Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Franchissements'
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Galtier, Thomas Mathieu. "Taux de franchissements pour processus non gaussiens et applications aux comportements de structures." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS229.
Full textIn this thesis we present some methods to estimate the upcrossing intensity of an environ- mental variable or a structure subjected to environmental loads. Our focus is more on sea surface elevation at a fixed location and on the behavior of a vessel in terms of stress on the structure. We model the environmental load by a non gaussian stationary stochastic process et the dynamical system is model by a second order Volterra system. We propose to introduce for the model of the environmental load a new class of processes, the class of Laplace moving average process, which is characterized by his second order structure and two extra parameters to estimate the skewness and the kurtosis of the marginal distribution. After a short notice on the background theory used to understand the thesis, we propose in a first part a method, based on saddlepoint method, to estimate upcrossing intensity for the environmental load model here by a Laplace moving average process, see Galtier [15]. Two numerical examples are teated here, one with sea surface elevation in a fixed location and one on the stress measured in the after part of a vessel. The proposed method is compared with upcrossing intensity computed with gaussian assumption. In a second part we define the response process of a quadratic system subjected to environmental load model by Laplace moving average. We propose a hybrid method based on saddlepoint method used in the previous part to estimate upcrossing intensity of the response, see Galtier et al. [17]. We give two examples. The first one is based on the assumption that the dynamical system is only composed by a linear part. The second example is a general example where the dynamical system is composed by a linear part and a quadratic part. Here again a comparison with gaussian assumption for the input is proposed and the results show clearly that with this gaussian assumption we can under estimate upcrossing intensity for high levels. Then in a third part we will interest in the estimation of fatigue damage and in the response of a vessel during severe sea conditions, see Mao et al [36]. Some applications are used to check the accuracy of the method used to compute fatigue. Estimations of 20 years return period and 100 years return period are proposed. One with gaussian assumption and one with Laplace moving average (LMA) assumption. Again we show that with gaussian assumption we can under estimate the stress of a vessel for significant wave height (Hs) from 5 to 17 meters
Polet, Philippe. "Modélisation des franchissements de barrières pour l'analyse des risques des systèmes homme-machine." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7e557ec2-551a-425d-99e6-278d903333d0.
Full textRisk analysis in Man-machine systems has to take into account technical and human factors. Deviation between precribed tasks and real observed activities are noticed in field industrial observations. The PhD focuse on the molisation of these deviations. These deviations lead to border-line condition of use (BCTU) tolerated by users. These conditions are not taken into account by a priori risk analysis. We purpose some indicators in order to measure the impact of these conditions on the Man-machine system performances. Intentional inhibition of protection means, so called barrier crossing leads to BCTU. We purpose a multicriteria modelisation of barrier crossing. We distinguish the benefit, the cost and the potential deficit of the barrier crossing. We illustrate these concepts with field analysis in rotary press. We validate the model with an experimental study. Results confirm our hypothesis and encourage to take into account BCTU in risk analysis
Gueguen, Simon. "Contribution à l'étude des conséquences économiques des divulgations d'information en matière de franchissements de seuils de contrôle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED044/document.
Full textThe debate on the optimum level of transparency in financial markets found a major point of controversy: the ownership of public companies. The design of new financial products and the development of shareholder activism called the blockholding disclosure rules into question. This thesis analyzes the economic impact of changes in regulation, measures the value relevance of the content of blockholding announcements, and introduces a new conceptual framework allowing strategic behavior of the involved economic agents. According to our empirical results, the information disclosed by blockholders are value relevant, even when the blockholder commits to remain passive. Our theoretical model suggests that blockholders make a strategic use of the reporting window, and predicts that a shortening of the legal time period would be favorable to minority shareholders
Djelassi, Abir. "Modélisation et prédiction des franchissements de barrières basées sur l'utilité espérée et le renforcement de l'apprentissage : application à la conduite automobile." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0cb14aca-51f3-4cd3-8727-f89febd00519.
Full textRisk analysis in Human-machine system (HMS) has to take into account human errors to limit their occurrences or consequences. That’s why, HMS designers define many barriers in the HMS environment. However, these barriers may be removed by human operators. That’s why it’s necessary to integrate the barrier removal in HMS design in order to better their design. The best way that insures this integration is the barrier removal modelling and prediction. This work proposes two linear models of the barrier removal utility: a generic one and a specific one. They integrate the different criteria related to the human operator activity, the Benefits, Costs and potential Deficits associated to these criteria, the weights αi, βi, and γi, the erreors εαi, εβi and εγi and the sensibility threshold Δu. The modification of these two last model’s elements provides an amelioration of the barrier removal utility value and so the barrier removal prediction. This new barrier removal prediction method was applied to the car driving domain. Its results are very interesting
Riccioli, Jean-Louis. "Les franchissements (1672-1960) : Une histoire de la tactique et de la technique du passage des cours d'eau par les armées françaises en opérations et sous menace ennemie." Montpellier 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON30053.
Full textMiejac, Emmanuelle. "Passer la Loire : ponts, bacs et gués au fil du fleuve autour de la boucle d'Orléans, les lieux de franchissements de la Loire de Cosne-sur-Loire à Chaumont-sur-Loire aux époques médiévale et moderne." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010709.
Full textGIRAULT, François. "Formalisation en logique linéaire du fonctionnement des réseaux de Petri." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010245.
Full textNguyen, Dang-Trinh. "Stabilité et franchissement des digues maritimes." Thesis, Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0011/document.
Full textTo protect the devastation on coastal maritime, the slope breakwater are mostly used. The possible malfunctions of this type of slope structure are the damage on armor layer leading to the rupture of the entire structure and the exceeding the safety criterion of overtopping discharge. One of the most used, the semi-empirical model of Van der Meer (1987), has been developed to describe the conditions of stability of armor breakwater under wave attack. This model is unable to accurately describe the influence of the real core’s permeability on the stability of the armor layer. Besides, for a sea dike, an increasing of water level accompanied by intensive swell will lead to the risks of more breakage and wave overtopping than those anticipated in the design of the structure. In the first physical model study of a rubble mound breakwater, we research the empirical relation between the parameter P used in the model VdM and real permeability Ks of porous medium constituting the core layer by two approaches. The second physical model of concrete breakwater is to study the different reinforcement solutions to strengthen the existing sea dikes which face to face the rise in the level of seas and oceans due to climate change. We validate the classical models of prediction for the initial scenario of sea level and propose the modifications of existing formulations in the scenarios of sea elevation from the points of view of damage and overtopping
Steinmann, Ronan. "L'influence climatique et anthropique sur trois cours d'eaux bourguignons : géoarchéologie de sites de franchissement sur la Loire, la Saône et le Doubs au cours de l'Holocène." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL032/document.
Full textA geoarchaeological study was led on four sections of the valleys of the Loire, Saône and Doubs rivers (Burgundy, France) in order to point out the factors influencing the alluvial dynamics on a multimillennial scale, and their effects on the preservation of archaeological information. Investigations started by roman and medieval remains of bridges discovered in active channels, were then carried out on larger parts of alluvial plains, and altogether allowed the evolutions of the channels during the Holocene period to be deducted. Various types of information on alluvial characteristics were crossed through time and space: ancient maps and XXth century or aerial photographs for centennial scale, archaeological data, geomorphological analysis, but mostly alluvial deposits for older periods. Facies analyses on fluvial sediments led to the identification and the reconstitution of successive sedimentary environments through time. The main steps of the evolution of the three rivers, after being identified and dated, were compared to previous studies in order to estimate the respective roles of climatic changes and anthropic influence on alluvial dynamics, on this regional scale, during the Holocene. Preservation of archaeological information in fluvial deposits is therefore discussed here, to reach a better understanding of taphonomic issues in such environmennts, which are potentially rich in archaeological remains
Brissaud, Laurence. "Le franchissement du fleuve à Vienne (Isère)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010581.
Full textThe study of the ancient road to the archaeological site of Saint-Romain-en-Gal (Rhône), conducted for twenty-five years, helped to highlight the essential role of the Portico street in the development of this area of Antique Vienna, on the right bank of the Rhône. Across the plain from west to east, the street would strop abruptly on the bank of the Rhône opposite the ancient heart of the capital of the Allobroges, raised the issue of crossing the river. The number of bridges attributed to the Roman era has seen changes over time. An important historiographical research has been conducted to determine actual knowledge clues proving the presence of one or more works of ancient art at the height of Vienna, duplex urbs. But to understand their logic implementation, it took also follow the genesis of installing newer crossing points that were subject to the same topographical and urban and ancient books constraints. It appears from this study that two bridges can be attributed to the Roman era. The third, more monumental, stone bridge, seen in the collective memory as the roman bridge in the city, however, seems to go back to the High Middle Age
Bouderlique-Couedic, Chantal. "Franchissement de la faille et avènement de la parole." Lyon 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO3A002.
Full textPron, Bénédicte. "Mecanismes du franchissement de la barriere digestive par listeria monocytogenes." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05N152.
Full textPierre, Jarrault. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867306.
Full textJarrault, Pierre. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066211.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis report focuses on the optimization of crossing capabilities for "wheel-legged" hybrid mobile robots. We consider that a robot is able to overcome an obstacle if he is able, for each geometric configuration of the contact points encountered during the crossing , to balance the external forces applied to it while maintaining contact adhesion. Our approach consist in using two features of poly-articulated robots in order to optimize the distribution of contact forces. Firstly, the actuation redundancy allows the application of internal forces. Secondly, the kinematic redundancy allows to change the CoM position, changing the set of possible solutions to the force distribution problem. The criterion used for the optimization measures the contacts stability robustness relatively to uncertainties in the force control. It was chosen based on a comparative analysis of different criteria used in the field of grasping. The resulting control algorithm allows for simultaneous control of both robot movements and contact forces. Experimental results on robot HyLoS 2 show that the algorithm allow for the crossing of an obstacle represented by a slope of 60\char6 with a height of 19 cm, while the wheels radius is only 7 cm
Paillat, Jean-Luc. "Conception et contrôle de robots à géométrie variable : applications au franchissement d'obstacles autonome." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00589292.
Full textPerrot, Olivier. "Locomotion et franchissement d'obstacles après lésion cérébrale : étude cinématique chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596578.
Full textGolovkine, Guillaume. "Franchissement des barrières épithéliales et endothéliales par le pathogène opportuniste Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV009/document.
Full textP. aeruginosa is one of the main pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. Acute infections by this bacterium are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, especially when bacteria disseminate in the bloodstream. In most situations, blood infection is the consequence of the crossing of two essential tissue barriers by P. aeruginosa: the epithelium for the mucosa and the endothelium for the blood vessel. Although these events are critical steps for systemic spread of bacteria, the mechanisms involved in the penetration of the pathogen in the organism are poorly understood. For the endothelium, we demonstrate that P. aeruginosa induces the cleavage of VE-cadherin, a protein of endothelial junctions, by the action of LasB, a protease secreted by the bacteria. VE-cadherin cleavage induces a loss of integrity of the endothelium, allowing bacterial access to the cellular basolateral domain. Once in this location, the Type 3 secretion system may inject toxins into the cell, triggering a major intoxication process. Crossing of the epithelial barrier involves a very different mechanism. Using real-time confocal microscopy, we show that P. aeruginosa uses a paracellular route to transmigrate, exploiting junctional weaknesses at sites of cell division and cell death. This transmigration process requires the coordinate actions of Type IV pili, the flagellum and toxins of the Type 3 secretion system
Méry, Stéphane. "Sociomotricité et sports de franchissement de filet : approche comparative et aspects sociaux." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H055.
Full textThe courte paume, tennis, tennis table, badminton and volley : a projectile is thrown above a net. Rules, social distribution and emotional reactions of players during games appear to be very different from one sport to another which makes things very interesting from a human science perspective. Then, using psychology and etiology methods, each sport is studied in details. Relationships between players and space, time, others or objects are then compared. Spatial and gestural transformations are also examined. A detailed analysis of games shows a large diversity of behaviour related to the different situations. Finally, a prospective analysis is performed studying the evolution of these different sports with a particular emphasis in tennis which is perceived as the lead sport. In conclusion, sport is a communication media full of emotion. The modifications of these different sports are due to the expectations of players and spectators. Sports do not evolve independently but with the changes in society
Bouton, Arthur. "Conception et commande d'une structure de locomotion compliante pour le franchissement d'obstacle." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066264.
Full textPerforming an efficient locomotion on rough terrains is still a challenge for robotic systems of all kinds. “Wheel-on-leg” robots that try to combine energy efficiency of wheels with leg agility are an example with potentially very promising capabilities. Unfortunately, control of such structures turns out to be problematic because of the kinematic redundanciesand, above all, the difficulty of precisely evaluating the ground geometry as the robot advances. This thesis proposes a solution to the complexity of reconfigurable rolling systems by a synergic approach between compliance and actuation.To this purpose, we propose to exploit an ideally orthogonal decomposition between the different movements enabled by the robot suspension due to compliant elements. Then, the structure actuation is here dedicated to controlling the vertical forces applied on wheels, while the horizontal wheel displacements are due to a passive stiffness combined with a local modulation of wheel speed. The robot posture is controlled through the vertical forces servoing provided by a series elastic actuation. This ensures a spontaneous adaptation of wheel heights while keeping the control on load distribution. The feasibility of such a locomotion system is validated through a prototype based on four compliant “wheel-legs”. Entirely conceived as part of this study, this one approximates the proposed functional decomposition while meeting the realization and robustness constraints. We also present two control methods that take advantage of the functional decompositionproposed for the structure in order to cross obstacles. The first one aims to exploit the chassis inertia in order to perform a local modification of the vertical forces applied on wheels, while the second one is based on the selection of proper ways of distributing forces in order to be able to pursue a quasi-static advance in all circumstances. Two approaches are given for the production of the last control : either with a “Q-learning” algorithm or by determining parameterized expert rules. Validated by dynamic simulations in various situations, these controls rely only on proprioceptive data immediately provided by the measurement of articular variables. This way, the robot directly reacts when it touches obstacles, without having to know the ground geometry in advance
Pigeyre, Laetitia. "Franchissement de la barrière intestinale du lépidoptère Spodoptera frugiperda par le Densovirus JcDV." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP005.
Full textSynthetic pesticides are now obsolete and alternative solutions are needed to control arthropod populations that are pests and disease vectors. Our team is interested in the interactions between the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDV, ambidensovirus 1) and the plant-eating Lepidoptera Spodoptera frugiperda. We have shown in this study model that JcDV, when ingested by the larva, crosses by trancytosis the intestinal epithelium (Wang et al., J. Virol, 2013) before replicating in its target tissues (tracheae, hemocytes). Upstream of the intestinal epithelium, the first barrier that the virus must cross is the peritrophic matrix (PM), α-chitin polymer associated with glycosylated proteins that protects the insect from abrasion and pathogens like mucus in other organisms. The viral particles ingested by the larva are concentrated on this matrix. Our first goal was to understand how the virus crosses the PM. By basing our strategy on the competition between the virus and free glycans, essentially the major component of chitin N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), we have shown in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo that the interaction of the virus with glycans is essential to the infection, which is however more effective when the virus is only semi-purified. This led us to look for specific PM virus ligands. The highly glycosylated proteins, also some low glycosylated proteins that are recognized by the virus, are undergoing proteomic analysis. In particular, we will try to identify the PM protein (s) whose interaction with JcDV may explain the destruction of the PM observed during the infection. We also started a transcriptomic analysis of the infected vs. uninfected gut to understand GlcNAc synthesis arrest 24h post-infection. Finally, we began a similar work on the interaction between JcDV and the lipid rafts of the midgut brush border of the S. frugiperda larva
Lux, Muriel. "Franchissement de l'Equateur par les masses d'eau dans le cadre de la circulation thermohaline." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2053.
Full textLe, Menn Frédéric. "Evaluation et optimisation de la locomotion de systèmes mobiles reconfigurables." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066347.
Full textLawrence, Philip. "Modélisation in vitro de l'infection et du franchissement de la muqueuse génitale féminine par HIV-1." Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET009T.
Full textCastellvi, Georges. "Le monument romain de panissars (trophees de pompee?) et le franchissement pyreneen de la voie domitienne." Montpellier 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON30012.
Full textThe existence of the roman monument of panissars is closely linked to the crossing of the domitian way at the point where it penetrates the pyrenees. The ground surveys carried out between le boulou and la jonquera (spain) have enabled us to establish that the way used to branch out into a real network of parallel thorough fares (the valley of rom, the freixe valley, and the ridgeway of the cluse haute) which were all used at some time or other in ancient times. The main branch is that of the freixe valley leading to the panissars pass, that a recent discovery of an important republican monument and of of constantine's milestones, identifies in the summun pyrenaeum of the ancient texts. The monument which has been discovered at panissars would appear to date from the end of the republic but it would also seen to be later than the creation of the domitian way. Were these trophies erected by pompey at the end of the spanish war (-71) as several of the topographic, historic and historiographic details would lead us to think? the question or the monument remains: the most attactive hypothesis is that of the turret-shape trophey built just above the way
Maillard, Boris. "Etude théorique et expérimentale d'une suspension hydraulique active-passive pour le franchissement rapide de grands obstacles." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0067.
Full textThe increasing requirements for mobility of light, off-road military vehicles make necessary the development of new locomotion and suspension systems. Abilities of fast, high obstacles crossing under good comfort conditions are aimed. This work is a contribution to theoretical and experimental study of active systems in this field. In a first chapter, after a short recall of the needs for future vehicles mobility, a state of the art of architectural locomotion concepts and controlled suspensions is carried out. A mixed architecture bogie truck 1 in-series, active-passive suspension is retained. The second chapter presents a theoretical study of an active-passive hydraulic suspension. The L. Q. G. Theory is pointed out. Two force and speed control laws are applied to a quarter of vehicle, with the objective of comfort improvement. A multi-level control structure is retained and the influence of the hydraulic control performance degradation is evaluated. The speed control is finally chosen. In the third chapter, the realization of an active-passive hydraulic suspension is detailed. The test bench is described. The identification of the models of the quarter of vehicle and the actuator is followed by a description of the various controllers’ settlings. The results of the tests present a good correlation with the simulation forecasts, and validate the feasibility of the active-passive suspension, while showing advantages of the bogie truck locomotion system
Bourrelly, Aurore. "INFLUENCES ÉGOCENTRÉES SUR LA PERCEPTION DE L'ESPACE GÉOCENTRÉ - OBJECTIVATION AU TRAVERS DE L'ESTIMATION DU FRANCHISSEMENT D'OBSTACLES HAUTS." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903276.
Full textBourrelly, Aurore. "Influences égocentrées sur la perception de l'espace géocentré : objectivation au travers de l'estimation du franchissement d'obstacles hauts." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22046.
Full textPerceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space
Paillard, Archibald. "Franchissement de barrières biologiques, mécanisme d'action et devenir subcellulaire de nanovecteurs d'agents anticancéreux pour la thérapie des gliomes." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482293.
Full textDurif, Caroline. "La migration d'avalaison de l'anguille européenne Anguilla anguilla : caractérisation des fractions dévalantes, phénomène de migration et franchissement d'obstacles." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30011.
Full textLécuyer, Hervé. "Interaction de Neisseria meningitidis avec les cellules de l’hôte : mécanismes de franchissement des barrières oropharyngée et hémato-encéphalique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T035.
Full textNeisseria meningitidis (Nm, meningococcus) is a commensal of the human oropharynx that colonizes between 10% and 30% of a population. This bacteria is able to cross the epithelial barrier of the oropharynx, invading the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, Nm adheres to the endothelial cells, spreads as microcolonies on the apical surface of the host cells, and then is able to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB), invading the meninges. However the BBB is composed of a tight-junction formed endothelium which is supposed to prevent any paracellular crossing. We showed that the Nm microcolony recruits the components of the polarity complex Par3/Par6/PKC and the components of the intercellular junctions leading to a leakage of the existing cell-cell junctions and therefore opening a paracellular pathway to the subendothelium. This is the consequence of a cellular response triggered by the pili, filamentous bacterial structures allowing bacterial adhesion of capsulated strains onto host cells. We identified the cellular receptor hijacked by the bacteria : the β2-adrenergic receptor, which is biasedly activated toward a β-arrestin signalling pathway. The recruitment of the junctionnal components and the opening of the paracellular route are the consequences of the β2-adrenergic/β-arrestins signalling pathway. However, before reaching the blood circulation and latter the meninges, the meningococcus has to cross a first tight-junction based cellular barrier, the oropharynx epithelium. We showed here that Nm does not recruit the components of the cellular junctions when adhering onto epithelial cells. The paracellular route is therefore specific of the Nm/endothelial interaction. Moreover the β2-adrenergic/β-arrestins cellular response is a specific feature of the endothelial cells and is not found in the epithelial model. The cellular responses to Nm adhesion onto endothelial and epithelial cells are therefore strikingly different
Su, Bin. "Impact de l'équilibre fonctionnel entre les protéines HA et NA des virus influenza A : pathogénicité, franchissement de la barrière d'espèce." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077142.
Full textThe goal of our studies was to assess the impact of the functional balance between the Haemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) proteins of the influenza A virus on viral fusogenicity, cellular tropism and pathogenicity, in order to better understand the factors modulating cross-species transmission and adaptation of influenza A. To accomplish these goals, we have developed two phenotypic tests : a cell-cell fusion assay and a virion infectivity assay. Two general topics were evaluated in the course of my thesis work: (i) the potential role of NA in the early stages of the viral life cycle, and (ii) the impact of a deletion in the stalk of the NA on the pathophysiology of infection in vitro and in vivo in domestic poultry. In the first study, we found that the NA protein significantly enhanced fusion and infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A likely mechanism explaining these observations is that the NA protein desialylates the virions expressing HA, thereby increasing their infectivity. These results emphasize that the NA protein of influenza A plays a critical role not only in virion release and spread, but also during the process of viral entry. In the second study, we participated in a collaborative project headed by Dr. Nadia Naffakh, These studies demonstrate that a shortened NA stalk is a strong determinant of adaptation and virulence of waterfowl influenza viruses in chickens. The two phenotypic assay s developed in the course of these studies should prove useful in further exploring also be applied to the study of envelope proteins used by other viruses with potential applications for both basic and clinical virology
Kahine, Khalil. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement de fluides non newtoniens lors du franchissement d'un divergent : lois de transfert de chaleur en conduite." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10363.
Full textDiarra, Mamadou. "Essais en canal à houle des forces exercées sur un mur déflecteur et du franchissement des vagues par-dessus le mur." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24853/24853.pdf.
Full textMarti, Geoffrey. "Rôle de multiples affordances dans la prise de décision et la régulation de l'action chez le conducteur : L'exemple du franchissement d'intersection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4024.
Full textCrossing an intersection is a typical task in which several affordances coexist, one offering the possibilities to safely cross the intersection (the main goal) and another offering the possibilities to stop the driving car to avoid a collision (the alternative goal). Based on Gibson and Crooks’ works (1938), we formalized the so-called Field of Safe Travel (FST) and Minimum Stopping Zone (MSZ) affordances in terms of critical time for safe crossing and for safe stopping, respectively. Using a virtual reality set-up with a driving simulator, three experiments have been designed to test the role of these two affordances on the decision-making and the regulation of action process. Our results, supported by a model of decision-making, reveal that drivers rely not only on the FST affordance, but also on the MSZ affordance, to choose to cross-or-not the intersection. Moreover, the joint use of these affordances is still observed when drivers have to control their velocity to perform the task when either a vehicle with a computed kinematic or a car driven by another agent is approaching. Put together, these results show that drivers take into account several possibilities for action offered by the environment (FST and MSZ affordances) to make a suitable choice and to control their speed when approaching an intersection
Thibeaux, Roman. "Caractérisation moléculaire et cellulaire de composants amibiens et humains influençant la migration d'Entamoeba histolytica lors du franchissement de la barrière intestinale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0050.
Full textEntamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebiasis. Among E. Histolytica species, two different strains have been identified. The pathogenic strain HMI is responsible for the destruction of the intestinal barrier whereas the Rahman strain remains non pathogenic. My PhD project aims at determining the factors regulating the virulent and the commensal phenotypes. Moreover, this study is intended to determine the remodeling of the extracellular matrix upon migration of E. Histolytica within the tissues. A model based on human colonic explants enabling the analysis of early steps in intestinal amoebiasis has been used along with advanced techniques in genomics and dynamic imaging. Upon contact with the human colon, the transcriptomic landscape of E. Histolytica HMI is characterized by the overexpression of genes encoding glycolysis enzymes as well as glycosyl hydrolases. Conversely, E. Histolytica Rahman transcriptomic landscape displays genes linked to the lipid metabolism. This suggests that upon mucus invasion, only E. Histolytica HMI is able to cleave carbohydrate residues on the mucins. This cleavage would uncover the proteic backbone of the mucins, enabling the cystein proteases of the parasite to further deplete the mucus layer. We have shown that E. Histolytica is displaying an amoeboid migration combined to a collagenolytic activity. The study of the invasion of human colonic explants by E. Histolytica has revealed that fibrillar collagen structures of the colon force an invasion route on the parasite. Moreover, penetration of the lamina propria requires the destruction of the collagen network, carried on by CP-A5 in situ
Bouksani, Ratiba. "Caractérisation des mouvements du tronc et du fauteuil roulant manuel pendant le franchissement d’un dénivellement chez les personnes ayant une paraplégie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25637.
Full textCroze, Olivier. "Impact des seuils et barrages sur la migration anadrome du saumon atlantique (Salmo salar L. ) : caractérisation et modélisation des processus de franchissement." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7159/1/Croze.pdf.
Full textNiang, EL Hadji Assane Samba. "Comparaison des patrons biomécaniques et de la co-contraction musculaire de sujets actifs et non actifs lors du franchissement d'obstacles pendant la marche." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4177.
Full textVodovosoff, Adrian. "La logique du franchissement dans la psychanalyse : le schéma optique de Jacques Lacan : un modèle pour penser la cure et la fin de l'analyse." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070038.
Full textLacan proposes an optical model in his first Seminar in 1954 as a way of thinking about the course of treatment, becoming aware of the obstacles to it and beginning to look for an answer to Freudian deadlock (impasse) at the end of analysis, organised around the castration complex. How and under what conditions can one break through this Freudian obstacle? Our argument is based on the acknowledgement of a contradiction in Lacanian theory between the Splitting up anxiety and the Completeness anxiety. This contradiction is rooted in Freudian theory and holds the key to the obstacle of the termination of analysis. Putting this deadlock (impasse) into perspective with the Lacanian "passe" permits going back over the logic of crossing as a psychoanalytical method. We follow three main ideas in order to outline this logic: that of theory, clinical work, and transmission, which brings us back to the psychoanalytical texts of Freud, Lacan, but also of other analysts such as Melanie Klein. The taking up of the optical model in the Sixties, allows one to measure the distance covered from Freud to Lacan, from the obstacle of castration until the crossing of anxiety. After showing that the different instances pointed out in the model open up onto the clinical work of the ideal and of desire, we see that fantasy provides the framework for crossing and permits one to think about the end of analysis. Thus we consider once again the fundamental tying together of anxiety and desire. In order to develop the perspective of crossing into act, to articulate theory and clinical work, we have adopted the method of textual commentary, an indispensable discipline according to Lacan in the training of analysts
Huang, Yongliang. "Une approche incrémentale pour l’extraction de séquences de franchissement dans un Réseau de Petri Temporisé : application à la reconfiguration des systèmes de production flexibles." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0018/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the generation of firing sequences in Timed Petri Net (TPN) using an incremental approach. To reduce the influence of the well-known combinatorial explosion issue, a unique sequence of timed steps is introduced to represent implicitly the underlying reachability graph of the TPN, without needing its whole construction. This sequence of timed steps is developed based on the logical abstraction technique. The advantage of the incremental approach is that it can express any state just from the last step information, instead of representing all states before.Several incremental search algorithms are introduced to improve the efficiency of our methodology. Constraint programming techniques are used to model and solve our incremental model, in which search strategies are developed that can search for solutions more efficiently. Our methodology can be used to add specific constraints to model realistic systems. Token identification techniques are developed to handle token confusion issues that appear when addressing the reconfiguration of manufacturing systems. Experimental benchmarks illustrate the effectiveness of approaches proposed in this thesis
Iles, Amine. "Contribution à la conception et à la commande d'un robot hexapode redondant." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066531.
Full textBriere-Guenoun, Fabienne. "De l'observation des pratiques aux connaissances mobilisées par le professeur dans l'intéraction didactique : le cas du franchissement par redressement au saut de cheval en collège." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2044.
Full textChignol, Patrick Régnier Jean-Claude. "Influence de la pratique de l'Aikidô sur le développement du sujet une étude exploratoire au travers du passage de grade en tant que franchissement de seuil /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2007. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2007/chignol_p.
Full textChignol, Patrick. "Influence de la pratique de l'Aikidô sur le développement du sujet : une étude exploratoire au travers du passage de grade en tant que franchissement de seuil." Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/chignol_p.
Full textThe didactics of Aikidô as it is taught in the line of Master Kobashi Hirokazu (1929-1998 ) is analysed through the five examinations taking place for each dan grade. The ritualistic, psychosomatic and linguistic aspects at work are brought to the fore when studying the didactical setting and progression of the examinations. Bruner, referring to Goodman, lays emphasis on a constructivist approach that does not consider reality as unique but that rather promotes the notion of a plurality of "psychological realities" resulting from the interrelations between every individual and their surrounding world. According to Vygotski, communication between subjects is the necessary basis for their own thinking to emerge. Using the theoretical framework of these researches the examination of grades are described not merely in the way the observer can see and understand them but also by focusing on how the different persons involved have lived these enriching moments of creative exchange. A particular methodological tool is then used : meta-account, in which ethnological descriptions are based on explanatory interviews as Vermersch has developed them. It is thus shown how the student in Aikidô, or aikidoka, enters a didactical system that fosters, through learning stages provided by the teacher, the elaboration of personal thinking and of its related behaviours that extend beyond the discipline of Aikidô and have implications in his or her familial, social and professional background. The students in Aikidô, as they are motivated by their wish for personal development, find in their practice a way that renders their quest possible
Niang, El Assane. "Comparaison du travail et de la puissance mécanique musculaire des membres inférieurs lors du franchissement d’un obstacle pendant la marche chez les personnes jeunes et âgées." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11166.
Full textFeuerhahn, Sascha Egly Jean-Marc. "Analyse des effets des lésions oxydatives et des composés anticancéreux sur la transcription par l'ARN polymérase II, le franchissement transcriptionnel et la réparation couplée à la transcription." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/00001038.
Full textFonrouge, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude du droit international des catastrophes naturelles et technologiques : les problèmes posés par le franchissement des frontières par des patients anonymes lors de catastrophes de grande ampleur." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40012.
Full textThis study deals with legal problems posed by organising aid as a result of natural or technologic disasters. Such disasters require not only exceptional medical organization but also specific international coordination, so that emergency teams may arrive early on the scene. Moreover, these teams need to be managed properly on site, so that efficient co-operation allows the victims to be treated, and the injured who need it to be transported to the medical institutions of neighbouring countries. While the sending of international medical aid is now well understood, the crossing of frontiers by unidentified victims in peace rime us a major problem of international law. Any decision to allow such a victim to cross a boundary must respect all the established identification techniques, of which the interpol formula is the reference. Bilateral and multilateral agreements should be designed to allow such crossings in circumstances of force majeure. This study presents model agreements such as those existing between france and switzerland and those defined in the convention of american states. Planning ahead for an appropriate response to the inevitable disasters of the future implies the definition of new specific agreements, so that efficient international aid may become a realty for all victims of largescale natural and technologic disasters
Lonchambon, Catherine. "Les bacs de la Durance du Moyen-Age au XIXe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX10034.
Full textThe present research is justified by the important part played by the "durance" in the old provence and, furthermore, by the lack of extensive studies about ferries which were established there and it takes its place into growing interest taken by archaelogists in rivers and, especially, in crossings. Informations delivered by the sources (which are mostly archives from middle ages to xixth century) have allowed us to consider ferries located between avignon and manosque according to three aspects : - their location, for which general caracteristics have been possibly determinated from studies of monographs, taking also into consideration the influence of ferries on network of communication - their functioning enlighten by the identification of means and systems set up for the crossing and by their development over the centuries, in addition to their level of adaptability to natural conditions - their method of operating with, on the one hand, the deal of the owners and the status of the "right of ferries" and, on the other hand, the deal of tenants and, finally, of their both relationships, also displaying the economic working of ferries. These various aspects have showed clearly the importance, the originality and the value of durance'ferries. Indeed, considered as essential means of communication, these ferries represented real stakes on a regional scale as well as a local one. Moreover, the necessary adaptation to its natural environment caused the installation of a crossing system with many and varied constituents. Finally, these crossings, for people who get involved in, represented a great interest as the numerous disputes and fights for domination which have existed about them show. More generally, this study enlights the interest and the necessity of doing researchs on these ancient types of crossings
Tran, Dung Tien. "Métrologie et modélisation des écoulements à forte pente autour d'obstacles : application au dimensionnement des passes naturelles." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0125/document.
Full textThis thesis is supported by an ONEMA project for the design of fishways and improve ecological continuity of rivers. This work focused on nature-like fish passes that have cost and landscaped appearance advantages. There is a steep flow around the blocks (macro-roughness) regularly distributed in a staggered configuration with large Froude numbers. The hydrodynamic conditions are sufficiently different to be passable by an expanded number of fish species. This thesis presents the work carried out at the Institute of Fluid Mechanics of Toulouse (IMFT). To study the flow in these passes, experiments are conducted on physical models and numerical simulations using the Telemac 2D model. The goal is to better understand the flow structure based on hydraulic and geometric conditions such as the number, shape and size of macro-roughness. In particular, we considered the interaction of physical phenomena usually studied separately such that the passage in supercritical regime, the interaction of wake or flow around macro-roughness. The stage-discharge relationships were established to assist in the design of nature-like passes. They provide criteria useful for passability such as maximum speeds, power dissipation or minimal water height. To reach a local description of the flow measurements with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter were conducted. They also helped to define the valid range of the 2D model. This model was then used to extrapolate passability criteria for untested experimental configurations. Finally, the knowledge on flow has been synthesized to define general recommendations sizing. It has also been able to verify on real scale passes, the accuracy of the relations established in the laboratory. The hydrodynamics of these passes is now sufficiently described to know if a fish can swim upstream and rest. It will remain to ensure that their attractiveness is good and that phenomena related to the turbulence length scales do not present an obstacle to the fish passage
Ngoubangoye, Barthélémy. "Recherche d’agents infectieux circulant dans une communauté d’hôtes, intérêt pour la conservation des PNHs et risque d’émergence de maladies zoonotiquesau Centre De Primatologie du CIRMF et dans les sanctuaires de PNHs (au Gabon)rimatologie du CIRMF (Gabon)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1112/document.
Full textThe survival of Non-human Primates (NHPs) is threatened by human activities and infectious diseases. To participate in their conservation in Gabon, several facilities among which sanctuaries and the Centre De Primatologie (CDP) of the Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) have been created. However, if the management of health risks is not taken into account and the supportive conditions are not regulated, these facilities which aim to preserve NHPs could become real crossroads for the transmission of parasites between NHP species, humans and/or microfauna. Therefore, to better understand the nature and the extent of the problem, our thesis work aimed to evaluate the health and zoonotic risks in groups of hosts from two (2) sanctuaries and one (1) primatology center in the south-east of Gabon. By combining epidemiological studies on the field both in humans and animals, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses as well as statistical modelling, our work aimed to understand (i) the circulation of infectious agents between species and (ii) the parasitic strategies in the new context of these communities created by human activities. We focused on three (3) parasitic models, namely: one (1) prokaryote (Staphylococcus aureus) and two (2) eukaryotes among which one pathogenic agent with vectorial transmission (Plasmodium spp) and a viral group with direct or indirect transmission (paramyxovirus). Our results highlight a great plasmodial diversity circulating in NHPs (9 species) and show that the specificity of hosts observed up until now in their natural habitat is broken. No simian plasmodium was found in humans, however the specter of hosts of P. falciparum grows with the new addition of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Our results also reveal a large genetic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus composed of general and specialized strains, the circulation of SARM strains (S. aureus resistant to methicillin) mainly via the general strains, between groups of treated and non-treated hosts to antibiotics. Fifteen (15) new strains are described. Regarding paramyxoviruses, no infection was identified but we raise the question of epidemic or endemic circulation models. To conclude, this study shows that in these facilities (i) the ecological conditions required for inter-species crossing of parasites are gathered and (ii) these conditions allow the development of infections previously never observed in the natural environment. These conditions of promiscuity between species favor the selection of parasitic species with a large specter of hosts (i.e., generalists) but also the occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to methicillin which spread via the communitarisation of parasites, especially in microfauna interacting with NHPs treated with antibiotics or humans