Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Français (Langue) – Ordre des mots'
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Cappeau, Paul. "Le sujet postposé en français contemporain : analyse syntaxique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX10016.
Full textThis thesis deals with the postposition of subject in modern french. Both oral and written data have been collected. Three parameters have been used to describe four different types. Each of them is specific and can't be reduced to the others. The type i includes all the constructions in which a "quelement" appears before the verb. The oral data shows that the distinction between simple and reported questions is not the best way to describe that problem. All the verbs can be found in this organization which allows the clitic and non clitic subject. The type ii collects what is generally called the "incisor". Only a few verbs (five different groups have been described) can occur there. The verb is weakened : it has lost the property to construct any elements but a clitic on its left, it can't easily change of modality. It presents a combination of two units (a verbal one, the "incisor", and another one anteposed) between them the relations are not syntactic but belong to the macrosyntaxe. In the type iii, only the clitic subject is possible. The sentence always has a non assertive modality. The term which appears before the verb gives the modality. When no element is realized at this place, the interrogative modality is the most frequent. The type iv gathers together all the cases in which only a non clitic subject is possible. . .
Lahousse, Karen. "The distribution of postverbal nominal subjects in French : a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082346.
Full textThis dissertation gives a systematic and comprehensive description and analysis of the distribution of postverbal nominal subjects in French. Although Modern French is often described as a language with a generalized subject-verb word order (SV: JeanS arrivaV), in some contexts, the subject can follow the verb (VS: Alors arrivaV JeanS). All recent global approaches to VS have privileged either a syntactic, or a semantic or a pragmatic analysis. The present study challenges these approaches by offering a detailed description of the distribution of VS based on both syntactic and pragmatic factors, and an analysis which involves syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties of both the VS construction and the context it appears in
Chun, Jihye. "Interface syntaxe-topologie et amas verbal en coréen et en français." Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867292.
Full textRoy, Mathieu. "Étude comparative sur l'impact sémantique de la position adjecivale dans un syntagme nominal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27913/27913.pdf.
Full textCombettes, Bernard. "Recherches sur l'ordre des éléments de la phrase en moyen français." Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21004.
Full textFrom a pool of nine texts of the fifteenth century (narrative and historical texts), one establishes three chronological stages. The change of basic word order from theme-verb to subject-verb-object is studied in independant clauses and subordinate clauses. For this study, we adopt the methodological framework of the functional sentence perspective, which correlates the syntactic level with the thematic level. It is possible to analyse the development of verbobject order taking into account three principal types of subordinate clauses : relative clauses, adverbial clauses, conjonctive clauses. We try to establish a correlation bet
Pagani-Naudet, Cendrine. "La dislocation du XIIe au XVIIe siècle : histoire d'un procédé de style : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2027.
Full textDislocation is described as an emphasis process, obtained by separating and repeating as a pronoun an essential component of the sentence. Though it is now acknowledged as a typical feature of oral and colloquial language, dislocation belongs to the most ancient heritage of our literature. The practice and reception of dislocation mainly depend on the grammatical context caused by the redundancy phenomena from the XVIIth century onwards. Fluctuating between mistake and literary device, that structure will not be the subject of a syntactical analysis until the end of the XXth century. Dislocation seems impossible to reduce to a strictly formal description, as its identification mainly lies on intuition. That is the reason why our study intends to reconsider literary past of dislocation, to recount its history, a history wich is in touch with the evolution of the language, the development of grammatical reflection, but also with the building of the linguistic feeling
Mérigot, Philippe. "L’influence de l’ordre des mots sur l’impact des messages publicitaires : une exploration des effets de la loi du second lourd." Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090005.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the use language in advertising. After a state of the art of marketing applications of linguistics, we focus on syntax and more precisely word order. We study the order of two coordinated words and examine a principle of organization coined by Claude Hagège, the Heavy Close Law (HCL), which says that languages tend to place the heavier term in the second (closing) position; heavier because it contains more syllables, or syllables in the lower frequencies of the acoustic spectrum. We propose that the origin of HCL can be found either in cognitive economy, because HCL could prevent parsing systems from overloading, or in prosody (the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech) because HCL conforms to the falling melody of the affirmative sentence. Subsequently, we test the effects of transgressing HCL on ads recall and recognition, and attitude towards the ad (Aad), in two laboratory studies. Finally, we examine the effects on the impact of an actual emailing campaign, by manipulating the subject line of a commercial email sent to 88,000 consumers. Results show that transgressing HCL has effects on recall and recognition only in the case of set expressions. Concerning (Aad), our study shows that transgression of HCL results in a tension that must be resolved at the end of the message. Moreover, when a message contains several phrases transgressing HCL, it is perceived as less irritating, less boring, and more credible. Finally, the study on email offers new linguistic perspectives for research on email marketing
Gamallo, Otero Pablo. "Construction conceptuelle d'expressions complexes : traitement de la combinaison "nom-adjectif"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20004.
Full textThis dissertation deals with meaning construction of linguistic complex expressions, particularly with + adjective-noun ; conceptual composition. Its main goal is to build up a theoretic frame suitable for the analysis of semantic problems concerning grammatical polymorphy, lexical polysemy or even metonymy. Such a theoretic frame is mainly conceived on the basis of notions stemmed from langacker's cognitive grammar, but ideas and formulations from both formal semantics (predicate logic, situation semantics,. . . ) and generative lexicon (pustejovsky, franks. . . ) are also taken into account the work as a whole relies on the hypothesis that linguistic expressions are directly linked to the conceptualization devices used by a speaker-listener in order to construe and organize the conceptual space (i. E. The universe of interpretation). Such conceptualizations devices are specified and characterized at different levels of abstaction for example, syntactic forms are conceived as instructions which configure and characterize semantic categories on the basis of a very schematic informational content to carry out such a category characterization, this work examines in detail the internal organisation of predicate structures, particularly the assignment operation of an entity to a predicate role. Lexical forms are also conceived as instructions which configure and characterise entities in the conceptual space. Yet, they do not characterise schematic categories, but an undetermined amount of assumptions concerning the organization of informational content at different levels of specification. This work relies on the conceptualization devices to build up a formal pattern of the semantic composition process. Such a compositional process is conceived as a set of conceptualization operations working on several aspects of the combined entities in order to integrate them into a composite entity. Taking into account the theoretical pattern of semantic composition defined previously, the last part of the dissertation describes the conceptual construction of some adjective-noun expressions
Elnady, Ahmed Ali Abdel Gawad. "L' ordre des mots dans la phrase de Gustave Flaubert : position, portée et interprétation des circonstants de temps, lieu et manière dans l'Education sentimentale : étude syntaxique, stylistique et poétique." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/elnady_a.
Full textThe object of study is to propose an approach which seems most relevant highlighting the various operating modes from circonstants of time, place and manner in the sentence of Gustave Flaubert. These modes are based on the psychomecanic of the language of Gustave Guillaume, and particularly on the theory of the incidence. But it is initially necessary to define circonstant and to propose the linguistic criteria for its identification. The thesis thus consists of three principal parts. The first part poses the theoretical framework of this research, starting from a definition of the concept of circonstant in language. This part deals in detail with grammars and work of linguistics (including the most recent aspects of the question). In the second part, we discusse as a starting point the typology of the incidences of Claude Guimier who concentrates on English adverbs (1988) and the adverbs in - lies in French (1996). Three operating modes of the circonstants can thus be distinguished: the endophrastic intra-predicative circonstants, the exophrastic circonstants and the circonstants which range from intra to extra-prédicativité. The third and last part of this work is the one which shows the stylistic importance and the poetic value of circonstants in the work of Flaubert
Choi, Juyeon. "Problèmes morpho-syntaxiques analysés dans un modèle catégoriel étendu : application au coréen et au français avec une réalisation informatique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040211.
Full textThis dissertation aims at proposing the formal analysis of the linguistic phenomena, such as the case system, the double case, the flexible word order, the coordination, the subordination and the thematisation, in the two structurally distinct languages: Korean and French. The formalism of Applicative Combinatory Categorial Grammar, developed by Jean-Pierre Desclés and Ismail Biskri, allow us to analyze these problems by means of the combinators of the Combinatory Logic of Curry and the functional calculus of the Church's types. By taking account of these formal analysis applied to Korean and to French, we discuss on the « anti-anti relativist » hypothesis by finding some syntactic invariants from the different operations such as the predication, the determination, the quantification, the transposition and the coordination. We propose also a categorial parser, ACCG, applicable to Korean and French sentences, which generates automatically categorial calculus and the operator-operand structures
Pham, Van Quang. "L'ordre des mots dans les romans francophones de Cung Giu Nguyen, Pham Van Ky et Pham Duy Khiem : étude linguistique,stylistique et poétique de l'inversion du sujet et de la place des compléments et des adverbes." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20019.
Full textAmid the variety of francophone literatures and Vietnamese literatures, Vietnamese francophone literature – always in quest for its identity – appears the best, as it becomes the sharing spot for ideologies, thought attitudes of mind, then it allows inmost feelings to pour out as well as noble longings for human contacts and personal or national pride. But first of all, the Vietnamese francophone literature promotes the spreading of French, the very tongue Vietnamese authors adopt as the best language to show their literary creativity. Examining the order of words throughout seven novels of three writers: Cung Giu Nguyen, Pham Duy Khiem and Pham Van Ky, allows us to explore closely the connection between literary creativity and the structure of French language. To be more precise, the purpose of this essay is to examine the implementation of the “grammatical norm” constrained and compelled by the rules of the language, and to emphasize the particular structures stand out, as they result from the stylistic choice of the novelists. From that basic approach we want to enlarge our investigations to the field of textual linguistics or grammar of text, as well as the field of prose poetics. This questioning is mainly corroborated by the close examination of the position of three principal components: subject, complements and adverbs, and by the taking into account of their positional function in the textual and literary production
Thuilier, Juliette. "Contraintes préférentielles et ordre des mots en français." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781228.
Full textAnsari, Amir. "Analyse contrastive des mots persans et français." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030092.
Full textBreuillot, Martine. "L'ordre des mots du grec ancien au grec médiéval et moderne." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0004.
Full textThe word-order in Greek only enjoys apparent freedom and must be analyzed as a linguistic feature and not as an exercise in style. Starting from a corpus of forty-two extracts that reflect as faithfullyas possible the spoken language, and ininterruptedly spanning twentyfive centuries, we have studied the place of the determiner in the genitive, of the object personal pronouns, of the subject (more accurately of its "epitaxis") and of the adjectives. From this analogical and contrastive study have emerged trends of evolution in the word-order as well as landmarks in chronology. Throughout the centuries, the polymorphism of ancient greek has evolved and becomed selective. Thus the Greek language has selected, rejected and retained, recently adopting a less flexible word-order, in which usage has eventually become the norm. A more comprehensive corpus and additional analyses would undoubtedly enable us to strengthen the scientific assessment that has already been achieved and to promote studies in greek diachronic syntax
Thuilier, Juliette. "Contraintes préférentielles et ordres des mots en français." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070074.
Full textThis thesis introduces an experimental and quantitative approach to language through the study of the concept of soft constraints and its application to two phenomena of order in French : the position of the attributive adjective and the ordering of verbal complements occurring in postverbal position. Soft constraints are defined as affecting the acceptability rather than the grammaticality of the sentences. Our main hypothesis is that these constraints are properties of the language and thus must studied in syntax. These constraints raise a methodological issue : since they do not affect the grammaticality of the sentences, they cannot be investigated using the traditional tools of syntax (introspection and grammaticality judgment). It is therefore necessary to define tools for their description and analysis. The proposed methods are statistical analysis of corpus date, inspired by the work of Bresnan et al. (2007) and Bresnan & Ford (2010) and, to a lesser extent, psycholinguistic experiment. Regarding the position of the adjective, we test most of the constraints encountered in the literature and we propose a statistical analysis of the data extracted from the French Treebank corpus. We show the importance of the adjectival item and the nominal item with which it combines. Other constraints linked to the internal syntax of the adjectival phrase and the noun phrase also play a significant role in the choice of position. The work on the relative order of the verbal complements is conducted on a sample of sentences extracted from two newspapers corpora (French Treebank and Est-Républicain) and two corpora of spoken French (ESTER and C-ORAL-ROM). We show the significant influence of the constituent weight over the ordering : short before long order which is a feature of SVO languages like French, is observed in over 86% of cases. We also identify the important role of the verbal lemma associated with its semantic class (annotated with the dictionary of Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997). Finally, building on the analysis of corpus data as well a two questionnaires eliciting acceptability judgments, it seems that nor animacy neither information structure (given/new, Prince, 1981) have a significant effect on the postverbal complement ordering
Haji, Safar Ahmad. "La théorie des positions : l'exemple de l'arabe." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/haji-safar_a.
Full textThis work divides in two parties, in the first one, we worked to study the question of the positions through the history, this step led to us to go back up until the remarks of Platon, Aristote and many others to understand the first conceptions of a linguistic reflection, and draw in the same time a line which we consider logical for the progress of this question of positions. The second is notably dedicated to the theoretical elements scattered in source grammatical Arabic, and who deal with the question of the positions. This collection, we reflected it by the presentation of the main lines of the Arabic grammatical thought in the first party, in this presentation we chose to base us on the book of az-Zamahsar for its late character with regard to the precursors of the discipline. The late character allowed us to see the evolution of the value of the positions in the Arabic grammatical theory since the first book which is us parve
Elnady, Ahmed Ali Abdel Gawad Rémi-Giraud Sylvianne. "L' ordre des mots dans la phrase de Gustave Flaubert." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/elnady_a.
Full textVilloing, Florence. "Les mots composés [VN]n/a du français : réflexions épistémologiques et propositions d'analyse." Paris 10, 2002. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01363526.
Full textThe aim pf this PhD is the study of French [VN]n/a compounds such as "porte-plume, casse-cou or tord-boyaux". These compounds constitute problematic data and have been analysed as morphological or syntactic constructions. Within a modular approach of grammar, my aim is to démonstrate the validity of a morphological analysis of these compounds and to present some of the morphological and semantic constraints to which the [VN]n/a construction is submitted. First, we present some epistemological reflections on the way [VN]n/a compounds were treated by the two main theoretical trends that distinguished morphology from syntax, namely the historical and comparative grammar of the 19th century and the post-lexicalist generative grammar of the 20th century. . .
Wang, Honglu. "L'ordre des mots et le changement d'ordre des mots en chinois : analyse synchronique et diachronique." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0040.
Full textThis linguistic work on typology is a study on the order of constituents in chinese. Is chinese a S-O-V (subject - verb- object) language or a S-V-O language? This dissertation discusses in detail the different arguments given by the tenants of the two different hypotheses. It also deals with other word orders than the sole order of the "subject", "verb" and "object" constituents. The work is divided into three parts : one diachronic part untitled "Word order in ancient Chinese", one synchronic part on "Word order in contemporary Chinese" and one part in where our corpus is analyzed. The diachronic work shows that the Chinese was originally a S-V-O language and has been unchanged all along its history. The changes were however significant in other areas : prepositions, classifiers, etc. It is showed in the synchronic part, that the hypothesis of S-V-O is more convincing. The third part presents two oral speeches belonging both to Standard Mandarin. One detailed analysis of these two speeches show undoubdetly that contemporary Chinese is indeed a S-V-O language
Tsai, Mei-chih. "La modification adverbiale et l'ordre des mots en chinois." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070047.
Full textThe word order appears to be the major problem in the phenomenon of the adverbial modification in chinese. The crucial distinction between the two types of adverbial elements, i. E. Adverbial and complement, is their pre- and postverbal position. In addition, they can be distinguished by their semantic properties, their scopes and their hierarchy levels. The adverbial sequence depends on the difference of scope. The locative which takes the initial position of the existential sentences functions as a topic. The adverbial propositions such as the causals and the conditionals, though their distribution is similar, do not have the same syntactic structure. The restrictive distribution of the adverbial elements in the cleft sentences can be accounted of by their scope as well as the stative nature of the predicates that they associate with
Roche, Michel. "De l'attribution du genre aux mots nouveaux dans la langue francaise." Toulouse 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU20001.
Full textOur purpose was first to account for gender assignment to new words. On a corpus of 7000 french nouns, in connection with the different types of word formation (derivatives, compounds, loan words, etc. ). In some cases, the choice of gender may be attributable to a single factor, but it is generally the result of competing influences (endocentric, exocentric, morphophonological, semantic, etc. ). Historically, the proportion of masculines among new words has been growing from old french to the present day. The principal reasons are the increasing role of masculine as "unmarked" gender, the decline of some patterns of word formation, the changes in the origin of loan words, etc. The part played by grammatical gender to structure the french vocabulary tends to decrease on the morphophonological field (the connections between gender and word endings are weakening), and becomes semantically more important (development and analogical series). The balance between masculine and feminine has been upset in favour of the masculine not only from a quantitative point of view, but also from a quantitative one : the masculine vocabulary is more varied, more valued than the feminine one
Collay, Sandra. "Impact de la consistance orthographique sur la production verbale écrite de séries de mots." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF20003.
Full textThis research was interested in the consistency impact on written groups of production. Classically, there are more errors and longer reaction times with inconsistent words than with consistent words. However, the consistency impact has only been invastigated in regard to the isolation words production. Consequently we wanted to study the consistency impact on groups of words production. In order to do so, we used the serial recall task because it necessary implies groups of words recall and simualtes the words production. Eleven experiments have been conducted to explore this effect. Results of two princeps experiments revealed an unexpected effect : inconsistent words were better recalled than consistent words. We replicated this effect in three succeeding experiments. Then, we tried to give some explanation to this new effect (i. E. , tne inconsistency effect). The results suggest thant inconsistent words have a visual specificity taht pick up a part of the attentional resources allowing a distinctive encoding. The last chapter was interested in the dual route model that allowing the interpretation of the constency effect. Some research suggests that the sublexical route may be less automatic and slower than the lexical route. Indeed, this sublexical route may be under strategic controle. In the literature, results from oral production research were not clearly in accordance with the strategic control. We realized four additional experiments in written words production under dictation, but our results did not bring more support to this hypothesis
Nozarian, Bernadette. "Mots, mets, mémoires : le traitement des spécificités culturelles en lexicologie bilingue." Paris, INALCO, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INAL0007.
Full textThe treatment of cultural particularities in bilingual lexicology necessitates a thorough investigation of the language, culture, establishment of equivalent terms, cultural contacts. This research includes an analysis of the works of the German philosophers of the Age of enlightenment, American linguistic anthropologists, the sociologist N. Elias. It then treats more practical aspects of bilingual lexicology and attempts, by a general reflection based on commentaries of the above works, to bring to light cultural heritages and perspectives applicable to specialised bilingual lexicology. Although the angle chosen for this research is Hungarian-French bilingual gastronomical lexicology, based on gastronomy and Hungarian-French bilingual culinary dictionaries, the intention is to present a general analysis, which could apply to any two compared languages
Takada, Hareo. "Etude contrastive de certains types de mots composés japonais et français." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131004.
Full textThe objective of this study is to make clear, by a contrastive method, the organisation of Japanese and French nominal compounding, in order to togive a guidepost to those who wish to teach the vocabulary of Japanese or French as a foreign laguage, from a point of view of learning strategy, as well as to those who whis to learn it from the same point of view. Four types of construction (i. E. Noun of Noun and Noun no Noun, NounAdjective and Adjective Noun, modified Noun modifying Noun and Modifying Noun modified Noun, and Verb Noun et Noun Verb), were taken up as an objecti of study, in order to answer the question why a type of typologically equivalent nominal compounding shows more often a difference of productivity between the two languages, while another does not. In order to explain this phenomenon in the framework of lexique-grammaire, we examined some transformational and distributional properties of the two languages
Kefalova, Ludmila. "Les unités lexicales complexes : productivité et opacité en français et en bulgare." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21018.
Full textUngureanu, Cristina. "Équivalences ou emprunts ? : le français, le roumain et les mots anglais." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0005.
Full textKim, Iee-Jung. "L'expression du but en français : des locutions conjontives finales aux substantifs prédicatifs de but." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131006.
Full textHaji, Safar Ahmad Hamzé Hassan. "La théorie des positions l'exemple de l'arabe /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/haji-safar_a.
Full textSignaté, Diame. "Grammaire française : les systèmes corrélatifs dans l'histoire du français jusqu'au dix-septième siècle." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131012.
Full textWe studied the correlative systems in the history of the french language from the middle ages up to the classical epoch. Our study though based on historical backgrounds, it also includes many theoretical analysis to explain the idea of "correlation" and to identify the structure of all the syntaxes. This study permitted to discover the changes which took place between 11 and 17 century. It shows also an intelligent use of a sentence must be made when correlating a proposition with another. It clearly shows also that the middle age authors excessively used the word correlation and this has frequently different meaning from its modern usage
Khatchatourian, Elizaveta. "Les mots du discours formés à partir des verbes dire / skazat' en français et en russe." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070035.
Full textThe semantics of Discourse Markers (DM) deriving from the speech verb lead to basic problems of the communication evoked by the semantics of the verbs dire / skazat' (to say). The discrepancy between p (words corresponding to the scope of the DM) and Z (the state of affairs that p presumes to say) bears two types of the "autonomisation" of what is said: (1) focalization on the words (p) employed to express Z, (2) focalization on the participants of the communication that use these words and disengage towards what the words say. The research presents a contrastive analysis of two couples of words: disons I skazem and pour ainsi dire / tak skazat'. The description is based on the same parameters of the comparison: scope, position of the DM, prosodic detachment which formal sign is putting in commas. The application of the semantic identity formulated for each word is illustrated by the analysis of contexts of use
Adamou, Evangelia. "Imaginaire linguistique et dynamique lexicale : les mots d'origine grecque en français." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H039.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to describe and explain the synchronic dynamics (André Martinet) of Greek origin words in French using the model of Linguistic imaginary (Anne-Marie Houdebine). This study was carried on by taking into consideration the uses and the system of Greek origin words in contemporary French (based on a corpus of 800 words attested in the media) and the French attitudes in a causal relation to the use of these words (60 interviews). Internal and external factors show that Greek loanwords are highly integrated in every day French, their use in the scientific terminology is established and word formation in every day language is increasing. We are therefore able to predict that the use of Greek loanwords in French will be preserved in the years to come
Cortez, Gomes Ana Maria. "Structure propositionnelle et ordre des mots en portugais brésilien et en portugais européen." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081590.
Full textAhronian, Céline. "Les noms composés anglais, français et espagnols du domaine d'Internet : traduction des composés anglais en français et en espagnol." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/ahronian_c.
Full textThis research is part of a perspective of translation assistance and neological creation. The scientific object is to draw up the linguistic profile of the English, French and Spanish compound nouns of the Internet lexicon and to design a method for translating the English compounds to come into French and Spanish built upon a standard equivalence system between the source and target compounds. The first part aims at outlining the compound noun and isolating compounds among all the lexical units. The morphosyntactic and semantic profile of the English, French and Spanish compound nouns of the Internet terminology is outlined in the second part so that translators can be supplied with the required information and the foundations for the future equivalence system can be laid. The terms were collected in a trilingual corpus made up of computer magazines. The analysis of the compounds is divided into three parts (morphosyntactic profile, semantic profile and combination rules). The methodological and theoretical background required to develop the standard equivalences is set in the third part. The creation of the English-French and English-Spanish equivalence system, the obtained results and the identification of the exceptions are also explained in this part. After having considered the interest of computerizing the equivalence system for translators, the research ends with the automation of the equivalence system, i. E. The design of a translation assistance tool. A multilingual terminological database is created
David, Sophie. "Les unités nominales polylexicales : éléments de description et reconnaissance automatique." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070108.
Full textMathieu-Colas, Michel. "Dictionnaire électronique des mots français à trait d'union : problèmes de lexicographie informatique." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131003.
Full textHyphenated words are oneof the main difficulties of french spelling ; moreover, they constitute a choice sample for a linguistic study of compound words. For this reason, a systematic inventory has been made in the form of an electronic dictionary. Each entry is coded formally and semantically in the following manner : morphological description (type of compound grammatical category, flexion) ; spelling (noting variation) ; semantic information (features, field of refefence, "classes of objects" and registers). All in all, more than 17000 units are thus described. This lay-out lends itself to aprecise analysis of the parameters present, concerning more particularly morphology, spelling and typology (study of the forms ofcompounds : over 300 types are represented). The last part of the study includes a glossary of 1900 phrases with a hyphenated form (a la va-vite, boire du petit-lait, centre hospitalo-universitaire) and a presentation of the main productive models involving neologisms and free creation. Beyond the particularities linked with the hyphen, the ways of represenging lexical information in an electronic dictionary are investigated : splitting up the entries makes it possible to deal not only with the morphological description of the units, but also with the semantic characterization (in particular the fields of reference and the "classes of objects"), indispensable for the effective use of thedictionary by the computer
Faurin, Christian. "Les hypothèses transformationnelle et morphologique dans le traitement générativiste de la dérivation." Grenoble 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE39038.
Full textThe generativism of transformational or morphological allegiance, regarded as an explicative hypothesis of derivation, is based on a few debatable principles whose simplism surprises in comparison with the bringing into play of complex resources in the formalization of the theory
Yoo, Hi-Yon. "Ordre des mots et prosodie : essai de description et de formalisation pour le grec moderne." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070028.
Full textThis work examines the relations between word order and prosody in Modem Greek. The aim is to propose syntactic, prosodic and communicative criteria explaining the choice of one word order among all the possible linearizations. First, the possible word orders for a given dependency tree are determined. Second, the correspondences between a given linearization and all the possible melodic configurations (corresponding ta a given communicative structure) are established. Two experimental studies (on ward stress and on the contours of constituents) show the importance of the communicative structure in defining the prosodic contours. The analysis is placed in the Meaning-Text Framework. The grammar I present covers the analysis of complex structures. The Greek data are also compared to French and Korean. Finally, I present an implementation of the correspondences between the syntactic level and the sound output, via the topological and phonological levels
Tallet, Christine. "Mots-outils homophones hétérographes. Leur enseignement à l'école primaire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030182.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study the spelling practice of primary school pupils facing the heterography of homophonic words, a linguistic reality difficult to acquire. The different resources of the graphic system to distinguish, in writing, what is confused orally, constitute a comfort for the reader but a difficulty for the writer, especially for the most frequent grammatical words. To produce the graphics for a/à, la/là, ou/où, et/est, son/sont, on/ont, mes/mais, ce/se, pupils have to learn the polyvalency of the graphemes and get away from the phonographological connection. The difficulty is not the same for each pair of homophones. These tool words are taught in pairs based on identical phonics. The method used in class rests on 2 main principles, the process of substitution and their application in exercises. Each pair has its own process. Written work and metagraphic commentaries taken from a sample of 240 pupils aged 8-12 as well as a survey of teachers and a study of school textbooks allow us to focus on the teaching methods and pupils’ interpretations. The results of the analysis demonstrate the difficulty pupils have putting learned procedures into practice, in keeping with the context. While the pupils are able to quote the learned pairs, their use in written work demonstrates a linguistic insecurity. The conclusions of this work allow us to formulate some didactic proposals
Panov, Sergueï. "La grossièreté et ses représentations en russe : approche sociolinguistique, comparative et interculturelle." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30062.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation is devoted to a contrastive study of how rude words work in Russian : swearing, insults, vulgar and obscene words. It aims tentatively at investigating the variations in the way the French and the Russians use supposed "four-letter" words in their everyday life and speech. In what context are rude words used in Russian, and what is their function ? What are, from an intercultural point of view, the linguistic mechanisms at work which select some and promote them as the items most used, and in what particular cases of verbal intercourse ? What status should they be assigned : standard vs non-standard ? To that end surveys have been conducted both in Russia and in France to determine the socio-linguistic context of foul expressions. A French-Russian dictionary of obscene words has thus been sketched out with approximately 1000 corresponding words and phrases
Mpenga, Annie Lucienne. "Les maux et les mots de la femme dans la littérature gabonaise." Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2009BOR30089.
Full textThis study of women’s problems as expressed linguistically, through word usage, is based on a corpus of representative works by Gabonese authors and its French title plays on the homonyms maux meaning « problems, predicaments », and mots, meaning « words ». The underlying methodology used here relies on Goldman’s and Duchet’s sociocritical approach combined with Charaudeau’s and Ratier’s discourse analysis and the interactional focus of Kerbrat-Orecchioni. The study determines that specific lexical and syntagmatic items (name words, titles, hypochoristic names, etc. ) are linked to a particular topology, that of Gabon, and they also highlight the levels and register of language which have been chosen by authors of different cultures, generations and sex. Moreover, grammatical categories (nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs) point to characteristic patterns of speech used by female characters. A comparison of the way these linguistic elements are used shows the diverse relationships of the authors to the langage they have chosen to write in
Delgadillo, Esguerra Iris Viviana. "Representations linguistiques des mots civilisation, culture et interculturel : quelles constructions identitaires véhiculées par les enseignants et futurs enseignants colombiens de français ?" Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2029/document.
Full textThe integration of culture in FFL (French as a Foreign Language) teaching in Colombia deals with three key concepts: Civilisation, culture and interculturality. In order to understand teaching practices and their limitation to teach culture based on folkloric images of people, it will be necessary to examine teachers’ linguistic representations of these three concepts as well as the identity construction that teachers’ representations spread. Only; a semantic approach accompanied by a relation to knowledge analysis, would allow us to understand the actual teaching practices in the classroom. This study is placed at the intersection between the Semantic of Argumentative Possibilities and foreign languages didactics, thanks to the implantation of an experimental protocol that incorporates a semantic approach into the analyses obtained through relation to knowledge In order to be directly in contact with French teachers from the state schools of Colombia, we have chosen the reintroduction of French Teaching project (Proyecto de reintroduccion del francés) as the context for this study. This project started in 2009 thanks to the efforts of the Ministry of National Education and the French embassy in Colombia. The participants were divided into two groups. One of 8 French teachers and the other of 39 future French teachers, who were in training and responsible for the teaching of French in primary and secondary schools. We believe that the experimental protocol used in this research is a way to analyse the singularity of teachers’ practices: This approach seems to provide a good understanding of teaching practices, even if it underlines problems caused by the lack of training in the field of methodology and didactics of foreign languages. As a matter of fact, the pedagogical choices put the social representation of “the self” and “the other” at stake, because they spread a certain identity construction and despite of the teachers’ good will, teachers should be aware of their choices
Hennequin, Laurent. "Les relations syntaxiques dans la phrase en thai͏̈." Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0001.
Full textThis study gives a comprehensive description of syntactic relations in the sentences of contemporary standard Thai by using the methods affiliated to the Saussurian school of linguistics. After a review of the literature on the subject (Chapter I), the study proceeds in examining the working concepts used for the description, as well as the problems which occur when adapting them to a language such as Thai (Chapter II). Particular attention is paid to the importance of word order in this language and to the treatment which is given to the signifying units by examining the problems of their invariability and of their liability to asume various syntactic functions. This is followed by a description of the syntactic structure of Thai sentences with an analysis of their components, namely a predicate, participants, adjunct phrases, dependencies of the former elements, and relators, together with the devices used to establish the hierarchic structure of the sentence (Chapter III). The following chapter makes the inventory of the various syntactic relations the elements can contract between each other within a sentence depending on its hierarchy and the inventory of the paradigms instituted by the possible relations. Some other facts are observed concerning the behaviour of signifying units in order to indicate some features original to Thai. The last chapter (Chapter V) examines, in terms of tendencies, how the units are allocated to the various paradigms thus identified. Finally, the conclusion examines the correlations between the components of the syntactic system as identified and between these components and the rest of the system as a whole so as to present an insight into the outline of the systemic organisation of Thai in its originality
Coret, Muriel. "Problèmes de suffixation et structuration du lexique : étude des mots en -eur, -age, -ment, -ion." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070026.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the segmentation of suffixed words in french, from the point of view of a morphological word segmentation theory and its application to the elaboration of electronic dictionaries. A morphologically-justified analysis of the lexical units has to answer the following problems : how to segment derived words such as programmation ? is the suffix -ion or -ation ? what is the statute of the element -at- ? does the formal segmentation coincide with a semantic breakdown ? how to describe not only the meaning of suffixes, but also those of the <> a,d the lengthening segment ? we work with a corpus of 9975 words with -age, -ion, -ment, -aison and -eur. It collects words usually described as expressing clearly linked <> and <> values and includes the suffixes -eur and -ion, for which the segmentation question is far from solved. By confronting words such as programmeur, programmation, two types of <> are identified : one <> (programm-) and a <> one (programmat-), the suffix being analyzed as the fixed part of the words. The morphological accounting of the corpus reveals some regularities in the selection process between <> and suffixes the distribution of the different realizations of the <> lengthening segment (-at, sometimes -it- or -t-) is not random. It is possible to account for most of cases where this segment does not appear on the surface (decision, fusion. By some phonological or morpholexical rules. The analysis in terms of <> basis is efficient and shows some regularities. But it isolates a lengthenin segment (-at-) whose statute is problematic, in particular on the semantic level. This question is treated by examining two subsets extracted from the corpus : the polyvalence of -eur and the statute of the <> (-at-) in pai
Skouratov, Igor. "Caractéristiques typologiques des néologismes dans le français contemporain : aspects linguistiques et sociolinguistiques." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1021.
Full textIn this work we examine the creative process of neologisms and typology of new homonymic terminologies in the french language. The study of neologisms through dictionary entries and a monitoring of contemporary french contributes significantly to the creation of words and how new terminology can be regulated. Research carried out during the compilation of multi-language dictionaries has demonstrated the existence of new words appearing in different languages at different times, but having similar pronunciations and very close meanings. Through lexicological research new tools can be used to identify and register new terms, thereby serving to create specialized lexicon that is necessary to the transmission of concepts
Girard, Frédérique. "Le traitement des accents dans la reconnaisance des mots chez l'adulte et l'enfant." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1003.
Full textIn this thesis, we examined the processing costs triggered by the presentation of a regional accent in continuous speech in adult participants. Seven lexical decision experiments manipulating the duration and the presentation conditions of accented speech indicate that regional accent normalisation involves a short-term adjustment mechanism that develops as a certain amount of signal is available, resulting in a temporary perturbation in speech processing. These results are discussed in regard to recent models of lexical access. In 5- to 6-year-old children, we examined how metaphonological awareness for accented-related speech emerges. In four categorization and discrimination experiments, we found that children were less able to discriminate non familiar regional accent features rather than foreign accent features. The relation between this asymmetry and children’s amount of exposure to accents is discussed, together with the relation between this asymmetry and accent learnability
Brand, Muriele. "La lecture des mots polysyllabiques : rôle de la syllabe et d'autres unités fonctionnelles." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL026.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis brings new light on the knowledge of polysyllabic words reading. The questions asked concern the role of syllables in reading. The use of different priming paradigm do not allow to conclude that words are read syllable by syllable. We suggested that some observed syllabic effects are not specific to reading. Two larg scales studies are presented, one in French and the other in English. Regression analysis conducted on these experiments show, among others, that in French, syllabic properties influence naming times. Finally, using a detection-letter task, we tested the existence of perceptive units in reading
Lim, Jung-Hae. "La fréquence et son expression en français." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131015.
Full textKosakai, Mitié. "Recherche sur les onomatopées et les mots mimétiques : étude comparative entre le français, langue romane et indo-européenne, et le japonais." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO2004.
Full textThis work is a phonetic and semiological analysis in the susceptible comparative formulation and the contrast of different elements. In comparing the French and Japanese onomatopoeia, the relation between the sound and the signification appear. On the other hand, the code of each language for creating onomatopoeias is revealed. After the research into the etymology, this work is brought to a consideration of the question between the “signified” and the “signifier”. Many examples in the literature or songs illustrate the effectiveness of the onomatopoeia. The longevity of the onomatopoeia and the feeling of a common sound in both languages demonstrate the longitudinal and horizontal universality
Mulamba, Watema F. Shabendelo. "L'influence et l'enrichissement de la langue pende (Zaïre) par les mots d'origine étrangère, notamment le français." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040077.
Full textThroughout our work, we have demonstrated the importance of the French language and its influence on the pende language which has enriched itself thanks to the French language through contacts with the Europeans. The concept of "bilinguism" which is presented in our work is considered, not within its psychological incidents but rather as a phenomenon that affects partly or globally a society. In this scientific undertaking, our aim is primarily related to "pedagogical research". This research will mostly be of interest to professors of French in the pende environment. We have provided a reasoning which focuses on factors 'bilinguism" as well as on a polarization of languages: pende and French, in global relationship with semantic domains that are complementary in the acts of communication. A pende individual has no difficulty whatsoever when asked to provide the meaning of such words as cahier=kaye; soldat=suta; territoire=teditwadi; monsieur=mishe; touche=tushe; avion=aviyo; garcon=ngalaso; voiture=vatidi;etc. . . Thus, one easily understands the linkage between consonant and vowel which allows for simple (open)syllables. This process would allow a professor of to give numerous examples when teaching a course on speech in order to cement this speech automation. As in the case for all bantoue languages, the pende people try to assimilate the definite article in French so as to make it an integral part of the word in the pende language. Exemples of such include: l'huile=luidi; l'hopital=lupitalo; l'état=leta; etc. .
Echchourafi, Adnane. "Vers une reconnaissance des composés, pour une désambiguïsation automatique : composés à trois, quatre, cinq et six éléments." Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1010.
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