Academic literature on the topic 'Franchise'
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Journal articles on the topic "Franchise"
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Fernández-Monroy, Margarita, Josefa D. Martín-Santana, and Inmaculada Galván-Sánchez. "Building successful franchise partnerships: the importance of communication and trust." Management Decision 56, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 1051–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2016-0528.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual model for building successful franchise partnerships. The model examines the influence of communication and trust on satisfaction and performance in franchise partnerships, considering that franchises are based on franchisor-franchisee and franchisor-supplier relationships. Design/methodology/approach The unit of analysis refers to the relationships that the franchisor maintains with the franchisees and the main supplier, from the franchisor’s perspective. A mail survey of 592 franchises was conducted by means of a structured, self-administered questionnaire for data collection. A total of 98 valid questionnaires were received and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings Results indicate that communication between franchise partners is related to satisfaction through trust. In fact, communication is a major precursor of trust. Findings also show the direct influence of trust on satisfaction in both relationships. Finally, results evidence that developing satisfactory relationships between partners improves strategic and operational franchise outcomes. Research limitations/implications The use of the questionnaire limits the approach to information gathering. In addition, the study focused on the franchisor’s perspective of the relationships and it would be interesting to include other partners’ opinions. Further, research should broaden the study scope to include other factors of franchise partnerships. Practical implications This study provides franchisors with guidelines to develop satisfactory relationships. It recommends that franchisors design adequate programs to create, maintain, and enhance franchise partnerships, and also to improve a trust-based culture. Originality/value The analysis is conducted taking into consideration the franchisor-franchisee relationship and the franchisor-supplier relationship. Measurement scales are developed and validated for both relationships.
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Sanny, Lim. "Investigating the Franchisee’s Performance: Study of International Education Frachising in Indonesia." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5976.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors required by the franchisees in improving their performance. The study also reveals the influence of quality management for franchisee satisfaction and performance. In addition, this study also examines the effect of Entrepreneur Orientation as a moderator variable between satisfactions with performance. This research was conducted at the International Franchise Education in Indonesia. The online survey conducted on 200 franchises and 72 data obtained can be processed. Analysis of the data using Warp PLS 3.0, shows that relational quality greatly affects quality management between the franchisor and franchisee compared to transactional quality. This study also revealed that the success of the franchise business, a franchisee needs to feel satisfied with the quality management of the franchisor; the franchisee can thus have a good performance. This study also showed that a franchisee which has the orientation Employers will be able to produce a good performance, if the franchisee has a good relationship with the franchisor. Nevertheless entrepreneurial orientation factor does not directly affect the franchisee performance.
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Prasetyo, Stephanie Patricia, and Urbaniasi Urbaniasi. "Aspects of Legal Protection for Franchisees Associated with the Franchise Agreement." QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v2i2.880.
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Franchising as a business concept regarding the granting of the use of intellectual property rights by the franchisor to the franchisee is a legal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee which is regulated in a franchise agreement. The purpose of this article is to analyze aspects of legal protection for franchisees related to franchise agreements and to analyze legal sanctions against franchisors who break the agreement unilaterally. The research method is in the form of normative law whose implementation is focused on secondary data collection (Library Materials) covering primary legal materials such as laws and regulations, primary legal materials such as articles, books and so on. This research is descriptive in nature. By using a qualitative approach/paradigm. The data is processed and analyzed qualitatively using deductive logic. The franchisor is the licenser to the franchisee to market goods and services on behalf of the franchisor in a certain area and period of time. The franchisor assists the franchisee in its distribution, in return the franchisee pays an initial fee and royalties. The franchisor can determine the contents of the agreement and terminate the agreement unilaterally with the franchisee for the agreement that has been agreed upon, but termination of this franchise agreement can result in default, because it causes losses to the franchisee and it is the franchisor's obligation to pay compensation. Legal protection for the parties in the implementation of the franchise agreement is an important aspect. The form of legal protection for franchisees in franchise agreements is contained in Government Regulation Number 42 of 2007 concerning Franchising in the provisions of Article 5 letter (k) which stipulates that the franchise agreement establishes procedures for extending, terminating and terminating the agreement. Thus the franchisor cannot terminate the agreement unilaterally at any time, the franchisor must comply with the PP on Franchising and in accordance with the Civil Code.
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Saputro, Wahyu Hidayat, Taqiyuddin Kadir, and Yudha Cahya Kumala. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENERIMA WARALABA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PRODUK SECARA SEPIHAK." SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah 3, no. 2 (February 6, 2024): 978–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v3i2.2317.
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The development of the business world penetrates the boundaries of space, time and territory of a country. One of the breakthroughs made by business people is business development through a franchise system, which in Indonesia is termed a franchise. Republic of Indonesia government regulation no. 42 of 2007 concerning franchising provides a definition of a franchise as a special right owned by an individual or business entity to a business system with business characteristics in order to market goods and/or services that have been proven successful and can be utilized or used by other parties based on a franchise agreement. In Indonesia, the legal regulations regarding franchising are not yet complete, considering that regulation through law has not been touched by the government. This is necessary to prevent franchise business actors from unwanted losses due to the incomplete legal instruments that protect them. This research raises the issue of what are the legal consequences of franchise agreements in the event of unilateral changes to franchise products by the franchisor and what is the legal protection for franchisees? for unilateral changes to franchise products by the franchisor. By using two legal theories as analysis tools, namely the legal protection theory from Satjipto Rahardjo and the legal consequences theory from Soeroso. The method used in this research is a normative juridical research method, namely legal research carried out by examining library materials or secondary data only. The research approaches used are a statutory approach, a case approach, a conceptual approach, an analytical approach and techniques for collecting legal materials by identifying and inventorying positive legal materials, literature. books, journals and other source materials, the technique for analyzing legal materials is carried out using legal interpretation (interpretation), systematic interpretation and methods of analogous legal construction, legal refinement construction (rechtsverfijning) and a contrary argument. The legal consequences of a franchise agreement in the event of a unilateral change to the franchise product by the franchisor, is the disappearance of the legal situation and relationship between the franchiser and the franchisee due to the franchiser's default which has implications for the franchisee experiencing losses due to not providing products, tools and materials for the franchise object. as is the classification that has been agreed. Legal protection for franchisees for unilateral changes to franchise products by the franchisor will be better protected if the Franchise Agreement regulates specific protection of the suitability of the franchise object, and the franchise agreement is not made standardly by the franchisor but is formulated together with the franchisee. . Because standard agreements are more susceptible to taking sides for the unilateral benefit of the agreement maker.
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Punjatewakupt, Piyawong, and Rapeepat Manasoontorn. "DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESS FOR SELF-SERVICE LAUNDRY FRANCHISES IN SAMUT SAKHON: A STUDY OF CRITICAL FACTORS, FRANCHISOR-FRANCHISEE RELATIONSHIPS, AND RESOURCE SCARCITY THEORY." EUrASEANs: journal on global socio-economic dynamics, no. 5(42) (September 30, 2023): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35678/2539-5645.5(42).2023.265-276.
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The self-service laundry industry has witnessed significant growth and popularity, with self-service laundry franchises emerging as a lucrative investment option. This research investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) and resource scarcity theory that influence the success of self-service laundry franchises in Samut Sakhon, Thailand. The study employs a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with 25 franchisees operating in the region.
The findings reveal key CSFs that significantly impact franchise success, including strategic location selection, equipment quality and maintenance, competitive pricing, effective marketing strategies, outstanding customer service, and hygiene standards. The franchisor-franchisee relationship, characterized by mutual support, open communication, and shared values, is also found to play a crucial role in franchise performance. Moreover, resource scarcity theory influences franchisee decision-making, providing access to established brands, operational expertise, and technology. Franchisors' resources, such as training, brand recognition, and marketing support, synergistically combine with franchisee resources to enhance overall performance.
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Kim, Seung Beom, and Kanghwa Choi. "Bridging the Operational Efficiency Differences between Franchisors and Franchisees: A Metafrontier Approach." Processes 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102021.
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A franchise business is a contractual relationship in which the franchisor and franchisee should cooperate to promote sustainable growth of their franchise entities. However, it is still unclear whether the relationship between franchisees and franchisors is a principal–agent or a business partner sharing a business goal. Thus, this study is a first attempt to investigate the relationship between franchisees and franchises using metafrontier and bootstrap DEA from the perspective of efficiency. We measured the efficiency of coffee franchises in Korea, which have grown rapidly in recent years despite the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the bootstrap DEA results, there was a statistically significant difference in efficiency between franchisors and franchisees under the variable return-to-scale assumption. While the main cause of inefficiency in premium coffee chains is attributed to scale inefficiency, most franchisees have pure technological inefficiency. Thus, coffee franchisees can improve the operational efficiency by adjusting their business scale and reallocating service resources. This study demonstrates tailored operational plans to improve the operational efficiency of premium and mainstream coffee franchises and offers strategic initiatives to decrease the difference in efficiency between franchisors and franchisees.
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Noor, Tajuddin. "THE COMPARATIVE LAW OF FRANCHISE AGREEMENTS IN REALIZING PROTECTION BETWEEN PARTIES." Jurnal Pembaharuan Hukum 10, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/jph.v10i2.33355.
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Franchising as a business concept regarding the granting of the use of intellectual property rights and operational activity systems by franchisors to franchisees is a legal relationship between franchisors and franchisees regulated in a franchise agreement. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Regulations regarding franchising in Indonesia and Regulations regarding franchising in other countries to compare arrangements between Indonesia and other countries. This legal research uses normative juridical research methods. The approach used is a comparative approach that involves researcher activities that begin with identifying the effect of one variable on another. franchise is a relationship based on a contract between the franchisor and the franchisee. Franchisees operate using trade names, formats, or procedures owned and controlled by the franchisor. Legal regulations in other countries often provide global trademark protection, allowing trademark owners to protect their trademarks in several countries. In Indonesian legislation, the legal protection of franchises is limited to the territory of the Republic of Indonesia.
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DERMONDE, MATHEUS, and BRUNO BRANDÃO FISCHER. "BRAZILIAN FRANCHISE STARTUPS AND THE COVID-19 CRISIS: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ADAPTION CAPABILITIES." Revista Alcance 28, no. 3(Set/Dez) (August 31, 2021): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/alcance.v28n3(set/dez).p392-407.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to understand how franchise startups have been facing the crisis caused by COVID-19, with greater emphasis on the effects of the franchising decision on the survival of this type of business during the crisis period.
Design/methodology/approach – This is a qualitative research, conducted through multiple-case studies on four Brazilian startups that operate through franchised units. Data were collected through online interviews with founders and managers of the franchisee, complemented with information obtained from the companies' websites/social media and articles published in business magazines. The technique of content analysis was used.
Findings – We found that franchise startups can operate through conventional franchises or micro-franchises. In both cases, we found no reduction in the agility or flexibility of these businesses. Thus, within a crisis context, resilience allows the franchisor to gain greater advantages from its franchisees, if it opts for the conventional franchise model.
Originality – This research addresses the intersection between two business models: startups and franchises. It contributes to the understanding of both areas, as well as the effects of a business model in a crisis context.
Limitations/implications – This is a study conducted with a small number of cases within a similar context. The main implications of this research are the formulation of a set of propositions about the startup franchising process and the effects of a crisis for companies that adopt this operating model, and a descriptive diagram of this process.
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Coiquaud, Urwana, and Isabelle Martin. "Entre salariat et indépendance : analyse juridique et économique de la relation franchisé-franchiseur." Articles 72, no. 3 (September 27, 2017): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041094ar.
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Le contrat de franchise consiste à transmettre au franchisé le savoir-faire du franchiseur, moyennant des contreparties financières. Cependant, la transmission de ce savoir-faire va au-delà de la simple mise à disposition d’une « recette ». Elle se prolonge par une assistance de tous les instants délivrée par le franchiseur au franchisé. À certains égards, cette relation contractuelle ne ressemble-t-elle pas à celle d’un employeur avec le salarié ? Cet article étudie la relation émanant de ce contrat à l’aide des facteurs juridiques (le caractère subordonnant de la relation contractuelle) et économiques (la puissance économique du franchiseur) qui la structurent. L’étude s’appuie tant sur une analyse sociojuridique de la jurisprudence québécoise (1994-2016) au moyen d’une appréhension du contenu relationnel de ce contrat, que sur la littérature économique dans le but de comprendre les éléments de subordination et de puissance économique qui empreignent cette relation. Le constat révèle que la relation de franchise comporte de fortes composantes de subordination et d’inégalité de puissance économique pour le franchisé, engendrant un assujettissement aussi réel que celui mis en place par le salariat, même s’il n’est pas institué formellement par le contrat de franchisage. Plusieurs pistes d’action sont proposées. Si la requalification de certains contrats de franchise en contrat de travail semble une avenue préconisée par plusieurs pays, nos tribunaux y sont peu enclins. La deuxième piste d’action résiderait dans l’adoption d’une loi encadrant l’établissement et le contenu des contrats de franchise afin de réduire l’asymétrie informationnelle existante entre franchiseur et franchisé, ainsi que de mieux encadrer les qualités du « concept » sur lequel s’appuient les franchiseurs pour séduire les franchisés. Une troisième piste serait de reconnaître l’inégalité de puissance économique, point de départ de la reconnaissance « d’un droit de la dépendance dans l’indépendance » capable d’appréhender ces multiples situations d’entrepreneuriat dépendant dont la franchise n’est qu’un exemple.
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Willemse, Leonard C. "Die inkomstebelastinghantering van aanvangsfranchisefooie betaalbaar in die Suid-Afrikaanse petroleumbedryf." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 407–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v4i2.328.
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A wholesaler of petroleum products is prohibited in terms of section 12(2)(c) of Regulation 287 of the Petroleum Products Act, No. 120 of 1977, to own a retail licence for purposes other than that of training. As a result, petroleum companies make use of franchises to sell their products. The concept of a franchise is based on the principle that a franchisee obtains the franchise of an existing, often prosperous, business from a franchisor, and then operates the business under the banner of this franchise. The franchisee pays the franchisor franchise fees as consideration for certain items or privileges obtained. This article investigates the deductibility of franchise fees in terms of the current South African Income Tax Act, No. 58 of 1962 and includes an evaluation of Australian Income Tax Act sections that might offer deduction possibilities for franchise fees if applied within a South African context.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Franchise"
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Bennett, Stephen John Peter Valentine. "How can franchisors overcome the perceived shortage of suitable franchisees?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367655.
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The social and economic contribution of franchising to many Western economies is widely reported (Alon, 2004). Franchising is a business model in which a franchisee is granted the right to engage in offering, selling, or distributing goods or services under a marketing system that has been designed by the franchisor (Justis and Judd, 2004). The franchisor permits the franchisee to use the franchisor’s trade name and advertising (Mendelsohn, 2004). The Australian franchising sector has achieved consistent growth since the 1980s, with franchising activity currently contributing approximately (12 percent) of the country’s gross domestic product (Frazer et al., 2008).
However, research has revealed that franchising systems may be unable to expand at the rate they desire owing to difficulties in obtaining franchisee finance and a shortage of suitable franchisee applicants (Price Waterhouse Coopers, 2009; Frazer et al., 2008). There are currently 56,200 business format franchised units operating in Australia (Frazer et al., 2008), accounting for approximately (5 percent) of all small business in Australia (ABS, 2009). Though this appears to suggest that franchising has the potential to expand, prior research has shown that the lack of available suitable franchisee candidates may constrain system growth and sector expansion (Frazer et al., 2008). Previous research shows that this is not a recent phenomenon (Knight, 1986; McGuire, 1971) and may be reliant upon how franchisors classify attributes that are desirable in potential incumbent franchisees (Frazer and McCosker, 1999; Hedricks and Kiefer, 2005; Michael, 2003). However, there appears to be a gap in our current understanding of how these impediments to franchise growth may be overcome. In addition to acquiring valuable insights into current recruitment practice, the primary purpose of this research is to sustain informed decision-making in the future through a study of the fundamental and under-researched question of how franchisors may overcome the shortage of suitable franchisees.
On this basis, a thorough enquiry into possible solutions to the problem associated with a shortage of suitable franchisees is warranted. Hence, the following research questions are posed.
Research question 1:
“What are desirable franchisee attributes?”
Research question 2:
“How can franchisors overcome the perceived shortage of suitable franchisees”?
This research focuses on theory development by integrating known concepts with new research and emerging marketing techniques that may be applied to this problem.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Marketing
Griffith Business School
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van, Wyk GJ, and Jager JW de. "Franchisees' level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship." Acta Commercii, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001450.
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Problem investigated and objectives: Franchisees often complain that franchisors do not meet their needs, and are generally viewed as being unhappy with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors. The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of satisfaction of franchisees with the franchise relationship, including the following elements: franchisee independence, support with the selection of a distribution point, allocation of geographical trading areas, support with the design and layout of distribution points, comprehensive training programmes, the provision of continuous market and product information and operational support, and advertising and financial support, including systems for bookkeeping.
Approach: The data represents two groups of the same franchise, namely franchisees operating for two years and less as franchisees and franchisees who have been operating for longer than two years as franchisees. The extent to which these two groups view the relationship elements differently will be examined.
Findings: The findings indicate that both groups had a high level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors, with the exception of identified opportunities, which could be further developed in order to increase the franchisees’ level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisees and franchisors.
Conclusion: In view of the results of this research, it was concluded that the franchisees of the selected franchisor in the franchise industry displayed a high level of satisfaction with the franchise relationship between franchisors and franchisees.
Keywords: Franchisees’ satisfaction, franchisee and franchisor, franchise relationships, marketing orientation, Franchise Association of Southern Africa (FASA), franchise agreement, franchise legislation.
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Hošek, Miroslav. "Metodika zavevedeni franšízy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223958.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the methodology introduction of master franchise. In a particular market Czech Republic and market with car services specifies the steps in the implementation of new licenses on the market. It also contains specific business plan drawn up directly to the network service stations operating under one brand.
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Asgharian, Bourkheili Ehsan. "Performance in Franchise Systems : The Franchisee Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-122563.
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During the last decades, franchising as an organizational form has received a lot of attention from researchers and practitioners alike. While many studies have examined various aspects of franchising from the franchisor's perspective, little research has taken the franchisee’s perspective. Therefore, given the importance of franchisees in a franchise system, the lack of research about consequences from the franchisee's perspective, and that many of the previous studies have taken a top-bottom view, this research concentrated on the franchisee's performance. This study focused on business format franchising in the restaurant industry in two countries, Iran and Sweden. In this study, the three perspectives of entrepreneurship, strategic management, and marketing were used to study the franchisee’s performance. Moreover, the resourcebased view, relational view, and relational exchange theory have been used to find the influential factors in a franchisee’s performance. Therefore, by considering franchising as a mutual relationship and examining the influential factors in a franchisee's performance, the related factors of both the franchisor and franchisee, as well as the relationship between them, were examined. According to the franchisee’s related factors, the franchisor's related factors, and the relationship and environmental factors, 12 main hypotheses and 9 sub-hypotheses were developed. In total, 191 usable questionnaires from Sweden and Iran, comprising a response rate of 22 percent, were returned from the franchisees. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the construct measurement; to test the hypothesis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. Moreover, the Chow test was conducted to integrate the data from these two countries. A primary contribution of this study is taking a bottom-top view in franchising research. This study also provided a detailed and holistic view about the consequences of franchising for franchisees. Moreover, this study, offers important contributions toward understanding entrepreneurial activities, as a controversial issue, in franchising outlets. The results provide interesting insights into the franchisee’s performance. While the franchisees’ related factors of absorptive capacity, Kirznerian entrepreneurial orientation, and social capital positively affected their performance, Schumpeterian entrepreneurial orientation and human capital did not affect their performance. Moreover, the franchisor’s related factors of system profitability, brand reputation, advertisement and providing raw material had a positive influence on the performance. However, training did not cause a difference in the franchisee’s performance. All relationship factors also positively affected the performance, and conflict and satisfaction mediated the relationship between trust and performance. Finally, the implications of this study and suggestions for further contributions in this stream of research are discussed.
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au, C. Inma@murdoch edu, and Chutarat Inma. "Building successful franchises: The influence of franchise heterogeneity and relationship management on franchise success." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070912.173434.
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Franchising is a form of business arrangement which has been claimed to offer a high possibility of business success. The reason for its growing support may be due to the benefits franchising offers to the individuals (franchisees), the organisations (franchisors), the public and the whole economy. The notion that franchising offers a successful guarantee for business operations warrants investigation into what factors contribute to likely success.
The characteristics of franchise firms have been identified as a significant factor in ensuring franchise success. In this study, franchise firms were classified into four groups using hierarchical cluster analysis: the beginners, the developers, the growers and the matures. The profiles were tested against reported performance measures, indicating that franchise firms in the growing group outperform firms in other groups. However, this is only one component which may influence a successful franchise development.
Relationship management is a second, critical area in building a strong franchise network. Some significant relationship building factors are explored in this thesis. Control, influence strategy, franchisee information asymmetry and communication strategy were found to be significant factors which lead to franchise competitive advantage. The results show that control and coercive influence strategy negatively influence franchise outcomes, while noncoercive influence strategy, information asymmetry and communication strategy positively enhance the franchise relationship. The results of multiple regression analyses also indicate that the combined effects of these franchise strategies have a significant impact on franchise outcomes; namely, financial performance, franchise goal congruence and franchisee satisfaction.
The findings suggest that franchise firms can adjust their strategies to enhance their business success. Control, influence, information and information strategies can be used to maintain and induce healthy franchise relationships within the franchise dyad. The study also significantly extends the existing understanding of franchise heterogeneity theories, key criteria of franchise business competitiveness, the unique business relationship between franchisor and franchisee and franchise factors contributing to franchise success in the current franchising literature.
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Inma, Chutarat. "Building successful franchises: the influence of franchise heterogeneity and relationship management on franchise success." Thesis, Inma, Chutarat (2002) Building successful franchises: the influence of franchise heterogeneity and relationship management on franchise success. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/107/.
Full textAbstract:
Franchising is a form of business arrangement which has been claimed to offer a high possibility of business success. The reason for its growing support may be due to the benefits franchising offers to the individuals (franchisees), the organisations (franchisors), the public and the whole economy. The notion that franchising offers a successful guarantee for business operations warrants investigation into what factors contribute to likely success.
The characteristics of franchise firms have been identified as a significant factor in ensuring franchise success. In this study, franchise firms were classified into four groups using hierarchical cluster analysis: the beginners, the developers, the growers and the matures. The profiles were tested against reported performance measures, indicating that franchise firms in the growing group outperform firms in other groups. However, this is only one component which may influence a successful franchise development.
Relationship management is a second, critical area in building a strong franchise network. Some significant relationship building factors are explored in this thesis. Control, influence strategy, franchisee information asymmetry and communication strategy were found to be significant factors which lead to franchise competitive advantage. The results show that control and coercive influence strategy negatively influence franchise outcomes, while noncoercive influence strategy, information asymmetry and communication strategy positively enhance the franchise relationship. The results of multiple regression analyses also indicate that the combined effects of these franchise strategies have a significant impact on franchise outcomes; namely, financial performance, franchise goal congruence and franchisee satisfaction.
The findings suggest that franchise firms can adjust their strategies to enhance their business success. Control, influence, information and information strategies can be used to maintain and induce healthy franchise relationships within the franchise dyad. The study also significantly extends the existing understanding of franchise heterogeneity theories, key criteria of franchise business competitiveness, the unique business relationship between franchisor and franchisee and franchise factors contributing to franchise success in the current franchising literature.
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Inma, Chutarat. "Building successful franchises : the influence of franchise heterogeneity and relationship management on franchise success /." Inma, Chutarat (2002) Building successful franchises: the influence of franchise heterogeneity and relationship management on franchise success. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/107/.
Full textAbstract:
Franchising is a form of business arrangement which has been claimed to offer a high possibility of business success. The reason for its growing support may be due to the benefits franchising offers to the individuals (franchisees), the organisations (franchisors), the public and the whole economy. The notion that franchising offers a successful guarantee for business operations warrants investigation into what factors contribute to likely success.
The characteristics of franchise firms have been identified as a significant factor in ensuring franchise success. In this study, franchise firms were classified into four groups using hierarchical cluster analysis: the beginners, the developers, the growers and the matures. The profiles were tested against reported performance measures, indicating that franchise firms in the growing group outperform firms in other groups. However, this is only one component which may influence a successful franchise development.
Relationship management is a second, critical area in building a strong franchise network. Some significant relationship building factors are explored in this thesis. Control, influence strategy, franchisee information asymmetry and communication strategy were found to be significant factors which lead to franchise competitive advantage. The results show that control and coercive influence strategy negatively influence franchise outcomes, while noncoercive influence strategy, information asymmetry and communication strategy positively enhance the franchise relationship. The results of multiple regression analyses also indicate that the combined effects of these franchise strategies have a significant impact on franchise outcomes; namely, financial performance, franchise goal congruence and franchisee satisfaction.
The findings suggest that franchise firms can adjust their strategies to enhance their business success. Control, influence, information and information strategies can be used to maintain and induce healthy franchise relationships within the franchise dyad. The study also significantly extends the existing understanding of franchise heterogeneity theories, key criteria of franchise business competitiveness, the unique business relationship between franchisor and franchisee and franchise factors contributing to franchise success in the current franchising literature.
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Calvet, Arnaud. "Franchise et concurrence : la protection du franchiseur face à la concurrence de son ancien franchisé." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1064.
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La franchise se caractérise par les liens particulièrement étroits existant entre l'entreprise du franchiseur et celle du franchisé. Ces liens, qui perdurent dans le temps, rendent la cessation du lien contractuel particulièrement dangereuse pour le franchiseur. Ce dernier cherche donc à encadrer le départ du franchisé via l'insertion de diverses stipulations contractuelles. Parmi elles, la clause de non-concurrence est la plus utilisée et la plus restrictive vis à vis de la liberté du distributeur. Cette clause est aussi la plus controversée. L'atteinte considérable à la liberté économique du franchisé, commerçant indépendant propriétaire de son fonds de commerce, permet de constater l'illégitimité de la clause de non-concurrence tandis que la protection du savoir-faire transmis à l'occasion du contrat de franchise constitue une justification insuffisante d'une telle interdiction. L'encadrement de la fin du contrat de franchise, qui demeure pourtant une nécessité, doit ainsi se faire au moyen d'autres mesures de protection réellement adaptées aux risques liés au départ du franchisé et auxquels la clause de non-concurrence est totalement inadaptée. Tout d'abord, le concept élaboré par le franchiseur apparaît comme étant particulièrement vulnérable face à la concurrence développée : tant par l'ancien franchisé que par l'ensemble de la concurrence, ce qui exige la mise en oeuvre de moyens de protection spécifiquement adaptés au travers du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, du droit de la concurrence déloyale et enfin du droit des contrats. Par ailleurs, l'organisation du réseau de franchise élaborée par le franchiseur constitue la seconde source de danger liée au départ du franchisé. La clause de non ré-affiliation représente un instrument juridique adapté face à cet enjeu.
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Goullet, Catherine. "Le contrôle des réseaux de franchise de service." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ001D/document.
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La franchise se définit comme « un système de commercialisation de produits et/ou de services » (Code de Déontologie). Trois éléments essentiels la caractérisent avec la fourniture d’une enseigne et de signes de ralliements de la clientèle, la transmission de savoir-faire et une assistance continue tout au long du contrat. Le franchiseur concède au franchisé le droit d’exploiter un concept avec l’obligation pour ce dernier de respecter l’ensemble des règles et procédures mises au point part le franchiseur. Cette relation inter organisationnelle présente un intérêt particulier pour la problématique du contrôle du fait de deux caractéristiques importantes l’indépendance juridique et financière des parties et l’interdépendance économique. Notre thèse porte sur l’étude du contrôle et son évolution tout au long de la relation de franchise. Une étude exploratoire nous a permis de proposer un modèle global et dynamique du contrôle reposant sur un séquençage de la relation en quatre phases et sur la mise en œuvre d’un contrôle pluriel. Dans une optique confirmatoire, nous avons réalisé une double enquête quantitative auprès de franchiseurs et franchisés de réseaux de franchise de service. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’une dynamique du contrôle tout au long de la relation avec un contrôle de conformité des opérations qui décroit au fur et à mesure de l’acquisition et la maitrise des savoir-faire, un contrôle d’efficacité de l’exploitation qui s’oriente vers une recherche d’efficience par la fourniture d’outils de gestion et un contrôle social qui se développe par une intégration progressive des franchisés dans la vie du réseauA franchise is defined as “a system of marketing products and/or services”, (Code of Ethics). It is characterized by three essential elements : the provision of the franchisor’s distinctive signs and trade-marks, in-house training, and supervisory services throughout the length of the contract. The franchisor grants the franchisee the right to operate a concept with the requirement that he comply with all the rules and procedures developed by the franchisor. This inter-organizational relation raises a particular interest with regard to the question of control because of two important aspects : the legal and financial independence of both parties as well as their economic interdependence. Our thesis focuses on the study of control and how it evolves throughout the franchise relationship. An exploratory study allowed us to propose a dynamic and global model of control based on the sequencing of the relationship in four phases as well as the implementation of multiple controls. To corroborate our findings, we carried out a double quantitative study of franchisors and franchisees involved in networks that market services. The results point to the existence of a dynamic approach to control throughout the relationship: with compliance verifications of operations that decrease gradually as the acquisition and mastery of know-how increases; with performance controls of the business oriented towards gaining efficiency through the provision of management tools; and with a social control that develops through the gradual integration of franchisees in the life of the network
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Wright, Owen. "Maintaining Franchise System Isotropy: A Grounded Theory of Franchised Co-Branding." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365993.
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Franchising is a popular form of distribution for products and services that makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy. Traditionally, franchisors (the principal in the franchise relationship) maintain rigid control over their systems. Thus the focal point for this research, co-branding (the blending of another brand into the original franchise concept), is in itself a conundrum worthy of investigation.
Franchising research is dominated by theoretical foundations of agency theory, resource constraints theory and transaction cost economics which debate the initial adoption of the franchising model and its subsequent use by organisations. Academic investigation in an Australian context is found to be disparate at best with little development found regarding franchise models of growth. Two American studies of franchise co-branding are identified but fall short of explaining this phenomenon as an expansion strategy in mature franchise systems. Therefore the significance of this study resides in the creation of theory explaining the adoption of the complex growth strategy of co-branding in the context of franchising.
A grounded theory methodology is adopted to gather and analyse data from a limited range of organisations using franchisors as the unit of analysis. Almost three hundred pages of data were gathered from a range of national executives and company documents to triangulate to an organisational perspective. Throughout meta-triangulation a further one hundred and fifty pages of notes/analysis were created. This process identifies dynamics between brands (as representations of the organisations involved) through comparison so problems and issues most important to respondents are presented. These comparisons form propositions. Propositions form the basis of the theory.
The theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy is multi-faceted. Systems establish external co-brand alliances utilising high quality brands. Once external relationships are established franchise systems create brands internally. This results in higher levels of system resilience. In the search for resilience, franchisors subjugate their positions in order to minimise exposure to external brand alliances and maximise franchisee adoption of the internally created co-brand. Transition from external co-brands to an internally created strategy is identified as transcendence. Transcendence is characterised by the original franchise brand transferring its brand attributes to the newly established co-brand. Maturity of the co-brand relationship results in bilateral leveraging of brand attributes. To maximise the retail co-brand strategy brand migration is instigated to establish the most effective locations.
When these facets are combined, the theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy emerges. Franchise systems view themselves as invariant (unaffected by a designated operation or transformation). This view drives strategy decisions from which franchise operations remain the same. This behaviour is described as isotropic and explains the strategic organisational process in this context.
This approach forms the basis of a compelling argument against the ownership redirection debate (where franchise systems may choose to buy back franchised outlets as they mature). The combination of franchising and incentives/subsidisation produces extra-contractual obligatory behaviour highlighting new perspectives for the agent-theoretic argument by characterising the principal/agent relationship as ‘deeper’ and therefore must be redefined within the context of franchising. Further, an increase in transaction costs from this strategy notionally supports a need for company-owned operations (as franchisees needed to be compelled by subsidy to adopt this strategy).
Hence, the theory of maintaining franchise system isotropy provides an explanation that extends previous thought in this area and introduces new concepts and perspectives to more effectively understand this complex organisational process. Therefore this study has academic implications for franchising research and the broader marketing management and channel strategy areas. Further implications for franchise systems are also identified. Future investigations to develop the different facets of the theory are necessary to provide a fuller understanding of this phenomenon.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Books on the topic "Franchise"
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Lynne, Lister, ed. Franchise handbook: The business franchise guide. London: Blenheim, 1992.
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Kırca, Çiğdem. Franchise sözleşmesi. Cebeci, Ankara: Banka ve Ticaret Hukuku Araştırma Enstitüsü, 1997.
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West Midlands Cable Communications Limited. Franchise application. Birmingham: WMCC, 1988.
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Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd. and LexisNexis (Firm), eds. Franchise manual. Kuala Lumpur: Malayan Law Journal Sdn. Bhd., 2003.
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Fleury, James, Bryan Hikari Hartzheim, and Stephen Mamber, eds. The Franchise Era. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419222.001.0001.
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As Hollywood shifts towards the digital era, the role of the media franchise has become more prominent. Over a series of essays by a range of international scholars, this edited collection argues that the franchise is now an integral element of American media culture. As such, the collection explores the production, distribution, and marketing of franchises as a historical form of media-making. In particular, the essays analyze the complex industrial practice of managing franchises across interconnected online platforms with a global scope, presenting a network of scholarly texts that critically look at the collision of new and old industrial logics against an ever more fragmented and consolidated mediascape. The authors address how traditional incumbents like film studios and television networks have responded to the rise of big data, Silicon Valley companies like Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google; the ways in which legacy franchises are adapting to new media platforms and technologies; the significant historical continuities and deviations in franchise-making and how they shape the representation of on-screen texts across digital displays; and, finally, how emerging media formats are expanding the possibility for transmedia experiences. In this regard, The Franchise Era: Managing Media in the Digital Economy offers an in-depth analysis of the tectonic shifts that have disrupted entertainment companies in the twenty-first century, demonstrating that the media franchise stands front and center in this high-stakes environment.
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The Franchise Ratings Guide: 3000 Franchisees Expose the Best & Worst Franchise Opportunities. iUniverse, Inc., 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Franchise"
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Jeannet, Jean-Pierre, Thierry Volery, Heiko Bergmann, and Cornelia Amstutz. "Franchise Focus Choices." In Masterpieces of Swiss Entrepreneurship, 93–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65287-6_9.
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AbstractThis chapter centers around the concept of the customer franchise defined as a distinct group of users for whom a company offers a central element or product. Explanations are offered how companies attach such groups to their products and create loyalty. Examples are cited of companies that manage to create a single customer franchise around a distinct group of companies that rely on the supplier for a critical part of their business processes. Franchises may also be created around a particular industry or around institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the creation of customer franchise anchored around a particular professional group with client companies. Solution-based franchises are built on supplying entire solutions for customers also leading to a systems-centered approach in franchise building. The chapter ends with company examples of consumer franchise building practiced by B2C firms and how this process differs from the franchise building in the B2B sectors.
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García-Herrera, Alicia. "Franchise." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 897–901. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_179.
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García-Herrera, Alicia. "Franchise." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–6. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_179-1.
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Blair, Roger D., and Hanny A. Lane. "Franchise." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 591–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_482.
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Blair, Roger D., and Hanny A. Lane. "Franchise." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 1–2. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_482-1.
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Dnes, Antony. "Franchise Contracts." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law, 813–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74173-1_152.
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Riedl, Hermann, and Christian Schwenken. "Franchise-Administrationsmanual." In Praxisleitfaden Franchising, 19–25. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22430-1_3.
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Riedl, Hermann, and Christian Schwenken. "Franchise-Administrationsmanual." In Praxisleitfaden Franchising, 19–25. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04697-2_3.
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Teixeira, Ed, and Richard Chan. "Franchise Trends." In Franchising Strategies, 155–64. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034285-10.
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Rohrßen, Benedikt. "Franchise Systems." In Law for Professionals, 153–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35024-5_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Franchise"
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Čović, Ana, Oliver Nikolić, and Aleksandra Daria Petrović. "Obligacionopravno dejstvo ugovora o franšizi." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.117c.
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The franchise agreement is derived from the franchise business agreed by the parties concerned, the franchisor and the franchisee. It belongs to unnamed contracts because the law does not recognize it as a statutory contract of obligation or business law and must rest on the principles of contract law, so there must be agreement of the will of the contracting parties without any deficiencies in compliance with legal regulations. A franchise agreement is a mixed contract in nature, because it also contains elements of other contracts. International and national regulations in this area influence the strengthening of intellectual property rights and franchise activities, thus accelerating global innovation capacity, improving technical and technological development and regulating and improving the market. The subject of this paper is the legal relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, the content of their mutual rights and obligations, and the origin and importance of the franchise agreement.
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Manaresi, Angelo. "Strategic Integration of E-commerce and Franchising." In 7th International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2023.237.
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The primary objective of this article is to discern the strategy implications arising from the incorporation of e-commerce by franchisors within franchise networks. Following interviews with key informants, an experiment was conducted to investigate the franchisees’ willingness to continue investing in the franchise network after the franchisor introduces an e-commerce platform that excludes them. The long-term repercussions of integrating e-commerce into franchising networks include a diminished willingness among franchisees to sustain their investments. This may differ from the short-term acceptance of the franchisor’s e-commerce initiative, primarily attributable to the substantial power imbalance between franchisor and franchisee, as well as short-term inertia inherent in relation-specific investments and franchise contracts. A significant challenge faced by franchisors is the choice between establishing a profit-sharing model or, ideally, a mutually beneficial win-win arrangement with franchisees. Alternatively, the strategy may consider allocating more resources to directly operated stores.
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Kavarić, Milena. "Prednosti i nedostaci za ugovorne strane kod ugovora o franšizingu." In Onlajn konferencija pravnika u privredi Republike Srbije. Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/zbornik_pip_2105a.
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Franchise business arrangement includes franchisee’s right to use franchisor’s business identity: the name, trademark, symbol, products, or services. This way, the franchisor and the franchisee gain certain benefits. This paper discusses the economic aspect of a franchise agreement, positive and negative sides, i.e. advantages and disadvantages for contracting parties. In addition to direct benefits for contracting parties, this paper emphasizes other benefits of this form of business cooperation which are transferred to the general plan. On that basis, our aim is to contribute to more in-depth discussion to this mater, trying to find out the key factors that lead to the success of franchise enterprises, meanwhile summarising the main limitations and potential weaknesses in the model. The advantages of this form of business in comparison to the opening of an independent business unit were analysed separately which, at last, provided the conclusion for choosing the franchising model when starting a small business.
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Dung, Tran Thi Thuy. "COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Franchise Industry and Franchise Dispute Resolution." In Research Technologies of Pandemic Coronavirus Impact (RTCOV 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201105.043.
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Liu, Wan-Yu, and Sheng-Tsung Hou. "The awareness-motivation-capability approach to the cooperation relationships between franchisers and franchisees: The case of laundry business franchise system." In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2010.5492722.
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Dabeva, Tania, and Georgina Lukanova. "FEATURES OF CONNECTIVITY AMONG FRANCHISING NETWORKS IN HOTEL INDUSTRY." In TOURISM AND CONNECTIVITY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/tc2020.473.
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The main thesis supported in this study is that connectivity is embedded in the hotel franchise due to its systemic nature, the number of participating levels, elements and entities, the complex relationships between them, the transfer of tangible and intangible assets, multifaceted communications of formal and informal nature and others. In this regard, the main purpose of the paper is to reveal the nature of connectivity in the hotel franchise and how it affects the functioning and development of the system. The first part of the report examines the peculiarities of the relationships between business entities in the hotel franchise. The next part presents two main concepts for connectivity management in franchising networks in the hotel industry, and at the end some conclusions and recommendations for the development of franchise partner networks are systematized.
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Đorđević, Slavko. "ODREĐIVANjE MERODAVNOG PRAVA ZA UGOVOR O FRANŠIZINGU – NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA IZ UGLA MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA SRBIJE." In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.113dj.
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In this paper author analyses the conflict-of-law regime for cross-border franchise contracts in Serbian private international law. The study begins with the characterisation of franchise contract and its delimitation form other similar contracts in Serbian legal system, such as a distribution contract and licence contract. It continues with the analysis of conflict-of-law rules of Serbian PIL Act which have to be applied to franchise contract, where the attention is given to the choice of law rule of Art. 19 of Serbian PIL Act and to the hard conflict-of law rule for innominate contracts contained in Art. 20 point 20 of Serbian PIL Act which may be derogated by special escape clause (Art. 20 sentence 1 of Serbian PIL Act). This hard conflict-of-law rule deviates heavily from the principle of characteristic performance, which has been established in hard conflict-of-law rules of Art. 20 point 1-19 that apply to nominate contracts, so the author finds that it should be considered as meaningless and, therefore, replaced with the new conflict-of-law rule based upon mentioned principle of characteristic performance which can be created in accordance with Art. 2 of Serbian PILA. Finally, author analyses the issue of determining applicable law for formal validity of franchise contract and applicable law for master franchise contracts as well as the issue of application of overriding mandatory rules which directly affect the cross-border franchise contracts.
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Jian, Hua. "Franchise Value and Bank Risk Management." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5303831.
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Berliana, Martha, and Rineke Sara. "Legal Protection for Franchise Business Actors." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2022, 16 April 2022, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-4-2022.2319732.
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Priya, K. Lakshmi Sai, and Ch Rupa. "Block Chain Technology based Electoral Franchise." In 2020 2nd International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimia48430.2020.9074931.
Full textReports on the topic "Franchise"
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Lafontaine, Francine, and Margaret Slade. Incentive Contracting and the Franchise Decision. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6544.
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Chiu, Wan-Chien, Ravi Jagannathan, and Kevin Tseng. Franchise Value, Tobin’s Q, and Markups. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30829.
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Martínez Martínez, Luis Enrique, and Juan M. Monserrat Gauchi. Heuristic Evaluation of Optical and Optometry Franchise Websites. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-65-2010-884-071-088-en.
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Armstrong, Rose Marie. Franchise Plan. Central Archive for Reusable Defense Software (CARDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada284344.
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Lafontaine, Francine, and Kathryn Shaw. The Dynamics of Franchise Contracting: Evidence from Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5585.
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Boudali, Lianne K. The GSPC: Newest Franchise in al-Qa'ida's Global Jihad. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466539.
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Galetovic, Alexander, Eduardo Engel, and Ronald Fischer. Revenue-Based Auctions and Unbundling Infrastructure Franchises. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008875.
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This paper discusses privatization among investments in infrastructure. The goal of this paper is to present a new auction mechanism that solves many of the problems that have hindered the use of franchises. The first section of the paper discusses least present value of revenue (LPVR) auctions, where the regulator fixes user fees (according to some optimizing criterion) and asks for bids on the present value of revenue from user fees that franchise holders will accept in exchange for building, operating and maintaining the infrastructure. Section 2 of the paper classifies infrastructure projects according to their technological characteristics in order to establish conditions under which franchising is feasible and desirable. In Section 3, the authors discuss several conceptual issues that arise in franchising. Section 4 discusses the shortcomings of fixed-term mechanisms. Section 5 introduces and analyzes LPVR auctions. Section 6 discusses the unbundling of franchises. The authors' conclusions are presented in the final section.
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Krueger, Alan, and Orley Ashenfelter. Theory and Evidence on Employer Collusion in the Franchise Sector. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24831.
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Lafontaine, Francine, and Emmanuel Raynaud. The Role of Residual Claims and Self-Enforcement in Franchise Contracting. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8868.
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Stewart, Duncan. Investigating Cable: The Potential and Actual Value of PEG & Franchise Fees. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5725.
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