Relevant bibliographies by topics / France (1775)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'France (1775)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "France (1775)"

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Oncescu, Iulian, and Laura Oncescu. "JEAN-LOUIS CARRA AND THE ROMANIANS." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.2.02.

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One of the Western travellers that went through the Romanian area during the second half of the 18th century was the French Jean-Louis Carra (1742-1793). Originary of Burgundy (France), he travelled in Europe on several occasions. He reached Moldavia as well in the year 1775, when he came to serve the Reigning Prince Grigore III Ghica (whom he had met in Russia), as a teacher of his sons and as a secretary for the French correspondence. He remained here for a year (1775-1776), and during this period he seems to have travelled to Wallachia as well. In the spring of the year 1776, Carra left Moldavia heading to Poland. A year later, in 1777, there appeared in Buillon, not in Iaşi, as it is written on the title page, Histoire de la Moldavie et la Valachie (History of Moldavia and Wallachia), a work that was to be published in the same year in Paris as well and then in its second edition in Neuchatel, in the year 1781. Our paper aims to bring into focus Carra’s works together with all the controversies it triggered in the course of time in the Romanian historiography.
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Watt, David, Spencer G. Sealy, and Mélanie F. Guigueno. "Antoine Joseph Lottinger's first book on the common cuckoo and its fosterers: a rare book with three different title-pages." Archives of Natural History 42, no. 2 (October 2015): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2015.0310.

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Responses of fosterers to parasitism by the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), recorded experimentally by Antoine Joseph Lottinger in eastern France between 1772 and 1775, were published in a book in 1775. Typographical errors in the text indicate that all extant copies of the book constitute a single impression from standing type, yet three separate title-pages were printed and circulated. Successive title-pages provided slightly different information, providing clues about the book's circulation. Initially driven by curiosity, Lottinger's work was fuelled by a desire to dispel a culture of misconceptions held by many naturalists about the cuckoo's effects on its fosterers. He was among the first naturalists to conduct egg-exchange experiments in the field specifically to record what fosterers would accept or reject.
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Cook, Malcolm. "Le Retour en Normandie, 1775." Nottingham French Studies 54, no. 2 (July 2015): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2015.0116.

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En 1775 Bernardin décide de quitter Paris pour faire une visite à pied en Normandie, pour retrouver sa sœur et ses cousins et cousines. Le manuscrit qui décrit ce voyage, inédit jusqu'ici, se trouve à la Bibliothèque nationale de France. Cet article propose une étude des principales idées exprimées par Bernardin au cours de son voyage de trois mois: nous avons les descriptions des lieux et des commentaires sur la manière de vivre des Normands; nous avons aussi des réflexions sur la vie d'une nature beaucoup plus générale, et les réflexions provoquées par une visite à la Trappe. Nous estimons que certaines des idées qui se trouvent ici sont reproduites plus tard dans les Études de la nature.
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Craig, Robert. "Revolution in Print: The Press in France, 1775-1800." American Journalism 7, no. 2 (April 1990): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.1990.10731249.

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Schneider, Mical. "Revolution in Print: The Press in France 1775–1800." History: Reviews of New Books 18, no. 2 (October 1990): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1990.9945668.

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Fowler, J. E., and Malcolm Cook. "Fictional France: Social Reality in the French Novel, 1775-1800." Modern Language Review 90, no. 4 (October 1995): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733107.

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Geloso, Vincent. "Were Wages That Low? Real Wages in the Strasbourg Region Before 1775." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 4 (February 2018): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01197.

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Robert Allen characterized the region of Strasbourg in France in the period before 1789 as exceptionally poor. New evidence suggests, however, that Allen underestimated wage levels because of a failure to include payments in-kind and to clarify the differences between skilled and unskilled workers. Moreover, his wages came from a region that is wider than Strasbourg per se. The use of wage data for the agricultural sector that were higher in nominal terms than Allen’s, with reference to regions like Paris and southern England, elevates the economic standing of Strasbourg and, by extension, that of France.
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CORLEY, MARTIN, SÓNIA FERREIRA, and VANESSA A. MATA. "Ypsolopha rhinolophi sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Ypsolophidae), a new species from Portugal and France unveiled by bats." Zootaxa 4609, no. 3 (May 24, 2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4609.3.10.

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A new species Ypsolopha rhinolophi Corley is described from northern Portugal and south-east France. It resembles Y. alpella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) and Y. lucella (Fabricius, 1775) but shows clear differences from both species in DNA barcode and in male and female genitalia. Male genitalia of Y. lucella are illustrated for the first time. The new species has been collected at light, reared from larvae on Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and recognised from DNA barcode fragments obtained from droppings of horseshoe bats.
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LANDER, JAMES. "A TALE OF TWO HOAXES IN BRITAIN AND FRANCE IN 1775." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 995–1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005711.

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In October 1775 two hoaxes, perpetrated for separate reasons by John Wilkes and his friend, the Chevalier d’Eon, briefly collided. Wilkes’s hoax, the ‘Sayre plot’, was probably intended to provoke a test of the constitutionality of the recent ‘King’s Proclamation’, which encroached upon the statutory definition of treason. The hoax involved creating the impression that a conspiracy existed to resolve the deepening American crisis by overthrowing George III. D’Eon’s hoax involved spreading the rumour that he himself was a woman in order to embarrass the French king into recalling him from exile on d’Eon’s terms, including a generous financial package. For Wilkes, although neither George III’s overthrow nor the modification of his colonial policy were likely expectations, either result would have been a bonus. And although d’Eon was unquestionably a man, he did actually (if inexplicably) desire to be perceived as a woman living the life of an heroic man. When d’Eon’s hoax suddenly progressed too far – trapping him into agreeing to dress as a woman, which, at first, he seemed unwilling to do – he delayed signing the deal for a month, until he saw that the ‘Sayre plot’ (whose success could have strengthened d’Eon’s negotiating position) had utterly failed.
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Gros, Edgard. "Nouvelles observations sur le comportement de quelques espèces de Sphéciformes paléarctiques (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae)." Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 125, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2136.

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New observations on the behaviour of some species of Palaearctic Spheciformes (Hymenoptera, Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae). Original observations were made on the behaviour of twelve species of Spheciformes belonging to six different genera: Dolichurus corniculus (Spinola, 1808), D. bicolor Lepeletier, 1845, D. haemorrhous A. Costa, 1886 (Ampulicidae); Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773), Prionyx kirbii (Vander Linden, 1827), P. subfuscatus (Dahlbom, 1825) (Sphecidae); Liris atratus (Spinola, 1805), L. niger (Fabricius, 1775), L. festinans praetermissus (Richards, 1929), Tachytes freygessneri Kohl, 1881, Tachysphex incertus (Radoszkowski, 1877), T. panzeri (Vander Linden, 1829), T. pompiliformis (Panzer, 1805) (Crabronidae). A list of preys is given for each species mentioned. The observations were made in the field between 1967 and 2019 in France, Spain, Portugal and Tunisia.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "France (1775)"

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Smith, Lisa Wynne. "Women's health care in England and France (1650-1775)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369366.

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Cook, Elisabeth Ann. "The operatic ensemble in France." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235615.

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Stella, Claude. "Le Parlement de Toulouse et les affaires publiques de 1775 à 1790." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10024.

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Le parlement de Toulouse restauré en 1775 dans ses anciennes prérogatives, après trois ans d'interruption, engagea en 1787 et 1788 une lutte implacable contre la monarchie qui tentait d'instaurer une plus équitable répartition des charges publiques (édit portant prorogation du second vingtième). Une série de longues et cinglantes remontrances témoigne de cette opposition acharnée. Le parlement de Toulouse proclama que seuls les états généraux assemblés selon les formes de 1614 pouvaient accorder de nouveaux impôts. La monarchie tenta sans succès de briser l'opposition parlementaire : édits de mai 1788. De 1775 à 1789, le parlement allait maintenir la paix publique dans son ressort. Dès le début de la Révolution, il allait tenter vainement de s'opposer à l'effondrement de l'ancien régime. Avant de disparaitre, il publia une protestation solennelle qui allait avoir de funestes conséquences
Restored in its previous prerogatives in 1775, after a three years interruption, the parliament of Toulouse engaged into a merciless war against the monarchy, which tried to establish a more equitable repartition of public expenses, for instance the royal edict deciding the prorogation of the "second-twentieth" tax. A series of long and bitter remonstrances bear witness to this fierce opposition. The Toulouse parliament proclaimed that only the "general states" assembled according to the 1614 from could decide new subsidies and taxes. The monarchy tried in vain, to break the parliamentary opposition by the edicts of May 1788. From 1775 to 1789 the parliament continued to maintain public peace in the area it controlled. As soon as the revolution started it tried vainly to avoid the collapse of the ancient regime. Before disappearing it issued a solemn protest which was have dire consequences
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Bret, Patrice. "La pratique révolutionnaire du progrès technique : de l'institution de la recherche militaire en France (1775-1825)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010660.

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Sur fond de révolution chimique et de révolution française, le demi-siècle qui sépare la création de la régie des poudres sous Lavoisier (1775) de celle de l’école centrale de pyrotechnie à Metz (1824), est marqué par une rupture culturelle qui modifie les rapports entre science, technique, politique et armée. Une politique de recherche appliquée de type moderne apparait avec l’initiative de l’état, la rationalisation, la conception hors du système technique dominant dans des structures collectives liant science et technique, enseignement et recherche. La rationalisation des personnels (écoles d’ingénieurs), et des matériels (artillerie, marine) se poursuit jusqu’à a la révolution. En mobilisant les savants, le comité de salut public lance les premiers programmes de recherche militaire (poudre chloratée, obusn aérostation, télégraphe), surtout à Meudon, tout en orientant la recherche privée (1793-1794). Napoléon poursuit le mouvement (poudres, fusées, cartographie). La restauration normalise l’appel aux savants et aux ingénieurs savants polytechniciens dans des institutions permanentes - comité consultatif des poudres (Gay-Lussac, 1818 ; Berthelot, 1873), laboratoires, écoles - tandis que le modèle français gagne la Pologne (fusées), la suède (poudre), les États-Unis (pièces interchangeables). L’appel à l’invention privée resurgit en cas de crise (1870, 1914). Ce double héritage révolutionnaire aboutira au centre national de la recherche scientifique appliquée (CNRSA) en 1938
On the background of the chemical revolution and the french revolution, the halfcentury from the foundation of a state gunpowder administration under lavoisier (1775) to the creation of the central school of military pyrotechnics in mets (1825) was marked by a cultural break in the relationship between science, technology, politics and military. A modern policy of applied research appeared with state initiative, rationalisation, conception out of the dominant technological system in collective structures relating science and technology, education and research. The rationalisation of men (higher schools of engineering) and equiplment (artillery, navy) was carried on up to the french revolution. With the mobilisation of scientists, the committee of public safety launched the first programs on military research (chlorate powder, obuses, ballooning, telegraphy), mainly in meudon (1793-1794). Meanwhile, it directed private research. Napoleon followed up (gunpowder, war rochets, cartography). The bourbon restoration normalized the call to scientists or ingenieurs-savants from the ecole polytechnique in permanent institutions like the comite consultatif des poudres (Gay-Lussac, 1818 ; Berthelot, 1873), laboratories and schools. Meanwhile the french pattern spread out to Poland (war rochets), Sweden (gunpowder) or the USA (American manufacturing system). Call for private invention still happened in crisis time (1870, 1914). The double revolutionary
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Crenn, Bernard. "Les fours à chaux des marges armoricaines : 1775-fin des années 1950 : la grande mue d'une petite industrie." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0132.

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La fabrication de la chaux, principalement dans des fours alimentes au charbon, est une activite caracteristique des marges armoricaines francaises (maine-et-loire, mayenne, sarthe armoricaine) au xixe s. Il s'agit de mettre a profit les carrieres locales de pierre calcaire et souvent les mines regionales de charbon. La production dominante est la chaux d'amendement pour l'agriculture ; elle atteint son apogee vers 1860. Pour mieux saisir l'evolution sur la longue duree, on a opte pour une analyse debutant vers 1775 et se poursuivant jusqu'en 1939. L'etude qui s'insere dans une conception large de l'histoire des techniques, concerne les transformations des techniques, des sites, des paysages, des entreprises, des conditions sociales et des strategies economiques. La premiere partie est consacree a l'analyse de la dissemination d'une technique, la chaufournerie au charbon, au cours de la periode 1775-fin des annees 1830. Ce savoir- faire deja constitue sur les rives de la basse-loire angevine se diffuse et cette fabrication dispersee prend des aspects proto-industriels. La deuxieme partie met en evidence des tendances a la production de masse et a la concentration du debut des annees 1840 a la fin des annees 1870, en insistant sur l'implication de certaines societes minieres locales dans la production de chaux. La troisieme partie montre, pour la periode 1880-1939, a la fois les declins de certaines formes traditionnelles de production et l'existence de poles de resistance animes par des familles ou des societes. Le probleme de la reconversion des sites et des hommes est pris en compte
Lime making, mainly in limekilns supplied with coal, is a caracteristic activity on the armorican fringes in france (maine-et-loire, mayenne, western sarthe) during the 19th century. This know-how is turning to good account the local limestone quarries and often the regional coal mines. The dominant production is lime for agricultural enrichment ; it reaches its peak about 1860. To better understand the evolution on a long-lasting period, we have opted for an analysis beginning 1775 and going to 1939. The study which is inserted in a large conception of technical history, concerns the transformations of technics, sites, landscapes, enterprises, social conditions and economic strategies. The first part is dedicated to the analysis of the dissemination of a technic, the coal limeburning, during the period 1775-1839. A know-how, already made up on the banks of the angevin basse-loire, spread around and this scattered making takes proto- industrial aspects. The second part underscores trends toward mass production and concentration from the beginning of the 1840's to the end of the 1870's, insisting on the implication of some local mining societies in the lime production. The third part shows at ounce, from 1880 to 1939, the declines of some traditional production forms and the existence of resistance poles, led by families or societies. It takes into consideration the problem of reconversion of sites and people
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Daumas, Philippe. "Familles en révolution : 1775-1825 : recherches sur les comportements familiaux des populations rurales d'Ile-de-France : de l'Ancien Régime à la Restauration." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17525.

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Les lois révolutionnaires sur la famille répondaient à une volonté de "régénération" visant non seulement à détruire les institutions de l'Ancien Régime, mais aussi à changer l'homme lui-même pour rendre le changement social irréversible. Cette politique, qui remettait en cause des règles de vie et des mentalités inscrites dans la "longue durée", a-t-elle eu des effets réels sur les conditions de vie des populations? L'observation de la vie des familles dans onze villages d'Ile-de-France entre 1775 et 1825 à travers de multiples sources (registres d'état civil et de catholicité, archives judiciaires et notariales), montre l'importance des changements intervenus dans les pratiques culturelles, malgré un contexte marqué par des luttes politiques, la guerre et la crise économique. La conséquence majeure de la Révolution est le relâchement de l'emprise religieuse sur la vie des familles, permettant l'expression d'une plus grande liberté individuelle dans de multiples domaines ; choix du conjoint, choix des prénoms des enfants, sexualité hors mariage. . . Alors que le principe de liberté s'impose davantage que celui d'égalité, l'affirmation de l'individualisme modifie les relations familiales, en privilégiant le lien personnel et les sentiments par rapport aux contraintes collectives. Bien qu'encore minoritaires, les attitudes novatrices progressent et surtout s'étendent à toutes les classes sociales. Changements et continuités semblent cependant moins s'affronter que coexister dans une relation complexe et souvent ambigue͏̈. Ces évolutions ne sont pas linéaires. Aux bouleversements culturels imposés par la Révolution succède une phase de recul partiel, liée à la politique napoléonienne. Mais les années 1810-1815 marquent le début d'une nouvelle vague de changements, attestée par presque tous les indicateurs. Cette "deuxième révolution culturelle", dont les acteurs sont visiblement les enfants de la Révolution, semble profonde et irréversible
The revolutionary laws on family belonged to a regenerating undertaking whose goal was not only to destroy the Ancient Regime institutions but also to change man himself, in order to make this change irreversible. Did this policy ; which put into question life customs and mentalities in line with a " long time process ", have real effects on the people's living conditions ? Observing family life in eleven villages of Ile-de-France between 1775 and 1825 through many sources (such as registers of births and catholic community, notarial and judicial archives) shows the importance of the changes that took place in the cultural practices. The major consequence of the French Revolution was the decline of the religious hold on family everyday life. This made it possible for the people to express a greater indivudual freedom in many parts of their life ; for instance, the choice of the husband or wife, choice of the children's first name, sex out of marriageAs the principle of freedom imposed itself more than the one of equality, the increasing individualism modified the family relations by favouring the personal links and the feelings over the collective constraints. Although still a minority, the innovative attitudes advanced, and most of all, spread to all the social classes. However, changes and continuities seemed to be less struggling than coexisting in a complex and often ambiguous relationship. These developments were not linear. After the cultural changes imposed by the Revolution, came a period of partial backward tendency, linked to the napoleonic policy. But the years 1810-1815 marked the beginning of a new wave of change, checked by almost all of the indicators. This " second cultural revolution ", whose actors appeared to be the children of the Revolution, seemed to be deep and irreversible
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Trunel, Lucile. "Les éditions françaises de l'oeuvre de Jane Austen (1815-2007) : l'apport de l'histoire éditoriale à la compréhension de la réception de l'auteur en France." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070016.

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L'histoire des éditions françaises de Jane Austen, de 1815 à 2007, apporte un éclairage essentiel pour appréhender la réception de l'écrivain en France. En effet, bien que ses six romans aient été publiés en français très tôt, de 1815 à 1824, et n'aient jamais cessé de l'être, il existe un grand décalage entre sa renommée en France et en Grande-Bretagne, où elle est considérée comme l'un des plus grands écrivains britanniques. Ici, elle est plutôt représentée comme une romancière « sentimentale ». Ceci peut s'expliquer par la médiocre qualité des éditions françaises publiées, qui, bien que nombreuses, surtout dans les trente dernières années, donnent une image déformée de l'œuvre. Cette thèse ne s'attache pas à examiner la qualité des traductions, mais à resituer les éditions françaises dans un contexte historique et littéraire, à tenter de savoir pourquoi Jane Austen a été traduite, par qui, quand, à l'initiative de quels éditeurs, dans quel but, à côté de quels autres auteurs, dans quelles collections, et surtout pour quel public. Tout ceci permet de cerner l'image de Jane Austen dessinée par le monde de l'édition français, à destination de ses lecteurs. A cette fin, on examine notamment les « objets-livres », étudiant l'ensemble du paratexte qu'ils offrent. Une évolution s'est-elle produite dans la perception française des romans de Jane Austen, en particulier depuis la fin du XXème siècle, qui a vu la « redécouverte » de cet auteur par certains éditeurs et la part du paratexte critique universitaire augmenter ?
The history of Jane Austen's French editions brings essential light to the writer's reception in France. Indeed, although her six novels were published very early, from 1815 to 1824, and have never stopped being in print since then, there is a huge gap between her fame in France and in Great-Britain, where she is considered as one of the greatest British writers. Here she is rather presented as a « sentimental » novelist, therefore primarily appreciated by the feminine readership. This can be explained by the inferior quality of the French editions published in the XIXth and XXth centuries, which, though numerous, especially in the last thirty years, give a distorted vision of Jane Austen's work. This thesis does not attempt to examine the quality of the translations, but to re-place the French editions in their historical and literary context, to try to find out why Jane Austen was translated, by whom, when, on which publishers' initiative, to what purpose, next to what other authors, in what collections, and especially for which public. Ail this may help define Jane Austen's figure as drawn for its readers by the French publishing world. To this end, we notably examine the books as objects, studying the whole « paratext » they offer, covers, prefaces and other texts likely to present the novelist and her work. Has an evolution occurred in the French perception of Jane Austen's novels, in particular since the end of the XXth century, which saw the « rediscovery » of this author by some publishers, and the increasing part played by academic criticism ? The inflation of poor quality paperbacks seems to demonstrate that Jane Austen's reception in France is still to be built
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Delieuvin, Marie-Claude. "Marc-Antoine Jullien, de Paris : 1775-1848 : théoriser et organiser l'éducation." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H053.

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Précurseur de « l'éducation comparée », auteur du syntagme : « science de l'éducation », fondateur d'œuvres éducatives et de bienfaisance, Marc-Antoine Jullien est considère comme un théoricien de l'éducation. Héritée des lumières, sa réflexion s'organise à partir de l'idée que l'individu est perfectible. Homme du XIXème siècle, il croit aussi que les sciences et les techniques participent au progrès de l'humanité. Retracer sa pensée nécessite de lire sa destinée dans le contexte historique d'une société qui explore les domaines politique, éducatif et économique. L’origine de ce travail provient d'un questionnement sur les << renaissances >> successives de Jullien qui permettent à sa mémoire de revenir sur la scène éducative pour pérenniser une institution. Mais, a t-il amélioré l'éducation grâce à des idées nouvelles ? Son enfance, sa vie romanesque et aventureuse, sa curiosité naturelle, son esprit méthodique l'ont aidé à concevoir une théorie qui associe « l'art de gouverner » à et « l'art d'éduquer ». Partisan de la méthode intuitive instituée par Henri Pestalozzi, il s'engage avec les philanthropes libéraux qui institutionnalisent dans leurs écoles, le mode mutuel anglais afin de faciliter le développement de l'éducation populaire. Parallèlement, il élabore une méthode de gestion de l'emploi du temps pour parvenir à une meilleure connaissance de soi, influencer le cours de sa propre vie et contribuer ainsi, grâce a un perfectionnement individuel, à la naissance d'une société nouvelle qu'il nomme << civilisation >> et destine au bonheur universel.
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Ayad-Bergounioux, Soulef. "Bourgeoisie de Robe et esprit d'État : genèse sociale et historique de la domination symbolique institutionnalisée (1775-1815)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010616.

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Cette thèse d'histoire repose sur une approche "structurale" (Pierre Bourdieu), autrement nommée "sociogénétique" (Norbert Elias) ou encore "histoire sociale des idées" (Roger Chartier). Elle entend par un retour réflexif sur les conditions historiques absolutiste (dernier tiers du XVII le siècle) et révolutionnaire (1789-1799), analyser le système de domination inédit, né de la société révolutionnée. Pour ce faire la démonstration a été centrée sur un groupe restreint d'agents, qui ont tous activement participé à la construction de l'État bureaucratique consulaire: Antoine Boulay (1761-1840), Félix Bigot de Préameneu (1747-1825), Michel Regnaud (1762-1819), Claude Régnier (1746-1814), Pierre-Louis Roederer (1754-1835). Cette thèse s'ouvrira sur l'étude du système de valeurs et de pensée de ces agents, qui ont inventé la nouvelle organisation étatique. Ils permettent de saisir les logiques cognitives du groupe dominant issu de la société révolutionnée. Si l'ethos et la sociodicée de l'élite juridique bourgeoise structurent l'existence en tant que classe nouvellement dominante de la bourgeoisie de Robe, ils ne rendent pas compte des conditions objectives, historiques, de formation du groupe robin. C'est pourquoi, la seconde partie de cette thèse se concentrera sur l'étude des cadres sociaux et historiques au sein desquels les représentations collectives de la bourgeoisie d'État consulaire se sont forgées. Elle est un préalable indispensable au dévoilement des principes d'ordonnancement de l'État bureaucratique, lui-même indissociable du système de domination symbolique consulaire. Ils sont tous deux les produits de conditions historiques objectives, celles des luttes au sein du champ du pouvoir absolutiste, puis du champ de forces révolutionnaires, tous deux producteurs de réalités sociales façonnées par les nécessités structurales antérieures à leur institutionnalisation
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Lecornu, Lehman Christine. "Gabriel-François Venel (1723-1775) : sa place dans la chimie française du XVIIIe siècle." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100021.

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Encyclopédiste et spécialiste des eaux minérales Venel s'est aussi intéressé à l'analyse des végétaux et à la minéralogie. Sa biographie témoigne de l'activité et du rôle social d'un chimiste dans la France du siècle des Lumières. La suite de la thèse étudie les modalités des cours de chimie au XVIIIesiècle : les lieux où ils se déroulent, les publics auxquels ils s'adressent et le statut des enseignants. Quelle que soit la nature du cours, public ou particulier, à Paris ou à Montpellier, ces cours associent toujours un médecin et un apothicaire. La confrontation des leçons de Venel à Montpellier avec celles de Rouelle et de Macquer révèle une doctrine commune fondée sur les théories de Stahl, de Boerhaave et de Newton. Venel ne suit pas dans ses cours les idées polémiques qu'il avance dans l'article " chimie " de l'Encyclopédie. Il adopte une démarche expérimentale, fondée sur la table des affinités et ne livre sa théorie qu'en fin de parcours en guise de récapitulation
Encyclopedist and mineral water specialist, Venel has also dealt with vegetal analysis and mineralogy. The biographical sketch provides a typical example of the social role of chemists in Enlightenment France The thesis then focussed on an overall presentation of chemistry courses in eighteenth-century France : where they took place, to whom they were addressed and who delivered them. Whatever the lecture type, whether public or private, in Paris or in Montpellier, these courses always associated a medical doctor and an apothecary. A comparison between Venel's courses in Montpellier and those of Rouelle and Macquer reveals that they shared a chemical doctrine based on Stahl, Boerhaave and Newton altogether. Far from maintaining the polemical views developed in the article " chimie " of the Encyclopédie, in his courses Venel adopted an experimental approach based on the affinity table. He did not present his theoretical views until the last lectures as a kind of summary of his chemistry
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Books on the topic "France (1775)"

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Sulte, Benjamin. France et Canada, 1775-1782. Ottawa: Imprimé pour la Société royale du Canada, 1995.

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Diderot, Denis. Héros et martyrs: Salons de 1769, 1771, 1775, 1781. Paris: Hermann, 1995.

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Ugniewski, Piotr. Media i dyplomacja: "Gazette de France" o sejmie rozbiorowym 1773-1775. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo "DiG", 2006.

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Braud, Gérard-Marc. Les Acadiens en France: Nantes et Paimboeuf, 1775/1785 : approche généalogique. Nantes: Ouest Editions, 1999.

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ill, Durham Lyn, ed. Marie: Summer in the country France, 1775. New York: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1997.

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Cook, Elisabeth Ann. The operatic ensemble in France 1673-1775. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1989.

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Brothé, Eric. Victor-Guy Duperré: Mousse, capitaine, amiral, 1775-1846. Paris: Croît vif, 2006.

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Robert, Darnton, Roche Daniel, and New York Public Library, eds. Revolution in print: The press in France, 1775-1800. Berkeley: University of California Press in collaboration with the New York Public Library, 1989.

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Julien, Bigarré Auguste. Mémoires du général Bigarré, 1775-1813. [Paris]: Grenadier, 2002.

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Malcolm, Cook. Fictional France: Social reality in the French novel, 1775-1880. Providence, R.I: Berg, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "France (1775)"

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Thrale, Hester Lynch. "France I (1775)." In Dr Johnson, 131–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08286-5_35.

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Piozzi, Hester Lynch. "France II (1775)." In Dr Johnson, 133–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08286-5_36.

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Macleod, Emma V. "‘Thinking Minds of Both Sexes’: Patriotism, British Bluestockings and the Wars against Revolutionary America and France, 1775–1802." In Gender, War and Politics, 247–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230283046_13.

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Prickett, Stephen. "France and England 1795–1820." In England and the French Revolution, 105–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19614-2_3.

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Andress, David. "Overview: France, 1715 to 1815." In The Routledge Handbook of French History, 235–45. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367808471-23.

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Dee, Darryl. "Overview: Absolutist France to 1715." In The Routledge Handbook of French History, 181–90. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367808471-18.

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Dykeman, Therese Boos. "Frances Wright (D’Arusmont) (1795–1852)." In The Neglected Canon: Nine Women Philosophers, 277–320. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3400-4_8.

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Bannerman, Gordon. "‘British Trade with France’." In Politics and Trade in Britain, 1776-1914, 10. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003098140-3.

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Linton, Marisa. "Concepts of Virtue before 1745." In The Politics of Virtue in Enlightenment France, 22–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-1962-5_2.

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Callister, Graeme. "Britain, France and the Netherlands, 1785–1815." In War, Public Opinion and Policy in Britain, France and the Netherlands, 1785-1815, 41–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49589-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "France (1775)"

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DAVENAS, ALAIN. "History of the development of solid rocket propellant in France." In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1785.

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Léchot, Timothée. "« Satisfaire la curiosité » : les illustrations du Mercure de France (1724-1778)." In Littérature, image, périodicité (XVIIe-XIXe siècles). Fabula, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/colloques.6469.

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Soler, JI García, A. Pareja Rodríguez de Vera, V. Arocas Casañ, OM García Molina, S. Martínez Comendador, E. González Lozano, A. Tomas Luz, MDM Ruiz Jiménez, S. Vicente Sánchez, and A. De la Rubia Nieto. "CP-175 Descriptive analysis of active clinical trials in cardiology service." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.173.

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Iris, MG, CM Amelia María, MP Mónica, GM Andrés, V. Alice Charlotte, GL Maria Henar, BN Sara, CN Elena, GC Maria del Rocío, and BR Amparo. "CP-177 Individual parenteral nutrition: pharmacist work as a multidisciplinary team member." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.175.

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Esteban, S., I. Canamares-Orbis, C. Esteban-Alba, N. Font-Tarres, L. Pedraza-Nieto, S. Prieto-Roman, J. Troya-Garcia, et al. "4CPS-177 Long-acting intramuscular antiretrovirals: what real-world data do we have?" In 28th EAHP Congress, Bordeaux, France, 20-21-22 March 2024. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-eahp.281.

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Aguado Paredes, A., and EJ Alegre Del Rey. "4CPS-175 Effectiveness of immunotherapy as a function of age: meta-analysis of the approved combinations in first-line metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer in patients without mutations." In 28th EAHP Congress, Bordeaux, France, 20-21-22 March 2024. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-eahp.279.

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Fuentes, O., and G. Pincon. "PARIETAL AND MOBILE ART OF ROC-AUX-SORCIERS ROCK SHELTER (MIDDLE MAGDALENIAN, VIENNE, FRANCE)." In Знаки и образы в искусстве каменного века. Международная конференция. Тезисы докладов [Электронный ресурс]. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-308-4.15-16.

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The rock shelter of the Roc-aux-Sorciers at Angles-sur-lAnglin (Vienne, France) is one of the archaeological reference sites for the Upper Paleolithic. The sculpted, painted and engraved frieze was gradually brought to light in its archaeological context by Susanne Cassou de Saint-Mathurin and Dorothy Garrod from 1949 onwards (Saint-Mathurin, Garrod, 1950). A wealth of archaeological material was discovered alongside the parietal art, comprising numerous works of portable art, tools made of animal bone, jewellery, etc. It was very rapidly observed that the portable art and the parietal art shared the same graphic and thematic conventions. For example, images of female bodies are rendered in high relief, in a monumental way, but also in the form of small statuettes. Our research has demonstrated the undeniable intra-site links between the portable art and the parietal art (Pinon, 2012). Here we propose to broaden this analysis within a well-identified culture of the Middle Magdalenian known as the Magdalenian of Lussac-Angles spearpoints. At the time of the discovery of the Magdalenian site of La Marche in 1937 (Vienne) (Lwoff, Pricard, 1940), some similarities had been identified between this site and that of Le Roc-aux-Sorciers, where the discoveries dated back to 1927 (Rousseau, 1933). These similarities are also perceptible in shared techniques (Chehmana, Beyries, 2010), as well as in the production of objects in hard organic materials such as the Lussac-Angles spearpoints (Pinon, 1988), the jewellery in fossil mammoth ivory (Dujardin, Pinon, 2000), the engraved horse incisors (Mazire, 2009) and the figurative art (Bourdier et al., 2016 Fuentes, 2016). We propose to further explore the links between these two sites through the analysis of the dynamic processes of reworking images. In particular we examine the engraved plaquettes of La Marche and the parietal art of Le Roc-aux-Sorciers to bring these links into perspective. This could shed light on some common ways of seeing the world in this Magdalenian group. Bourdier, C., Pinon, G., Bosselin, B. (2016). Norme et individualit au Rocaux-Sorciers (Vienne, France): approches des mains du registre animalier au travers de la forme. In M. Groenen, M.-Ch. Groenen (Eds.), Style, Techniques and Graphic expression in Rock Art (pp. 1735). BAR S2787. Chehmana, L., Beyries, S. (2010). Lindustrie lithique du Roc-aux-Sorciers (collection Rousseau). In J. Buisson-Catil, J. Primault (Eds.), Prhistoire entre Электронная библиотека ИА РАН: https://www.archaeolog.ru/ru/el-bib 16 Vienne et Charente. Hommes et socit du Palolithique (pp. 453460). Association des publications Chauvinoises, mmoire XXXVIII. Dujardin, V., Pinon, G. (2000). Le Magdalnien dans la Vienne et la Charente. In G. Pion (Dir.), Le Palolithique suprieur rcent: nouvelles donnes sur le peuplement et lenvironnement (pp. 213222). Actes de la table ronde de Chambry, 12-13 mars 1999, Mmoire de la Socit prhistorique franaise 28. Fuentes, O. (2016). The social dimension of human depiction in Magdalenian rock art (16,500 cal. BP 12.000 Cal. BP): the case of the Roc-aux-Sorciers rockshelter. Quaternary International, 430, 97113. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.quaint.2016.06.023 Pericard, L., Lwoff, S. (1940). La Marche. Commune de Lussac-les-Chteaux (Vienne). Premier atelier de Magdalnien III dalles graves mobiles. Bulletin de la Socit Prhistorique franaise, 37(79), 155180. Pinon, G. (1988). Fiche sagaie de Lussac-Angles. In H. Camps Fabrer (Dir.), Fiches typologiques de lindustrie osseuse prhistorique. Commission de nomenclature sur lindustrie de los prhistorique. Cahier I: sagaies (fiche 3bis). Universit de Provence. Pinon, G. (2012). Art mobilier et art parital du Roc-aux-Sorciers (Angles-surlAnglin, Vienne, France): disparits ou sens communs In J. Clottes (Ed.), Lart plistocne dans le monde / Pleistocene art of the world / Arte pleistoceno en el mundo (pp. 15491558). Bulletin Socit Prhistorique Arige-Pyrnes. Mazire, G. (2009). Les incisives de chevaux graves. In G. Pinon (Dir.), Le Roc-aux-Sorciers: art et parure du Magdalnien. Runion des Muses Nationaux. http://www.catalogue-roc-aux-sorciers.fr Rousseau, L. (1933). Le Magdalnien dans la Vienne. Dcouverte et fouille dun gisement du Magdalnien, Angles-sur-lAnglin (Vienne). Bulletin de la Socit Prhistorique franaise, 30, 239256. Saint-Mathurin (de), S., Garrod, D. (1950). Une frise sculpte du Magdalnien ancien dcouverte Angles-sur-lAnglin, dans la Vienne. Acadmie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres, 94(2), 123128.
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Fratini, Fabio, Manuela Mattone, and Silvia Rescic. "The building materials of “Colle del Melogno” Central Fort (Liguria, Italy)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11544.

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The Melogno pass (Colle del Melogno) is located at 1026 m above sea level, between the high Val Bormida and the hinterland of the Finalese (province of Savona) and is one of the highest mountain passes in the Ligurian Alps. In ancient times, this zone was considered strategically important from the military point of view since it is located at the crossroads of many communication routes. In these areas, in November 1795, during the “Battle of Loano”, the French army, commanded by Andrea Massena and the allied army of Austria, prevailed over the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by Oliver Remigius von Wallis. However, the territory remained possession of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, between 1883 and 1895, the worsening of relations with France induced the government to erect, near the pass, three imposing fortifications (Tortagna, Settepani and Centrale) to prevent an entry into Piedmont by armies coming from the coast. For the same purpose other fortifications were erected near the passes of Tenda, Nava, Turchino and near the villages of Zuccarello, Altare and Vado. The most impressive among the three fortifications of Melogno pass is the Central Fort. It occupies all the saddle of the pass and it is crossed by the provincial road 490 connecting the coast of Finale Ligure to Piedmont. The fort, still of military property, is a listed historical artefact. It has a polygonal shape, with a main barrack developed on two floors. Four defensive and attacking emplacements were located outside the main complex, along a detached hill, with heavy artillery pointed towards the coast. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building through mineralogical and petrographic analysis and will verify both the variations occurred during the construction phases and the relations with the local supply sources.
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Campos, João. "The superb Brazilian Fortresses of Macapá and Príncipe da Beira." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11520.

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During the eighteenth century Portugal developed a large military construction process in the Ultramarine possessions, in order to compete with the new born colonial trading empires, mainly Great Britain, Netherlands and France. The Portuguese colonial seashores of the Atlantic Ocean (since the middle of the sixteenth century) and of the Indian Ocean (from the end of the first quarter of the seventeenth century) were repeatedly coveted, and the huge Portuguese colony of Brazil was also harassed in the south during the eighteenth century –here due to problems in a diplomatic and military dispute with Spain, related with the global frontiers’ design of the Iberian colonies. The Treaty of Madrid (1750) had specifically abrogated the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Portugal and Spain, and the limits of Brazil began to be defined on the field. Macapá is situated in the western branch of Amazonas delta, in the singular cross-point of the Equator with Tordesillas Meridian, and the construction of a big fortress began in the year of 1764 under direction of Enrico Antonio Galluzzi, an Italian engineer contracted by Portuguese administration to the Commission of Delimitation, which arrived in Brazil in 1753. In consequence of the political panorama in Europe after the Seven Years War (1756-1763), a new agreement between Portugal and Spain was negotiated (after the regional conflict in South America), achieved to the Treaty of San Idefonso (1777), which warranted the integration of the Amazonas basin. It was strategic the decision to build, one year before, the huge fortress of Príncipe da Beira, arduously realized in the most interior of the sub-continent, 2000 km from the sea throughout the only possible connection by rivers navigation. Domingos Sambucetti, another Italian engineer, was the designer and conductor of the jobs held on the right bank of Guaporé River, future frontier’s line with Bolivia. São José de Macapá and Príncipe da Beira are two big fortresses Vauban’ style, built under very similar projects by two Italian engineers (each one dead with malaria in the course of building), with the observance of the most exigent rules of the treaties of military architecture.
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Rial Zamudio, Sabela. "Vinculaciones entre arte y terror. La insurgencia vanguardista en la Europa del siglo XX." In III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.4917.

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Cuando Karlheinz Stockhausen valoró los atentados del 11S como "la mayor obra de arte jamás realizada", el escándalo provocado fue mayúsculo. Varios de sus conciertos fueron suspendidos y hasta su propia hija pianista anunció que no volvería a actuar bajo el apellido de su padre. Sin embargo, la vinculación entre arte y terror no resultaba ni mucho menos nueva o descabellada. Ya en 1757, cuando el terror aún estaba por surgir, Edmund Burke definía el concepto de lo sublime como una categoría evocadora de lo oscuro y terrorífico. No es de extrañar que fuese precisamente él quien años después acuñase el término terrorismo en referencia al sistema de higienización implantado en Francia durante la Revolución. Ya en el siglo XX el terrorismo cultural llegó de la mano de la vanguardia artística. Fue a partir de este momento que la destrucción de la moral tradicional, la exaltación de la vida y la lucha contra la monotonía comenzaron a convertirse en reivindicaciones habituales de los movimientos artísticos, que se decantaron por actitudes cada vez más violentas y contundentes como medio para conquistar sus exigencias. Los dadaístas ya habían manifestado su fascinación por los grandes maestros del asesinato cuando Breton visionó el hecho de disparar a ciegas contra la multitud como el acto surrealista más puro. Pero no fue hasta los años sesenta que la influencia de la vanguardia acabó por derivar en notables incursiones en el campo de la verdadera lucha armada. La segunda mitad de este decenio se vio marcada por el estallido de los disturbios y ocupaciones del 68, así como por la progresiva incorporación de la acción directa y el terrorismo político en el seno de una revuelta cultural que no sólo definiría el cambio del paradigma artístico sino también una nueva forma de entender la actividad subversiva.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.4917
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