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Journal articles on the topic 'France-Belgium comparison'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Muylle, Koen. "Rapports: Belgium: Incompatible Offices in Belgium and France: A Comparison." European Public Law 6, Issue 4 (2000): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/281226.

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Le Cam, Florence. "Brazil, Belgium, and France: Avenues for Comparison Work." Brazilian Journalism Research 15, no. 2 (2019): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.25200/bjr.v15n2.2019.1237.

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Schram, Wouter, Atse Louwen, Ioannis Lampropoulos, and Wilfried van Sark. "Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234440.

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In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a

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Bērziņa, Ieva, and Coline Jeancourt-Galignani. "Comparison of Emergency State Regulation Experiences in Latvia, France and Belgium." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 20 (2021): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.20.2021.2.040-057.

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The article analyses the legal framework of emergency state in three countries – Latvia, France and Belgium. The aim of the study is to identify problems thus to improve the national legal framework. Given that the concept of emergency state has gained its relevance in 2020 with the spread of the Covid-19 disease, it has been found that the Emergency State Institute and its legal framework is an important part of every country’s national legal system, as it is a mechanism that helps to strengthen national security in case of external and internal dangers. Analysis of the legal framework of eme

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Gansbeke, Esmée Van, Patricia Everaert, Gerrit Sarens, and Ignace De Beelde. "Audit committees in listed companies: an international comparison of composition and meetings." Corporate Ownership and Control 5, no. 3 (2008): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv5i3p9.

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This paper compares the number of audit committee (AC) members, meeting frequency and the presence of internal auditors at AC meetings of listed companies according to their country of domicile. We consider the USA, the UK, the Netherlands, France and Belgium. Hypotheses are developed based on differences in corporate governance codes. Data are gathered from annual reports of 100 listed companies in these countries. Our results indicate fewer AC members in the Netherlands, and a higher frequency of AC meetings in the UK and Belgium, countries where corporate governance codes do not proscribe a

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POLLET, MARC. "Dolichopus nimbatus Parent, 1927 revisited, with two new synonyms (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." Zootaxa 4238, no. 1 (2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4238.1.12.

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On the basis of comparison between the female holotype of Dolichopus nimbatus Parent and the female paratype of D. balius Meuffels, and comparison of a male paratype of D. balius with the description of D. thalhammeri Knézy, D. balius and D. thalhammeri are designated junior synonyms of D. nimbatus. Dolichopus nimbatus ranges from northern France and Belgium to southern Turkey. Ecological features might explain its rarity in collections.

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De Wachter, Marcia, and Yolanda Somers. "Job Creation Programs in an International Comparison." Recherches économiques de Louvain 52, no. 3-4 (1986): 413–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s077045180008297x.

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INTRODUCTIONWith an election year in France and in the Netherlands, a national collective convention in Belgium and high unemployment rates in most European countries, an economic reflection on the effectiveness and efficiency of the pursued job creation policies is certainly meaningful.The main purpose of the job creation policies, as conceived in most European countries, is the promotion of an effective and fair fine tuning of supply and demand of labor.The instruments traditionally used, can be divided into five categories, namely :1. Wage-cost subsidies2. Educational and vocational measure

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Doutreloup, Sébastien, Benjamin Bois, Benjamin Pohl, Sébastien Zito, and Yves Richard. "Climatic comparison between Belgium, Champagne, Alsace, Jura and Bourgogne for wine production using the regional model MAR." OENO One 56, no. 3 (2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2022.56.3.5356.

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In Belgium, vineyards have strongly increased over the last decades. Is it a trendy effect, or is Belgium becoming an increasingly favourable country for viticulture? A related issue is whether Belgium is similar to another French region from a climatic point of view. To address these questions, we use here the regional climate model MAR to provide high-resolution (5 km) climate information over the territory of Belgium and the north-eastern quarter of France. We first evaluate MAR outputs from a climate point of view against more than 150 weather stations and then from a viticulture point of

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Foblets, Marie-Claire. "THE ADMISSIBILITY OF REPUDIATION: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN DUTCH, FRENCH AND BELGIAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW." Hawwa 5, no. 1 (2007): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920807781787662.

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AbstractThis article reports on the most recent developments in Dutch, French and Belgian private international law concerning the problem of the recognition of repudiation. The comparison among the three systems—Dutch, French and Belgian—points to a noticeable disparity: France and Belgium have recently opted to strengthen their treatment of foreign repudiation. In 2005 the Netherlands decided to take a less strict approach. We review here in turn the French, Belgian, and Dutch positions.

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van Acker, Wouter. "Right-wing populist attitudes among European public servants – A cross-country comparison." Public Policy and Administration 35, no. 4 (2019): 485–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952076719869789.

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Thus far, there has not been any investigation into the populist held beliefs and attitudes among public servants. These attitudes, given the considerable discretionary decision power of public servants, and their influence in policy-making processes, could have a significant impact on public policies. This paper investigates the populist attitudes of public servants, based on data that are retrieved from the European Social Survey. The paper compares public servants from Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. The results s

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Divišová, Vendula. "Bezpečnostní politika proti diváckému násilí v České republice ve srovnání s evropskými frankofonními zeměmi." Studia sportiva 9, no. 2 (2015): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2015-2-4.

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The paper deals with the security policy against spectator violence in the Czech Republic in comparison with selected Western European countries. For the purpose of comparison, French-speaking countries, whose security policy in the field is not much discussed, are chosen on purpose; these are France, Belgium and Switzerland. Attention is paid especially to measures targeted on individuals and their risk behavior rather than to relevant institutions in the field. The description of existing measures and the context of their adoption in the selected cases should lead to evaluation of the Czech

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Helsen, S., and P. Kønigshof. "Conodont thermal alteration patterns in Palaeozoic rocks from Belgium, northern France and western Germany." Geological Magazine 131, no. 3 (1994): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800011122.

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AbstractIn this paper thermal patterns based on conodont Colour Alteration Indices (CAI) have been studied in the Devonian and Carboniferous rocks from Belgium, northern France and western Germany. Four maps (with the exception of the southeastern Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) have been compiled for the investigated area: one for the Eifelian and Givetian, a second for the Frasnian, another for the Famennian and one for the Tournaisian and Viséan. Conodonts have not been found in Cambrian rocks from Belgium and northern France and as they are scarce in the Ordovician to Lower Devonian formation

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Van Hoye, Aurélie, Chantal Vandoorne, Gaetan Absil, et al. "Health enhancing physical activity in all policies? Comparison of national public actors between France and Belgium." Health Policy 123, no. 3 (2019): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.01.008.

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Tsvetkova, Madlena. "Comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa (NW Bulgaria) and Bure (SE France) sites for geological disposal of radioactive waste." Geologica Balcanica 51, no. 1 (2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.51.1.57.

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Geological settings are of major importance in selecting appropriate environment for disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. Clay rocks are preferred in a number of countries as a suitable host rocks due to their insulating properties and ability to self- seal cracks and other disturbances. In Bulgaria, on the basis of multi-criterion comparative analysis, several prospective sites have been selected for further consideration. One of them is the Varbitsa site located in the Fore-Balkan Unit. The marls of the Sumer Formation are the host rock. Similar clay host rocks

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Tsvetkova, Madlena. "Comparison between the geological settings of the Varbitsa (NW Bulgaria) and Bure (SE France) sites for geological disposal of radioactive waste." Geologica Balcanica 51, no. 1 (2022): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.52321/GeolBalc.51.1.57.

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Geological settings are of major importance in selecting appropriate environment for disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear power plants. Clay rocks are preferred in a number of countries as a suitable host rocks due to their insulating properties and ability to self- seal cracks and other disturbances. In Bulgaria, on the basis of multi-criterion comparative analysis, several prospective sites have been selected for further consideration. One of them is the Varbitsa site located in the Fore-Balkan Unit. The marls of the Sumer Formation are the host rock

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Evrard, O., C. Heitz, M. Liégeois, et al. "A comparison of management approaches to control muddy floods in central Belgium, northern France and southern England." Land Degradation & Development 21, no. 4 (2010): 322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.1006.

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ZDOVC, Dejan, Katja VADNAL, and Katarina KOŠMELJ. "Comparative analysis of the crop insurance systems in Slovenia and in the European Union - member countries." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 79, no. 1 (2002): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2002.79.1.15643.

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Due to increasing environmental and economic hazards, risk management becomes an important managerial issue for farmers. As Slovene farmers have choice of technology and of insurance companies as tools of risk management only, research was aimed at the comparison of the crop insurance schemes in Slovenia, Belgium, France, Italy, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden. The crop insurance systems and their effectiveness were studied and compered by the insured perils as well as by the modes of crop insurance and by the hail insurance effectiveness indicators. The McNemar Test for a compariso

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Bumatay, Michelle. "Comics as commemoration?" Francosphères 10, no. 1 (2021): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2021.5.

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Drawing on previous research about the ubiquity of the Banania logo, this article considers the recent trend of commemorating the tirailleurs sénégalais via bandes dessinées through a chronological comparison of bandes dessinées produced in France and Senegal since 2003 about the tirailleurs sénégalais and World War I. As an important part of popular visual culture in France and Belgium, bandes dessinées have long been vehicles for teaching and disseminating mainstream values and dominant ideology, thus the choice of medium for recounting the tirailleurs’ history works against colonial-era car

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Bond, Stephen, Julie Ann Elston, Jacques Mairesse, and Benoît Mulkay. "Financial Factors and Investment in Belgium, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A Comparison Using Company Panel Data." Review of Economics and Statistics 85, no. 1 (2003): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003465303762687776.

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Radulovic, S., and S. Pepin. "Inter-comparison of parameters and exposure scenarios in risk-assessment methodologies for radiological and chemical soil contamination." Radioprotection 54, no. 3 (2019): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2019009.

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Various guidelines and models exist to assess the dose resulting from a radiological soil contamination. Analogous methodologies have been published to assess the chemical risk from non-radioactive pollutants present in soil. Although most of these methodologies insist on the need to use as much as possible site-specific parameters in the assessment-process, they also suggest a set of default or example parameters. In this study, we compare the suggested parameter values of four different national guidelines for risk-assessment of contaminated soil from France, Germany, Britain and Belgium. Th

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Douillet, Delphine, Jeremie Riou, Maximilien Thoma, et al. "Thromboembolic risk stratification by TRiP(cast) score to rationalise thromboprophylaxis in patients with lower leg trauma requiring immobilisation: a study protocol of the casting stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (2021): e045905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045905.

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IntroductionPatients with lower limb trauma requiring orthopaedic immobilisation may be at risk of venous thromboembolism but opinions differ about who may benefit from thromboprophylactic anticoagulant treatment.The aim of this CASTING study is to demonstrate the safety of thromboprophylaxis based on the Thrombosis Risk Prediction for patients with cast immobilisation (TRiP(cast) score with regards to the 3-month incidence of symptomatic venous thromboembolism events in low-risk patients not receiving thromboprophylaxis, as well as the usefulness of this strategy on the rate of patients recei

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Dufays, J. L. "What place for literature in the education of French-speaking countries? A comparison between Belgium, France, Quebec and Switzerland." L1 Educational Studies in Language and Literature 07, Running Issue, no. 1, Special Issue (2007): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17239/l1esll-2007.07.01.05.

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Williams, Frank L’Engle, Katherine M. Lane, and William G. Anderson. "Comparison of maxillary first molar occlusal outlines of Neandertals from the Meuse River Basin of Belgium using elliptical Fourier analysis." Anthropological Review 80, no. 3 (2017): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0018.

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AbstractSeveral Neandertals derive from the karstic caves of the Meuse river tributaries of Belgium, including Engis 2, Scladina 4A-4 and Spy 1. These may form a group that is distinct in maxillary first molar occlusal outlines compared to La Quina 5 from Southwest France. Alternatively, chronological differences may separate individuals given that Scladina 4A-4 from MIS 5 is older than the others from MIS 3. Neolithic samples (n = 42) from Belgium (Maurenne Caverne de la Cave, Hastière Caverne M, Hastière Trou Garçon, Sclaigneaux and Bois Madame) dated to 4.6–3.9 kyr provide a context for the

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Povero, Massimiliano, and Lorenzo Pradelli. "Comparison between traditional and goal directed perfusion in cardiopulmonary by-pass. Adaptation of a differential cost analysis." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 16, no. 1S (2015): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v16i1s.1201.

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BACKGROUND: A previous patient-level discrete event simulation (DES) model was developed to perform an economic evaluation of GDP strategy with respect to TP in US. Aim of this supplement is provide results of the adaptations of the differential cost analysis to Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and UK. METHODS: A Discrete Event Simulation model was developed to compare TP and GDP strategy in patients undergoing CPB. National perspective was adopted to calculate costs associated to each event while GDP strategy was exploited the introduction of Sorin Heartlink (HL) Card/GDP Card and Sor

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Gouiaa, Raef, and Alexander Kostyuk. "Editorial: An international outlook of corporate governance research." Corporate Ownership and Control 17, no. 4 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv17i4editorial.

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This issue of the journal “Corporate Ownership and Control” is absolutely unique from the point of view of the geodiversity of the research. Thus, having published 16 papers in this issue of the journal we can count the research on corporate governance in the USA, the UK, Norway, Australia, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, Austria, Greece, Ireland, Poland, France, Brazil, Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and others. This provides a very solid vision of the corporate governance national practices worldwide. This issue of the journal

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Chumpitaz, Ruben, and Nicholas G. Paparoidamis. "The impact of service/product performance and problem-solving on relationship satisfaction." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 33, no. 1 (2020): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-11-2018-0266.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to merge service and product quality concepts as well as problem-solving capabilities and relationship satisfaction into an integrative model and empirically test it in business-to-business (B2B) context.Design/methodology/approachHypothesis testing was performed using a structural equation model based on a LISREL approach applied to a sample of 1,218 industrial buying centers producing and marketing food and beverage products for industrial use in Belgium, France and Holland.FindingsThe model allows a comparison between the relative efficacy of product qual

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Sun, Heping, Houze Xu, B. Ducarme, and J. Hinderer. "Comprehensive comparison and analysis of the tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeters at stations in China, Belgium and France." Chinese Science Bulletin 44, no. 8 (1999): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02909719.

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Baležentis, Tomas, and Daiva Makutėnienė. "ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 38, no. 3 (2016): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2016.15.

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The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, an

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Staszczak, Dariusz. "CHANGES OF EU COUNTRIES POSITIONS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF MINERAL FUELS IN 2006–2015." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, no. 4 (2017): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.4.54.

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This paper analyzes changes of exports, imports and trade balance in mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials (named fuels in this article) of EU member states in 2006–2015. Fuels are specific commodities because the most of the EU countries are dependent on fuel imports. Moreover, trade balance in fuels is important for EU countries because of its significant importance for trade balance in all goods. Author illustrated a dominating position of net importer of fuels in this period. There were the following most important net importers of fuels in 2015: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, U

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Van Craenenbroeck, W., and J. Marivoet. "A Comparison of Simple Methods for Estimating the Mass Flow of Fluoride Discharged into Rivers." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 5-6 (1987): 729–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0252.

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In order to follow the long term evolution of the pollutant discharge pattern, and to detect changes in the situation, information about the discharge mass flow is necessary. First, the paper deals with the behaviour of the fluoride concentration in the river Meuse. Data are presented for the stretch Remilly (France) to Keizersveer (Netherlands), and the evolution over the period 1970–1984 is described. Data from waste waters and tributaries are discussed, and a dominating fluoride source is identified. In the second part, a linear first order equation is proposed for fitting the C-Q data at L

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Pfennings, Lilian, Leo Cohen, Deborah Miller, et al. "Using the Short Form-36 with Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Five Countries: A Cross-Cultural Comparison." Psychological Reports 85, no. 1 (1999): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.1.19.

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Questionnaires measuring health-related quality of life are increasingly used in international studies of medical effectiveness. It is important to know if data from these instruments are comparable across countries. We initiated a collaboration among five research groups—from the USA, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and the UK—in the field of health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. All groups used the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The goal of our study was to make a cross-cultural comparison. In the five countries under study the sample size varied from 50 to 134 patients

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Matczak, P., J. Lewandowski, A. Choryński, M. Szwed, and Z. W. Kundzewicz. "Flood risk governance arrangements in Europe." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 369 (June 11, 2015): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-369-195-2015.

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Abstract. The STAR-FLOOD (Strengthening and Redesigning European Flood Risk Practices Towards Appropriate and Resilient Flood Risk Governance Arrangements) project, funded by the European Commission, investigates strategies for dealing with flood risk in six European countries: Belgium, the UK, France, the Netherlands, Poland and Sweden and in 18 vulnerable urban regions in these countries. The project aims to describe, analyse, explain, and evaluate the main similarities and differences between the selected EU Member States in terms of development and performance of flood risk governance arra

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Budzyńska, Anna, and Małgorzata Durakiewicz. "The role of food trade in the European Single Market in the years 2000-2022." Agronomy Science 79, no. 1 (2024): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/as.2024.5295.

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This article examines the role of food in the external trade of the Member States of the European Union. The paper is based on literature and data collected from international databases of the World Bank, EUROSTAT and the Statista service. A statistical-descriptive analysis method was applied to the data on export volumes and their structure, as well as to the comparison of gravity index values and their deviations. The results of the research indicate an upward trend in food trade between EU countries. Between 2000 and 2022, the value of the intarnal market of EU food trade tripled. Four prod

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Devriese, Hendrik, and de Beek Abraham van. "De behandeling van het genus Rubus (Rosaceae) in de nieuwe editie van de Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique/Flora van België." Dumortiera 122 (August 28, 2023): 183–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8195314.

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Notes on the treatment of the genus <em>Rubus</em> (Rosaceae) in the new editions of the Flora of Belgium. The major changes in the treatment of the genus Rubus in the seventh edition of the <em>Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique, du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, du Nord de la France et des régions voisines</em> and the fourth edition of the <em>Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden</em> are explained. First, the identification key has been expanded from 63 to 122 species in comparison to the previous edition of the <em>Nouvelle

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Camenisch, Chantal, and Melanie Salvisberg. "Droughts in Bern and Rouen from the 14th to the beginning of the 18th century derived from documentary evidence." Climate of the Past 16, no. 6 (2020): 2173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2173-2020.

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Abstract. Droughts derive from a precipitation deficit and can also be temperature driven. They are dangerous natural hazards for human societies. Documentary data from the pre-modern and early modern times contain direct and indirect information on precipitation that allow for the production of reconstructions using historical climatology methods. For this study, two drought indices – the drought index of Bern (DIB) and the drought index of Rouen (DIR) – have been created on the basis of documentary data produced in Bern, Switzerland, and Rouen, France, respectively for the period from 1315 t

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Lelyuhina, A. M., М. V. Litvinenko, and O. V. Miklashevskaya. "Comparative analysis of the real estate taxation basics in the Russian Federation and foreign countries." Geodesy and Cartography 941, no. 11 (2018): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2018-941-11-61-64.

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The current issues of reforming the current tax system in the Russian Federation in the context of the transition to determining the amount of real estate taxes based on the cadastral value of real estate objects are discussed. The decision on adopting elements of a tax system in practice should be scientifically and methodologically based. The rational construction of the tax system of Russia contributes to the study of foreign tax systems’ models. In the article, the systems for calculating real estate tax established in the foreign countries under consideration are highlighted. Everything i

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Gutsalenko, L. V., and D. O. Mokiienko. "Modern remuneration system in foreign country." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 1 (2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.01.040.

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The article describes the formation features of modern remuneration systems, taking into account the main aspects and methods of labour organization in foreign countries. It also determines the requirements for compulsory salary increase in certain foreign countries. The article focuses on the observers’ forecast of remuneration level changes and the formation of five trends in employee salary and additional payments, such as: regular bonus payments for performance; transparent remuneration; more employees will receive bonuses; analysis of equity aimed at remuneration payments; the formation b

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STREEL, Maurice, Frédéric BOULVAIN, Michiel DUSAR, Stanislas LOBOZIAK, and Philippe STEEMANS. "Updating Frasnian miospore zonation from the Boulonnais (Northern France) and comparison with new data from the Upper Palaeozoic cover on the Brabant Massif (Western Belgium)." Geologica Belgica 24, no. 1-2 (2021): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20341/gb.2020.024.

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Accurate palyno-analysis by S. Loboziak (from 1980 to 1983) of 28 samples from the Upper Givetian to the Middle Frasnian Blacourt, Beaulieu and Ferques Formations and of 44 samples of the Upper Frasnian to the Lower Famennian Hydrequent Formation are re-evaluated. Chelinospora concinna, Verrucosisporites bulliferus, Cirratriradites jekhowskyi, Lophozonotriletes media first occurrences are major criteria for Lower and Middle Frasnian, well calibrated by conodonts. Cymbosporites acanthaceus, Rugospora bricei, Grandispora gracilis, Diducites plicabilis, Corbulispora vimineus first occurrences all

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Wollast, Robin, Mathias Schmitz, Alix Bigot, and Olivier Luminet. "The Theory of Planned Behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of health behaviors between Belgian and French residents." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0258320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258320.

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The COVID-19 pandemic presents a global crisis and authorities have encouraged the population to promote preventive health behaviors to slow the spread of the virus. While the literature on psychological factors influencing health behaviors during the COVID-19 is flourishing, there is a lack of cross-national research focusing on multiple health behaviors. The present study overcomes this limitation and affords a validation of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual framework for explaining the adoption of handwashing and limitation of social contacts, two health behaviors that hi

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Munková, Gabriela. "Rodinná politika ve vztahu k Evropské unii." AUC IURIDICA 46, no. 1 (2025): 73–85. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.120.

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The article deals with the comparison of a wide range of family policy in different European countries from the point of view of their development and current status. It illustrates how difficult it is to set up criteria for such comparison, and refers to some attempts to develop “models” of family policy in Europe, using the example of Jean-Claude Barber’s concept. Barbiers sees various family policies in Europe as pans of a spectrum ranging from countries implementing the most positive approach towards the family policy (Germany, France, Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg) to those on the other ed

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Bykov, O. M. "Problems on the path of formation of local self-government in France." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 79 (2023): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.79.1.20.

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The article is devoted to defining the peculiarities of the genesis of local self-government in France. The peculiarities of the formation of local self-government in the countries of continental law, in particular France and Ukraine, are determined. A superficial comparative analysis of the implementation of the powers of local self-government bodies in Ukraine and France at various stages of the countries’ development was conducted. The article states that the then French system of local self-government did not fully implement the principle of electability of all bodies and officials of loca

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Karabay, Gülseren, and Kazım Sarıçoban. "Research on Competitiveness in Technical Textiles: Comparison of Countries Having the Lion’s Share of Technical Textile World Exports and Turkey." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 29, no. 6(150) (2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2718.

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After the end of quotas in 2005, Turkey and many other countries confronted fierce competition from countries having cheap labour. Producing technical textile products that require high technology and skilled labour is one way to cope with this competition. The degree of specialisation (comparative cost advantage) and export competitiveness of Turkey in technical textiles is gaining significance. Therefore, this study aims to examine comparatively the level of specialisation and export competitiveness of Turkey and the countries with the lion’s share in world exports of technical textiles in t

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Wall, Irwin M., and Abraham Boxhoorn. "The Cold War and the Rift in the Governments of National Unity: Belgium, France, and Italy in the Spring of 1947; A Comparison." American Historical Review 100, no. 2 (1995): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169054.

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Luickx, Patrick J., Lieve M. Helsen, and William D. D’haeseleer. "Influence of massive heat-pump introduction on the electricity-generation mix and the GHG effect: Comparison between Belgium, France, Germany and The Netherlands." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 12, no. 8 (2008): 2140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.01.030.

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Auvray, Françoise, W. Th Nuninga, D. J. Verheij, C. Kahn, and C. Borucki. "Chances as Legally Protected Assets." European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 2 (2020): 375–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020018.

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The doctrine of loss of a chance has been deployed by courts jurisdictions in cases presenting causal uncertainty for over a century. In both the civil and common law jurisdictions where it is applied, however, there is debate as to the precise rationale and scope of application of the doctrine. In this working paper we compare theories, cases and practices from four Western European jurisdictions: France, Belgium, the Netherlands and England &amp; Wales. Our methodology departs from a more traditional institutional comparison. We move towards an argument for a version of the theory of los

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Marysyuk, Kostyantyn B., Mykhailo V. Huzela, Nataliia D. Slotvinska, Ivo Svoboda, and Igor G. Kudrya. "Racial and Religious Determinants of Terrorism in Western Europe." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 71 (2021): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3971.02.

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The gradual rapprochement between peoples, cultures, beliefs involve numerous conflicts with indigenous peoples on ethnic or religious grounds. These conflicts tend to turn into articulation of radical positions and extremist activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the current state of terrorist acts and identify the determinants of terrorism on racial and religious grounds in Western Europe. The statistical method, comparison, graphic analysis, analysis of the Global Index of Terrorism; The European Union reports on the situation and trends of terrorism, as well as the research on te

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Caestecker, Frank. "Red Aid, a Non-Accommodating NGO Challenging the Power of West-European States to Deny Protection to Undeserving Refugees, 1933–1935." Journal of Migration History 5, no. 2 (2019): 304–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00502005.

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This article outlines how a refugee policy took shape in the liberal countries bordering Nazi Germany during the first half of the 1930s. In Belgium, France, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Switzerland, immigration policy had become much more restrictive by 1933 when the refugees from Germany applied for asylum and the necessity for a ‘side entrance’ for asylum seekers to these countries became apparent. The focus here is on the role of the Communist aid organisation, the Red Aid, in this endeavour. In comparison to the social-democratic aid organisations, the Red Aid was deficient, but mo

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Campbell, Elizabeth. "Claiming National Heritage: State Appropriation of Nazi Art Plunder in Postwar Western Europe." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 4 (2020): 793–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419893737.

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In the wake of the Second World War, cultural officers from the western Allied powers recovered several million objects plundered by the Nazis – works of art, Judaica, fine furniture, collectible books and archive collections. Recent books and films have popularized the history of the heroic art recovery effort, but less well-known is the story of what happened to objects that were never returned to rightful owners. In France, Belgium and the Netherlands, postwar governments selected the best of the unclaimed objects and distributed them to public museums, ministries, embassies and other state

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Nursalim, Nining, Eka Maya Kurniasih, Nenik Kholillah, et al. "Uncovering the Brittle Star’s Genetic Diversity from Kalimantan and Bali." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1496, no. 1 (2025): 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1496/1/012025.

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Abstract Brittle star is a benthic organism that belongs to Echinodermata and plays an important role as a detritivore that balances the food chain in coral reef ecosystems. Several factors, including anthropogenic pressures, climate change, over-exploitation, and pollution, are known to threaten the brittle star’s biodiversity. Therefore, species identification research using molecular methods is essential. Molecular analysis can be conducted using the Cytochrome Oxidase I marker of mitochondrial genome DNA (mtDNA). The sequencing results will be compared with NCBI data to find the closest sp

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Bouteiller, Xavier P., Frédéric Barraquand, Pauline Garnier-Géré, et al. "No evidence for genetic differentiation in juvenile traits between Belgian and French populations of the invasive tree Robinia pseudoacacia." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 1 (2018): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1403.

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Background – The role of evolution in biological invasion studies is often overlooked. In order to evaluate the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasiveness, both quantitative and population genetics studies are underway on Robinia pseudoacacia L., one of the worst invasive tree species in Europe.Methods – A controlled experiment was set up using 2000 seeds from ten populations in Southern France and ten populations in Belgium. Seedlings were cultivated in two climatic chambers set at 18°C and 22°C. Early development life history traits (e.g. seedling phenology) and functional traits (e.g. grow

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