Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Français (langue) – Sémantique – Noms'
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Huyghe, Richard. "Les noms génériques d'espace en français." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30053.
Full textWhat does one call a place ? Is there a difference between a location, a place, a spot, a space, a zone etc. ? If there is one, how can it be described ? This study provides answers to these questions through a detailed discussion of the semantics, syntax and reference of nuns such as lieu, endroit, place, espace, zone, etc. First, the properties shared by these generic nouns referring to location [NLs], such as a high degree of generality and vagueness, are identified. It is concluded that the meaning of NLs should not be analysed on the basis of the concept of "part of space" (usually used in the dictionary definitions of these worlds), but rather on the basis of the concept of landmark, i. E. An entity allowing one to locate other entities. More specifically, the referents of these nouns are presented under the angle of their being able to locate other entities, thus determining a relational conception of space. The three central NLs lieu, endroit, and place are then studied. These nouns, despite their poor descriptive potential, are not completely synonymous. Endroit is characterized by its partitive meaning ; its indicates that the landmark is part of a frame (un endroit du mur, un endroit de la forêt). Place is used to describe a location that is to be occupied by an autonomous entity (la place du livre, la place de Vincent). It can thus profile spatial extension (de la place). As for lieu, it links localization to a process (un lieu de travail) and can be used to locate events (le lieu du crime). The semantic distribution of NLs in French thus reflects the distinction between differents modes of localization, conveying a complex representation of the localizing space
Stanojevic, Veran. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms de nombre en français." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070011.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is a formal-semantic treatment of numerals. The syntactic analysis shows that numerals in French seize the position of specifiers of numeral projection. I claim that the numeral projection is enough for a semantic treatment. I analyze three types of approach concerning the interpretation of indefinites: a quantifying approach, a reference one and the approach by ambiguity. I try, within the Generalized Quantifier Theory, to define the difference between bare and modified numerals. The opposition between the total and partial information, shows that numerals are the only indicators of partial information in the model. The treatment of plural phrases introduced by a numeral proves that numerals are not specified as for the opposition collective-distributive. I approach the problem of overgeneration faced by the standard approaches at the treatment of multiple quantification by incorporating in my system the theory of logical form of Beghelli and Stowell
Anokhina-Abeberry, Olga. "Etude sémantique du nom abstrait en français." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081801.
Full textThe objective of this research was to demonstrate the relevance of classification of nouns in concrete and abstract. Though this classification is sometimes contested by linguits, it proves to be pertinent in many domains : cognitive psychology, logic, electronic dictionaries, etc. We underlined the relationship of abstract nouns and "vagueness" of this reference. Moreover, we noticed that the construction of reference of abstract nouns is connected with an individual. We observed that this link between an individual and abstract nouns existing at a referential level finds its expression also in syntactic combinations. Then we proposed the hypothesis that the origin of a link between an individual and abstract nouns comes from the time when human thought didn't distinguish cause and effect, quality and person having this quality. .
Guénez-Vénérin, Christine. "Morceau, bout, fragment, tranche, etc : les noms de parties atypiques issues d'un processus de bris ou de découpe." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30008.
Full textGushchina, Olga. "Du "bébé surprise" aux "années bonheur" : les constructions (article) + substantif + substantif en français moderne." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040124.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the model (Article) + Noun + Noun in modern French (e. G. : la percée Bayrou, un enfant-ciment, des conseillers clientèle). The research builds on a review of the classification of models N1 + N2, proposed by Michèle Noailly in Le Substantif épithète (1990). We develop a semantic-syntactic classification that includes the Noailly’s four types like groups-prototypes (qualification, complementation, coordination, identification). Then we prove that many of the examples collected has an opaque structure that combines features of two or even three types handled by M. Noailly. One way to simplify taxonomy is proposed, it will bring out the operation of the model in pragmatic. This final classification changes categories of M. Noailly and highlights the process of labeling. Our study is illustrated by a large body of novels, from categorical base type of items Frantext and from personal collection (press, literature, TV, speech and written French)
Lamprou, Efrosyni. "Les noms de réciprocité en français : Etude syntactico-sémantiqueTexte imprimé." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131006.
Full textIn this study i examine different types of reciprocal nominal predicates or noun of reciprocity in order to give a full account on their syntactic and semantic properties. These nouns can be found in constructions with the structure "These is Npred between A and B", correlating obligatory at least two elements (humans, concrets, ideas, etc. ). They can permute within the sentence without any effect of meaning. My analysis aims to contribute to a more general research working out a semantic typology of a part of the lexicon, the predicative nouns in the perspective of a natural language processing
Vaxelaire, Jean-Louis. "Pour une lexicologie du nom propre." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070035.
Full textThe last few years have seen a renewal of interest in the proper name in linguistics. However the conclusions generally drawn can hardly be considered satisfactory: the meaning of the proper name is held to be purely pragmatic and less a matter for the dictionary than for the encyclopaedia and, "in fine", not part of the lexicon but of the onomasticon. While it is true that the proper name is usually distinguished by logical means, we wish, in this thesis, to place it firmly back in a strictly linguistic framework, because the words, which we analyse, are first and foremost nouns, before being proper names. We suggest firstly to renew the generally held ideas about the proper name and to present a definition in extension since the category is not limited to anthroponyms and place-names. Then we shall define its epistemological context: a clear vision of the history of the proper name should allow us to reach a better understanding of it. This study concludes that the interpretative semantics allows for an innovative and relevant treatment of the proper name
Samvelian, Pollet. "Les nominalisations en français : arguments sémantiques et actants syntaxiques." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070073.
Full textThe fact that a verb and the associated nominalisation have the same argument structure is widely admitted in diffrerent studies on nominalisations. Nevertheless, it is well known that the possible syntactic realisations for arguments are not identical in the to cases. Thus the form of the arguments in the verbal construction does not allow to "calculate" their form in the noun phrase. So it is necessary to discover different factors which determine the syntactic projection of arguments in the noun phrase. Discovering these facteurs is the principal aim of our study. Through a deep study of different constructions such as "passive" nominalisations (e. G. La destruction de la ville par l'ennemi), genitive complements (e. G. La destruction de la ville) and psychological nominalisations (e. G. , haine, amour), we underline the great diversity of the parameters which determine the syntactic projection of arguments in a noun phrase. Within these parameters, the aspectual properties, as well as the semantique role of the arguments have a dominating influence
Cusimano, Christophe. "Polysémie et noms de sentiments : essai de sémantique générale." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ006L/document.
Full textThe present work subscribes to the hypothetico-deductive method : the first phase is dedicated to develop a set of hypothesis concerning the tools for the semic analysis, the characteristics of the sentiments' nouns, all this in order to propose an explanation to the theoretic problems posed by polysemy. More than a bibliographic investigation of the works about polysemy, the focus here is to make new suggestions. Then we seek to put to the test these remarks through empirical studies, field enquiries above all, and fewer textual studies. Our approach is related to the linguistics of the Saussurian sign, to a semantics which aspire to be general, and a mainly synchronic perspective
Kanté, Issa. "La complétive nominale finie : entre syntaxe et sémantique : une étude contrastive anglais-francais." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_kante.pdf.
Full textReinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
Full textKrol, Marta. "A travers les "trous" et les "bosses" : les noms de ruptures de continuité." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20001.
Full textWe have proved the linguistic relevance of a noun's lexical category which we have named "breaking continuity names" (Bcn). It is composed of words such as hole, bump, ridge, crack, groove, dent, lump and so on. Its distinctive and exclusive semantic attributes we have established are : [-regular], meaning they form a deviation from an abstract norm that is a "right form"; [+salient], meaning they come necessarily to the perception and entail a naming task ; [-teleological] meaning they are perceived as being without function within the whole-entity ; and [+multiple] meaning they very often identify a great number of occurrences. Other Bcn's features, not exclusive, are : [+subsequent], meaning they are perceived as entities temporally not coextensive with the whole-entity, [+natural], meaning they don't result from an intentional act, as the "archaeological signification" (they are understood as some earlier state's signs), and the fact they belong to the family of form names, with two consequent features : [hollow / full] and [line / area]. Whe also have established what the Bcn's 'behavioral program' consists of, and its two variants directed toward [+hollow] or [+full] Bcn. Moreover, we have demonstrated the involvement of the sense of touch in Bcn's meaning, just as the involvement of a surface's conceptual factor. At the same time, we have discussed the current part-whole relations taxonomy. We have suggested widen it in ordrer to put in a new meronomical kind that the Bcn imply : 'break - continuity'. We have also broached the localization's question, and proposed a new nouns of place definition. It makes it clear that the Bcn are not nouns of place, but only can possibly be, like every noun [+spatial], names of site
Gamallo, Otero Pablo. "Construction conceptuelle d'expressions complexes : traitement de la combinaison "nom-adjectif"." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF20004.
Full textThis dissertation deals with meaning construction of linguistic complex expressions, particularly with + adjective-noun ; conceptual composition. Its main goal is to build up a theoretic frame suitable for the analysis of semantic problems concerning grammatical polymorphy, lexical polysemy or even metonymy. Such a theoretic frame is mainly conceived on the basis of notions stemmed from langacker's cognitive grammar, but ideas and formulations from both formal semantics (predicate logic, situation semantics,. . . ) and generative lexicon (pustejovsky, franks. . . ) are also taken into account the work as a whole relies on the hypothesis that linguistic expressions are directly linked to the conceptualization devices used by a speaker-listener in order to construe and organize the conceptual space (i. E. The universe of interpretation). Such conceptualizations devices are specified and characterized at different levels of abstaction for example, syntactic forms are conceived as instructions which configure and characterize semantic categories on the basis of a very schematic informational content to carry out such a category characterization, this work examines in detail the internal organisation of predicate structures, particularly the assignment operation of an entity to a predicate role. Lexical forms are also conceived as instructions which configure and characterise entities in the conceptual space. Yet, they do not characterise schematic categories, but an undetermined amount of assumptions concerning the organization of informational content at different levels of specification. This work relies on the conceptualization devices to build up a formal pattern of the semantic composition process. Such a compositional process is conceived as a set of conceptualization operations working on several aspects of the combined entities in order to integrate them into a composite entity. Taking into account the theoretical pattern of semantic composition defined previously, the last part of the dissertation describes the conceptual construction of some adjective-noun expressions
Bertin, Thomas. "La polysémie des noms de parties du corps humain en français : analyse sémantique de artère, bouche, coeur épaule et pied." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR077/document.
Full textThis study comes within the scope of lexical semantics. More specifically, it deals with the topic of polysemy in the nominals. As a first step, theoretical issues of such a research are clarified. It leads to focus on the concept of semantic invariant to give an insight into the semantic identity of a given noun regardless of its contextual variations. As a second step, the empirical object of this research – human body part nouns in contemporary French – is delimited. This gives an opportunity to justify the choice of these nouns as a field of research and to set out the methodological approach. The rest of the dissertation consists in the empirical investigation itself. First of all, an overall description of the semantic variation of the French human body part nouns is provided. Then, a semantic analysis of the noun cœur (“heart”) is developed: on one hand, a semantic invariant – suiting all cœur's contextual variations (au cœur du sujet, Paul a mal au cœur, avoir à cœur de réussir…) – is formulated; on the other hand, it is shown how this variation is deeply regular. Eventually, four more nouns (artère “artery”, épaule “shoulder”, bouche “mouth” and pied “foot”) are studied from a semantic point of view. Each of these four studies offers a new opportunity to test the relevance of the semantic invariant concept in order to give an account of the polysemy in the nominals
Thomas, Izabella. "Vers un modèle d'interprétation du groupe Adjectif Nom/Nom Adjectif en vue de la traduction automatique : application du français vers le polonais." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1034.
Full textSalinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
Full textThe starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
Aji, Hani. "La conception d’un dictionnaire bilingue arabe/français/ français/arabe de verbes supports destinés à la traduction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2036.
Full textThis work aims at studying light verb colocations. A phenomenon that was introduced by Z. Harris (1964) and described by several researchers following the lab work of automatic documentary and linguistics directed by M. Gross.One of the main goals of this work is to know how these phenomena are built and how to model them and anticipate them. It will cover the characteristics differentiating this phenomenon from the other constructions like idioms, by leaning on its semantic load considered wrongly as meaningless.This research is done with the aim of creating a bilingual dictionary of light verbs (Arabic - French) (French - Arabic). Therefore, this research will also focus on the translation of these Arabic verbs in order to try to create a new type of dictionary article specially designed for them.To create this dictionary article, we will try to demonstrate the possibility of classifying the predicative nouns and their following light verbs into categories. Predicative nouns will be divided into lexical categories generated by a binary ontology created with four notions and distinguishing eleven lexical categories.The light verbs will be divided into semantic categories of light verbs "scenarios" following which they are classified and can be anticipated. These scenarios will meet the two criteria of limiting the number of scenarios and entireness/exhaustiveness of the application
Aleksandrova, Angelina. "Noms humains de phase : problèmes de classifications ontologiques et linguistiques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842220.
Full textLaurent, Nicolas. "La part réelle du langage. Essai sur le nom propre et sur l’antonomase de nom commun." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040218.
Full textThis essay explores the singularities of the proper name, which is both owned by x and refers to x. The name which x bears is not exactly the name that refers to that x and I’ll try to describe the denominative property « being called N » from an « ontological » as well as a linguistic point of view. The dissociation of the proper name’s two parts allows us to reconsider the question of its « meaning » (meaning of the proper name which refers to x and what the name that x bears signifies), before some proper names’ constructions, that are deemed « modified », are examined. I’ll try to show that three types of concepts (individual, denominative and non denominative) stratify a continuum that leads from proper names to common nouns.In a second time, I’ll try to analyze proper names such as « the Philosopher », « the City of Life » or « the Angelic Doctor », that are usually considered as nicknames. A diachronic study of the word « antonomasia » precedes a rehabilitation of the antonomasia of common noun, which aims at identifying a synchronic denominative level
Guiraud, Anne-Marie. "Le Nom fois et les expressions dérivées : étude sémantique et pragmatique dans la phrase et dans le discours." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708400.
Full textAnsari, Amir. "Analyse contrastive des mots persans et français." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030092.
Full textBlanchoud, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des proverbes russes : la sémantique des noms d'animaux." Paris, INALCO, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INAL0012.
Full textFormed of two substantival lexemes and a predicative relation, the "experience" (a necessary to the understanding of the proverbial item presupposition( is prolonged by a system of "syntactic orientations", in the first part, this notion is examined without a reference to the context. Then, in the second part, the informations provided by the simultaneous examination of experience and context are translated into the form of narrative sequential particular descriptions, the constituents of which are analyzed through the syntactical and semantic components. At last, the general conclusion (including some enlarged to the Russian tales comments) shows the different strata of the thesis, that is to say the evolution of a simple lexical unit to an unit which acquired a semanticism based on the "introjection" of affirmed or denied (second parts) experiential predicative relation (first part), before replacing itself into a larger (conclusive) entity, called the "grouping"
Ben, Gharbia Abdeljabbar. "La sémantique de la coordination." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF20101.
Full textIn this work, we have explored the treatments applied to coordination in different grammars and modern linguistic theories, with the purpose of determining the entities that can be coordinated and putting forward a meaning for the prototypical conjunctive connector of the french and arab languages. We have shown the limits of traditional grammars and the inappropriate nature of the modular approach. The autonomy of syntax, the traditional structure of constituents and the traditional system of categorization have neither enabled the generative grammar and other postchomskian formalisms to perceive the nature of the similarity of the conjuncts required by the principle of coordination itself, nor permitted to account for all coordinate structures. We retained a non-modular approach and adopted the conceptual categorization which is defended by langacker in his cognitive grammar, with a few modifications. Moreover, we have chosen another structure of constituents, which seems to be more appropriate. On the basis of these choices, we have shown that the coordinate conjuncts should be structurally equivalent and semantically linkable, and that their similarity mainly comes from the mode of conceptual organization. These choices and the numerous examples we analysed lead us to put forward "the simultaneous validation of the conceptual entities" as the only meaning of the prototypical conjunctive connector, and to bring to the fore the fact that the connector of coordination composes with the conjuncts and with all the constituents of utterance to build a signification
Kim, Soo-Jean. "Analyse syntaxique et sémantique du passif en français." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040079.
Full textThis study has as its object to demonstrate - though the passive voice - what is the paradox of the production of meaning and to present the solution that its definition provides. It is necessary to conceive how that which produces meaning functions or more exactly the relationship between grammar and semantics which we bring out in our explanation of "être" and "par". These two distinctive traits of the passive sentence will cause us to reflect upon the relationship between syntax and meaning. This perspective rests upon an understanding of language according to which the lexeme is abstract because language is not a system where names are applied to concrete objects. That is why we shall base our method upon the notion of the non-propriety of terms of which the tests are that of synonymy, polysemy, homonym, etc
Tria, Hanachi Daouia. "Du complément circonstanciel au circonstant : analyse syntaxique, sémantique et didactique." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30036.
Full textThis study aims at analysing the adverbial clause throughout history from its rhetoric origins to its contemporary presentation and also through different linguistic theories. Such a presentation enables us to identify certain difficulties encountoured by this function which is characterized by diversity and lack of details and existing within the framework of different fields: (rhetoric – semantics – logic – and syntax) and of different forms (adverb – prepositional phrase – noun – phrase – past participle – present participle – gerund – subordinate clauses – participial clauses). Further, the syntactic and semantic analysis reveals that the adverbial clauses always share unstable and imprecise boundaries with other, complements. The second part of the research is devoted to the didactic study through textbooks and students of EFL production. This analysis stresses again the difficulty of teaching / learning such a notion. However, the learners intuitively feel that this notion belongs to the semantic field
Barmou, Salifou. "La catégorie nominale en Hausa : comparaison avec le français." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030142.
Full textThe nominal category is the field of hausa grammar where no object of synthesis has been dealt with until now. It's the reason why this study has, towards seven chapiters, approached the prominent points inherent to the noun study. In this, after having defined the noun and its semantic categories, the morphology was approached where hausa uses the following main morphological processes : the derivation (suffixes, infixes, prefixes), apophony, tone pattern, redulpication, composition, loan words and neologisms. The gender (masculine, feminine) presents, for one thing, a masculine form corresponding to two feminine forms and the common gender of nouns. The study of the number is the most important and the most intricate part of this work. The prediction of a noun plural form from singular one is proved impossible. The syntax presents the nominal phrase (np) and the nominal determination where many kinds of np have been derived according to the different dependent nominals. The link element -n r plays an important fiddle : this involves the following structure : (np1-n -r) + np2. The notion of article and the analysis of sentences were widely approached. From this analysis, six syntactic nominal functions are retained : subject, object, attributive, apposition and predicate. All of the points studied in hausa have been finally compared systematically with french equivalents. This study shows that the two languages present, in general, many points of convergence. One can also underline some points of divergence like the use of tone pattern in
Saikali-Sleiman, Dana. "L’absence d'article en français : étude diachronique et sémantique." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100187.
Full textThis thesis deals with two important issues concerning the absence of the article in French : diachronic and semantic approach. Our method consist to apply an empirical study on a corpus formed of three versions of a historical text called the Conquest of Constantinople: the original version written by Geoffroy Villehardouin in 13th century, the second translated by Blaise de Vigenère in 16th century and the third by Edmond Faral in the modern French. We have find that the nominal group without an article according to their syntactical functions (nominal group with preposition, subject, noun with verb, noun with adjective grand, attribute and apposition) in this three versions. At first, this method allows us to test the traditional assumption that there has been progressive extension of the use of the French article. However, the statistical analysis of our corpus showed that the evolution of the absence of the article does not follow a linear curve. The curve at prepositional nominal group and coordinate nominal group reveals that the sixteenth century was a period in which the absence of the article was quiet frequent, we propose to explain this result by a typological and sociolinguistic causes. Secondary, we ask ourselves about the semantic value of the absence of the article. We used the Guillaumien’s framework in which we confront “article zero” and absence of article. The statistical study showed that the frequency of the absence of the article is not correlated with the syntactical functions of nominal group and that in the three synchronies (AF, MF, and FM). The application of Guillaume’s studies on the corpus confirm the presence of an ‘article zero’ that has an absolute semantic value and that in the three different versions of our corpus
Khammari, Ichraf. "De l'identité de la préposition en : approche lexicale, sémantique et syntaxique." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100081.
Full textThis work aims at improving the understanding of the identity of the en preposition within the verbal complementation framework. We come in the continuity of the theoretical approach of Saussure and Harris, for whom language is an autonomous system whose semantic structure can't be defined through referential or conceptual intuition. Our empirical approach consists in observing the preposition distributions in order to build its “signifié”. We studied the structures N1 V en N2 and N0 V N1 en N2 through a large corpus, thanks to a software facilitating the sorting and classifying of the data. Syntactic tests allowed to list verbs admitting the prepositional group en N as a complement, and to enrich the list of light verb constructions. The property of the en preposition is to allow the speaker to present N2 as constituting and classifying for N1 during the utterance act
Hamma, Badreddine. "L'invariant sémantique de la préposition Par à travers les distributions syntaxiques et lexicales." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100147.
Full textThe aim of this work is to define the semantic invariant of the preposition par in language through its various uses and discursive actualizations. We resorted to an autonomist approach of meaning which relieves and prolongs the saussurian theses and claims the unmotivated character of the linguistic sign: the language is not a tool that describes objective or conceptual entities of the real world that pre-exists to it, but a system of signs that interact with one another and with other linguistic phenomena to “make sense” according to what is allowed or not by the language. It leads to consider that the specific “signified” of par – common, in our opinion, to its various discursive facets – has to do with the expression of an atypical situation that contrasts negatively and differentially with others, presumed more adequate from the speaker's viewpoint. A prominent feature that characterizes the PP introduced by par is its relation of consubstantiality with the verb and the subject of the sentence. These heuristic principles have been established based on the observation of a wide corpus of various occurrences of this item, and have been validated by an empirical work in support of a wide range of morphosyntactical tests and criteria allowing determining distributional classes selected by par
Vaguer, Céline. "Les constructions verbales "V dans GN" : approches syntaxique, lexicale et sémantique." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100085.
Full textFrom the hypothesis which the form informs about the meaning, a corpus of attested utterances has been constituted and collected in a database so as to allow the observation of syntactic, lexical and semantic combinatorial of prepositional groups complements ("argumentaux") introduced by French preposition dans with a verb. The research on one hand identifies and describes all the verbs which subcategorize this preposition and on one other hand finds the interpretations which emerge from these combinations so as to further in the semantic identity of the French preposition dans and of the complement in general. From the syntactic point of view, the result of the investigation consists of a list (of uses) of definable verbs by their complementation with dans and characterized by a certain number of properties : the study brought to a successful conclusion in the definition of a lexical class, a paradigm also united on the semantic plan. The French preposition dans is analyzable in every case as a marker of "coi͏̈ncidence", whatever is the particular value of a complement. The contribution strictly linguistics of the study is defined and presented by sort to allow us the using in the computational linguistics field
Hochard-Bihannic, Sandra. "Analyse lexico-sémantique de la phytonymie populaire hispano-américaine." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES1011.
Full textA meaningful element of our language and a key testimony to our conceptualization way, the vegetable kingdom, which constitutes the backdrop of this investigation, is observed through 2357 phytonyms. The detailed study of te semantic movements implicated by each vemacular name allows us to understand their origins and to realize the importance of plants in hispano-american culture, from a twofold perspective diachronic and synchronic. The analysis shows te predominant role of te metaphor in te act of naming since peoples had to use a pre-existing linguisitic material when they gave names. Characterized in its geographic, literary and phraseological diversity, this phytonymic lexicon addresses the problem of the contact between languages and that of the factors which, in spite of the mutability of the signified, justify that a signifier— Spanish or Amerindian — is kept in the vocabulary and used in the lexical creation
Kerfelec, Valérie. "L'exclamation : syntaxe, sémantique, pragmatique en anglais et en français." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040148.
Full textThe 'exclamatory examples' given by linguistic and grammatical reference books or even by native speakers when asked are extremely varied in number and quality. This goes well beyond the usual confusions typically brought about by the categories of Traditional Grammar. Eventually one has to admit there exists a wide gap between how confident the speaker feels about naming proper forms and how uncertain the actual contours of the category are. Accordingly the aim of our research is not so much to design a theory of exclamation as to understand the way it functions. This implies investigating the phenomenon without losing sight of the forms that make it up and considering how one proceeds from exclamation to exclamations and exclamatory sentences. The analysis is based on a corpus of 672 examples illustrating all the disparities observed and includes critical reading of past and current literature on the subject. All the forms and hypotheses that can be met with being thus gathered , the analysis tries to select among them or synthesize them. It generalizes whenever possible but is mainly set on discriminating and classifying , so as to come to a better understanding of what exclamation can possibly be both in extension and intention
Lee, Hee-Seung. "La structure des compléments du groupe nominal en français et en coréen modernes : étude de linguistique comparative." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070081.
Full textThis research demonstrates that the definitive distinction between the interpretive concepts +argument; and +circumstant;, which has been ably shown in the passive, also has a relevant bearing in the analysis of other important themes, namely, the nominalization (a noun phrase having as its head a nominalization) and the causative (a phrase having a suffixed psychological causative verb as exciter). Thus, if one considers a phrase and a noun phrase in korean constructed respectively around a verb and its corresponding nominalization, one learns that the argumental asymmetry between the term-object (argument) and the term-subject (circumstant) of the phrase can also be verified within the mode of the realization of the noun phrase's complements, and especially in the phenomenon of "argumental paradox". Insofar as the causative in french and korean is concerned, this also displays the relevance of the distinction between +argument; and +circumstant;, bringing into discussion a relatively unknown dimension of suffixal causativation, that is to say, an identification between the "non-obligatory and non-discriminant circumstant; of the radical verbal intransitive (ex. S'excit(er)) and the "obligatory and discriminant circumstant; of the causative verbal suffix. Evaluating the pertinence of morphological analysis in french, i reveal an original clarification of the constructions having an intransitive (anti-causative) verb such as s'exciter or se degouter de, as well as that of the affixal status of the reflexive +se; concerned. Finally, i show that the psychological nominalizations of the type excitation or degout, contrary to common belief, are not unusual nor anormal, and that they have a syntactical-argumental organization parallel to those of their parental intransitive verbs such as s'exciter or se degouter de. Moreover, i bring into light the "categorial distortion" phenomenon in the position of the genitive np of the noun phrase in korean
Yune, Sok-Man. "Contribution à la construction d'une "grammaire onomasiologique" du français : de l'évènement aux énoncés." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040167.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is mainly to examine and to discuss theoretical bases of what can be called a "semantic or notional grammar" of a natural language. Such a grammar takes as decisive criteria not linguistic forms (morpho-syntax) but sentence production mecanisms by the speaker (enunciator). For this purpose, the sentence production mecanisms are first caracterized within the framework of the enunciation model (performance model) of b. Pottier. Special attention is given to the idea that what the speaker puts into linguistic signs is an abstract and global message elaborated as the result of mental representation called "conceptualization" taking place at the moment of each enunciation. The operation of conceptualization which b. Pottier considers as being practically independant of a particular linguistic system is described as a set of choices of mental operations articulated at two levels : conceptual level i where the speak chooses an event as a base of mental representation and conceptual level ii where the speaker projects, on the event choosen at level i, different sorts of mental operations directly depending on his intentionnality (six categories assumed to be universal are distinguished : diathesis, actance, determination, aspect, time (tense) and modality). Once this theoretical approach is presented and justified, an application to french is put forward, especially for the diatheses operations
Bonami, Olivier. "Les constructions du verbe : le cas des groupes prépositionnels argumentaux : analyse syntaxique, sémantique et lexicale." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070070.
Full textEdema, Atibakwa Baboya. "Etude lexico-sémantique des particularismes français du Zaïre." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030072.
Full textThe use of french as a foreign language in zaire for more than a century presents a full range of divergences that lingistic studies usually designate lexical, syntaxique idiosyncrasies, and the like, this as far as standard french is concerned. These disparities contribute in showing the gap taht exists between native speakers and non-native speakers in such a way that the speech output of the the laters in generally characterised as intrusions, a term that is deliberately used to cover up the notion of erros. Dismissing this notion of + mistakes ;, the present study devotes itself to the study of the above-mentioned idiosyncrasies, more especially lexical idiosyncrasies by attempting to resi- tuate then according to thier cognitive as well as their sociolical, sociolinguistic, linguistic and rhe, torical origins. Linguistic variables observed can thus be explained either from linguistic point of view, that is to say by exploiting the system of the language itself, or from solely the sociolinguistic point of view, or both at the same time. By adding to it the rhetorical aspect, it was our intention to reconcile the point of view essentially descriptive with the explicative aspect in view of better defi, ning the origin of the sens (de)formation of french words or/and the creation of neuw ones. Four +loci; can thus frame zairian idiosyncrasies : taxinomy (or taxinomical idiosyncrasies), re- semantisation (idiosyncrasies by re-semantisation), diathesis (syntaxique idiosyncrasies) and ar- gumentive rhetoric (rhetoric idiosyncrasies). The results (still provosional at this stage) show that some divergences are made of semantic and syntaxique characteristcs which evidently differentiate them from the autochtonus french, and that others are ascribable to the structures of french lan, guage itself. Not withstanding this, the are some that, by out growing the mere linguistic frame as well that of single contry, are a matter for cultural cryptotypes. These, then would be imputable to what an africanist linguist termed +lexical panafricanisms;. Must we evaluate the idiosyncrasies in relation to the french standard exclusively or to a widened logic ? being aware that errors exist, still we believe they must be redefined as they are linked to the notion of norm which is a statistical entity
Thiéry-Riboulot, Véronica. "Le mot Laïcité : histoire et usages contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL055.
Full textThis dissertation establishes that the new ways in which French word laïcité has been used in France since 1989 reflect a semantic evolution. It first examines the history of the word through empirical analysis of various bodies of texts. It begins with the study of the medieval form lai and the words that preceded it in ancient languages. Lai is also compared with the English word lay. These lexical evolutions are appreciated in their historical, pragmatic and intralinguistic contexts. Then the fact that laïcité, which initially belongs to the anticlerical lexicon, is derived from laïque, a relatinized word from the ecclesiastical lexicon, is questioned. This paradox is explained by examining, within lexical networks, the phenomena of specialization, axiological evolution, availability and polysemic tension. Atypical competition between the two neologisms laïcism and laïcité in the 19th century is then commented. The historical part ends with the description of the dynamic derivatives of laïque in -is- and the uses of laïcité, which appears in two phrases, until 1989. Then comes the analysis of contemporary uses of the word, based on distinctive features of the abstract nouns: laxity in the enunciative context, lack of tangible reference accompanied by terminological or definitional statements, degree of abstraction and semantic variations in the nominal phrase, recourse to allegory. The dissertation concludes with a survey that measures the extent of the meanings given to the word today
Chatar, Moumni Nizha. "Les compléments temporels en français : formes et sens." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H040.
Full textThe aim of this work is the description of the mode of participation of the temporal constructions in French to the linguistic representation of Time. These constructions are expressed either in their simple or compound forms -the traditional "adverbs" and "adverbial expressions"- or in the form of constructed units, traditionally described as "circonstantial complements". The first chapter presents a critical analysis of the usual notion of adverb, an analysis that leads to a classification fo the adverbs. First to the according to the criterium of the relation that they have with their context, whether from a linguistic point of view or other, and second, according to the types of their "incident point". (. . . )
Lee, Seong-Heon. "Les classes d'objets d'évènements : Pour une typologie sémantique des noms prédicatifs d'évènements en français." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131018.
Full textLavieu, Belinda. "Le SP moyen introduit par la préposition à : analyse syntaxique, sémantique et lexicale." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100125.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to characterize syntactically, semantically and lexically the NPI V NP2 à NP3 structure, where à NP3 indicates the means for NPI to carry out the action referred to by the verb - in other words what traditional grammar calls a "complément de moyen" - adverbial phrase of means as shown by Pierre ramone la cheminée au goupillon or Léa lave son linge à la main. The objective of this thesis is to identify the types of verbs (e. G. Why the verb abandonner cannot introduce such a PP whereas the verb abattre can) and nouns (construction of "classes d'objets") likely to fall into such a category. We will simply focus on the PPmoye„ introduced by the preposition à and therefore we try to understand why it is possible to say Léa lave sa lingerie à la main and not *Léa lave sa lingerie avec la main but why, on the contrary, one cannot say *La vieille dame marche à la canne whereas La veille dame marche avec une canne is possible. From the systematic testing of the verbs and nouns in question, and a corpus of 767 attested and made up statements, research work brings to the fore the syntactic and distributional properties of the studied PP and puts forth a hypothesis giving a semantic characterization of this constituent as well as of the preposition introducing it. The work carried out therefore gives an empirical consistency to some already existing intuitions and shows the theoretical and methodological productivity of the autonomist paradigm as initiated by Ferdinand de Saussure
Ponchon, Thierry. "Sémantique lexicale et sémantique grammaticale : le verbe faire en français médiéval." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040015.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to point out the polysemy and functions of the verb faire during a specific period in the history of French language: medieval french. As a theoretical starting-point, this thesis uses the psychomecanical notion of subduction, which is the capacity of certain words to be able to decrease their literal senses. It tries to bring out, as clearly as possible, the intermediate stages which appear between the uses of faire as auxiliary verb and those as literal sense verb
Song, Geun Young. "Les adjectifs arguments en français : analyse syntaxique et sémantique." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131022.
Full textThe framework of this research is lexicalist theory, i. E. The model of object classes, in line with Z. S. Harris’ transformational grammar and work on lexicon-grammar. This theory is based on two fundamental notions, namely predicate and argument, and the description of adjectival category was mainly focused on predicative adjectives up to the present. There exists, however, a large number of non predicative adjectival uses, and a part of them can be regarded as argument of a noun predicate. They are called argument adjectives and are the subject of this study which aims to make up for the gap in description of argument system, for only nouns were usually considered as functioning as arguments. Different points on argument adjectives such as their definition, typology, syntactic and semantic role and also their description in electronic dictionary devised from the model of object classes are discussed
Park, Jungjoon. "Propriétés sémantiques des adjectifs en français contemporain : analyse des adjectifs à sujet impersonnel." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070065.
Full textIn this work, we analyse "impersonal subject adjectives" like "probable", "rare", "important" and "sage" in French. This analysis uses the tools of the categorial grammar. A subclassification of these adjectives is made based on their syntactical behaviour. The semantic relations are examined between sentences containing these adjectives. The following hypothesis is proposed : there is a direct correspondence between categorical membership of an adjective and its semantic properties. The semantic description of these adjectives uses the tools of the Boolean semantics. The denotation of sentential complements is considered as "sentential individual", which is a set of "properties of sentences". These properties are denoted by "sentential common nouns". Since the sentential common nouns are typically related to the impersonal subject adjectives, the analysis by properties of sentences becomes justified. Consequently, the definition of the category for common nouns is proposed to include the properties of sentences
Laur, Dany. "Sémantique du déplacement et de la localisation en français : une étude des verbes, des prépositions et de leurs relations dans la phrase simple." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20037.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the semantics of motion and localization in simple sentence in french. Several basic definitions are first given in order to build a set of semantic properties associated with verbs of motion and spatial prepositions they may be combined with. The analysis of the spatial relations implied by the combination of categories of verbs and categories of prepositions enables to point out the semantical function of each of these categories in the semantics of motion and localization, revealing that this semantics does not result from simple sum of the respective properties, but from the interrelation of the various components of the sentence
Muller, Claude. "La négation en français : syntaxe, sémantique et éléments de comparaison avec les autres langues romanes." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070036.
Full textNegation may be defined in relation to assertion, as a rejection of a pragmatic presupposition. This basic value is accompanied by a derived value allowing for information transmission : descriptive negation. Operators of syntactic negation can be used with metalinguistic paraphrases (using the 'support-verbs' of assertion) as well as with surface operators. Negation is also expressed by operators adapted to their lexical context (morphological negations); inversely, the context may adapt in function of the negation (negative polarity). The choice of ne pas vs. Non corresponds respectively to a negation containing a verb among its arguments and to a negation incorporating its 'support verb', which explains the wide application range of non. Uses of ne without pas result either from the negative association codified in the 17th century, or from survivals of the former system. The negative association (combination of a negation and a dependent operator) highlights the phenomenon of non localised negation characterising the romance languages, with absence of morphological incorporation of negation in negative words. It is indicated in french by the absence of pas and the simultaneous use of ne in written french. Negative expletives can be seen in this framework as negations associated with a dominant-scope context equivalent to a positive item with a dependent negation, hence the characterisation of these constructions as inverse negative associations. The last chapters deal with modifications of determiners in negative sentences, and with the semantics of negative questions
Kim-Gautier, Miran. "Constructions de "ça" générique : syntaxe et sémantique." Strasbourg 2, 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/KIM-GAUTIER_Miran_2007.pdf.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to approach the problems which raise the construction of generic ça and to show its particularity with supporting the demonstrative pronoun ça. In the first part, we will show the status of ça as an anaphoric demonstrative pronoun. More exactly, a great variety of deictic and anaphoric aspects of this pronoun, having specified the meaning of the demonstrative ça. We study also (left or right) dislocation, topicalisation, and connotation. The second part approaches the relations between the NPs and ça. After looking the classical generic articles les, le and un as well as their combinative possibility with ça, we enlarge the application's domain of ça to other partitive quantifiers -des, du, certains, plusieurs, quelques, beaucoup de, to numerals and even to the demonstrative adjectifs. Finally, we compare the construction of generic ça with other construction : il y a. . . Qui et c'est. . . Qui
Ito, Tatsuya. "Interaction en jeu dans la variation sémantique des unités morpho-lexicales : deux études de cas : l'adjectif bon en français et sa reduplication en japonais." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100015.
Full textBen, Hariz Ouenniche Soundous. "Le fonctionnement de la néologie sémantique." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_ben_hariz.pdf.
Full textBlivet, Ozouf Corinne. "Etude lexico-sémantique en synchronie d'un ensemble de verbes polysémiques liés à la perception en français contemporain." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070049.
Full textAfter having considered some studies about this subject, our study presents a semantic description of polysemic verbs, which tries to draw closer to the continuum of meaning. We present the construction of a semantic space, which establishes a relationship between the unicity of the basic meaning and the multiplicity of the various contextual effects. We also present a system of parameters providing an operative representation of polysemy founded on contextual indications. This study concludes with the verb comparison, which defines both the semantic identity of each verb and their relationships, corresponding to the continuum of meaning
Kinouchi, Yoshiyuki. "Cas syntaxique et cas sémantique en français et en japonais." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081595.
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