Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'France. Sécurité militaire'
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Houenou, Seminakpon Arnaud. "Les nouveaux accords de défense franco-africains et la politique de sécurité de la France." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30060.
Full textEstablished in the 1960s with the independence of territories of the former French empire, the defense cooperation allowed the old French, colonial power to continue to maintain its influence in Africa, while at the same time establishing autonomous national African armies. Unfortunately some of the political and military choices made by France and the instrumentalization risks of a strictly bilateral involvement, have revealed the archaism of French – African relations, and have generated a crisis in cooperation. Having become inadequate due to changes in the international political arena that occurred in the 1990s characterized by the end of bipolarity, the French defense cooperation African has suffered from international competition from the commitment of African States to the effective exercise of their sovereignty as well as their full involvement in globalization and in new areas of solidarity and international cooperation, and from terrorist threats.In subscribing to the realist security approach, and considering the political-sociological constructivist theory of national interest defended by Alexander Wendt on the one hand, and on the other hand the regional security complex concept by Barry Buzan, this study proposes to show how France has put in place a new security policy based on new defense agreements in Africa, the continent closest to Europe in a context of proven strategic breakdown and security threats. Defined in a global regional context, this study demonstrates the strategy of France for security in Africa in a partnership that should be both transparent and efficient
Mve, Mbega Tobie. "La politique de défense et de sécurité de la France en Afrique à l'épreuve de l'après-Guerre Froide." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10064.
Full textMarret, Jean-Luc. "Sécurité et désarmement : politiques de la France en matière de désarmement ou de maîtrise des armements (1919-1995)." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020047.
Full textTraditionally, french policy considers disarmament as a part of security. Since 1919, france makes use of disarmament for the benefit of her security : against the german rearmement first; then, since 1945, in favour of the development of her national nuclear forces; finally, against proliferations, i. E. Her own strategic superiority. France acts very actively, since 1978 above all, but she is often criticized (ex. : international disputes concerning her latest nuclear tests)
Owaye, Jean-François. "Système de défense et de sécurité du Gabon de 1960 à nos jours." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30022.
Full textGabon's "security and defense system" was established in 1960, resulting from the fervour of independance and to the transfer of expertise from the community to the new african sovereignties. It is "a unification of civil and military equipment, of operational methods and rules", undoubtedly inspired by the conventional french military model, but which also takes into account the local ecology, the international geostrategic environment and the socio-economic development of the country. Set up by the french military command,the system is based on one of the principal objectives of gabon's general policy : security / development, which limits the defense efforts to a strict minimum (2,5% of the g. N. P. ), while assuring the nation (thanks to the strategy of dissuasion ) a relative security. Since 1960 it has come a long way. In fact, the security forces, inexperienced and understaffed when founded, were confined to the simple inaugural funetion af the new sovereignty ; their social role was nevertheless essential : they compensated for the lach of education by substituting for civil engineers. They were the "agents" of socialisation and national integration towards which the military service and youth civic service strove. Since the seventies, the improvement of a military ressources and the status of the personnel, the " gabonisation " of the command, the territorialisation of the armed forces and their professionalisation. . . Shows a permanent change in the defense system ; anadaptation characteristic of the search for a more efficient defense system, which remans the most important factor of the materialisation of the social treaty, and thus of the stability of the country
Gautier, Louis. "La défense hors du sanctuaire : la politique militaire de la France 1990-1995." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010281.
Full textDuring the last five years of François Mitterrand’s second term of office, between 1990 and 1995, France's military policy underwent many reforms ; but theoretical reflection has difficulty in unearthing new concepts for its renewal. Moreover, French defence culture with its strong national consensus going back thirty years, curbs any desire for change. The white paper on defence, a compromise document published in 1994 during a period of political cohabitation illustrates the intellectual predicament that redefining strategic principles and the way our armed forces are to be employed found itself in in the early 1990's. The document manages to find a compromise between the old dogmas and the assertion of new priorities. Despite the difficulties to formulate new forms of theoretical and political expression, three themes dominate defence matters between 1990 and 1995 : peace dividends, the lessons learned from the gulf war and the construction of a new security system in europe. These analyses encourage the political leaders to launch a renewal of the military machine, with the will to take the consensus on defence a stage further whilst maintaining it intact. In some ways the procrastination in our defence policy reveals hesitation to engage reform, and at the same time, appears as the necessary condition to a new expression of the internal political consensus on fresh grounds. The second reform of the fifth republic's defence policy is nonetheless actively underway. None of its main objectives will be subsequently reviewed, even though the format was changed after 1995 and the adoption of a professional army was decided upon. 1990 to 1995 was the first stage in a transitional reform which further strengthens France's European commitment
Koy, Eric. "L'évolution du statut constitutionnel de la Défense nationale et de la condition militaire sous la Vème république." Toulouse 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU10070.
Full textDeschaux-Dutard, Delphine. "De l'Eurocorps à une armée européenne ? : pour une sociologie historique européenne de sécurité et de défense (1991-2007)." Grenoble 2, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349871.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the construction, practices and legitimating uses of the European Security and Defence Policy since the 1990's. First we study the genesis of the European defence policy taking into account short-term factors opening a policy window (the end of the Cold War, the Balkan conflicts, NATO's reform) as well as structural factors, in this case the socializing framework of the French-German military cooperation. We demonstrate the political entrepreneurship of Mitterrand and Kohl seizing this policy window. They were later taken over by the diplomatic services of the EU states. Secondly we analyze the construction of the European defence policy as a specific social figuration within the EU framework. This new social figuration, relying on proper organs and on intergovernmentalism, interplays with the national defence figurations structured in time, modifying the interdependence games between the capitals and Brussels, and between the main actors groups (in this case officers, diplomats and defence civil servants). Moreover this ESDP figuration is deeply affected and modelled by the weight of the socialization of theses actors on a threefold level : national, professional and institutional. These several socialization weigh on the way theses actors daily practice and conceive the European defence policy. Indeed this new social space is invested on different ways by each categories of actors (military and diplomatic/civilian). Last but not least, the national security cultures are still very pregnant and go on framing ESDP in different ways according to the security representations of each state. This raises legitimating questions for this policy. Eventually European Security and Defence Policy does not aim at building a Euro-army, but fulfils latent functions as a political and symbolic substitute for European security action in the world. These latent functions appear to be at least as important as, if not more than, its manifest functions of reactivity to crisis. Thus ESDP aims at helping construct politically an international role for the EU in security matters
Assila, Henri. "La France et le problème de la sécurité européenne de 1953 à 1963." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040063.
Full textAfter Stalin’s death, the attitude towards detente changed on both sides of the iron curtain. In this study, the European security is more related to ideas such as disarmament, the future of Germany and the relationship between the east and the west. France though being in a difficult situation had to face the challenge. French diplomacy was indeed very concern by the future of Germany and disarmament problems (geographical situation). The focus of the present study lies on its diplomacy during this short period
Kamdjom, Luc Colbert. "La politique de coopération française en matière de défense et de sécurité en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081612.
Full textJolin, Gignac Jean-Sébastien. "Léon Blum et la politique étrangère de la France en Europe de l'Est (1919-1936) : du socialisme intégriste à la conception militaire de la sécurité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18140.
Full textLucazeau, Thibaut. "La géographie opérationnelle en gendarmerie : « cette philosophie de la géographie que la gendarmerie ignore »." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080025.
Full textA military force counting over 100 000 men, the French Gendarmerie Nationale ensures the security of people and goods over 95% of the national territory.Territorial appropriation and the meshed layout of the institution have been partly instrumental in controlling the territory for over three hundred years.These procedures are akin to geographical and geopolitical notions. However, regarding geography, the Gendarmerie Nationale has no structure or doctrine to offer. The case stands thus: the Gendarmerie is ignorant of what it could gain from geography. While the Gendarmerie belonged with the Ministry of Defense, it enjoyed, for decades, the support provided by the geographic structures of the armies, one grounded on paper maps and the teaching of topography. The situation did not hold out against both the technical revolution in geography and the evolution of the Gendarmerie.Computerization, digital cartography and geospatial information came in, overturning usages. The fact is that geographic analysis has remained crude, whereas the use made of it for statistical purposes has availed itself of advanced technology, an illustration of a loss of the Gendarmerie’s mastery of geography as applied to operations. The reality of field engagement has, in recent years, brought about a fresh impetus. New tools for both terrain analysis and geospatial information have been developed internally to cope with the challenges of home security. A brittle situation: the Gendarmerie is now becoming aware of the opportunities offered by a new use of geography
Costel, Éric. "Le Royaume-Uni, la France et l'arme nucléaire 1939-1993 : genèse, apogée et déclin d'une politique de puissance militaire." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF10135.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to compare the United Kingdom military nuclear policy with the French experience. Our work is a comparative and systematic analysis on 1939-1993 period: policy-making, strategic planification, nuclear warfare, strategy thinking and budget structure. In a first time, our demonstration was to prove the intellectual and technical framework of French and British nuclear programs, from genesis to full development. Maturity of militaries bureaucracies fit with a period of military spending reduction. This cut in military budget is the main factor for the adaptation of the armies models. In a second time, we can notice that the weakness of political advantages gathred by our two countries has only very tiny linkage with the collapse of feature of operational nuclear warfare and alliance politics. From 1962 to 1993, the signification of the “special relationship” between the United Kingdom and the United State was only a situation of absolute dependence. The result of French “politics of … “
Sheppard, Elizabeth. "L'européanisation des politiques de défense ? : les cas de la France et du Royaume-Uni 1995-2002." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0051.
Full textDefense policy has traditionally remained outside the realm of EU authority, remaining sovereign domains of the Nation-state. In many ways, the defense “exception” has kept the question out of public policy literature and in particular literature dedicated to the study of European public policy. The progressive evolution of the security context with the fall of the Berlin wall has highlighted the need to move beyond this theoretical exceptionalism to study the question as a public policy like any other. The modernizations of national armed forces and of general defense policy in Europe in the mid-1990s, accompanied by surprising progress in European defense, gives pause to question the multi-dimensional influences of the different levels of governance present within the EU. France and the UK have reorganized their armed forces based on concepts of jointery and interoperability and underlying networks underscoring the importance of coalition warfare. These changes, though not mandated by Europe, who has no real means of doing so, were nonetheless influenced by the EU which catalyzed policy change and provided a forum for policy transfer initiatives through mechanisms such as socialization. These demonstrate the processes by which Europeanization influences national defense policy-making in a sovereign policy domain
De, Rougé Guillaume Louis. "Le Fil d'Ariane : La France et la Défense européenne dans l'après-guerre froide [1991-2001]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030068.
Full textThis study consists in a historical and strategic analysis of French policy with regard to European defence in the post-Cold War era, from the Maastricht Treaty until the 2001 Laeken Declaration of ESDP « operationality », covering the most recent period in a brief coda. Relying on first-hand sources, including presidential archives and oral history, this study aims at contributing to the knowledge of French foreign and defence policy as well as European defence’s genesis and early implementation process. This study sheds new light on France’s motives and strategies in the realm of Euro-Atlantic security in a crucial period which only begins to be the subject of deeper historical research
Ferrand, Guilhem. "Communautés et insécurité en Rouergue à la fin du Moyen Âge." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20059.
Full textAt the beginning of the fourteenth century, communities in the Rouergue were not structurally prepared for war. The beginnings of the conflict, which started slowly in the 1330s and 1340s, and then suddenly from 1356, generated a feeling of insecurity in most people. This feeling necessitated a collective reaction in order to regain the opposite feeling: that of security. The organizing principle of the communities became that of defense preparedness. This occurred both by fortifying a central location and by organizing the surrounding territory for defensive purposes. Communities considered this territory as a defensive zone, that is, as the area containing the inhabitants who had access to the central, fortified location and who, for this reason, contributed to its construction, maintenance, and operations. Within each community, preparing for defense created internal tensions between different social groups. Among the communities themselves, preparing for defense changed the balance of power, with certain communities gaining the upper hand over others. Finally, preparing for defense revealed the importance of the relationship which linked communities to their lord and to the main lords of the Rouergue. This close relationship was an authoritative one which greatly consolidated the lord’s position. All things considered, the insecurity experienced by the people of the Rouergue at the end of the Middle Ages contributed to the ongoing construction of these communities, strengthened cohesion among the communities themselves, and led to a more involved relationship between communities and their lords
Hoeffler, Catherine. "Les politiques d'armement en Europe : "l'Adieu aux armes" de l'État nation ? : une comparaison entre l'Allemagne, la France, le Royaume-Uni et l'Union européenne de 1976 à 2010." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0016.
Full textThe topic of this dissertation in political science is the transformation of defence procurement policies in Germany, France, the UK, as well as at the European level, from 1976 to 2010. It is based on the analysis of national institutional changes as well as evolutions in European co-oeperative programmes through the cases of antitank missiles TRIGAT programmes. This study examines the redefinition of the role and instruments of States in this policy sector as they are confronted to European developments (OCCAR, European defence agency, and the directive on public contracts for defence procurement) and to national liberal reforms (privatization, new public management). In so doing, it explains why governments initiate these changes, and analyses the concrete machinery of cooperation. It shows that the apparently increasing role of Europe can be explained by a process characterized by a « double movement » : on the one hand, the implementation of liberal reforms, on the other hand, the strengthening of governmental strategies of defence industrial policies. The multiplication of arenas and modes of coordination indicates the evolution of state-led strategies of « economic patriotism », in their traditional and liberal versions, at various levels. Rather than a policy transfer from one level to another, these developments create a multi-level European governance that cannot be reduced to the European Union. In this context, governments remain crucial, while European organizations participate to a negative integration based on market making
Koungou, Léon. "Technicisation et réformes des politiques étatiques de défense du monde contemporain : adaptation de l'institution militaire et perspective stratégique en Afrique subsaharienne (Cameroun-Nigeria)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010339.
Full textBelomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'Etat au Cameroun." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00306419.
Full textPalermo, Karine. "Vers un régime unique du risque lié au travail." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00405449.
Full textOnana, Auguste Charles. "Rwanda, l'Opération Turquoise et la controverse médiatique (1994-2014) : analyse des enquêtes journalistiques, des documents secret-défense et de la stratégie militaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3083.
Full textOn the 22nd June 1994, the UN Security Council passes the resolution 929authorising the deployment of a multinational humanitarian, neutral and impartial force toRwanda having as its mission to put an end to the massacres. In concrete terms, it isFrance, on initiative of this project, who goes to carry out the command of the missionnamed Operation Turquoise. This comes up against the opposition of the Tutsis rebels ofthe Rwandan Patriotic Front, to the reservations of the humanitarian organisations but itreceives the backup support of the acting Rwandan Hutu government. OperationTurquoise incites above all a wave of accusations in the French press, with the PresidentFrançois Mitterand and the French military soldiers being accused of 'complicity ingenocide', even of taking part in the genocide. These accusations have endured and havebeen regularly coming back for more than twenty years, relayed by journalists who claimto have discovered then revealed the shameful role of France in RwandaThis study analyses the journalistic inquiries led from 1994 to 2014 and comparesthem with confidential secret defence documents stemming from American, French,Rwandan and UN records, as well as the military strategy put in place during OperationTurquoise. It also allows identification of the sources on which these accusations lie andevaluation of their validity. In so doing, it brings to the fore the way in which the researchhas focused on the genocide to the detriment of the armed struggle initiated by the RPFfrom 1990 to July 1994, leaving aside essential aspects in the comprehension of theRwandan tragedy
Bagayoko-Penone, Niagalé. "Les politiques de sécurité française et américaine en Afrique de l'Ouest : approche comparée des stratégies de la France et des Etats-Unis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0046.
Full textParisi, Ilaria. "La France et la crise des euromissiles, 1977-1987." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA104.
Full textThe origins of the Euromissile crisis date back to October 1977, when Helmut Schmidt publicly expressed his anxieties about the nuclear imbalance in Europe, following the deployment of the Soviet SS-20 missiles. The new Soviet system was more accurate than its predecessors and equipped with three nuclear warheads. NATO’s aging nuclear medium-range missiles could not match the Soviet technology and NATO’s nuclear escalation strategy proved weakened. At a time when SALT II fixed a rough strategic nuclear parity between the Soviet Union and the United States, Europe wondered whether the American extended deterrence was still reliable. The increasing Soviet threat and the deepening European defiance vis-à-vis the American military protection were the two central elements of the Euromissile crisis, which lasted until 1987, when the Washington treaty sanctioned the elimination of all Soviet and American medium-range nuclear forces in Europe.The French concern about the Euromissile crisis was twofold. Firstly, Moscow might profit from its military superiority in Europe in order to extend its influence over the Western part of the continent. As a consequence, the Soviet Union might acquire a veto over any European political development, for example as regards the European integration process or the resolution of the German question, issues on which France was eager to play a major role. Secondly, the European distrust towards the American military protection could lead to the establishment of a “eurostrategic” balance, or a balance between the Soviet and the American nuclear weapons in Europe. This would definitely have weakened the value of the American extended nuclear deterrence in Europe, but also in due course included third country nuclear forces into the military European balance as a part of the Western military effort. In this case, France would be deprived of a major element of her defense policy. As a consequence, France got involved in the Euromissiles crisis to preserve her strategic environment from any Soviet European ambition and to defend her policy of national independence from any attempt to diminish her military force at a time of increased East-West confrontation
Padonou, Oswald. "La coopération de défense et de sécurité française en Afrique de l'Ouest : une géopolitique du postcolonial francophone." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G009.
Full textStructural and operational defense and security cooperation between France and Francophone states of ECOWAS is characterized by different configurations depending on the perspectives of each stakeholder. They are also characterized by strategic interdependence between France and its partners. Since 2007, besides the renewal of agreements setting up a defence partnership between France and its partners, this cooperation is taking place in a context marked by the regionalization of stakes and security responses in the West African region and the increasing interest of non-traditional actors providing increasing flows of assistance and cooperation. These new parameters breaking the traditional behind “closed-doors” of bilateral post-independance agreements, practices and interpretations that were traditionally mobilized to analyse Africa-France relations. By using a postcolonial perspective, this study aims at deconstructing conventional binary oppositions and generalizations by bringing in new tools of comparison of cooperation, in time and space and by highlighting the nuances. It also aims at suggesting a typology of the benefits that different categories of actors gain from this cooperation. Building on Robert Axelrod’s theory of cooperative attitude, and its ”win-win” component, this study demonstrates that the lasting of cooperation resides in the interests each party finds in cooperating beyond abstaining. Due to this capacity to rise above the "fact" and "colonial legacy", the postcolonialism could then be a model of analysis of contemporary international relations and “Francophonie”, a space marked of "strategic depth"
Bou, Phan Dary. "La défense européenne : de l'implosion de l'URSS à la crise ukrainienne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG021.
Full textSince the fall of the Berlin's Wall in 1989, the European Union asserts its leading role in the world through its tremendous economy. But its common foreign policy does not have the size of its economy. lts security is ensured by NATO and the contradictory objectives are embodied in the common foreign policy. The European construction will be complete only when it will have its integrated army under a single banner. The successive crises gather the European lawmakers who decide to create trans-European armed forces with a clear mandate and with the consent of NATO to avoid the dispersal of euro-Atlantic strategic resources in order to participate in the missions of UN in the world's security. The efforts to build up the EU's strength promote the large military and civil economic increases of industrial dual innovations. And the European coercive policy bases on these behalf
Deschaux-Beaume, Delphine. "De l'Eurocorps à une armée européenne ?Pour une sociologie historique de la politique européenne de sécurité et de défense (1991-2007)." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349871.
Full textSow, Djiby. "La légalité de l'intervention militaire française au Mali : contribution à l’étude du cadre juridique de la lutte armée contre le terrorisme international." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13993.
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