Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'France. Armée – Recrutement et engagement – Renaissance'
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Guerreiro, Lucy. "Arrière-ban et noblesse : le service militaire féodal en France (1445-1598)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ANGE0007.
Full textDuring the 15th century, the french royal army was composed of several armed forces and primarily the ban and arriere ban. Even with creation of a permanent army in 1445 by Charles VII, the feudal military service due to the king by his vassals for possession of a fief continues. Composed by the whole nobility, it is inside arriere ban that nobles fight and ensure the protection of society. During the 16th century, the royal power never ceased to use it and to try to reform it in order to make it more effective and adapt it to the new conditions of war. As in 1503-1504, where, under Marshal de Gié, a general survey of fiefs of the kingdom was launched. In 1539-1541, Francis I launched a new general survey which resulted in the development of income thresholds associated with a type of military equipment, because type of military service depended on level of feudataries’ incomes.The purpose of this work is to draw a portrait of the feudal military institution, to understand its organization and operating during 150 years with three types of sources. Royal orders and Rules because it rules feudal military service. Convocations, which is the king’s calling nobles and feudataries to war, because it permits to observe when arriere ban is used by the royal power. Finally, the « roles », lists of names of feudataries which contain informations like incomes levels and military equipment. The question is to see how far arriere ban is integrated into the wars of the late 15th and 16th centuries and to identify its missions, in a time of changes at war and affirmation of the Modern State
Lagache, Stéphane. "Sélection et allocation de la ressource humaine dans les régiments de l'armée de terre : réflexions sur la conscription." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989IEPP0010.
Full textClaudel, Michel. "Définition et conduite de la politique du personnel sous-officier dans les armées françaises de 1635 à nos jours." Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020038.
Full textLéger, Jean-François. "Les jeunes et l'armée : attentes professionnelles et représentation des métiers militaires en 2000." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H027.
Full textWhat really encourages a young person to become a soldier ? This question has become particularly important since 1996, when the decision was taken to fully professionalise the armies, and when the suspension of military service has obligated military institutions to process to a huge recruitment campaign in 1997. The large number of other ranks to be recruited (about 30. 000 per year) caused real disquiet : were the armies and the gendarmerie capable to fulfil every job and attract enough young people motivated by the military career ?
Berrette, Valérie. "Les engagés volontaires de l'armée de terre (EVAT) : l'influence de l'environnement social, familial et professionnel sur le métier de soldat." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H126.
Full textMost army soldiers fulfill their duties in « operational » battalions, the purpose of which is combat. In this perspective, they must be ready to deploy, at any time, to foreign theatres of operations where France would be concerned. More than a job, soldiers choose a way of life, heavily ruled by their professional constraints in terms of availability (factions, services, missions, trainings, foreign operations). A survey was carried out among 1940 soldiers using questionnaires and 62 individual interviews. This gave them the opportunity to express themselves on difficulties to conciliate social, family and personal lives with this profession. Young and single when taking on, they live at the battalion; liberated from material constraints and family duties, they are willing to be mobile. However, personal situation evolution, boredom due to the nature of the activity, an image that does not match military reality have an influence on these soldiers' dynamism
Catros, Philippe. "Des citoyens et des soldats : histoire politique de l'obligation militaire en France de la Révolution au début de la Troisième République (1789-1872)." Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20059.
Full textThe liberal French Revolution of 1789 rejects all ideas of military service but, forced by the 1789 armed revolution and radicalisation that led to war, the French revolution is compelled to resort to enforcing enrolment before it established a military conscription and defining five classes of conscripts for the Republic. Making use of this conscription, Napoleon's government develops it further by enforcing recruitment which makes military enrolment rational recruitment. This is the kind of enforced recruitment that the French Restauration will put in place in 1818 under the name of " appeal ", having abolished the conscription for building up a professional army. But the same tensions are experienced as during the rising up of the French Revolution during the XIXth century. In opposition to those who want to identify citizens with soldiers, those who want to reduce the standing army which demonstrates too openly the military power of the State or those who want to turn the national guard into a national militia, those who want to bring together citizens and soldiers by turning the standing army into a national military high school, there are always those who want a distinct differenciation between the civil and military society of the State - it is them who defend the possibility of replacement and a long lasting military service. From the " Monarchy of Juillet " to the second French Empire, they were responsible for the failure of numerous projects of reform. In fact, we must wait for the emergence of Prussian power, and especially the disaster of 1870, to establish again the principle of personal service. Nevertheless the syncretism of 1872, for which the main point is the deletion of the replacement, does not identify symbolically the citizen with the soldier as was the case during the French Revolution, and furthermore, it does not see in each citizen an effective soldier. The professional army born under the French Restauration does not disappear, even if it has a new function : that of providing military training to new citizens. Finally the law of 1872 establishes two principles : obligation for every citizen to enrol during wartime - legitimated by patriotic duty - and a first military organisation of the nation (not in the form of this armed militia claimed since the French Revolution - an army merged in the nation - but in the form of an armed nation, with a military system geared to enrol its citizens during wartime
Hamelin, Fabrice. "La spécificité militaire, une construction institutionnelle : le cas de la formation des officiers du génie aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0038.
Full textSaliba, Fabrice. "Les politiques de recrutement militaire britannique et française (1920-1939)." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30029.
Full textMilitary recruiting policies determines the manpower owed to the army. Studying British and French army recruitment is not only a military history work. British and French traditions in this subject are very different. In United Kingdom, the army is constituted by voluntaries, professionals. In France, military manpower is mainly recruited by compulsory service. Otherwise, problems about military recruitment are closely linked with the State structures; thus it's possible to study on institutional, social and political indeed even diplomatic issues. Decisions about personnel, not only reflect the dominant tendency of the military policy of a State, but come within the more general scope linked with international relationships. Then, regulations determine partly the role given by the executive power to the army. The subject raises a lot of questions: Why France considered conscription as an essential point of her defence between the wars, while Britain thought that compulsory military service was impossible to implement in peacetime? Moreover, is military recruitment a consequence of the military policy, or is the manpower system influencing the military doctrine?
Andrivon, Milton Sabine. "La Martinique et la grande guerre." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0103.
Full textSick, Sylvain. "Les conscrits du Léman et du Mont-Blanc, la conscription et la Grande-Armée, sous le Consulat et l'Empire." Paris 12, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA120067.
Full textThese works are articulated around two sections. The first is dedicated to the study of Leman and Mont-Blanc conscripts in the heart of their state of origin. The conscript population is studied though operations of conscriptions the sanitary state that characterised them, the public spirit that they showed, as well as through particular phenomenon such as replacements, rebelliousness and it’s repression. The second part of this research analyses what became of these same individuals once they have been incorporated in the regirnents of the Great Army. These works, mainly statistical, study the distribution during the ordinary and extraordinary levies of the Empire, before presenting these men’s militar careers trough their participation in the campaigns. The history of their regiments, and what became of them. A last part evokes the dismantlement and the destiny of the soldiers and states of Leman and Mont-Blanc in 1813-1814
Neviaski, Alexis. "Képi blanc, casque d’acier et chemise brune : une tentative subversive vue par les archives françaises." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040060.
Full textThe litigations between Germany and the French Foreign Legion started before the 1st World War. Despite this, the end of the war changed the situation. For one part, the two nations were no longer equal to each other, as Germany had lost the war, and was suffering from important internal problems. On the other hand ‘the old Legion had died in the trenches in the North of France’. Because of this, the Legion, as an institution, needed to rebuild itself. Unfortunately to do this, and to renew itself, it needed war- hardened troupes, which could only be recruited from their old enemy, Austria and Germany. This paradox, not only was the start of a rivality between the nations, to assure the recruitment, or its refusal, but also led to a spy system being formed between the two countries. In its term this led to a communication’s system being formed around social evolutions and the life surrounding the Legion. For the French Foreign Legion, the period between the two World Wars, is a passage from one war to another, and has no peaceful moments. It is a period where it questioned itself, adapted to subversive political elements, and which it became part of the rivality between growing colonial and political differences
Ba, Amadou. "Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Full textOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Pigeard, Alain. "La loi Jourdan-Delbrel du 19 fructidor an VI : application et évolution en France du 5 septembre 1798 au 4 juin 1814." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD001.
Full textThis act dated on fructidor 19th in the year VI (september 5th 1798), upon general Jourdan's proposition based on the following principles : in case of danger in homeland, all the citizens had to do their military service, the length of which was unlimited. French young men aged 20 to 25 were all concerned. Replacement was authorised and from the year x, conscription became the recruiting system of armies. The opposition to that system concerned (tougher from 1812) and according to the regions, (the south west of France was more opposed to conscription). The law passed on fructidor 8th in the year XIII settles the drawing lots, the legal exemptions and authorizes replacement. A lot of draft evaders or rebellions people (about 1/4) refused to obey these military duties. So, "mobile columns" of soldiers and men at arms were set up to track those who refused to go. In spite of the laws of amnesty, the opposition always remained rather sharp. The number of conscripts between 1804 and 1813 was 2 432 335 men, a great number of whom never rejoined the depots. That law was abroged by the 1st restauration in 1814 and restored in 1818 in the name of Gouvion Saint-Cyr act
Boulanger, Philippe. "Géographie historique de la conscription et des conscrits en France de 1914 à 1922 d'après les comptes rendus sur le recrutement de l'armée." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040241.
Full textThe geography of conscription and conscripts in France from 1914 to 1922 defines a field of thought both in space and time, starting from a military source the first field of research and the reports about recruitment made by the army then after those reports can be confronted to the analysis of others sources : civil and military, private and public they essentially offers to measure the singularity of conscription in the French space during the application time on the 7th august 1913 law's on military recruitment. Thank to this, it permits to define an original problematic : how this military institution, as regard to the deep political, social and cultural impacts, takes place in the metropolitan and national territory, as well as in the French national identity? Besides a first unity of sources and its critics, presentation of the method approach of this subject finds his articulation on two parts: the first about the territorial dimension of conscription, the second about the social geography of conscripts. In the first part will be seen the elements inherent in the historical geography of this military institution, which became universal and obligatory in 1905. The territorial structures, the regional contrasts of recruitment, the relationships between conscription, the territory and the national assimilation, define his spatial dimension, as well as on the military / political / cultural plane the second part turns on the sociocultural characteristics of conscripts. The levels of instruction the professions and the health of the young men, compiled and examined by the military administration are analyzed according to a spatiotemporal approach. They offer to measure, among others conclusions the progressive disparition of the Saint-Malo -Geneva line, that determinates a secularly and cultural between two France of inegal development
Lubac, Michel. "La politique de communication sur la professionnalisation des armées françaises (1996-2002)." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10040.
Full textJauffret, Jean-Charles. "Parlement, gouvernement, commandement : l'armée de métier sous la troisième République : 1871-1914." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010534.
Full textChambon, Pascal. "Du consulat à la seconde Restauration : l'exemple d'une société provinciale entre guerre et paix : le département de la Loire." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET2049.
Full textThe Loire departement offers a twofold interest at the beginning of the 19th century. Geographically speaking, it is far from the frontiers of the empire. Economically speaking important metallurgical and textile sectors, have already florished making of the departement one of the primary industrial areas in France. That distance from the frontiers ties it to the centre of France, an area which it is linked up with, as far of culture is concerned, between northern France and southern France, between franco-provencal and provencal. Is the industrial dynamism of Loire - the manufacture of arms being one of its best specialities - in connection with the napoleonic administration, or is it the religious traditions and the still globally rural structures of its society that makes it opt for a more traditional choice in politics ? Our study consisted in confronting socio economic data, which we analysed in a 1st part, with the shock that represented the setting of conscription in a departement with no clear military tradition. Does the refusal to be enroled so often recalled by successive prefects, and studied in our 2nd part, reveal profond differences ? Does it partake of an opposition to the state or to the established political system ? We've kept track of several dozens of conscripts and analysed the reactions of rural communities ; this leads us to think that the majority accepted integration into the state, even if some areas in the departement showed more political opposition. Lastly, the fact thas the Loire was twice invaded by foreign troops in 1814 and 1815 allows us, in a 3rd part, to confront what we know about this society in times of peace with what it abruptly discovers in wartime. Moreover, in 1814 and particulary in 1815, the absence of central power enables an estimation of the political forces, and above all, the weight and efficacy of the social structures which frame the population at the very beginning of the contemporary era
Bergès, Louis. "La Société civile contre le recrutement à l'époque de la conscription militaire, 1798-1814 : le cas des départements aquitains." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010633.
Full textTThe twelwe southwestern departements of Aquitaine sheltered from the end of the directoire an active resistance to enrollment in the army. Draft dodging was at its highest in 1798-1799 (year an VII of the revolution calendar) and from 1805 to 1807, when Napoléon gained his greatest victories ; it decreased gradually afterwards due to clever forms of repression by the authorities and did not reappear until the very end of the empire, when France was invaded. Draft dodging found a widespread support among civilians that went as far as local authorities and even some prefecture civil servants. At all levels of society, everyone had then favourite way of escaping the law : the sons of the upper class would hire a replacement, the less rich would obtain illegal exemptions, while the poorest were forced to flee from the family home without hope of return. Though the practice of replacement highlights the injustice of the whole arrangement, draft dodging hardly seems to be a reaction of the poverty stricken against the prejudices of the conscription system. It was, finally, all of society that was opposed to conscription and thus supported the draft dodgers. Faced with such opposition, the authorities reacted by mixing firmness, psychology and clemency. But the operations of garrisons and of flying columns heightened an already tense situation. The explosion of collective revolts, notably in the mountain cantons of Ariège and of Haute-Garonne recall the uprisings against the state as tax collector under the ancien regime
Quaglierini, Bertrand. "Le militaire : entre citoyen, agent public et soldat." Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG2058/document.
Full textThe legal situation of the French military has alway been specific. The legislators of 1972 and 2005 have progressively put an end to the capitis deminutio which prevent the soldiers to exercise their rights and liberties. For this purpose, the legal framework of the military has been progressively approched to the legal framework of the official, while preserving specific principles forming the very basis of the military state. The military have recovered the substance part of their the rights and liberies aknowleged to the cititizens, and consequently, they are legaly between the citizen, the official and the soldier
Seigan, Kôbô. "La conscription dans le departement de la seine-inferieure (an vi - 1815)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010608.
Full textFirst of all, it's advisable to note the quantitative importance of the conscripts during the war of the revolution and of the empire. In the case of seine-inferieure, napoleon required that the half number of young people who had not been exempted should serve his army. In this way, numerous levies made the many conscripts leave for the army, and progressively brought the population to get used to the conscription and the army. Nevertheless, the conscription generated equally insoumis and deserters. Their action, supported by the local community, was very dynamic especially under the directory. That showed the indifference of the general public toward the military service, the french army, and the destiny of the nation-state. Then, napoleonic authorities finally succeeded in reducing effectively the number of the conscript rebels. The common people were thus obliged to be interested in the army and to implicate themselves in the fate of france. However, a part of the seine-inferieure population bypassed the conscription by means of fraud. The imperial gouvernement could not easily suppress such fraud as simulated illness, voluntary mutilation, the fabrication of fake documents, and the corruption of civil servants. All the same, the fraudsters were also interested in the conscription, although the sense of their interest was not the same as the one from the authorities
Chevignard, Denis. "Les corps auxiliaires recrutés dans l'arrondissement de Beaune en 1870." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL086.
Full textThe National guard was established in 1791 as a direct descendent of the former militias in the Kingdom of France. The National guard was first tasked with policing, and, during the regimes that followed, experienced various ups and downs before disbanding in 1852. In 1868, however, Napoléon III created the garde nationale mobile to address the impending threat from the Prussian victory in Sadowa in 1866. In 1868, the garde nationale mobile supplemented the regular Army, which had suffered defeat in Sedan and had been pinned down in Metz. Alongside the mobilized garde nationale and the franc-tireurs, the garde nationale mobile continued fighting the invasion forces in the years 1870-1871. The arrondissement of Beaune had to form four battalions and a half through levée en masse. These were mainly tasked with the defense of Paris and the repression of the Kabyle revolt. Just like the corps auxiliaires recruited in the other départements, these conscripted troops were thoroughly unprepared, although they did raise hopes and fought bravely. Despite failing to restore the status quo in France, they did ensure that destabilization was not exacerbated in Algeria. After the 1870 war, the veterans of these forces were at the heart of the society and contributed to forge the spirit of revenge
Chevignard, Denis. "Les corps auxiliaires recrutés dans l'arrondissement de Beaune en 1870." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL086.
Full textThe National guard was established in 1791 as a direct descendent of the former militias in the Kingdom of France. The National guard was first tasked with policing, and, during the regimes that followed, experienced various ups and downs before disbanding in 1852. In 1868, however, Napoléon III created the garde nationale mobile to address the impending threat from the Prussian victory in Sadowa in 1866. In 1868, the garde nationale mobile supplemented the regular Army, which had suffered defeat in Sedan and had been pinned down in Metz. Alongside the mobilized garde nationale and the franc-tireurs, the garde nationale mobile continued fighting the invasion forces in the years 1870-1871. The arrondissement of Beaune had to form four battalions and a half through levée en masse. These were mainly tasked with the defense of Paris and the repression of the Kabyle revolt. Just like the corps auxiliaires recruited in the other départements, these conscripted troops were thoroughly unprepared, although they did raise hopes and fought bravely. Despite failing to restore the status quo in France, they did ensure that destabilization was not exacerbated in Algeria. After the 1870 war, the veterans of these forces were at the heart of the society and contributed to forge the spirit of revenge