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Journal articles on the topic 'France Shipping'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Spaulding, Robert Mark. "Revolutionary France and the Transformation of the Rhine." Central European History 44, no. 2 (2011): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891100001x.

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As one of the world's busiest rivers the Rhine carries about 300 million tons of freight annually, upriver and down, between Switzerland and the Dutch ports on the North Sea. Heavy shipping traffic on the Rhine, including ocean vessels reaching Mannheim and barges reaching Basel, has been an integral part of the Rhine valley landscape for the past 150 years. But a bounty of commercial shipping on the Rhine has not always been part of the river's history. Despite the Rhineland's growing population and increasingly productive economy at the end of the early modern period, long-distance shipping

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Gouvernal, Elisabeth, Brian Slack, and Pierre Franc. "Short sea and deep sea shipping markets in France." Journal of Transport Geography 18, no. 1 (2010): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2009.05.004.

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Ahn, Young-Gyun, Jae-Young Hue, and Kyung-Hoon Kim. "An Empirical Analysis of National Logistics Competitiveness through the Implementation of the Tonnage Tax System." Korean Logistics Research Association 34, no. 2 (2024): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17825/klr.2024.34.2.89.

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The tonnage tax system classifies the business income of shipping and logistics companies that comply with certain requirements as shipping income and non-transport income, and in terms of shipping income, corporate tax is paid on the standard profit of ships calculated based on the net tonnage of ships and the number of operating days, regardless of actual income. Looking at the introduction of the tonnage tax system in countries around the world, Greece first introduced it in 1973, and since the tonnage tax system was implemented in the Netherlands in 1996, major shipping countries in more t

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Gouillieux, Benoit, Nicolas Lavesque, Jean-Charles Leclerc, Vincent Le Garrec, Frédérique Viard, and Guy Bachelet. "Three non-indigenous species ofAoroides(Crustacea: Amphipoda: Aoridae) from the French Atlantic coast." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 96, no. 8 (2015): 1651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315415002027.

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The amphipod genusAoroidesis reported for the first time in European marine waters. Specimens ofAoroides semicurvatusandAoroides curvipeswere collected in oyster reefs in Arcachon Bay between 2009 and 2014 and in Hossegor Lake in 2014 (SW France). Specimens ofAoroides longimeruswere collected in 2013 and 2014 in subtidal slipper limpet beds andZostera marinameadows in Arcachon Bay and in 2014 on floating pontoons in the Bay of Brest (W France). These species, native to Asia, may have been accidentally introduced in Arcachon Bay and Hossegor Lake with oyster transfers and in the Bay of Brest th

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Velazquez-Garcia, Alejandra, Joel F. de Brito, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Isabelle Chiapello, and Véronique Riffault. "Assessment of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosol origins and properties at the ATOLL site in northern France." Aerosol Research 2, no. 1 (2024): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-107-2024.

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Abstract. Understanding the lifecycle of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, from emission to deposition, is critical for assessing their climate impact. This study integrated multi-year aerosol observations from the ATOLL (ATmospheric Observations in liLLe, northern France) platform, with air mass back trajectories and emission inventory as a newly developed “INTERPLAY” (IN-siTu obsERvations, hysPLit, And emission inventorY) approach. Applied to black carbon (BC), the method apportioned source contributions (shipping, vehicular, residential heating, industrial) and studied aerosol aging ef

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Bowen, H. V. "The shipping losses of the British East India Company, 1750–1813." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 2 (2020): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420920963.

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This article establishes and examines the shipping losses of the British East India Company between the middle of the eighteenth century and 1813 when it lost its trade monopoly with India. This was the most important period in the history of the East India Company because it greatly expanded its trade with India and China and established what became a very large territorial empire on the subcontinent. It was also a time when Britain was often at war with France. This is the first publication to present full information on all of the East India Company’s shipping losses. They are set out in th

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Kingston, Christopher. "Marine Insurance in Philadelphia During the Quasi-War with France, 1795–1801." Journal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 162–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050711000064.

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Until the 1790s marine insurance in the United States was organized by brokers and underwritten by private individuals. Beginning in 1792, however, the private underwriters had to compete with newly formed marine insurance corporations. Each organizational form had advantages and disadvantages. This article uses archival data from a private underwriter and a corporation to study how the competition between these different organizational forms was affected by a powerful exogenous shock which substantially increased the risks to American merchant shipping in the late 1790s: the “Quasi-War” betwe

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Fawell, Charles Bégué. "Effervescent Seas." French Historical Studies 47, no. 3 (2024): 399–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-11156264.

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Abstract Just before the First World War, the largest French shipping line operating in the Indo-Pacific, the Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes, reported that 44 percent of its personnel were non-Europeans. Made up of French colonial subjects and foreign citizens, this workforce hailed from across the layover ports of the empire's Indo-Pacific steamship highways. Portrayed by French labor leaders as strikebreaking scabs, and by the large shipping companies as docile peons, these “indigenous” seafarers were largely erased from French imperial and labor history before the First World War. Mobi

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Karl, Matthias, Martin Otto Paul Ramacher, Sonia Oppo, et al. "Measurement and Modeling of Ship-Related Ultrafine Particles and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Mediterranean Port City." Toxics 11, no. 9 (2023): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090771.

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Maritime transport emerges as a major source of ultrafine particle (UFP) pollution in coastal regions with consequences for the health of people living in port cities. Inhalation of UFPs can cause inflammation and oxidative stress, which are starting points for further diseases. In addition to primary particles, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) may form through the photo-oxidation of volatile organic compounds emitted in ship exhaust. The characterization of size-segregated and chemical properties of particles is essential for assessing the health implications related to shipping. We applied a

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Shevchenko, Andrii. "INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENT OF COMMERCIAL SHIPPING ON THE LOWER DANUBE IN THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES." European Historical Studies, no. 21 (2022): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2022.21.9.

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The article analyzes the main international acts, treaties, conventions governing commercial shipping in the Lower Danube in the XIX – early XX centuries. Considerable attention is paid to the periodization and peculiarities of international diplomacy regarding commercial shipping on the Danube. The measures of European states for the introduction of a single legal regime and guarantees of safety of navigation on the Danube are considered. The attempts of the Russian Empire to establish political, economic and legal hegemony in the European international shipping trade are analyzed. The proces

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Marzagalli, Silvia. "Establishing Transatlantic Trade Networks in Time of War: Bordeaux and the United States, 1793–1815." Business History Review 79, no. 4 (2005): 811–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097115.

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U.S. shipping to Bordeaux, France, once minimal, increased dramatically after 1793, the year that marked the beginning of the French Wars. The conflicts compelled merchants to adopt new patterns of trade, as the policies of the belligerent parties increasingly determined the evolution of neutral shipping. Merchants on both sides of the Atlantic strove for closer connections across political boundaries and tried to bypass the difficulties created by warfare. This examination of U.S. commerce with Bordeaux explores the impact of war on transatlantic trade and analyzes the strategies adopted by m

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Dufresne, Marvin, Thérèse Salameh, Thierry Leonardis, Grégory Gille, Alexandre Armengaud, and Stéphane Sauvage. "Volatile organic compound sources and impacts in an urban Mediterranean area (Marseille, France)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 11 (2025): 5977–99. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5977-2025.

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Abstract. Long-term measurements of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations are crucial to improve our knowledge about their role in atmospheric chemistry, especially in regions with high photochemistry, such as the Mediterranean Basin. A field measurement campaign of 18 months has been conducted in Marseille from March 2019 to August 2020 with online measurements of C2 to C16 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) using two thermal desorber–gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (TD-GC-FID) instruments. The positive matrix factorization model has been applied to this dataset for each s

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Martínez-López, Alba, Pilar Caamaño Sobrino, Manuel Chica González, and Lourdes Trujillo. "Choice of propulsion plants for container vessels operating under Short Sea Shipping conditions in the European Union: An assessment focused on the environmental impact on the intermodal chains." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, no. 2 (2018): 653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218797179.

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The unbalanced evolution of the environmental normative in the European Union for the different transport modes has led to a broader debate about whether Short Sea Shipping is still a green transport mode. This discussion is especially pertinent because there is no technological alternative indisputably identified as the most adequate one to meet the emission requirements in the emission control area without penalizing the competitiveness of Short Sea Shipping. The objective of this article is to assess the performance of intermodal chains versus trucking in terms of costs, times, and external

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Marzagalli, Silvia. "The Atlantic World between Markets and State in Eighteenth-century France: the Sephardic Firm Gradis in Bordeaux." Journal of Early American History 14, no. 2-3 (2024): 147–72. https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-14020010.

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Abstract The Gradis family is representative of eighteenth-century Bordeaux (and French) Atlantic shipping and trade. David Gradis (ca. 1665–1751) fitted out his first ships to the West Indies shortly after the French king opened participation in colonial trade to Bordeaux merchants in 1717. David, who had specialised in the textile trade, was one of the most distinguished members of the local Sephardic community. Like most contemporary merchants involved in trade on a large scale, David Gradis belonged to an international ethno-religious network that could support his business and facilitate

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Emmer, Pieter. "The Organisation of Global Trade: the Monopoly Companies, 1600–1800." European Review 22, no. 1 (2014): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000677.

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In the early modern period (1500–1800), shipping and trade within Europe were the domain of individual merchants and small companies organised on a temporary basis. Outside Europe, however, new financial and commercial institutions such as permanent joint stock companies came into existence in order to limit the risks. These large institutions played an important role in inter-continental trade and shipping, albeit that their role in Asia differed from that in the Atlantic, where small companies as well as individual merchants remained the dominant form of organisation. In addition, privateers

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Zvirgzdiņš, Indulis. "The Life of Marine Engineer Officer Edgars Oto Pinka (1895–1941)." History of Engineering Sciences and Institutions of Higher Education 7 (October 25, 2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/hesihe.2023.004.

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Based on the documents, the study provides a wide and comprehensive evaluation of the life of an engineer and citizen from Vidzeme Edgars Otto Pinka (1895–1941). His life was related to ships, military service in Latvia, Russia, and France, and the Latvian Society of Paris. Researching E. O. Pinka’s studies and work, the author has studied the engineer’s life from birth to the end of his life, reflecting on his progress as one of the best specialists in the Latvian Navy in his capacity of an engineer mechanic, shipping engineer, officer, and pedagogue. The contribution of E. O. Pinka to raisin

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Dobbs, Stephen. "Thailand's Kra Isthmus and Elusive Canal Plans since the 1850s." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 1 (2015): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.27.

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AbstractThis article uses primarily British colonial documents and Singapore sources to examine the history of proposals for the construction of a shipping canal through Thailand's Kra Isthmus from the 1850s. It provides historical background for continuing interest in constructing a Kra canal with the most recent speculative discussions involving Chinese interests. Since the 1850s the idea of a canal was revived on numerous occasions with several detailed surveys conducted over this time to assess the feasibility of a shipping canal via the Kra Isthmus. This research examines how speculation

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Juliadi, Ertawan, Salim Salim, Rendra Haribowo, and M. Sati Lubis. "KARTIKA JALA KRIDA TARUNA AAL 2023 DENGAN KRI BIMA SUCI DALAM INTERNATIONAL TALL SHIP RACE." Jurnal Naval Dedication : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat AAL 2, no. 1 (2023): 20–32. https://doi.org/10.59447/dedication.v2i1.42.

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Kartika Jala Krida (KJK) in 2023 is one of the practical training courses for AAL Cadets Level III Corps, Seamanship, Engineering, Electronics, and Supply. The KJK was implemented based on AAL Governor's Decree Number: 83/VII/2023 dated 17 July 2023 concerning the AAL Cadet Education Implementation Program for the 2023/2024 Academic Year, and Instructions for implementing AAL Cadet Practical Training. KJK's shipping activities use the KRI Bima Suci with shipping routes from Indonesia – France – Netherlands – England – Norway – Scotland – Norway and Germany. Departing Sunday 11 June 2023 from A

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Levan Sulaberidze, Levan Sulaberidze. "About the Main Directions of Transport Strategies of the State and Private Companies." Economics 105, no. 11-12 (2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs105/11-12/2023-11.

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The article discusses the main positive and negative factors that determine the volume of the cargo base of the east-west transboundary transport corridors passing through the territory of Georgia. The emphasis is placed on the problems of the development of rail transport to the Caspian Sea and water transport along the route of the Caspian and then the Black Sea. The new evolutionary concept for attracting additional cargo on Eurasian routes is proposed. In addition, the author discusses the global maritime container services, which are represented by transnational corporations that carry ou

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Prasetyo, Eko, Anang Prasetia Adi, and Syaiful Anwar. "PENGARUH BESAR PENGETAHUAN METEOROLOGI MARITIM DALAM KEMENANGAN PERTEMPURAN NORMANDIA 1944." Majalah Ilmiah METHODA 12, no. 3 (2022): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methoda.vol12no3.pp269-281.

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The Battle and Landing of Normandy 1944 was four years in the making. General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the Allied Commander wanted the invasion of Normandy, D-Day to be carried out immediately, but the operation plan almost failed due to bad weather. The Battle of Normandy 1944 began with the German conquest of France and the Allies wanted to free France from German occupation. The writing methodology uses a descriptive method by analyzing the facts that occurred at the Battle of Normandy 1944 supported by literature studies, literature, and scientific journals. Meanwhile, Maritime Meteorologic

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Hay, Cameron H. "The dispersal of sporophytes ofUndaria pinnatifidaby coastal shipping in New Zealand, and implications for further dispersal ofUndariain France." British Phycological Journal 25, no. 4 (1990): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071619000650331.

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Becker, Bert. "France and the Gulf of Tonkin Region: Shipping Markets and Political Interventions in South China in the 1890s." Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture Review 4, no. 2 (2015): 560–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ach.2015.0035.

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Wegge, Njord. "Arctic Security Strategies and the North Atlantic States." Arctic Review on Law and Politics 11 (2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/arctic.v11.2401.

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New uncertainties in international relations have presented several states in the West with important choices regarding their national strategies for the Arctic. This article analyzes security challenges in the Arctic and North Atlantic region, as understood by some key North-Atlantic states, namely: the USA, Canada, Denmark, Norway, the UK, Germany and France. By analyzing how, or to what degree, the colder east-west security landscape since 2014 is reflected in these selected North Atlantic states’ Arctic security strategies, this article seeks to improve our understanding of how the securit

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RYLAND, JOHN S., HANS DE BLAUWE, RICHARD LORD, and JOSHUA A. MACKIE. "Recent discoveries of alien Watersipora (Bryozoa) in Western Europe, with redescriptions of species." Zootaxa 2093, no. 1 (2009): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2093.1.3.

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We report the introduction of the encrusting bryozoan Watersipora subtorquata to Atlantic coasts of Europe. This species is highly invasive, having become common on coastlines throughout cool-temperate areas of the world since the 1980s. Confusion exists over the identity of this and other Watersipora species, which lack characters that are conventionally used in bryozoan systematics. W. subtorquata has not been well distinguished from W. cucullata which, reports dating back to the mid 1800s suggest, is native to the Mediterranean Basin or represents an early shipping introduction. W. cucullat

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Delponte, Ilaria. "A short-sea-shipping system for Liguria coast: first analysis at local, regional and cross-border scale." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 92 (March 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.92.7.

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Maritime transport is a key-factor for economic and strategic development of Europe. Furthermore, similar activities have a very relevant impact on environment, climate, health and well-being of citizens. An updated version of the Combined Transport Directive is planned for the Third Quarter of the European Commission's activity, which supports transition from road freight transport to low-emission modes, such as inland waterways, maritime and rail transport. Within this complex framework, present paper outlines first considerations coming from two projects currently taking place in Northern I

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Al-Imam, Ahmed, and Ban A. AbdulMajeed. "The NPS Phenomenon and the Deep Web: Internet Snapshots of the Darknet and Potentials of Data Mining." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 11 (2017): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p86.

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BACKGROUND: The illegal electronic trade of NPS substances on the deep web and the darknet have never been thoroughly mapped. This study will propose and illustrate a blueprint for mapping of the darknet e-marketplace, including activities originating from the Middle East.MATERIALS & METHODS: Multiple Internet snapshots were taken for the darkest e-marketplace, e-markets, Grams search engine, and e-vendors. In relation to the most popular and high-risk NPS substances, the most dominant e-market will be identified. Special correlation will be carried out with the; population count of shippi

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Olmos-Lau, Vania R., and María C. Mandujano. "An open door for illegal trade: online sale of Strombocactus disciformis (Cactaceae)." Nature Conservation 15 (September 22, 2016): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.15.8259.

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Online trade of CITES listed species has become a persistent threat which is difficult to measure and control. The use of online markets is growing day by the day as technology becomes more available and familiar to people of all ages and interests. Species trade can now be propagated remotely hardly without any real human interaction. We develop a quick-easy method to assess the online availability of the genus Strombocactus, a highly collectible cactus, to understand the real magnitude of this new form of threat and the possible menace it could be for these Mexican cacti. We used the Google.

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GUERRA-GARCÍA, JOSÉ MANUEL, TRIANA REVANALES, PABLO SAENZ-ARIAS, et al. "Quick spreading of the exotic amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934): another small stowaway overlooked?" Mediterranean Marine Science 24, no. 3 (2023): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.35817.

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Studies of non-indigenous species (NIS) often tend to focus on medium and large-sized taxa with potential for remarkable ecological and/or economic impact, whereas the early detection of small invertebrates is often delayed due to taxonomic challenge, lack of consistent, standardised monitoring efforts and limited funding. This study represents the first records of the marine amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934) in Morocco, Tunisia, Corsica (France), Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and New Caledonia (France). Furthermore, it reports an expansion of its known distribution in Portu

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Fialaire-Legendre, Anne, Btissam Chami, Thierry Peyrard, Pierre-Yves Le Pennec, Philippe Bierling, and France Noizat-Pirenne. "The Organization of the National Blood Bank for Rare Blood Units in France." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3039.3039.

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Abstract A rare erythrocyte phenotype is characterized by the absence of expression of a high-frequency antigen on red blood cells or the absence of several antigens within the same blood group. In France, a blood group is considered rare when the frequency in the general population is less than 1/4000. Allo-immunization against lacking antigens through transfusion or pregnancy requires providing adapted transfusion-support in order to secure further transfusions. A national file of individuals including both patients and donors has been implemented for more than 20 years, along with a nationa

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Sabaydash, Marina Vladislavovna. "Retrospective analysis of the USSR sea trade ports operation in conditions of new economic policy (1921-1928)." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2020, no. 1 (2020): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2020-1-78-90.

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The article highlights the specific features of implementing the new economic policy in the seaports of the USSR. The general laws of economic development of the commercial sea ports during the NEP period have been formulated. Statistical data on port capacity from the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the USA, and France were used for the first time, and an assessment of the economic development of domestic sea ports was made in comparison with the above countries. It was stated that the drop in cargo turnover of the Soviet ports in relation to 1913 was the most significant, and the post-w

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Koren, Elisabeth S. "The coal trade surplus and merchant seafarers in British-Norwegian relations during the First World War." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 3 (2021): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08438714211037675.

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During the First World War, more than 800 Norwegian ships were sunk by hostile action, with a loss of about 2,100 seafarers. The Norwegian merchant fleet was extremely important for Norway's economy and for securing the import of vital goods. In addition, Britain and her allies needed goods carried in Norwegian merchant ships, such as coal shipped across the Channel to France. This article examines the relationship between Britain and Norway during the war, concentrating on the roles of two important resources, coal and maritime labour. The first part of the article outlines the wartime Anglo-

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García Cabrera, Marta. "El control de la opinión pública canaria durante la Gran Guerra (1914-1918): propaganda y diplomacia extranjera." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 22, no. 1 (2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.1.10.

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La posición estratégica de Canarias convirtió al archipiélago en un enclave destacado de la Primera Guerra Mundial. La guerra trastocó el panorama comunicativo insular y movilizó un amplio debate sociocultural en el que también participaron los organismos diplomáticos y propagandísticos internacionales, las compañías navieras y las colonias extranjeras. Este artículo analiza los esfuerzos desplegados por las potencias extranjeras para dirigir a la opinión pública canaria entre 1914 y 1918, describiendo las maquinarias propagandísticas de Francia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña, así como los instrumen

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Aragón, Enrique, Ignacio Montero-Ruiz, Mark E. Polzer, and Wendy van Duivenvoorde. "Shipping metal: Characterisation and provenance study of the copper ingots from the Rochelongue underwater site (Seventh–Sixth century BC), West Languedoc, France." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 41 (February 2022): 103286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103286.

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Zvirgzdiņš, Indulis. "Kuģniecības inženiera, virsnieka Edgara Oto Pinkas (1895–1941) dzīves līkloči." Inženierzinātņu un augstskolu vēsture 7 (November 2, 2023): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/iav.2023.004.

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Pētījumā rodams plašs un vispusīgs dokumentos balstīts vidzemnieka inženiera Edgara Oto Pinkas (1895–1941) mūža izvērtējums. Tas saistīts ar kuģiem, dienestu Latvijā, Krievijā un Francijā, Parīzes Latviešu biedrību. Veicot pētījumu par E. O. Pinkas mācību un darba gaitām, autors inženiera dzīvi apzinājis no dzimšanas līdz mūža beigām, atspoguļojot viņa kā viena no labākajiem speciālistiem Latvijas jūras spēkos inženiera mehāniķa, kuģniecības inženiera, virsnieka un pedagoga gaitas. Nozīmīgs ir arī E. O. Pinkas ieguldījums Latvijas un latviešu mūzikas popularizēšanā Francijā 20. gadsimta 30. ga

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Izzati, Nabiyla Risfa, and Mas Muhammad Gibran Sesunan. "‘Misclassified Partnership’ and the Impact of Legal Loophole on Workers." BESTUUR 10, no. 1 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v10i1.62066.

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In Indonesia, the partnership model was previously popularized by gig companies. However, now it is spreading into various businesses, such as e-commerce, shipping, and start-up industries. Over the years, the extensive use of the partnership model is becoming problematic as it transforms into a "misclassified partnership," where a job that should be considered an employment relationship is instead misclassified into a partnership. This study uses doctrinal legal research completed with a statutory approach to finding an apparent legal loophole regarding the partnership model within Indonesia'

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Veiga, Marlene Calderón, and Jon Wonham. "Applying the “Polluters Pays Principle” to Fund Oil Spill Preparedness in the North East Atlantic1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 1 (2001): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-357.

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ABSTRACT Under Article 6 of the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-Operation (OPRC 1990), states individually or in cooperation with industry or others states shall maintain prepositioned oil spill combating equipment. Furthermore, the preamble of the OPRC 1990 and the HNS-OPRC Protocol 2000 reinforce that the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) should be taken into account as a general principle of international environmental law. With a few exceptions, most of the countries have transferred the costs of preparedness measures to the general taxpayer and have mad

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Albo-López, Ana B., Camilo Carrillo, and Eloy Díaz-Dorado. "Contribution of Onshore Power Supply (OPS) and Batteries in Reducing Emissions from Ro-Ro Ships in Ports." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 10 (2024): 1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101833.

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Increasingly restrictive environmental regulations for the maritime sector have led shipping companies to look for technological alternatives to reduce emissions. This article introduces a methodology to analyse emission reductions of ships in port by incorporating batteries into the ships or using an onshore power supply system. These have not yet been considered together for comparison or with a focus on ship operation. The aim is to avoid the use of auxiliary engines in ports. First, the cost calculation method to be used is specified; then, the engine’s behaviour and the established basic

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Sauvard, Daniel, Manuela Branco, Manuela Branco, et al. "Weevils and Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea). Chapter 8.2." BioRisk 4 (July 6, 2010): 219–66. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.4.64.

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We record 201 alien curculionoids established in Europe, of which 72 originates from outside Europe. Aliens to Europe belong to five families, but four-fifth of them are from family Curculionidae. Many families and subfamilies, among which species-rich ones, have few representatives among alien curculionoids, whereas some others are over-represented; these latter, Dryophthoridae, Cossoninae and specially Scolytinae, all contains many xylophagous species. The number of new records of alien species increases continuously, with an acceleration during the last decades. Aliens to Europe originate f

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Viktor, Osipov, Zilina Liliya, and Astafurova Irina. "Foreign practicesof state support of shipbuilding industry." Bulletin of the Far Eastern Federal University. Economics and Management, no. 1 (77) (April 3, 2016): 77–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.54930.

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The article is devoted to the government role to support the shipbuilding industry development. The measures of administrative and economic regulations have been considered. The main tendencies of the regulations in some Asian countries have been identified according to their economic development objectives. All maritime countries have systems for the national shipbuilding and shipping state regulation. The governments provide tax and customs privileges to national carriers, particularly in the national ship construction. Great Britain and France governments provide benefits for shipbuilders.

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Ledoux, Frédéric, Cloé Roche, Gilles Delmaire, et al. "Measurement report: A 1-year study to estimate maritime contributions to PM₁₀ in a coastal area in northern France." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 15 (2023): 8607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8607-2023.

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Abstract. This work focuses on filling the knowledge gap associated with the contribution of natural and anthropogenic marine emissions to PM10 concentrations in northern France. For this purpose, a 1-year measurement and sampling campaign for PM10 has been conducted at a French coastal site situated at the Strait of Dover. The characterization of PM10 samples was performed considering major and trace elements, water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and organic markers of biomass burning and primary biogenic emissions. Furthermore, the source apportionment of PM10 was

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Brummett, Palmira. "The Overrated adversary: Rhodes and Ottoman naval power." Historical Journal 36, no. 3 (1993): 517–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014291.

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ABSTRACTThis essay examines the relative power of the Rhodian and Ottoman fleets in the first decades of the sixteenth century, taking as its context the commercial and diplomatic relations of the eastern Levantine states. After the Aegean wars of 1499–1503 Rhodes failed to mobilize a Christian alliance against the Ottomans. Nor did the rise of Ismail Safavi in Iran provide the hoped for relief from Ottoman expansion. While the Ottoman state was preoccupied with the succession struggle for Bayezid's throne and with plans to extend its hegemony to the Indian Ocean, Rhodes was fighting for survi

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Nizou, Jean, Bernard Dennielou, Sidonie Révillon, et al. "Records of Holocene climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic lead input in elemental distribution and radiogenic isotopes (Nd and Pb) in sediments of the Gulf of Lions (Southern France)." Holocene 29, no. 8 (2019): 1292–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619846973.

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Marine mud belts represent potential continuous high-resolution climatic, environmental and anthropogenic archives. In this study, a geochemical record of the Gulf of Lions mud belt, which receives sediments from the Rhône watershed and to a lesser extent from the Languedoc region, is reported from Core KSGC-31. The effects of natural climatic changes and possible anthropogenic disturbances on Holocene sedimentation were ascertained by analysing sedimentation rates, chemical weathering (Al2O3/K2O) and sediment-source shifts (neodymium isotopic ratios; εNd). Measurements of elemental and isotop

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Guevara, Marc, Oriol Jorba, Albert Soret, et al. "Time-resolved emission reductions for atmospheric chemistry modelling in Europe during the COVID-19 lockdowns." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 2 (2021): 773–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-773-2021.

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Abstract. We quantify the reductions in primary emissions due to the COVID-19 lockdowns in Europe. Our estimates are provided in the form of a dataset of reduction factors varying per country and day that will allow the modelling and identification of the associated impacts upon air quality. The country- and daily-resolved reduction factors are provided for each of the following source categories: energy industry (power plants), manufacturing industry, road traffic and aviation (landing and take-off cycle). We computed the reduction factors based on open-access and near-real-time measured acti

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Konovalov, I. B., M. Beekmann, J. P. Burrows, and A. Richter. "Satellite measurement based estimates of decadal changes in European nitrogen oxides emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (2008): 2013–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2013-2008.

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Abstract. Long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere are used in combination with a continental scale air quality model in order to verify and improve available estimates of multi-annual changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1996 and 2005. As a result, a measurement-based data set of NOx emissions on a 1° by 1° grid and averaged over summer months is elaborated. The results are compared with emission data based on the EMEP emission inventory. Our data are in agreement with the EMEP estimates suggesting a general

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Gladyshev, Andrey. "Plague in Egypt of 1834—1835." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015412-2.

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Egypt was ordinary considered by Europeans as a source of epidemic threat, as a “cradle of plague”. The plague of 1834—1835 was the deadliest epidemic of the nineteenth century for the Egyptians. Many Western European doctors took part in the fight against this epidemic, and its resonance was such that England, France, Russia organized special investigations in its wake. Official reports, diaries and memoirs of Europeans who were in Egypt during the epidemic make it possible to reconstruct the path and pace of its spread. Studies on the history of the epidemic in Egypt of 1834—1835 and of its

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Kim, Young-Ju. "A Study on the Shipper’s Duty to Inform of Dangerous Cargo under Carriage of Goods by Sea." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, no. 3 (2022): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.3.151.

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To ship dangerous goods, the shipper is required to prepare a form certifying that the cargo has been packed, labeled and declared according with the IMDGC or SOLAS. But the carriage of dangerous goods raises two main problems: the responsibility of the carrier for loss of the dangerous cargo itself; and the responsibility of the shipper to the ship and the carrier for damage caused by the dangerous goods. In order to determine the foregoing responsibilities one must ascertain in each case whether the carrier and the shipper knew or should have known of the dangerous nature of the cargo.

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Konovalov, I. B., M. Beekmann, J. P. Burrows, and A. Richter. "Satellite measurement based estimates of decadal changes in European nitrogen oxides emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 10 (2008): 2623–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2623-2008.

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Abstract. Long-term satellite measurements of nitrogen dioxide in the troposphere are used in combination with a continental scale air quality model in order to verify and improve available estimates of multi-annual changes of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in Europe and the Mediterranean area between 1996 and 2005. As a result, a measurement-based data set of NOx emissions on a 1° by 1° grid and averaged over summer months is elaborated. The results are compared with emission data based on the EMEP emission inventory. Our data are in agreement with the EMEP estimates suggesting a general

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Nichols, J. A., and T. H. Moller. "International Cooperation in Oil Spill Response." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1991, no. 1 (1991): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1991-1-61.

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ABSTRACT Effective response to a major marine oil spill occasionally calls for specialized equipment, personnel, and expertise that is beyond the capability of the country or company concerned. In recognition of this fact, a new International Convention on International Cooperation in Oil Pollution Preparedness and Response has been developed under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization. There is already considerable potential for international cooperation through existing regional conventions and agreements, and other less formal arrangements. This cooperation involves govern

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Rumin, Rafał, Kamil Kozioł, and Joanna Polak. "Impact of Creating Evacuate Tube Transportation Technology for Connecting European Union and China." Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 4, no. 1 (2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2018-0001.

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Abstract The article presents an economic potential of the trade exchange between China and European Union using the new type of transport – basing on vacuum trains. This technology bases on transporting goods in a capsule. The capsule is moving inside an airtight tube, where the air pressure is decreased to about 100Pa. Owing to the low pressure, an air friction value is very low too, what is enabling to move the capsule inside the tube without meaningful energy loss from the air friction. The transport will provide a very fast and economical shipping of goods between China and Europe. It is

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Dash, Abhisek, Abhijnan Chakraborty, Saptarshi Ghosh, Animesh Mukherjee, and Krishna P. Gummadi. "Investigating Nudges toward Related Sellers on E-commerce Marketplaces: A Case Study on Amazon." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 8, CSCW2 (2024): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3686994.

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E-commerce marketplaces provide business opportunities to millions of sellers worldwide. Some of these sellers have special relationships with the marketplace by virtue of using their subsidiary services (e.g., fulfillment and/or shipping services provided by the marketplace) -- we refer to such sellers collectively as Related Sellers. When multiple sellers offer to sell the same product, the marketplace helps a customer in selecting an offer (by a seller) through (a) a default offer selection algorithm, (b) showing features about each of the offers and the corresponding sellers (price, seller

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