Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'France – Histoire – 1870-1940 (3e République)'
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Tanguy, Gildas. "Corps et âme de l'État : Socio-histoire de l'institution préfectorale (1880-1940)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010328.
Full textKlejman, Laurence, and Florence Rochefort. "L'égalité en marche : histoire du mouvement féministe en France, 1868-1914." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070171.
Full textThis thesis traces the evolution of the feminist movement in France, starting from it's creation in the dying years of the second empire till the outbreak of the wig. The objectives are 1) the study of the coming into being of the movement as an autonomous power group of heterogeneous men and women and 2) the demonstration of feminism's impact on the "belle époque" society. F. Rochefort extricates the essential events, moments and debates between 1868-1890. L. Klejman follows with a study of the internal structure and ganges the degree of success the movement has with it's political alliances and lobbying through the years 1890-1914. This period of republican consolidation allows the movement to grow rapidly into an autonomous political power and through whose ties with avant-garde groups of feminine philanthropy, a stress is put on the active role of women in their own struggle. In spite of the fact that they are broken into multiple heterogeneous factions, they are brought together by questions as diverse as the rights of female workers to draw their own salaries personally, the rights of married women to retain their maiden names, all this within the realm of civil and maternal rights. The feminist movement succeeds in implanting the idea of indispensable reforms relating to women's rights. The numbers of militants and sympathisers grows in significant fashion, both the militant and national press diffuse feminist theme backed by the congress (1900, 1908, 1913) literaly and theatrical
Heuré, Gilles. "Gustave Hervé : un propagandiste sous la IIIe République : (1871-1944)." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020011.
Full textCossart, Paula. "Des délibérations aux manifestations de force : socio-histoire des réunions politiques (1868-1939)." Paris 1, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/103518.
Full textBonin, Hubert. "Les banques françaises en économie libérale (1919-1935) : efficacité, innovation et rapports de forces." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100015.
Full textThe official regulation of the banking economy is issued from the predominant liberalism. The capital and the upper administration of the banks belong to the private area of capitalism. The interbanking competition is hard. The crafts, the investments and the combativity of the banks explain the plasticity of the competitive positions on the markets of the collection of deposits, of the diverse aspects of the savings banking activities, of the credit commercial banking and of the financial bank. The necessity of refinancing) justify innovations and adjustments in the offer of credits and of financial services and in the analysis and the control of the risks. The thesis evaluates the talents of the banks in the exercise of their various business activities, and their more or less aptitude to satisfy the needs of the economy in the successive periods of growth and crisis
Harel, Jean-Michel. "La Compagnie générale transatlantique et les Messageries maritimes, deux compagnies subventionnées au service de l'Etat : 1914-1944." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020018.
Full textSaint-Martin, Arnaud. "L’office et le télescope : une sociologie historique de l’astronomie française, 1900-1940." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040061.
Full textThe Office and the Telescope: A historical Sociology of French Astronomy, 1900-1940. This dissertation studies the establishment of French astronomy between 1900 and 1940. The two first parts analyze the process by which a socio-institutional field of state observatories emerged in the French system of higher education under the Third Republic. The study identifies a specific way of doing astronomy, which is characterized by the development of a scientific-bureaucratic regime and a process of nationalization. The third part deals with the transformation of the field in the Interwar Period. The last part of the dissertation examines the simultaneous development of amateur astronomy conceived as a “duplication” of professional astronomy. In doing so, this dissertation aims to contribute to the historical sociology of science
Vailleau, Daniel. "Contribution à une histoire sociale des pratiques et des modèles balnéaires : baigneurs et nageurs de La Rochelle." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28210.
Full textThe descriptive and analytical study of the diffent ways in which people have approached sea-bathing in la rochelle (charente-inferieure), in the 19th and 20th centuries, reveals an evolution in sea-bathing uses three succesive and distinct periods become evident beetween june 1870 and june 1936. The illusion of the hygienic effects of sea-bathing which brought about the apogy of essentially hygienic and therapeutic uses of maritimes bathing was followed by the abandonment of such usages, and, from 1890 to the first world war was replaced by apase of introduction of sea-bathing as a mass leisure activity during which the practice of swimming in the sea developed as a sport. The third period, between the two world wars was marked by a distinctive rise in the development of seaside leisure activities, notably as sport. This division into periods which is founded on the observation and description of various practice is confirmed by the research of patterns which can be conducted through the subsequent analysis of these practices. Three patterns thus make it possible to appreciate the ensemble of se-bathing usages : an hygienic pattern, a sport pattern and a play pattern. These come together, overlap and appear as a basic of the ensemble of the identified uses of sea-bathing in particular, they make it possible to understand their evolution and transformations. In short, if swimming appears as a permanent feature in la rochelle, as a distinctive use of sea-bathing and the one which representing the path of excellence, leisure sea-bathing, in various forms, nonetheless remains the most frequent usage
Brémond, Kévin. "Une histoire politique des facultés de droit : l'image des facultés de droit dans la presse quotidienne d'information nationale sous la Troisième République (1870-1940)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0324.
Full textThe Third Republic marks a turning point in the reorganization of law schools in France. The institutional field is revealing of the upheavals in legal education under the new regime, when it was previously imprisoned in the Napoleonic cadres of the early nineteenth century. This is how we are witnessing the creation, admittedly contained, but significant and unprecedented, of new public legal education establishments, such as in Bordeaux and Lyon. In addition, this province, acclimatized to the shadow of its big Parisian sister, then began to venture into full light, thus spurring a clear change in the university landscape. But more significant still is a cascade of reforms which relate to the degrees - license and doctorate - or the transformation of the programs, as evidenced by the irruption in the faculties of public law as well as political economy, and the many hesitations compared to young sociology. Law schools also face the challenge of ending the public monopoly on legal education with the creation of free schools. This breach, wanted by Catholics but also by Protestants in search of a seat in an increasingly anticlerical society, shattered the monolith where the state retained a quasi-monopoly to teach its law. These institutional changes are also continuing in the social field, with the densification of University players, both from the point of view of teaching staff and that of student numbers. Even if the latter is in no way comparable to the massification of after May 1968, it still marks an important development whose achievements go beyond the simple increase in staff and its logistical consequences. It is the very face of the University that takes its mark, and this is particularly true in law faculties, which are very affected by the phenomenon. Thus, education is forced to remedy the growing lack of personnel and institutions to face students who are increasingly turbulent and quick to make demands, as evidenced for example by the Lyon-Caen, Scelle or Jèze cases, which fuel political tensions within the Faculty of Law of Paris, but also those of the provinces. Finally, it is in the field of university culture that significant changes are being felt. While the academic failure is pointed out after the defeat of Sedan, which in the Interwar period, the Bordeaux professor Julien Bonnecase underlines in What is a Faculty of Law? (1929), that these are often accused of being "between heaven and earth" 1, the time has also come for reflection on legal education. The burdens of "old-style" teaching are thus increasingly contested, plunging the legal faculty into a deep crisis which will not have been resolved at the dawn of the Second World War. The institutional history of law schools, a subject that has been explored for many years, can give the image of a certain liveliness since it largely uses sources internal to the institutions. Other works, notably those of Marc Milet, take the party to study the excesses of the institution towards the outside world, in this case the investment of professors in politics
Sacriste, Guillaume. "Le droit de la République (1870-1914) : légitimation(s) de l'État et construction du rôle de professeur de droit constitutionnel au début du siècle." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010337.
Full textDancel, Brigitte. "L'histoire de l'enseignement de l'histoire à l'école publique de la IIIe République : le ministre, le maître et l'élève dans les écoles primaires élémentaires de la Somme,1880-1926." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H038.
Full textThis research aims at giving an historical account of a content matter beyond the prescriptive discourse of ministers of education, educationists and the inspectorate. Primary teachers' professional freedom in the definition of their individual practice is viewed throughout history, threading its way between distant governmental guidelines, closer advice from inspectors and the reality of the classroom. Observation is finally focused on the pupils whose acquisitions and skills are made obvious through the analysis of their output. Within the body of 4058 "certificat d'etudes" * exam papers of the 1918-1926 period in the Somme region, a sample of 951 answers is processed in the research (concerned with the French revolution, republican institutions and W. W. I). This long track, followed by all the governmental prescriptions, implies discrepancies between their stated aims and the historical academic culture actually acquired by the successful primary pupils during the 3rd French republic which eventually fulfills the school system and society at large. * French primary school final test until the early 1970's
Bernard, Mathias. "Les modérés lyonnais et la Fédération républicaine du Rhône, 1889-1940." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040214.
Full textThe causes for the increasing radicalization of the republican federation the parliamentary right wing main party under the third republic - can be defined through the study of an example, the department of the Rhône, on a fifty-years-basis (from 1889 to 1940). This party, founded in 1903, inherited from miscellaneous political trends, which sometimes disagreed during the previous decade. The moderates prevailed within this party; some trends further on the right wing became edged out. Thus followed internal tensions and an increasing gap between the moderate leaders and the more radical militants. From the 1920's, some influential party-leaders took advantage of such frustrations to partially turn this liberal organization into a populist mass party the majority of which supported the Vichy government
Estève, Christian. "Mentalités et comportements politiques dans le Cantal de 1852 à 1914." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100121.
Full textFrom the advent of universal suffrage, one might even say to this day, the Cantal voters have always voted for the outgoing or the winning majority. This cliché largely rests on true facts which this research initially sets out to verify for the 1852-1914 period. As is always the case with popular beliefs, it nevertheless forgets some exceptions that need to be pointed out and forgets to qualify many more subtle points. Hardship in this region surely must have led to such a security oriented vote. Expecting financial support and help of all sorts, railroads, may have been the price to pay in return for electoral loyalty. Beyond this apparent archaism some transformations disappear. The first one was the speeding up of an ongoing process of gallicization of the region. Politization and integration into the nation-state went along. The sudden irruption of central government disrupted the local political game. Power struggles and social conflict gradually changed while the omnipotence of local leaders dwindled. The role of personalities persisted but evolved into "clientelism". By turning the voter into a political player, this system gave him part of his citizenship. Ultimately, the overpowering control of the church over daily life was shattered. Despite the continuity of most religious practices, the secularization of the Cantal community was already completed on the eve of the First World War
Grivel, Gilles. "Le parti républicain dans les Vosges de 1870 à 1914." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21004.
Full textIn the period between 1871 and 1914 the Vosges can be described as a dynamic frontier area where the republican party represents a decisive political force. It is a stream of throught which gathered together all those who agreed with the ideas of the 1789 French revolution and turned into a structured organization at the beginning of the 20th century. After a brief description of the Vosges, this thesis analyses the evolution of the party, using mostly administrative and local newspapers sources. While the republican party had little influence during the Second Empire, after the 1870 war it was transformed into the dominant political force of the department, because it represented both resistance towards the enemy and national recovery. Mostly composed of moderates, it maintained its dominant position until the end of the 19th century. Its leaders, Jules Ferry and Jules Méline, were of national significance. At the end of the 19th century, its all importance was challenged by the surge of nationalism that accompanied the Dreyfus case. But a new republican party, the democratic republican party, emerged and managed to regain the department between 1906 and 1910. On the eve of the 1914 war representing a very moderate left wing, it exerted its political influence just like the republican party at the end of the 19th century
Serra, Olivier. "Le législateur et le marché vinicole sous la Troisième République." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40039.
Full textThe study of the genesis of French law surrounding the wine trade under the Third French Republic is essential to understand the ins and outs of French present wine law. Actually, almost the whole present wine law appears between the eighties of the nineteenth century and the thirties of the twentieth century. The analysis of the French legislator’s approach displays the determination to set up a large-scale policy in order to protect a production enduring, during this period, a structural slump crisis. The fraud on the composition of the wine and on its origin, during the last years of the nineteenth century, characterizes the market of the wine. This one is led astray by unfair competition and the loss of consumer’s landmark. Endemic overproduction of French viticulture during the first part of the twentieth century, competition of foreign wines, and restriction of French and international outlets, push legislator into protecting national viticulture by several measures for redefining behavior of the trade and the production. French legislator tries, at the same time, to push for quality and controlling market. Protectionist and agrarian policy triumph in the French Parliament and government to protect this flagship of the French agricultural production in the Third French Republic
Marty, Thomas. "Mobilisations politiques et expertise électorale : la question de la « représentation proportionnelle ». Histoire sociale de la réforme électorale sous la Troisième République." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100148/document.
Full textEarly twentieth century, after two decades of indifference to electoral reform, the electoral system has become a controversial question. This study explores the factors that should been taken into consideration when members of the French Chamber of Deputies and some other activists have tried to choose “proportional representation”. Beyond its political and legislative dimensions, the problem of re-election of representatives in the Third Republic was influenced by manipulation of electoral rules – in particular the introduction of proportional and list voting. In Paris and in Province, professors desert this part of doctrine in spite of some militant activities. Students had produced their thesis under constraint because the boards of examiners were always the same. We seek to explain how and why Parliament becomes leader in this electoral reform. Conservatives and Socialists advocated more strongly the proportional representation. The problem is often stated on the level in which every political party prefers the electoral system that favors it. This study will underline the biographical and social effect of membership stability instead of change in partisan control of the legislature. We seek to explain why a parliamentary debate may lead to a change in the established electoral system. The mixed system of 1919, between proportional representation and majority principle, expresses the deputies’ trends to self-criticism which is also self- representation. Increasingly, ministerial letters of instruction to Prefects tend to conflate these elements into a single effort to codify the pre-selection of candidates who could form the base of the desired political renewal. In this way, the monopoly of expertise relating to anticipating and predicting electoral outcomes once held political entrepreneurs was replaced by co-management of elections by them and the Prefects. First, new maps for single-seat districts have tended to perpetuate the traditionnal “scrutin d’arrondissement”. These attemps of spatial electoral reform have introduced a new scale in electoral campaign. This enlargement of electoral capability was made possible with a new representation : the administrative district of “département” has tended to become the main criterion in electoral mobilization whatever one of the two different electoral rules in 1919 and 1927
Popescu, Ştefan. "L'Albanie dans la politique étrangère de la France (1919-juin 1940)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010642/document.
Full textBetween 1919-1939/40, France was caught in a tricky game towards Albania: it recognized the primacy of the Italian political and economic interests in Albania but, at the same time, France was aware that ail this might endanger the Albanian independence. The interest of France in Albania was the maintenance of the independence of this country to prevent it becoming a rear base of the Italy against Yugoslavia. There was also another French interest, a willingness of "présence" in Albania, generated by the France's great power status. It was under this aspect that France intends to be "présente" in Albania by two visible institutions, a high school and an archaeological mission, that offset for pretty much the limited development of political and economic relations. Thus, despite the geographical proximity and the intensity of the political and economic exchanges, Italy can't win in Albania as a dominant cultural power. .In the interwar period, France and Albania rediscover each other. It is in this interval that we are witnessing the establishment of the first bilateral institutional relations and it was at this lime that we sign the first bilateral treaties. lt is between the two wars that born a community of Albanians in France and the first organized groups of French tourists arrive in Albania, that bind the first bilateral economic relations
Simard-Houde, Mélodie. "Le Reporter, médiateur, écrivain et héros : un répertoire culturel (1870-1939)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30012.
Full textReportage, understood as investigative journalism of the written press, was invented in France in the last third of the nineteenth century, not without causing debates and contradictory representations between supporters and opponents. During the interwar period its popularity is at its peak, as reportage presents itself in different media (books, daily and weekly press) and with different relations to news and fictionalization. Reportage therefore appears less like a genre than a matrix of investigative journalism, whose formation and evolution can be traced and generic variations described (such as collective, serialized and news reportages). Linked to the development of the news media, reportage establishes the special correspondent as a mediator, a writer and a hero of modern media culture. The Reporter, as an object of the social imaginary of the Third Republic, is a complex figure, which representations are situated at the crossroads of different productions. These include fictions, press articles (reportages, interviews, obituaries, metadiscourses), Memoirs of journalists, as well as a set of iconographic representations, all of which are drawn upon to define a cultural repertoire of journalistic scenographies, fictional scenarios and authorial positions contributing to the formation of a social imaginary of the reporter, defined both as a publicized figure and a mediator. In the intrigues and stories in which the reporter appears, he meets other social imaginaries – of colonization, of the body, of technical and social progress, of the Nation. These mould the reporter into a Republican figure, closely linked to the development of parliamentary democracy and of freedom of the press, and to modern technology and media. Finally, heir of the French literary journalism, but also associated with new recording techniques (that is, visual media, photography and cinema), the reporter is the pivot between two mediatic imaginaries : one that uses the journalist's subjectivity and the prism of human mediation to account for a worldview ; the other, which will prevail in the second half of the twentieth century, claims to offer an objective grasp of reality, as permitted by the illusion of technical mediation
Richard, Guillaume. "Enseigner le droit public à Paris sous la Troisième République." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100156/document.
Full textPublic law has been instrumental in organizing Law Schools in France since the late 19th century. However, the notion remains problematic: based on the example of the Law School of Paris, the purpose of this study is thus to examine its specific impact on legal teaching. The Parisian School of Law, by far the biggest and closest to political institutions, played a leading role in the reforms which led to a generalization of public law in Law Schools during the Third Republic. Its framework provides a good example of how legal scholars have specialized after the separation, in 1896, of the agrégation recruitment competition into different sections, one of them being for public law and one for private law. Far from being simple, these evolutions remain unstable. Public law scholars both wish to distinguish themselves from the dominating civilists, and to maintain the unity of legal science. Public law itself is not a homogeneous field of knowledge. A collection of disciplines (administrative law, international public law, constitutional law, financial legislation) rather than a coherent science, it is characterized by two trends: the first sees public law as a formalized and autonomous body of knowledge, able to comprehend facts through its distinctive logic; on the contrary, the second trend sees it simply as a part of political and economic sciences. Before the supremacy of the first trend imposed itself – rather late – in the first half of the 20th century, public law was considered a social knowledge, used to explain contemporary political events
Schulz, Daniel. "Verfassung und nation : formen politischer institutionalisierung in Deutschland und Frankreich von der Französischen revolution bis zur europäischen integration." Paris, EPHE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EPHEA002.
Full textMasson, Geraldine. "Préserver et transmettre les collections de la nation : les conservateurs des musées de province sous la IIIe République." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H033.
Full textThe Third Republic enabled French museums to become a place of cultural education similar to that of schools. A national, federated network of museums was established for national collections of art in the early 20th Century, during the rise of provincial museums. The French state sought to display a self-legitimizing, civic-mindedness and to teach lessons of history of the Nation and national heritage to its citizens. More than an institutional history of the rise of provincial museums, this study demonstrates the involvement of the curators of provincial museums in the development of that policy and shows how it led to the creation of an organized profession. Utilizing the report of the parliamentary commission for French museums created in 1905, 263 curators in charge of state sponsored long-term loans were identified and studied. Involved in the safeguarding of patrimony, they belonged to numerous provincial academies and local scholarly societies. At the museum, they provided a local history lesson related to French national history. They had to cope with locally specific issues, particularly financial restrictions and local politics, but succeeded in fashioning a new way of working that was agreed to by ail colleagues in provincial institutions as well as French national museums, such as the musée du Louvre, when museology was created
Dasi, Pierre. "Penser et représenter la nature à l'école primaire française entre 1870 et le début des années vingt." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC031.
Full textThinking, representing and studying nature has been a major component of the educational project of Third Republic Schools. To understand the issues surrounding ways of thinking and educating people about nature, it is necessary to keep in mind that geography, science, history, agronomy and literature have brought out a wealth of knowledge and raised as many questions, sometimes with unruly answers. However, the essential thing is not in the search for the contradictions that the discourse has inevitably generated. No, it is to be found in the course that the founders have set: to educate and instruct. In our opinion, one of the levers to achieve this dual objective has been to make education as attractive as possible. As we can imagine, pedagogues were not short of ideas, but the study of nature has more than others served to enchant the republican school. Not always, not everywhere, of course: the success and development of new education cannot be understood if we forget that many schools run by conscientious teachers were reluctant to break with traditional teaching methods and content. This tearing away from tradition is perfectly embodied in the new Education. Carried by the wind of pedagogical renovation, this progressive movement followed in the footsteps of the reformers of the traditional school to make nature the pivot of its teaching... In the midst of the aims of nature education at school, the enchanting dimension of nature was absolutely central. All school literature has participated in this process of manufacturing a nature capable of expressing the greatness of the nation, capable of competing with the theological interpretations of the world and capable of making people forget the misfortunes of time. Hard at work training young volunteer Republicans, the school has also promoted, with nature, active methods. Gardens, walks, trips, lessons, geography of the field draw a modern school, more in tune with the needs of children. It is around this double movement of building representations: the enchantment of the school on the one hand, and an enchanted nature on the other, that we have organized the essential of our reflection. Bearing in mind that there has been a manufacturing process of a nature whose image - and not its materiality - is still reflected in the collective memory
Jablonka, Ivan. "Les abandonnés de la République : l'enfance et le devenir des pupilles de l'Assistance publique de la Seine placés en famille d'accueil (1874-1939)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040140.
Full textDickens's and Hugo's novels set a link between the industrial revolution and child abandonment, but the overwhelming majority of children fostered by the French Assistance publique, especially those who were born in Paris, were not raised in urban areas but lived and worked in the countryside. This policy, which presumes the moral superiority of farmers, was intended to remove urban vagrants and to set them in rural areas. Due to a growing lack of agricultural workers, hiring Assistance publique children became an easy solution. To a certain extent, foster children benefited from this forced situation. They earned money, they were able to buy what they wanted and they generally could choose their own boss, whereas legitimate children were often obliged to work for free in their father's farm. However, waifs and strays still suffered social injustice under the Assistance publique who not only did not try to improve their living conditions or increase their wages, but also did not try to prevent girls from being assaulted. In the end, rural fosterage did not have a profound effect on the rural exodus, but it did strongly transform the local demographic and economic situation and perpetuated an insufficiently competitive and poorly mechanized agriculture
Marrel, Guillaume. "L'élu et son double : cumul des mandats et construction de l'Etat républicain en France du milieu du XIXème au milieu du XXème siècle." Grenoble 2, 2003. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01691408.
Full textPerron, Daniel. "La république francaise revisitée : Le droit public en débat (1894-1905)." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10401.
Full textLarique, Bertrand. "L'économie du tourisme en France des années 1890 à la veille de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale : organisation et développement d'un secteur socio-économique." Bordeaux 3, 2006. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2006BOR30051.
Full textFrom the 1890’s to the beginning of the Second World War, tourism in France is deeply transformed by its industrialization and its organization as an independent social-economic sector with increased value. It is involved in an “organisational revolution” which gives rise to the construction of a touristic system and an economy of tourism, in the sense of a well-managed productive activity. These transformations contribute first to the development of what we can call a “meta-web” of actors linked to the growth of tourism. Secondly, they help the process of recognition of this activity which is transferred during this half-century from the fringe to the hearth of the french economic system. This thesis focuses on how active tourism was organised, through associations, and how receptive tourism was taken care of by institutions such as tourist offices. It also deals with the different ways in which the State supports this activity, from the creation of official structures to the development of popular tourism. Our aim is to stress the attempts towards integration and coordination led by the actors of the global touristic economy. Finally, we want to highlight the specificity of the french touristic model, which developped relationships of mutual influence with other international models
Leblois, Jacques. "La fortune de Taine : réception des "Origines de la France contemporaine" : 1875-1914." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011605.
Full textMartinant, de Preneuf Jean. "Mentalités et comportements religieux des officiers de marine sous la Troisième République." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100035.
Full textFrench naval officers see themselves as members of a secular order united on the mystic of Honour. Only some of them base their perception of the naval system on the Christian message. However, the glorification of their vocation is continuously borrowing from this message, sometimes without any reference to Faith. As far as the Naval Academy is concerned, a move towards Christian feelings is obvious. Officers are attached to a form of secularity that they promote in executing their duty. They champion the Concordat and freedom of conscience, Roman Catholicism being perceived as the base of national identity and established order. The progress of Radicalism is viewed as an aggression against a Christian and maritime France. Therefore, religious membership appears as an identity marker. This approach although defended by a minority has gained a wide following, because, while refraining to refer overtly to religion, it establishes the Navy as last resort announcing the ‘Révolution nationale’
Aubert, Monique. "Séverine, journaliste." Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO2A006.
Full textTorre, Pascal Ange. "Le radicalisme en Corse sous la troisième République." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131021.
Full textDumas, Jean-Philippe. "L'administration du commerce et de l'industrie de 1870 à 1914 : institutions publiques et transformation de l'Etat." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4106.
Full textJoumas, Georges. "Louis Gallouédec (1864-1937), un vulgarisateur de la géographie engagé en politique." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE1072.
Full textLouis Gallouédec (1864-1937) has acted simultaneously as a prominent geographer and a politician in the Loiret department. From a very modest Briton background, he has enjoyed an impressive social advancement throught "meritocracy". One of Vidal de La Blache's students, he passed the agregation, contribued to the Annales de géographie, and then specialized in the writing of textbooks. From 1912 onwards, he ran the whole Hachette collection of atlas and geography books for all levels of teaching. From 1911 to 1933, he exercised as a inspector general. All the same time, he took an active part in the political life in the Loiret departement : first as a militant : defence of Dreyfus, defence of the republican and civil causes, then as an elected representative for the radical party : mayor, department councilor and eventually president of the department Council. Obviously, all the points of this research have been studied in the historical context of the Third Republic
Dubus, Emmanuel. "L'inspection du Midi de Jules Ferry à Jean Zay : études sur les inspecteurs d'académiques de l'Aveyron, de l'Aude, du Gard, de l'Hérault, de la Lozère, des Pyrénées-Orientales et du Tarn de 1879 à 1939." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30026/document.
Full textUnder the Third Republic in France, chief inspectors of schools were in charge of making apply the various governmental policies in primary education. Their role, badly known, amounted not only to execute ministerial instructions. They invested their mission by adapting itself to the territories in which they practiced, territories where they had to compose with contradictory pressures. In the south of France, when strong cultural, political, religious and economic disparities existed, so allowed these men to marry the ideal republican, by supporting, by leading the laic camp, by opposing sometimes violently with the conservative opponents. After the Great War however, their influence decreases, disputed that they were by the emergence of the “Syndicat National des Instituteurs” and its departmental relays. So, from Jules Ferry to Jean Zay, chief inspectors of schools, while faded slowly the guardianship of the prefect and the politicians, had to compose with this new strength by holding henceforth major account of its demands
Rocher, Yves-Marie. "Le musée de l’Armée et ses collections sous la Troisième République." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL163.
Full textThe official creation of the French Army Museum in the Hotel des Invalides occured in 1905, gathering two pre-existent establishments, the Army historic museum and the artillery museum. In so doing it is two conceptions of the collections of military objects that group together under the same administration. One was a museum of techniques, eager to retranscribe the evolutions of the armament over time, the other one tried to transmit to the visitor a feeling of timeless greatness of the french nation symbolized by its Army. This double ancestry is going to be the core of questionings on the museography and the choices relative to the collection during all the life of the establishment. The place of the memory is going to be a permanent stake. The first stages of implementation stopped with the Great War, which saw at the same time the museum slowing down its activity and knowing a big influx with the exhibition of trophies and paintings realized on the battlefield. This episode, so peculiar in the life of the establishment, is going to impulse the creation of new rooms from 1915 onward. Then the Army museum had the ambition to be a key place of the memory of the first world conflict. However this will had to cope with two major difficulties. First, the war ministry didn’t provide enough fees and furthermore the expression of these remembrances after 1918 left the Invalides for other places. In 1928, while the museum obtained its financial autonomy, all the display were changed in a way close to the private collections. Separating the parts dedicated to the memory of those showing the collection, the establishment gave itself a policy which continued beyond the second world conflict
Peter, Mathieu. "Les orphelinats du Tarn sous la Troisième République." Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10051.
Full textOrphanages first appeared in the third part of the 19th century following the drastic changes operated in public assistance of children. These charities belonged to the religious revival prior to the revolution, and were characterized by the advent of Social Catholicism, the growth of religious communities and the protestant movements of 'Réveil'. An orphanage was a special charitable establishment both of private and denominational nature, which welcomed and educated children from deprived family situations. These structures defined orphans on a larger scale, including cases in which the absence of the parents was not only due to death. No laws defined or provided for orphanages ; this institution did not have a specific judicial regime, but borrowed its components from the others. The heterogeneous ensemble thus obtained created a specific regulatory framework bu default, which was mostly inspired by public power (association, foundation, and congregation). The project of a legal frame for orphanages did not appear before the Third Republic. The monitoring of private establishments of charity stemmed from the radicalization of anticleral struggle. The modalities and growth of state control in orphanages in the Tarn department will be examined in the following research
Dubasque, François. "Jean Hennessy (1874-1944) : itinéraire militant d'un politique entre milieux réformateurs et réseaux d'influence." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30026.
Full textDescended from the upper middle business class, heir to a conservative and liberal political dynasty, Jean Hennessy went into politics with the support of a clientele. At the legislative elections of 1910, he won elections to the district of Barbezieux in Charente which he kept for five terms before his parliamentary career in the Alpes-Maritimes. But defending a reforming vision based on the professional representation within the regional environment and on the federalist principle, he disengaged himself from the family political heritage and presided over various groups of opinion as the League of regionalist action and the League for the organization of the SDN. With his commitment he connected with the circle of the moderate left for which he financed two news agencies, L'Oeuvre and Le Quotidien. A man skilled in manoeuvring between friends and established groups, he obtained some political success in the Twenties, personally contributing to the electoral victory of the Left Wing Coalition in 1924. From 1928 to 1930, he was a Minister for Agriculture in the Poincaré, Briand and Tardieu cabinets. His political isolation, following his involvement in the Hanau crisis and serious setbacks, induced him to radicalize his projects of reform. He then founded the social-national party (1933-1936), moving towards bringing legitimacy to his beliefs. In spite of several changes on the political chess-board, Jean Hennessy remained nevertheless faithful to his regionalist and federalist ideals which he still tried, at the twilight of his life, to promote around maréchal Pétain
Dasque, Isabelle. "À la recherche de Monsieur de Norpois : les diplomates de la République (1871-1914)." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040176.
Full textIn order to protect the interests of France, the Third Republic can rely on the high diplomatic staff which had been partially renewed through the “republicanisation” of its senior officials and the integration of external elements and stimulated by their patriotic ardour. Notwithstanding its efforts to make the diplomatic corps more democratic, the french government relies to a great extent on people proceeding from the traditional elite, socially close to their diplomatic counterpart and familiar with the social and cultural practice inherited from the old court society. Far from been severed from the remainder of the nation, the members of the diplomatic Career are narrowly bound to the new ruling class by a lot of interests which evidence the achievement of a process of integration within the republican society between 1870 and 1914 and equally reflects the emergence of a diplomacy where the process of decision rests on interactions between different poles and intermediaries. Though censuring the weaknesses of the republican institutions, they have been won over to the new regime and they are grateful to it for having carried out ambitious politics and turned the diplomacy into an efficient tool serving the national grandeur. Anxious to keep the old traditions which guarantee the cohesion and the “esprit de corps”, nevertheless diplomats of the “Belle Epoque” have paved the way for a more modern diplomacy, adjusting the professional practices to changes in international life. At the same time they have the feeling of witnessing the twilight of the old diplomacy, slow and thoughtful which could be identified with the conception of the European order and the international relations before 1914, nostalgic of which they already are
Lorin, Amaury. "Une ascension en République : Paul Doumer, 1857-1932, d’Aurillac à l’Élysée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0054.
Full textBased on research in nearly thirty archival centers including newly-discovered family archives, as well as field studies in France, Russia and Vietnam, this dissertation sets out to fill an important gap of the history of the French Republic: despite 25. 000 roads in France named after Paul Doumer (1857-1932), the thirteenth President of the French Third Republic (1931-1932), no study has yet been dedicated to him. General-Governor of Indochina (1897-1902); the only genuine worker’s son among the leading elites of the Third Republic; the only teacher among the fourteen Presidents of the Third Republic; one of the few who successively presided over each of the two Chambers but, on the other hand, who did not chair the government or any political party: Paul Doumer’s career represents many exceptions. Doumer took an active role on every important political issue from 1887 to 1932, particularly colonial expansion, the three-year law, the income tax and the reparations to Germany. Embodying the meritocratic dimension of the French republican model and the ideal of social promotion based on schooling and individual talent, Paul Doumer’s cursus honorum to the supreme office is also marked and shaped by tragedy: the Great War cost the lives of four of his five sons before the President himself was shot on 6 May 1932 while exercising his duties. The drama was dubbed the « Sarajevo of the Second World War», coming at a time when fascism was on the rise in Europe
Providence, Mathieu. "La contribution paradoxale du boulangisme à l’édification de la démocratie parlementaire." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100169.
Full textAll the studies of boulangism (1886-1889, political movement organised around general Boulanger) are relatively unanimous : Boulanger is largely seen as a mediocre character, deprived of any political genius and lost in a world where he does not belong and which quickly comes to its end. Nevertheless, those representations, built by historians specialised in the political movement, should be questioned. By choosing a socio-political approach, one can highlight a new chronology of the movement, thus shedding light on how the Boulangist phenomenon worked in a practical way. Above all, by applying the theoretical input on the transitory quality of the period (the beginning of the Third Republic), it was possible to discover how boulangism unexpectedly contributed to the reinforcement of France’s parliamentary regime. Particular attention was paid to the negociations that occured between the central actors of the Third Republic (deputies, senators, journalists, magistrates, militaries) as well as to circumstances. This shows how, when confronted to a threat to the Republic (indeed, Boulanger wants to change French institutions), the republican enemies of Boulangism elaborated schemes that were highly original, not only in the political (modification of the organisation of assemblies, evolution of parliamentary “groups”) and legal spheres (the Senate is turned into a High Court to sentence Boulanger, the term “conspiracy” against the Republic is invented) but also in the electoral one (multiple candidacies are forbidden, district ballot is re-established). This consisted in a decisive contribution to the transition between the Second Empire and the Third Republic and alleviated the end of the imperial authoritarian regime
Hong, Tai-Young. "Les fondements libéraux de la IIIe République." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0014.
Full textCaillet-Battais, Cécile. "La laïcité : contributions à l'étude de la construction d'une nouvelle vision de l'état." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100176.
Full textOlivier-Messonnier, Laurence. "Guerre et littérature de jeunesse française (1870-1919)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF20003.
Full textVaillant, Gilles. "L'Élite du Petit-Luxembourg : autour d'Antonin Dubost, la Présidence du Sénat sous la IIIe République." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10040.
Full textThe French Senate was established as a cornerstone of the constitutional system which was created in 1875. Endowed with a large array of powers, that Assembly was distinguished by its stability, which enabled it to be the anchor and rudder of the Third Republic. Spearheading it, the President of the Senate arbitrated between Senators and managed the course of the debate. Indispensable to the working of the parliamentary system, the President played a major role in the regime. He was the second most important figure in the system, as the first Senator, the President of the National Assembly and of the Supreme Court. He also had a very peculiar status among the actors of the system. Keeping his distance from the debates as he was the defender and the representative of his Assembly, he placed himself above the various parties. As a result, the President of the Senate was often considered as a natural candidate in the run for the Presidency of the Republic. Furthermore, and even more significantly, the Presidency of the Senate, on top of the legislative power, appears as a sphere of influence and was bound to play a major role whenever crises occurred, in particular during wars, as both Jules Jeanneney in 1939- 1940 or Antonin Dubost during the First World War showed. Unbeknownst to the public, the latter appears as the archetypal President of the Senate during the Third Republic, because of his brilliant career as a member of both Chambers, the esteem he enjoyed at the Palais du Luxembourg and his political creed. Just like him, the successive politicians that lived in the Petit-Luxembourg were among the most famous figures of the High Chamber and embodied the mindset of their fellow Senators and turned out to represent that group. The various Presidents formed a small homogeneous elite that upheld the values and specificities of the French Senate
Kreis, Emmanuel. ""Quis ut Deus ?" Antijudéo-maçonnisme et occultisme en France sous la IIIe République." Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE5022.
Full textAt the end of the Second Empire, Henri-Roger Gougenot des Mousseaux, a French polemicist, was the first to denounce, in a voluminous book, the kinship between Jews, Freemasons and Occultists, and their alleged collusion against the Christian world. This amalgam gradually finds its way into the counter-revolutionary and anti-modernist Catholic literature. Although these Catholic spheres do not seem quite sure what to do with such a “formula” that remained yet unused outside theoretical works, propagandists with uncertain ideological motivations and whose “anti-Semitism” was the only purpose suddenly took it from them. Anti-Semites thus emptied the amalgam between Jews, Freemasons and Occultists of its religious aspects and its most complicated elements – including speculations regarding occultism – and made it a slogan: “Freemasons and Jews”, which soon turned into a unique word, “judeo-masonry”. However, the diffusion of this cheap propaganda did not put an end to theoretical research and abstruse studies, sometimes venturing into the occult and leading to the weirdest fantasies. The present study follows the history of this strange literature, of its advocates and their organizations and the reasons behind their action. It relates militant paths to collective behaviours of the time, thus highlighting some historical phenomena extending far beyond the anti-Jewish, anti-Masonic and anti-occult underworld
Godineau, Laure. "Retour d'exil : les anciens communards au début de la troisième république." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010525.
Full textBinoche, Jacques. "Le rôle des élus de l'Algérie et des colonies au Parlement sous la Troisième République : 1871-1940." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT5020.
Full textAndré, Patrick. "Les parlementaires bonapartistes de la Troisième République (1871-1940)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040135.
Full textThose who remained faithful to the second Empire after the installation of the third Republic refused to accept their defeat. To promote their cause, they look up the theme of a revision of the republics institutions by means of the plebiscite. Moreover, the 264 deputies and senators who were elected between 1871 and 1940 (and who supported the idea of the "appel au peuple") identified themselves with the conservative and monarchist opposition. This unnatural alliance confused their electors and led, in the long term, to their collapse. This tactical error was, in itself, a reflection of their social background, which was that of an elite group, these "grands notables" who, at the same time constituted the cadres of bonapartism, sacrificed their political convictions on the altar of personal interest. Ultimately they were left with same a sort of fidelity to the dynasty. The compilation of a biographical dictionary enables on to pin point exactly how the careers of these plebiscitary parliamentarians evolved
Sanchez, Jean-Lucien. "La relégation des récidivistes en Guyane française : les relégués au bagne colonial de Saint-Jean-du-Maroni, 1887-1953." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00506778.
Full textGalvez-Behar, Gabriel. ""Pour la fortune et pour la gloire" : inventeurs, propriété industrielle et organisation de l'invention en France, 1870-1922." Lille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL30046.
Full textTanokuchi, Seigo. "Un théâtre de l'altérité : l'actualité politique de Jean Giraudoux, son interprétation scénique et sa réception critique sous la IIIème République." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100022.
Full textThe thesis highlights the cosmopolitan dimension of Jean Giraudoux’s dramatic works, taking into account their staging, critical reception and the theatrical context of the Third Republic during the interwar period. Being responsible for promoting cultural exchanges at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Giraudoux, who was Germanist and an enthusiast of foreign literature, considers the theatre as a privileged means to show the different ‘voices’ of humanity and compose a universal song. Certainly, as the reading of his political writings reveals, Giraudoux defended national interests as the head of General Information Commission in 1939-1940, and echoed stubborn prejudices in his intellectual milieu. But at the same time, to concretize the conception of the theatre of alterity, he devoted himself to the renovation of the dramatic language in close association with Louis Jouvet at L’Athénée. The analysis of his characters and themes shows that Giraudoux has constantly sketched figures of the Other and referred to foreign cultures to demonstrate his philosophy of cosmopolitanism. Exploiting of Louis Jouvet’s archives in the National Library of France, concerning the stages produced by Jouvet, the thesis will think that Giraudoux’s dramatic world takes on an appearance both exotic and heteroclite that could disturb the Parisian public. While, exported outside of France during the tours of Jouvet’s troupe and adapted in foreign languages by his literary friends, Giraudoux’s theatre would be appreciated and recognized by various international audiences as a French attempt to represent the diversity of the world