition with traditional analysis), 2) non transformational
Kim, Hye-Ren. "Etude comparative du causatif (français et coréen)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040002.
Full textThis comparative study deals with two domains which,at first glance,appear to be antithetical : typology and research upon the universals of language. .
Piot, Mireille. "Composition transformationnelle de phrases par subordination et coordination." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070019.
Full textThis study presents a transformational analysis of adverbial subordinate clauses in French based on a systematic and exhaustive classification of all relevant items. We analyse syntactic- semantic phenomena concerning four classes of subordinating conjunctions (in addition to the first four classes presented in our earlier PHD thesis, 1978). We examine, by comparison, co-ordination and also studying a ninth class of double conjunctions (most of them are coordinating). We present here a set of about 400 conjunctions studied in the framework of lexico-grammar (M. Gross). Methodology is based on Z. S. Harris’ transformational and discourse analysis (1968,1970,1975). To summary, we observe: 1)required parallelism between sentences of three classes of subordinating conjunctions and the double conjunctions one (parallelism may concern conjunction and or sentences structure, and or the semantic information in sentences. 2)there is no one category of subordinating conjunctions but all these items are divided into two different complement types. 3)the status of primary sentence is showed by the deletion and pro-morpheme order in complex sentences. 4)in some constructions, we observe a change in the status of particular items between subordination and coordination: in such cases the syntactic properties are completely opposite and there is no continuum. In conclusion, this study represents the basic syntactic-semantic rules of discourse analysis and propositions for pedagogical tools and automatic analysis of texts
Camussi-Ni, Marie-Armelle. "Analyse formelle et conceptuelle des formes verbales du français contemporain : à la croisée du passé simple et de l’imparfait, du futur et du conditionnel, les concepts «± potentiel » et « ± défini »." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00179141/fr/.
Full textA formal analysis of the verbal endings in the indicative mode draws special attention to the combination of two morphemes, [Ø/(±R)] and [Ø/(ai/a)]. Thus, the conditional and future tenses differ from the other indicative tenses in that they share the +R morpheme – and it can be postulated that it is also shared by the infinitive. Furthermore, they differ from one another in the opposition between ai and a, which also differentiates the imperfect tense from the past historic when it is combined with the morpheme –R. This statement sheds light on the relationship between the various indicative “tenses”. Indeed, taking into account a further opposition allows the predominance of temporality in analyses of “tenses” in the indicative to be questioned while focusing on the deconstruction of the value combinations. Thus, the analysis allows the diversity of meanings to be accounted for and at the same time avoids a too large panel of temporal, modal or aspectual explanations according to the context. The first part of the doctoral thesis turns on the relationship between the morphological analysis and the various formal studies that have been undertaken on the future and the conditional tenses. In a second part, in a confrontation with the already existing conceptual studies on the infinitive, the past historic, the imperfect tense, the future and the conditional, we will explore the semantic side of the hypothesis that states that there is a combination of a ±R morpheme with an ai/a morpheme. Such a hypothesis compels us to characterize the semantic value of the ±R morpheme on the one hand – the ± potential concept will be associated with it – and on the other hand, to redefine the opposition between the imperfect tense and the past historic, since it is this very opposition that can be found in the future/conditional pair – the ± definite concept will then be suggested. Taking into account the combination of the two semantic features enables us to undermine complexity in utterances whose richness is only equalled by their diversity
Yaiche, Sameh. "Figement et prédication en arabe et en français : études linguistiques et psycholinguistiques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080050/document.
Full textThe phraseological units currently represent a common object of study in many disciplines in language science. It is in this context that we present our work in this thesis. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach combining linguistic and psycholinguistic involving comparative cross-language approach, our goal is to study a complex linguistic phenomenon, the fixation, in French and Tunisian Arabic dialect. We propose, first, to contrast the fixed expressions in both languages by identifying the type and the morphosyntactic, lexical and semantic operation of these sequences. Our interest will focus on two important concepts in the study of the fixed sequences: scalarity and iconicity. The methodology and results of a psycholinguistic and experimental study among native and non-native francophone adults (Tunisian Arabic speakers learning French as second language) will be then exposed. Our aim is to determine whether language factors, scalarity and iconicity, facilitate the processing of fixed expressions during a memorization task involving the encoding and recognition of French frozen sequences. A third experiment is a test of familiarity that examines the effect of linguistic factors, scalarity and iconicity as well as personal factors such as; age and sex, on the knowledge of Tunisian dialect frozen sequences by Arabic native speakers. This psycholinguistic work carried on an adult population is followed by an exploratory study on the emergence of fixed and semi-fixed expressions in children communication. This work follows the dual problem of emergence and cross-language comparison. We compare the productions of two children: a Tunisian Arab child and a French child
Bastürk, Mehmet. "La négation en français et en turc contemporains." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030198.
Full textThe aime of this thesis is the study of the operation of negation which is realized by marquers in the contemporary french and turkish from point of view syntaxico-semantic, enonciatif and intonational. Apart from introduction and general conclusion, it includes six chapters. The first chapter is consacrated to the principal characteristics of the turkish language. The second and the third chapters are about of the study of marquers of negation of the nominal predicate "degil=ne pas etre" and "yok=ne pas (y) avoir", at their combination with the aspecto-enonciatif marks. The fourth chapter is consacrated to the study of -ma-=ne pas+v", negation of process and its combination with all the aspecto-temporal marks. The fifth chapter analyse the expression of the negation by the suffixal marquer "-suz=sans". The sixth and the last chapter traite the indefinite pronoun which require, except "artik=ne plus", the usage of the marquer of negation in the uternace. All of them are defined, except "artif", such as the expression of the dead end operation parcours
Nurlu, Muammer. "L'interrogation directe en turc et en français contemporains." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030092.
Full textThe aim of this study is to address the issue of interrogation by comparing the use of questions in french and in turkish. We have limited the scope of our analysis to the study of direct questions, and we deal here with the variety to turkish spoken in turkeu. Our analysis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is is devoted to a description of the general features of the turkish languag; the second chapter is a general survey of recent work done in france on the issue of interrogation; our third chapter deals with the analysis of wh-questions: in this section we have focused upon the use of interrogative pronouns, adjectives and adverbs, and elliptical questions; our fourth chapter is concerned with yes no questions: in this sectuib we address the issue of interrogative alternatives (a or b) questions, secondary markers of interrogation, oriented questions and modalizers; then the use of questions and pseudo-questions in discours contexts is discussed in chapter 5. Our aim was to analyse both interrogation in general and the use of interrogative morphemes. We therefore have been led to study each kind of morpheme (interrogative particles, secondary markers of interrogations, interrogative pronoms, interrogative adjectives, interrogative adverbs, exclamation) in turn; this has allowed us not to over-generalize our assumptions, which would have been quite hzardous to do when with turkish, as far a turkish is concerned, the amound of analyzed date one disposes of
Kouliev, Rachid. "Temps et texte en français." Grenoble 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE39001.
Full textSerme, Jérôme. "Un exemple de resistance a l'innovation lexicale : les "archaismes" du francais regional." Lyon 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1998/jserme.
Full textThe regional vocabulary of french is partly made up of words that used to be part of the standard variety of that language; in the course of the evolution, they have disappeared except in geographically restricted usages, where they have been maintained. This resistance to lexical change in peripheral varieties of french appears to be connected with the presence of contact languages in the very areas where those words, now archaic in standard french, have been maintained. The majority of those languages - replaced by french -, belong to the same linguistic sub-group as french(the gallo-rom ance group) and therefore share strong lexical affinities. Very often, words that have been lost by french in the course of its evolution have been retained by its kin languages. Those languages are known to exert an influence on the varieties of french spoken in the same areas as them, and in our case slow down the evolution of regional french. The lexical affinities between those languages and french have enabled, as a substratum effect, certain lexical items to be preserved in regional french, whereas those items have disappeared in the standard variety which was not under this conservative influence. Language contact can sometimes act as a brake upon evolution
Amourette, Céline. "L'expression du temps et de l'aspect dans les formes non conjuguées du français." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL475.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the expression of time (absolute and / or relative) and aspect (lexical and / or grammatical) in non-conjugated forms of contemporary French. This work is studied in the fields of temporal semantics. Its aims is to demonstrate that temporality and non-conjugated forms are not two incompatible fields. The main question is : how are time and aspect, the two categories specific to the verb, expressed linguistically in non-conjugated forms ? The calculatory model of time and aspect as described by L. Gosselin has served as a theoretical framework for this study. The principal point dealt with here are : implicit predications, adjectives classed as temporal, impersonal verb forms ( present participle, gerund) and the temporal value of nominal syntagms. Temporality-relative time-temporal reference-non-conjugated forms-implicit predications
Wang, Hye-Suk. "La détermination nominale en français et en coréen." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040356.
Full textThis study is devoted to the research on nominal determination in french, in the enunciative psychomecanic. Throughj the underlining of the ambiguity and variety of the notion of determination, we distinguished determiners in terms of extensity and extension according to the way they modify the noun : formal determiners and material determiners. Korean is a language without articles in which the system of demonstratives is compound (i, geu, jeo) : on the other hand french is binary. Evergthing depends on the distinction made by the speaker. The respective effects of the two articles (un, le) are the expression of the genberic and of the particular, according tonthe speaker's aim in a given situation. In korean, in certain conditions, two particles play the part of thearticle, which also determines the context
Sakagami, Ruriko. "Fonctionnement de quelques connecteurs temporels en français : représentation de relations aspecto-temporelles inter-propositionnelles en vue d'un traitement informatique." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040030.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis consists in a calculation of aspectual and temporal semantic values (succession, simultaneity, precedency, enclosure, etc. ) Which some French tenses of the indicative mode express, with the help of compatible method of computer processing that has recourse to linguistic knowledge. The background theoretical approach is applicative and cognitive grammar. This grammatical model tries to represent aspectual and temporal semantic values in the form of intervals, a metalanguage based on general topology. We have chosen as objects of study about ten of the temporal conjunctives (quand, lorsque, alors que, depuis que, etc. ). They are observed frequently in current use as connecting markers for two clauses, each of them containing a tense. To achieve the purpose, this study aims at clearing the syntactic and semantic function of temporal conjunctives, at taking invariables out of some French expressions and at proposing about one hundred heuristic rules that are ready to be implemented
Adam, Paul. "Ouverture et cohérence : la fonction de l'indéfinition en français." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1032.
Full textThe use of the neutral form has declined to some extent in French, even though in French the number of linguistic words which are to some degree " neuter ", and even " indefinite " is important. Furthermore, we consider that the neuter concept is an important part of the syntactic coherence of our language. This coherence is backed up by yhe dimension of openness to the extent some phrases qualified as being neutral stand semantically for an absence, a vacuum which cannot be aesily qualified but still exists. Our approach is based on three items : the impersonnal intrduced by the use of Il; the neutral demonstrativ pronoun Ça; the " middle " with se. Above all, our objective will be to analyse and index the syntactic and semantic values of these linguistic items by processing their mechanisms in order to bring out their inner grammatical building process and check if one has to deal with a specific form of " support "
Yoshida-Leurs, Keiko. "Exclamation en français contemporain." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20019.
Full textThe aim of this study is to have a more detailed look on the exclamation form, a form which has actually a more marginal place. In dead, the exclamation is less studied and wretched defined. The semantic and morphological ressemblance to other kinds of expression has guided some linguists to think, that the exclamation is a kind of appendage of other modalities. The exploration of school grammars of the years between 1920 and 2000, grammars for the great public and grammars for specialists has showed this tendency just as the difference of the approaches. Some grammars and earlier studies show that there are constructions of sentences, which are unable to be neutral which are necessarily interpreted with a value of exclamation and which are impossible to be transformed in questions like each clause of statement can. It refers to forms with undefined articles, expressions of repletion, etc. .
Chagnoux, Marie. "Temporalité et aspectualité dans les textes français : modélisation sémantico-cognitive et traitement informatique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040183.
Full textIn order to render how time and aspect are expressed in texts, it is necessary to consider texts as organized and hierarchised networks of segments. We propose a model of discursive analysis, based on the notion of referential, which make it possible to represent the structure of a text. This model, which may be translated into a graph, is used to identify the various aspectual and temporal values of verbal occurrences in French texts. We also propose a computational system, Chronotexte, which carries automatically the surface semantic analysis of texts by annotating them in an XML format. This system uses the contextual exploration strategy and associates heuristics to organized databases of linguistic markers. It identifies the various referentials, ascribes an aspectual and temporal value to propositions and defines some temporal relationships between these propositions
Dallal-Bachi, Mustapha Issam. "Meme en francais contemporain. Marqueur de cohesion, operateur argumentatif et indicateur d'argumentativite." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN1083.
Full textNakamura, Delloye Yayoi. "Alignement automatique de textes parallèles français - japonais." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070054.
Full textAutomatic alignment aims to match elements of parallel texts. We are interested especially in the implementation of a System which carries out alignment at the clause level. Clause is a beneficial linguistic unit for many applications. This thesis consists of two types of works: the introductory works and those that constitute the thesis core. It is structured around the concept of syntactic clause. The introductory works include an overview of alignment and studies on sentence alignment. These works resulted in the creation of a sentence alignment System adapted to French and Japanese text processing. The thesis core consists of two types of works: linguistic studies and implementations. The linguistic studies are themselves divided into two topics: French clause and Japanese clause. The goal of our French clause studies is to define a grammar for clause identification. For this purpose, we attempted to define a typological classification of clauses, based on formal criteria only. In Japanese studies, we first define the Japanese sentence on the basis of the theme-rheme structure. We then try to elucidate the notion of clause. Implementation works consist of three tasks which finally constitute the clause alignment processing. These tasks are carried out by three separate tools: two clauses identification Systems (one for French texts and one for Japanese texts) and a clause alignment System
Saada, Mahmoud. "La traduction en arabe des déterminants français : étude contrastive." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0020/document.
Full textArabic language is morphologically poorer in determiners than French. This could pose some translation problems. The objective of this work is thus to help translators and those who are involved in teaching/learning translation to overcome these difficulties. Based on a corpus made of a French text and its translation into Arabic, this contrastive study compares the determination systems of French and Arabic. It studies French determiners and their equivalents in Arabic, comments them and formulates generalities. In conclusion, it emphasizes the importance of complete and incomplete actualization in the translation of the French article. It plays a key role in translating noun phrase (article + noun). If the article is definite for instance, that does not necessarily mean that we should translate in Arabic by a definite noun. This research presents also a number of equivalents in Arabic of French indefinite determiners. Finally, it opens many perspectives for future research: actualization, definites, indefinites and other
Omar, Hameed. "Expressions figées en français et en arabe : étude linguistique comparée." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1002.
Full textAmong the main components of the language which one must acquire to express oneself, in addition to the (single, compound or derived) words, one can find blocs of fixed words with non predictable meaning, commonly known as frozen expressions. To account for the facts of language in connection with frozenness, contemporary linguistics gives particular importance to two fundamental approaches (sometimes in a complementary way). The first is founded on semantic considerations and the second on syntactic ones. Alternatively, the principal objective of this work is to combine the two approaches, while it will further illustrate the idea that frozenness, at the same time, is also a matter of semantic and syntactic aspects. Thus, we will study the semantic and syntactic (transformational, distributional) properties of frozen expressions related to human body, in French and in Arabic. Yet, it will argue that in spite of the universality of the phenomenon of frozenness, each language has its own mechanisms of frozenness and that their nature and their degree vary from one language to another
Svášek, Martin. "Définitions, élaboration et exploitation d'un corpus parallèle bidirectionnel français-tchèque tchèque français." Paris, INALCO, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INAL0020.
Full textAt the beginning the concept of a parallel corpus is defined. French and Czech texts forming the parallel Fratchèque corpus come from literature; only texts after the year 1945 have been selected. Fratchèque is not marked up explicitly by XML tags because the tagging is not necessary for the proper functioning of the corpus manager ParaConc. The building-up of the corpus is thoroughly described following all steps and settings of the software used. The process starts with the optical character recognition program FineReader and, after checking the accuracy of numerical texts by using MS Word 2002, it goes on building up a corpus managed by ParaConc. The linguistic investigations of the thesis rely primarily on the realization of a parallel corpus. The main purpose is to tackle a phenomenon that is known in Czech as částice but has no direct equivalent in French. The most frequent terms used in the French approach are mots du discours and particules énonciatives. The existing descriptions suggest a close relationship between these words and the discourse. It is demonstrated on two Czech částice - přece, vždyt̕ and their variants - using huge Czech corpora (Analysis A) and Fratchèque (Analysis B). The study continues analysing systematically all kind of usage of vždyt̕, přece in order to present lexicographical description for a bilingual Czech-French dictionary. Through some exercices based on the results of the linguistic analysis it is shown how to use the bilingual corpus in teaching foreign languages. Finally, some issues concerning automatic evaluation of translation quality are discussed taking into account the work with částice
Gerbe, Rose-Marie. "Le présent prototypant : contribution à l'étude des appareils formels du français écrit." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39052.
Full textThe present tense can be studied according to a new approach, taking both the formal apparatus and the modal point of view into account, especially when the temporal reference is not relevant. So in some written utterances, which do not have any oral equivalent and are not communication-oriented, the present tense does not refer to any specific situation, whether simultaneous to the speech act or not. It allows, through a co-text and a context, both involved in this "dis-actualization", to refer to a "prototypical" event, not in the semantic sense of the word but in the sense of a "model" : this event, expressed in the present tense, becomes "dis-actualized", unreal but exemplary; it can be realized in many different ways (we can use the locution "paradigmatic reference"). That is why we refer to it as a "prototyping" modality of the present tense, for example in the philosophical examples, legal texts and narrative manuscripts
Kerfelec, Valérie. "L'exclamation : syntaxe, sémantique, pragmatique en anglais et en français." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040148.
Full textThe 'exclamatory examples' given by linguistic and grammatical reference books or even by native speakers when asked are extremely varied in number and quality. This goes well beyond the usual confusions typically brought about by the categories of Traditional Grammar. Eventually one has to admit there exists a wide gap between how confident the speaker feels about naming proper forms and how uncertain the actual contours of the category are. Accordingly the aim of our research is not so much to design a theory of exclamation as to understand the way it functions. This implies investigating the phenomenon without losing sight of the forms that make it up and considering how one proceeds from exclamation to exclamations and exclamatory sentences. The analysis is based on a corpus of 672 examples illustrating all the disparities observed and includes critical reading of past and current literature on the subject. All the forms and hypotheses that can be met with being thus gathered , the analysis tries to select among them or synthesize them. It generalizes whenever possible but is mainly set on discriminating and classifying , so as to come to a better understanding of what exclamation can possibly be both in extension and intention
Qiu, Haiying. "La négation en chinois et en français : étude comparative." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040001.
Full textThis comparative study is an attempts to bring a logico-semantic approch to bear on the way the negative is expressed in chinese and in french. The choice of the appropriate negative form depends on the respective priorities resulting from the specific features of each system. Thus modern chinese is characterized by an interweaving of the negative and the aspectual systems, whereas in french time-aspect and the negative are intirely separate concerns. French, on the other hand, is characterized by a rich morphology and the various negative morphemes can be classified according to the different levels of the sentence to which they roughly correspond, inversely, some of them can function at different levels of the sentence. The comparison reveals both different attention that each language gives to certains problems and similar aspects that might be of use when thinking of the negative as a universal