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Journal articles on the topic 'France – History – 17th-18th cent'

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1

Ferrand, Jérôme. "Arbitration in early-modern France (16th-18th cent.): A difficult position between the King-legislator's 'voluntarist' policy and a reactionary Judiciary." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 77, no. 1-2 (2009): 103–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/004075809x403415.

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AbstractThe early-modern French monarchy incorporated arbitration within its system of judicial rationalisation. Faced with the constraints of the Ordinance on the Reform of Justice Administration, the sovereign regional courts (Parlements) multiplied the formal requirements imposed on arbitration proceedings so as to better control it. As a result, its field of application was reduced. In spite of the monarchy's efforts to rehabilitate arbitration, it was largely abandoned by litigants, who preferred to resort to settlement by agreement, which they perceived as a both less restricting and mor
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2

Butel, Paul, and François Crouzet. "Empire and Economic Growth: the Case of 18th Century France." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 16, no. 1 (1998): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610900007096.

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Among the colonial powers of the early modern period, France was the last to emerge. Although, the French had not abstained from the exploration of fhe New World in the 16th century: G. de Verrazano discovered the site of New York (1524), during a voyage sponsored by King Francis I; Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence to Quebec and Montreal (1535). From the early 16th century, many ships from ports such as Dieppe, St. Malo, La Rochelle, went on privateering and or trading expeditions to the Guinea coast, to Brazil, to the Caribbean, to the Spanish Main. Many French boats did fish off Ne
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3

Fagyal, Zsuzsanna. "Phonetics and speaking machines." Historiographia Linguistica 28, no. 3 (2001): 289–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.28.3.02fag.

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Summary This paper shows that in the 17th century various attempts were made to build fully automatic speaking devices resembling those exhibited in the late 18th-century in France and Germany. Through the analysis of writings by well-known 17th-century scientists, and a document hitherto unknown in the history of phonetics and speech synthesis, an excerpt from La Science universelle (1667[1641]) of the French writer Charles Sorel (1599–1674), it is argued that engineers and scientists of the Baroque period have to be credited with the first model of multilingual text-to-speech synthesis engin
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4

Truong, Anh Thuan. "Conflicts among religious orders of Christianity: А study of Vietnam during the 17th and 18th centuries". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 37, № 2 (2021): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.214.

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During the 17th and 18th centuries, the presence as well as activities of religious orders of Christianity in Vietnam, predominantly the Society of Jesus, Mendicant Orders (Franciscan Order, Dominican Order, etc.), and the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, to establish or maintain and strengthen the interests of some Western countries’ (Portugal, Spain, France) missionary work in this country led to conflicts and disputes over the missionary area as well as the right to manage missionary activities among religious orders of Christianity. From 1665 to 1773, the Vietnamese Catholic Church wi
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Dekker, Rudolf. "Labour Conflicts and Working-Class Culture in Early Modern Holland." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (1990): 377–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000010051.

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SUMMARYFrom the 15th to the 18th century Holland, the most urbanized part of the northern Netherlands, had a tradition of labour action. In this article the informal workers' organizations which existed especially within the textile industry are described. In the 17th century the action forms adjusted themselves to the better coordinated activities of the authorities and employers. After about 1750 this protest tradition disappeared, along with the economic recession which especially struck the traditional industries. Because of this the continuity of the transition from the ancien régime to t
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Golubkov, Andrey V. "Paving the Road to the Historical Novel: “Les Histoires Secrètes” in France at the Turn of the 17th and 18th Centuries." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 4 (2020): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-4-88-101.

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This article examines the genre of “secret history” which gained widespread currency in France after the publication of the book Anecdotes of Florence: or, A Secret History of the House of Medici (1685) by Antoine de Varillas. The preface to the book gives an overview of the theory of the genre that welcomes representation of hidden, sometimes “dishonorable” or “insignificant” premises of important events, usually ignored by official historiographers who tend to focus on the façade of their protagonist’s life. Authors of such “secret” stories are advised to use gossips obtained from the “royal
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Wollock, Jeffrey. "John Bulwer (1606–1656) and Some British and French Contemporaries." Historiographia Linguistica 40, no. 3 (2013): 331–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.40.3.02wol.

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Summary John Bulwer’s (1606–1656) work was unknown in 17th–18th century France. In 1827, when Joseph-Marie Degérando (1772–1842) became curious about the relation between the methods respectively of Bulwer and John Wallis (1616–1703), the pioneer oral instructor of the deaf in Britain, he had to query Charles Orpen, M. D. (1791–1856) in Dublin because no copy of Bulwer’s Philocophus (1648) could be found in Paris. In fact, Theodore Haak (1605–1690) had sent a copy of this book from London to Père Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) in Paris in July 1648, but none of Mersenne’s circle could read English
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Keller, Marcel, Maria A. Spyrou, Christiana L. Scheib, et al. "Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541–750)." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (2019): 12363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820447116.

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The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within the Roman Empire and continued as the so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although paleogenomic studies have previously identified the causative agent as Y. pestis, little is known about the bacterium’s spread, diversity, and genetic history over the course of the pandemic. To elucidate the microevolution of the bacterium during this time period, we screened human remains from 21 sites in Austria, Britain, Germany, France, and Spain for Y. pestis DNA and reconstructed eight genome
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Ziemba, Antoni. "Mistrzowie dawni. Szkic do dziejów dziewiętnastowiecznego pojęcia." Porta Aurea, no. 19 (December 22, 2020): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/porta.2020.19.01.

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In the first half of the 19th century in literature on art the term ‘Old Masters’ was disseminated (Alte Meister, maître ancienns, etc.), this in relation to the concept of New Masters. However, contrary to the widespread view, it did not result from the name institutionalization of public museums (in Munich the name Alte Pinakothek was given in 1853, while in Dresden the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister was given its name only after 1956). Both names, however, feature in collection catalogues, books, articles, press reports, as well as tourist guides. The term ‘Old Masters’ with reference to the a
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10

Grzywacz, Małgorzata. "Zgromadzenia zakonne we współczesnym protestantyzmie. Zarys problematyki na przykładzie żeńskiej wspólnoty z Grandchamp." Studia Religiologica 53, no. 2 (2020): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844077sr.20.007.12510.

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Christian Orders in Contemporary Protestantism. Outline of the Problem on the Example of the Female Community from Grandchamp The article concentrates on the renewal of monastic life in the European evangelical churches after 1945. The Reformation, initiated by the speech of Martin Luther (1483–1546), brought about great changes in this respect, questioning the current principles of the presence of the monk’s life in the Christian community. Criticism of religious life, formulated by the father of the Wittenberg Reformation, was undertaken by both Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) and John Calvin. Un
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11

Grzywacz, Małgorzata. "Zgromadzenia zakonne we współczesnym protestantyzmie. Zarys problematyki na przykładzie żeńskiej wspólnoty z Grandchamp." Studia Religiologica 53, no. 2 (2020): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844077sr.20.007.12510.

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Christian Orders in Contemporary Protestantism. Outline of the Problem on the Example of the Female Community from Grandchamp The article concentrates on the renewal of monastic life in the European evangelical churches after 1945. The Reformation, initiated by the speech of Martin Luther (1483–1546), brought about great changes in this respect, questioning the current principles of the presence of the monk’s life in the Christian community. Criticism of religious life, formulated by the father of the Wittenberg Reformation, was undertaken by both Ulrich Zwingli (1484–1531) and John Calvin. Un
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12

Byś, Jelena. "Stosunek państwa do kościołów w Rosji od chrztu Rusi do rewolucji październikowej : (od X w. do 1917 r.)." Prawo Kanoniczne 44, no. 1-2 (2001): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2001.44.1-2.10.

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The relation ship of the state to the Church in the course of history has always been problematic. This is true especially in Eastern Europe. This article presents the most significant historical events which influenced the relations between the state and the churches in Russia from Russia’s baptism in 10th century till the October Revolution of 1917. The text reveals the gradual emergence of cesaropapism, imported from Byzance and aiming at the full subordination of the churches to the state authorities. Several historical periods can be traced to this development. The first period begins at
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13

Willemijn Fock, C. "werkelijkheid of schijn. Het beeld van het Hollandse interieur in de zeventiende-eeuwse genreschilderkunst." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 112, no. 4 (1998): 187–246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501798x00211.

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AbstractOur ideas of what 17th century Dutch interiors looked like have been conditioned by the hundreds of paintings of interiors by Dutch genre painters. Even restorations and reconstructions in our own time (fig. 1) are influenced significantly by them. It is therefore of vital importance to our knowledge of the history of Dutch interior decoration to realise what we can or cannot believe, and to compare these genre interiors with other sources such as probate inventories, building specifications, plans, conditions of sale, contemporary descriptions such as travellers' reports, etc. It is t
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14

Zavyalova, Anna E. "Alexandre Dumas’s Works in the Art of Alexandre Benois." Observatory of Culture 16, no. 2 (2019): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-2-184-195.

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The article studies the problem of interpretation of literary source in visual creative work of A.N. Benois. There are identified and analyzed new sources of his works — historical novels by A. Dumas, père. The question about the role of the novels by Alexandre Dumas devoted to the history of France of the 17th and 18th centuries in creative work of Alexandre Benois has never become the object of research. The re­levance of this article is determined by this fact. The scientific novelty of this article lies in revea­ling new literary sources of creative work of A. Benois — Dumas’s novels “Jose
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15

Duparc, F. J. "Philips Wouwerman, 1619 - 1668." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 107, no. 3 (1993): 257–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501793x00018.

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AbstractPhilips Wouwerman(s) was undoubtedly the most accomplished and successful Dutch painter of equestrian scenes in the 17th century. Even so, neither a critical study of his work nor a documented biography has been published. The present essay not only presents the results of archive research but also outlines his artistic development. Besides the seven dated pictures by the artist known by Hofstede de Groot, several others have been discovered. Wouwerman was born in Haarlem, the eldest son of the painter Pouwels Joosten and his fourth wife, Susanna van den Bogert. Two other sons, Pieter
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16

Ewals, Leo. "Ary Scheffer, een Nederlandse Fransman." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 99, no. 4 (1985): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501785x00134.

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AbstractAry Scheffer (1795-1858) is so generally included in the French School (Note 2)- unsurprisingly, since his career was confined almost entirely to Paris - that the fact that he was born and partly trained in the Netherlands is often overlooked. Yet throughout his life he kept in touch with Dutch colleagues and drew part of his inspiration from Dutch traditions. These Dutch aspects are the subject of this article. The Amsterdam City Academy, 1806-9 Ary Scheffer was enrolled at the Amsterdam Academy on 25 October 1806, his parents falsifying his date of birth in order to get him admitted
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17

Margo, Curtis E., and Lynn E. Harman. "Voltaire and the politicization of medicine and science." Journal of Medical Biography, April 22, 2021, 096777202110104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09677720211010461.

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The 17th and 18th centuries witnessed an intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment that made possible future revolutions such as the scientific. No person better characterizes the Enlightenment than Voltaire (1696–1976) who, in his book Philosophical Letters published in 1734, venerated the liberalism of English institutions while criticizing the ancien régime of France. He was convinced that the personal freedom the English enjoyed was responsible for their country's success, pointing to inoculation for smallpox and advances in science as evidence. His choice of smallpox inoculation an
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18

Newton, Michael Steven. "‘ “Dannsair air ùrlar-déile thu”: Gaelic evidence about dance from the mid-17th to late-18th century Highlands’." International Review of Scottish Studies 38 (October 28, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/irss.v38i0.2319.

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From the 1950s to the 1970s, two sets of scholars – Tom and Joan Flett, and George Emmerson – gleaned many English-language sources to recover aspects of the history of dance in Scotland. They correctly pointed out the pervasive influence of French court culture and the French-trained dancing masters on Scottish forms of dance, including in the Highlands, but did not examine the majority of potential Gaelic sources in their work. This article examines Scottish Gaelic sources referring to dance practices in the Scottish Highlands from the late-seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth ce
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Provençal, Johanne. "Ghosts in Machines and a Snapshot of Scholarly Journal Publishing in Canada." M/C Journal 11, no. 4 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.45.

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The ideas put forth here do not fit perfectly or entirely into the genre and form of what has established itself as the scholarly journal article. What is put forth, instead, is a juxtaposition of lines of thinking about the scholarly and popular in publishing, past, present and future. As such it may indeed be quite appropriate to the occasion and the questions raised in the call for papers for this special issue of M/C Journal. The ideas put forth here are intended as pieces of an ever-changing puzzle of the making public of scholarship, which, I hope, may in some way fit with both the work
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20

Mac Con Iomaire, Máirtín. "Coffee Culture in Dublin: A Brief History." M/C Journal 15, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.456.

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IntroductionIn the year 2000, a group of likeminded individuals got together and convened the first annual World Barista Championship in Monte Carlo. With twelve competitors from around the globe, each competitor was judged by seven judges: one head judge who oversaw the process, two technical judges who assessed technical skills, and four sensory judges who evaluated the taste and appearance of the espresso drinks. Competitors had fifteen minutes to serve four espresso coffees, four cappuccino coffees, and four “signature” drinks that they had devised using one shot of espresso and other ingr
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Wise, Jenny, and Lesley McLean. "Making Light of Convicts." M/C Journal 24, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.2737.

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Introduction The social roles of alcohol consumption are rich and varied, with different types of alcoholic beverages reflecting important symbolic and cultural meanings. Sparkling wine is especially notable for its association with secular and sacred celebrations. Indeed, sparkling wine is rarely drunk as a matter of routine; bottles of such wine signal special occasions, heightened by the formality and excitement associated with opening the bottle and controlling (or not!) the resultant fizz (Faith). Originating in England and France in the late 1600s, sparkling wine marked a dramatic shift
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Inglis, David. "On Oenological Authenticity: Making Wine Real and Making Real Wine." M/C Journal 18, no. 1 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.948.

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IntroductionIn the wine world, authenticity is not just desired, it is actively required. That demand comes from a complex of producers, distributors and consumers, and other interested parties. Consequently, the authenticity of wine is constantly created, reworked, presented, performed, argued over, contested and appreciated.At one level, such processes have clear economic elements. A wine deemed to be an authentic “expression” of something—the soil and micro-climate in which it was grown, the environment and culture of the region from which it hails, the genius of the wine-maker who nurtured
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Toutant, Ligia. "Can Stage Directors Make Opera and Popular Culture ‘Equal’?" M/C Journal 11, no. 2 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.34.

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Cultural sociologists (Bourdieu; DiMaggio, “Cultural Capital”, “Classification”; Gans; Lamont & Foumier; Halle; Erickson) wrote about high culture and popular culture in an attempt to explain the growing social and economic inequalities, to find consensus on culture hierarchies, and to analyze cultural complexities. Halle states that this categorisation of culture into “high culture” and “popular culture” underlined most of the debate on culture in the last fifty years. Gans contends that both high culture and popular culture are stereotypes, public forms of culture or taste cultures, each
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