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Academic literature on the topic 'Français (langue) – Grammaire comparée – Langues germaniques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Français (langue) – Grammaire comparée – Langues germaniques"
Junker, Marie-Odile. "L’effet V1: le verbe initial en moyen français." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 35, no. 4 (December 1990): 351–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013931.
Full textBergounioux, Gabriel. "Meillet et les études sur le français." SHS Web of Conferences 78 (2020): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207804006.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Français (langue) – Grammaire comparée – Langues germaniques"
Caure, Mélisandre. "Caractérisation de la transparence lexicale, extension de la notion par ajustements graphophonologiques et microsémantiques, et application aux lexiques de l'anglais, de l'allemand et du néerlandais." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIML006.
Full textThe aim of this study is to define lexical transparency, establishing the criteria that a word from a given language must fulfill in order to be considered as potentially understandable to a non-native speaker. The aim is to give a definition of transparency which is both objective and synchronic. We focus our attention on the understanding of languages whose proximity to French is considered as more geographic than genetic. This way, it is possible to study the intercomprehension which arises due to contacts that have existed and still exist between the languages. Thus, we focus on three Germanic languages, English, German and Dutch, and examine their transparency with respect to French. Firstly, we characterize transparency as the property of words which are immediately understandable by beginners. Secondly, we propose an « extended » definition of transparency, including all words which may be understood by learners who would try to understand a text. To this end, we develop methods which allow to play with the form and the meaning of words during the comprehension process. To end this study, we use the theoretical principles to analyse a corpus that contains the 1 000 most frequent lexical words of the three Germanic languages with respect to French, and draw from this analysis quantitative and qualitative conclusions
Muller, Claude. "La négation en français : syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070036.
Full textNegation may be defined in relation to assertion, as a rejection of a pragmatic presupposition. This basic value is accompanied by a derived value allowing for information transmission : descriptive negation. Operators of syntactic negation can be used with metalinguistic paraphrases (using the 'support-verbs' of assertion) as well as with surface operators. Negation is also expressed by operators adapted to their lexical context (morphological negations); inversely, the context may adapt in function of the negation (negative polarity). The choice of ne pas vs. Non corresponds respectively to a negation containing a verb among its arguments and to a negation incorporating its 'support verb', which explains the wide application range of non. Uses of ne without pas result either from the negative association codified in the 17th century, or from survivals of the former system. The negative association (combination of a negation and a dependent operator) highlights the phenomenon of non localised negation characterising the romance languages, with absence of morphological incorporation of negation in negative words. It is indicated in french by the absence of pas and the simultaneous use of ne in written french. Negative expletives can be seen in this framework as negations associated with a dominant-scope context equivalent to a positive item with a dependent negation, hence the characterisation of these constructions as inverse negative associations. The last chapters deal with modifications of determiners in negative sentences, and with the semantics of negative questions
Kriajeva-Kouzmina, Nadejda. "La description de la langue russe par les auteurs français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIème siècle." Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc205/2004NAN21011.pdf.
Full textThe thesis is devoted to studying the contributions made by little known French writers of Russian grammar books (Charpentier, Maudru) and French grammar books (De Laval, Boujot, Gautier) for Russian native speakers, in the description of the Russian language and the development of linguistic science in Russia. The results of the research help fill a gap in the history of Slavic studies in France and Romance studies in Russia, as well as bring recognition to the writers of the books analysed, in their capacity as witness and participants in grammar writing for updated Russian. The results also bring value to the accounts made by these writers, the originality of their interpretation of linguistic information and grammatical phenomena in the Russian language of the period
Bardou, Almela Frédérique. "L'acquisition de la catégorie D et son trait de définitude par les apprenants adultes de langues asiatique et slave en apprentissage du français L2." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24741.
Full textRuggia, Simona. "Les connecteurs polyvalents : étude énonciative et contrastive des systèmes français et italien dans une perspective didactique : thèse." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2014.
Full textThis thesis aspiration is double. It's focused on contrastive and enunciative analysis of " enfin " and " perché ": French and Italian polyfunctional connectors as well as their respective equivalents. The aim of these linguistic analysis results in didactic practice is a targeted learning multimedia module devoted to the learning and acquisition of the above connectors. This thesis has got 3 different parts. Valuable defining of connector semantical values and pragmatical functions have been studied in the 1st part. It is followed by the study of material intended for French Foreign Language students in order to analyze " enfin " and " perché " presentation in several monolingual and bilingual dictionaries and in several French language learning methods and grammars. Finally we have elaborated a multimedia module targeted at the acquisition of the know and the know-how of " enfin " and " perché " and their respective equivalents. It applies to Italian learners of French of a very advanced level, aiming at bilingualism in a university environment. It is a pedagogical applied linguistics grammar. All data such as : explanations, vocabulary, bilingual dictionary, exercises and textual database are organized in a hypertext structure
Wang, Yi. "Recherches de linguistique contrastive sur la phrase simple et la phrase complexe dans quelques langues des familles indo-européenne et sino-tibétaine (latin, français, diachronie du chinois)." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0015.
Full textThis thesis aims to highlight the originality of French (hypotactic) and Chinese (paratactic) languages and the reasons of their differences. Falling within contrastive linguistics mostly theoretical, this study focuses on the comparisons with regard to three aspects. Firstly, the general diachronic comparisons of French and Chinese allow us to better understand the affiliations between Latin and French, between archaic Chinese and contemporary Chinese. Secondly, to show their original character – hypotactic in Latin and French, paratactic in contemporary and archaic Chinese, the comparisons are implemented between French and Chinese, and between their origins, Latin and archaic Chinese, on three syntactic aspects: the word order, the correspondence between word classes and syntactic functions in the simple sentence and the ratio of proposals in the complex sentence. Finally, the comparison of philosophical reflections on language between the Greek antiquity and the Chinese antiquity, and the presentation of cultural divergence between individuality and global nature showing the Western and Chinese intellectual originality, allow us to detect from a philosophical and cultural perspective the underlying reason for their different original characters
Merten, Pascaline. "La caractérisation multiple en français: description, comparaison avec d'autres langues et formalisation XML." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210993.
Full textLes linguistes du français se sont surtout intéressés à la position absolue de l’adjectif (antéposition ou postposition au nom), mais peu à leur ordre relatif. Il était intéressant d’étendre le point de vue à tous les caractérisants parce que le mélange de caractérisants de différentes natures, en particulier la séquence relative de l’adjectif et du complément du nom, pose d’intéressantes questions linguistiques. La notion fonctionnelle montre également sa valeur dans un cadre comparatiste, car différentes langues ne rendent pas le même concept avec la même catégorie morpho-syntaxique.
Notre théorie est que la séquence des caractérisants, tant en antéposition qu’en postposition, est régie par une hiérarchie de critères morpho-syntaxiques et sémantiques, en particulier par leur valeur classificatrice, descriptive ou spécificatrice. On a souvent classé les adjectifs en fonction de leur appartenance à une classe sémantique ontologique (couleur, forme, matière…). En réalité, de très nombreux adjectifs et caractérisants n’entrent pas dans ces catégories et ce type de classification n’est pas le premier critère à l’œuvre dans l’ordre des mots.
Le syntagme nominal apparaît dès lors comme structuré en différentes couches concentriques autour du nom ;il est délimité en antéposition par les quantifiants et en postposition par les caractérisants spécificateurs qui lui font en quelque sorte pendant. On observera dès lors d’intéressants phénomènes de sens et d’acceptabilité grammaticale dans le jeu des quantifiants et des caractérisants. Inversement, la position relative d’un caractérisant influe sur sa valeur. On pourrait résumer ces effets de sens par la formule :on dit d’abord ce que c’est, ensuite comment c’est, et enfin lequel c’est. De manière très générale donc, on observe que l’orientation des déterminants se fait selon un axe intrinsèque-extrinsèque ou objectif-subjectif.
L’étude d’expressions dans d’autres langues et dans des domaines spécialisés (cuisine, appellations officielles incluant des adjectifs géographiques, localisation de logiciels et chimie organique) permet de valider cette hypothèse tout en montrant que l’ordre des mots est un phénomène de génération, propre à chaque langue car la traduction modifie la nature morpho-syntaxique et peut modifier la valeur des caractérisants.
La partie technique de la thèse a exploité des techniques de traduction assistée par ordinateur, de traduction automatique et de traitement du langage, elle a fait appel aux langages de balisage standards de la famille XML pour la représentation des corpus et des règles ainsi que pour la réalisation des procédures. Les corpus spécialisés ont été constitués par alignement de corpus monolingues ou par traduction. Ils ont tous été mis au format XML ;les règles de traduction ont été formalisées dans le même format et elles ont été implémentées en XSLT. La formalisation des corpus en assure la portabilité et facilite les recherches de structures grammaticales sur un corpus catégorisé. Les corpus parallèles sont en outre d’une grande aide pour les traducteurs. Enfin, l’automatisation permet de valider les règles linguistiques proposées.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ling, Chen. "Les étudiants chinois débutants face à la grammaire française : enjeux théoriques et propositions pédagogiques. Étude comparée de manuels et de grammaires chinois et français." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL022.
Full textThis thesis lies in the field of foreign language education. It aims at teaching and learning the grammar of French as a foreign language. In the Chinese university context, French grammar is conceived as a type of language knowledge preparing for the development of communication. It is given an important place in the classroom, in textbooks and in examinations. It often happens that Chinese students have difficulties using their grammatical knowledge appropriately adapted to the communication situations.Training students in many grammatical exercises does not automatically lead to a real mastery of a foreign language. How to position the teaching-learning of grammar so that the didactics of French is more communicative in Chinese university context ? What approach is adopted ? What exercises and activities should be developed in and outside the course ? What terminology should be used ? Based on these questions, we gathered different linguistic theories, we studied different approaches and supports through different books published in China and France to find out what will allow beginner Chinese students to learn French grammar better in their country specific context of learning, China
Rezapour, Rouhollah. "Le bilinguisme français-persan en linguistique-didactique : syntaxe et sémantique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040068.
Full textThis dissertation, using the theory of linguistic neoteny, supports the idea that the order initially established by a language in a speaker who has become bilingual at a later stage is no longer stable at the time when the second language is inserted, and subsequently an unequal competition between the two languages becomes apparent. There exists an interdependence between the language and the identity of the speaker. The subordinated French-Persian bilingual, who has immigrated to a francophone area at the age of linguistic adulthood, tries to insert another system of linguistic behavior, another mode of being, in a cognitive space which does not sustain the need to continue to function normally. Thus, s/he overcomes his/her Persian monolingualism, that is, his/her natural specialization, in order to opt for French-Persian bilingualism.The French-Persian bilingual child born into alinguistically mixed family is theoretically conceived to create his/her immanent being in both languages.But in reality, the value ascribed to a language, schooling, the choice of family language, and several other determining factors significantly affect the speaker’s choice of his/her preferred language. If the French-Persian bilingual’s sense of self-sufficiency allows him/her to identify him-/herself as a speaker of French to the satisfaction of his/her linguistic environment, the appropriation and practice of Persian in his/her family are no longer strictly necessary because s/he sees him-/herself in a mental, cultural and linguistic universe whose oral reality is more relevant to the social sphere
Diaz, Villalba Alejandro. "Le participe dans les grammaires des langues romanes (XVe-XVIIIe siècles). Histoire comparée d'une classe grammaticale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA080.
Full textThe study investigates the history of the word-class of participle through a close study of a corpus of French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian grammars which were published between the 15th and 18th centuries. The comparative approach is based on the methodological principle of “series of texts”, by grouping and collating a hundred works according to several variable parameters: the chronology, the theme or the grammatical tradition of the language in question.The first part of the study deals with the linguistic categorization and questions the nature of the non-finite verbal forms, especially the participle and its use in an analytical verbal form. The second part deals with the history of the participle from a more general point of view. Thus, after an overview of the problematic aspects of Greek and Latin grammarians, the analysis focuses on the treatment of the word-class in the grammars of the Romance languages. The third part focuses on the approaches and concepts used by the Renaissance grammarians to deal with compound tenses and on how they described and (re)-categorized the participle forms of these verbal tenses
El estudio presenta la historia de la clase del participio a través de un corpus de gramáticas de español, francés, italiano y portugués publicadas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. El enfoque comparativo se basa en el principio metodológico de la constitución de series textuales, que nos permite agrupar y cotejar un centenar de textos en función de parámetros variables: la cronología, el tema o la tradición gramatical de la lengua objeto.La primera parte aborda el asunto de la categorización en lingüística e indaga la naturaleza de las formas no finitas del verbo, especialmente la del participio y su utilización en las formas analíticas del verbo. La segunda parte propone una aproximacióna la historia del participio desde una perspectiva más general. Así pues, tras una cala en los aspectos problemáticos relacionados con el participio tratados por los gramáticos griegos y latinos, el análisis se centra en el tratamiento de la clase en las gramáticas de las lenguas romances. La tercera parte investiga sobre los enfoques y los conceptos que emplean los gramáticos del Renacimiento para tratar los tiempos compuestos, y sobre el modo en que describen y (re)categorizan las formas participiales de esos tiempos verbales
Books on the topic "Français (langue) – Grammaire comparée – Langues germaniques"
Eléments de grammaire comparée: Français-créole, guyanais. Matoury: Ibis rouge, 2003.
Find full textRobinson, Orrin W. Old English and its closest relatives: A survey of the earliest Germanic languages. London: Routledge, 1992.
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