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Journal articles on the topic 'France-Lebanon relations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hafez, Ziad. "The Israeli–Lebanese war of 2006: consequences for Lebanon." Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, no. 2 (2008): 187–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910801951748.

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This article focuses on the political narrative in Lebanon before and after the Israeli war against Lebanon in 2006. It revolves around the subject of national unity as a sine qua non condition for success for the Lebanese resistance led by Hezbollah. A major consequence of the narrative on national unity is the need to build a modern state and establish a cohesive defence policy. The paper also examines the impact of the war on Lebanon's economy and on its relations with the rest of the world (the USA, France, Syria, Arab countries, and Iran).

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2

Kościelniak, Krzysztof. "Status chrześcijan w Libanie według Règlement z 1861 oraz 1864 roku." Analecta Cracoviensia 40 (January 4, 2023): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/acr.4023.

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Lebanon’s experiment with power sharing dates back to 1861 and 1864. Règlement, the law regulating relations between of all the ethnic-religious groups of Lebanon (Maronite Christians, Sunni Muslims, Christian Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholics, the Shi’a Muslims, and the Druze) was a novel, very interesting solution for multi-ethnic society of Lebanon. This society was divided along confessional lines concentrating in distinct geographical regions. The Ottoman governor had to be a appointed by Constantinople, non-Lebanese Catholic with the authorization of the five foreign guarantors (from Engla

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3

Wood, Pia Christina. "The diplomacy of peacekeeping: France and the multinational forces to Lebanon, 1982–84." International Peacekeeping 5, no. 2 (1998): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533319808413717.

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4

Balossi-Restelli, Ludovica Marchi. "Italian foreign and security policy in a state of reliability crisis?" Modern Italy 18, no. 3 (2013): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2013.801667.

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This article focuses on Italian foreign and security policy (IFSP). It looks at three examples of the country's policy-making which reveal its poor results as a security provider, namely: Italy's tardy reaction to the violence in Libya in 2011, its prompt reaction to the Lebanon crisis in 2006, and its efforts to be included in the diplomatic directorate, the P5 + 1, approaching relations with Iran in 2009. The article considers whether government action has bolstered the reliability of IFSP and also discusses the country's FSP in terms of its basic differences from that of its partners in the

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5

Herzstein, Rafael. "Saint-Joseph University of Beirut: An Enclave of the French-Speaking Communities in the Levant, 1875–1914." Itinerario 32, no. 2 (2008): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300001996.

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The origin of the Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, or USJ, dates back to the Seminar of Ghazir founded by the Jesuit Fathers in 1843. The College of Ghazir, established with the intention of training the local Maronite clergy, was transferred to Beirut in 1875. This centre for higher studies was named Saint-Joseph University. In his audience of 25 February 1881, Pope Leo XIII conferred the title of Pontifical University on the USJ.This article deals with the history of the USJ, the first great French-speaking Jesuit institution in the area which, at the time, bore the name of “Syria”. (The t

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6

Bartenev, Vladimir. "European Donors in the Arab World: Redistribution of Resources and Roles." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (2020): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope620207689.

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The article explores official development assistance flows from European countries to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and highlights certain specifics and the logic of redistribution of resources and roles between the largest European donors throughout the 2010s – since the Arab Spring, which transformed the political landscape of the entire region. This trend is explained by uneven dynamics of the donor activities of three states with a direct access to the Mediterranean – France, Italy and Spain ‒ and other countries. This dynamic seems to be caused by differences in domestic economi

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Sagomonyan, Alexander. "Participation of Russia in the 1860—1861 International Commission on Syria." ISTORIYA 14, no. 12-2 (134) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840029670-6.

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The definition of the “Syrian crisis of 1860” is based on a series of bloody clashes and pogroms that broke out on the territory of Mount Lebanon and Damascus. These events had such a resonance in Europe that the government of the Ottoman Empire was forced to agree to the arrival of the French expeditionary force and the creation of an international commission consisting of representatives of five European powers — Britain, France, Russia, Austria and Prussia. The results of the commission&apos;s work turned out to be quite balanced and successful, ensuring the peaceful development of the

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8

Timofeeva, Natalia S. "“...SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS ARE NOW RESUMING THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE INSTITUTIONS OF OTHER COUNTRIES”. DOCUMENTS OF THE ALL-UNION SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES ABOUT THE BOOK EXCHANGE IN THE 1940S OF SOVIET EGYPTOLOGISTS WITH THEIR EGYPTIAN COLLEAGUES." History and Archives, no. 4 (2023): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2023-5-4-61-76.

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On the basis of the archival materials from the Foundation of the All-Union Society for Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the author considers the process of the book exchange in 1944–1946 between Soviet Orientalists and their Egyptian colleagues. That exchange played an important part in the Soviet-Egyptian relations, the genesis of which was interrupted with the beginning of the “Cold War”. The book transaction was carried out largely due to the activities of the Soviet Egyptologist, TASS correspondent M.A. Korostovtsev, who was sent t

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9

Shchevelev, S. S. "THE BRITISH MANDATE AND THE UPRISING OF 1920 IN IRAQ." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), no. 1 (2021): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-1-140-153.

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The article examines the initial period of the mandate administration of Iraq by Great Britain, the anti-British uprising of 1920. The chronological framework covers the period from May 1916 to October 1921 and includes an analysis of events in the Middle East from May 1916, when the secret agreement on the division of the territories of the Ottoman Empire after the end of World War I (the Sykes-Picot agreement) was concluded before the proclamation of Faisal as king of Iraq and from the formation of the country՚s government. This period is a key one in the Iraqi-British relations at the turn

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10

Dudaiti, Albert K. "The problem of Middle East settlement in the policy of the leading member states of the European Union in the context of the Iraq and Lebanon crises (2003-2008)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 474 (2022): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/474/20.

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The article analyzes the Middle East policy of the leading EU member states in the period of the Iraqi and Lebanese crises. The author notes that the war in Iraq caused disagreements between France and Germany and the United States, but in general it did not affect the high level of relations between these countries. The Iraqi crisis contributed to increased tensions in the Middle East. In order to resume Palestinian-Israeli negotiations, a Quartet of international mediators (the United States, the UN, the EU, and Russia) was created, which introduced a “road map” for settlement. But soon ther

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11

Freedman, Lawrence D., Gil Merom, and Efraim Inbar. "How Democracies Lose Small Wars: State, Society, and the Failures of France in Algeria, Israel in Lebanon, and the United States in Vietnam." Foreign Affairs 83, no. 2 (2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033924.

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12

Gray, Christine. "The 2017 Judicial Activity of the International Court of Justice." American Journal of International Law 112, no. 2 (2018): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2018.42.

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In 2017 the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) made only procedural decisions, one on preliminary objections, one on counterclaims, and two on provisional measures. Three other new applications were made to the Court, all linked to earlier cases: Malaysia applied for the revision, and interpretation, of the judgment in the Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh case; and Costa Rica brought a case against Nicaragua concerning their land boundary in the area of Los Portillos, the latest in a long line of cases between the two states. Judges Ronny Abraham (France), Dalveer Bhandari (India), Ant

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13

Fomin, A. M. "British Policy and Strategy in the Middle East in 1941: Three Wars ‘East of Suez’." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 12, no. 3 (2020): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2020-12-3-191-221.

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After the defeat of France in the summer of 1940, Great Britain was left face to face with the Nazi Germany. It managed to endure the ﬁrst act of the ‘Battle of Britain’, but could not wage a full-scale war on the continent. Under these conditions, the defense of the British positions in the Mediterranean and in the Middle East became a top priority for W. Churchill’s cabinet. The author examines three episodes of Great Britain’s struggle for the Middle East in 1941 (Iraq, Syria, Iran), framing them into the general logic of the German-British confrontation during this period.The author emphas

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14

Grodin, M. A. "Cadaverland: Inventing a Pathology of Catastrophe for Holocaust Survival. The Limits of Medical Knowledge and Historical Memory in France, Michael Dorland (Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 2009), xi + 275 pp., cloth $45.00." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 24, no. 3 (2010): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcq053.

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15

SARI, İsmail. "France and Iran's Rivalry in the Middle East: Strategies, Interactions, and Consequences." İran Çalışmaları Dergisi, June 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33201/iranian.1290314.

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This study argues that France has recently sought to reassert itself as a power in the Middle East, North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean (MENA), especially in its former colonies. In this context, France's quest for "Pax Mediterranea" under the leadership of Emmanuel Macron, which has intensified its political-military initiatives in the MENA region, is analyzed through the rivalry between Paris and Tehran in Lebanon, Iraq and Syria, which are considered as Iran's spheres of influence in the Middle East. In this context, it is possible to explain the ups and downs of France-Iran relation

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16

Sobelman, Daniel. "Re-conceptualizing triangular coercion in International Relations." Cooperation and Conflict, August 10, 2022, 001083672210984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00108367221098494.

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Although coercion literature has traditionally focused on two-actor dyads, coercion in three-actor settings is a prevalent yet understudied strategy in International Relations. Such cases of “triangular coercion” represent a phenomenon whereby a coercer who lacks direct leverage over a resilient target coerces a third party who does possess leverage over the target, and to whom the target is vulnerable, and manipulates it into a clash of interests with the target. By forcing an otherwise uninvolved intermediary to align with the coercer, a coercer can alter the balance of vulnerability vis-à-v

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17

Walker, Dennis Patrick. "Clericist Catholic Authors and the Crystallization of Historical Memory of World War I in Lebanonist-Particularist Discourse, 1918–1922." Islamic Studies 48, no. 2 (2009). https://doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v48i2.4132.

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The First World War was a crisisfor pan-Catholic ideology in Lebanon. The Maronite and other Catholic intellectuals and journalists most dyed by Westerners saw millions of them kill each other and deplete their states for the long term. Christianity and the Catholic Church had not enabled Christians to resolve disputes constructively. Could so weakened a France now sustain any role as a “protector” of Lebanon’s Maronites and other Christians? The peril to the West during WWI, though, did make the Arab Catholic intellectuals turn a blind eye to the secularizing aspects that marginalized Christi

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18

Scalamonti, Francesco. "An empirical analysis of the intra-industry trade flows with a spatial-gravity model for a cluster of EU-advanced economies and MEDA-transitional economies." Financial Statistical Journal 8, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.24294/fsj10238.

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This study uses spatial-gravity models to examine intra-industry trade flow based on technological intensity for a cluster of the main EU-advanced economies (Spain, France, Germany, Italy, and Greece) and MEDA-transitional economies (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey) from 1990 to 2020. We have inserted into the models in an original way the variables of cultural affinity to grasp the effects of the liability of foreignness. We also consider the upheavals began with the “global economic crisis” (2007–2008), including the “sovereign debt crisis”

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19

Kirasirova, Masha. "The Partisans of Peace in Lebanon and Syria: How Anti-Nuclear Activism in the 1950s Revitalized the Arab Left." International Journal of Middle East Studies, January 15, 2024, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743823001502.

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The global confrontation between the Axis and Allied powers during World War II accelerated decolonization in the Middle East. Axis propaganda supporting certain nation-state aspirations pushed the British to support nationalist Lebanese and Syrian leaders’ claims to independence from the French. After declaring independence, the leaders of the new Lebanese and Syrian governments sought to further secure their national interests by asking the Soviet Union and United States for help, establishing diplomatic relations with both countries in 1944. This calculated move proved effective. Josef Stal

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20

"Language learning." Language Teaching 39, no. 2 (2006): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026144480622370x.

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06–235Akinjobi, Adenike (U Ibadan, Nigeria), Vowel reduction and suffixation in Nigeria. English Today (Cambridge University Press) 22.1 (2006), 10–17.06–236Bernat, Eva (Macquarie U, Australia; Eva.Bernat@nceltr.mq.edu.au) & Inna Gvozdenko, Beliefs about language learning: Current knowledge, pedagogical implications, and new research directions. TESL-EJ (www.tesl-ej.org) 9.1 (2005), 21 pp.06–237Cheater, Angela P. (Macau Polytechnic Institute, China), Beyond meatspace – or, geeking out in e-English. English Today (Cambridge University Press) 22.1 (2006), 18–28.06–238Chen, Liang (Lehigh U, P

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21

"Language learning." Language Teaching 36, no. 2 (2003): 120–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261444803221935.

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03—285 Ahmed, Mehreen (U. of Queensland, Australia). A note on phrase structure analysis and design implication for ICALL. Computer Assisted Language Learning (Lisse, The Netherlands), 15, 4 (2002), 423—33.03—286 Argaman, Osnat and Abu-Rabia, Salim (U. of Haifa, Israel). The influence of language anxiety on English reading and writing tasks among native Hebrew speakers. Language, Culture and Curriculum (Clevedon, UK), 15, 2 (2002), 143—60.03—287 Bielinska, Monika (Schlesische Universität, Katowice, Poland). Zu Semantischen Aspekten der Wortkombinatorik. [On semantic aspects of word combination

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