Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Francia – Historia – 1789-1815'
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Chopelin, Paul. "Ville patriote et ville martyre : une histoire religieuse de Lyon pendant la Révolution (1788-1805)." Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_chopelin_p.pdf.
Full textAs a catholic metropolis of major importance, Lyon is an excellent site for studying both the religious and urban aspects of the French Revolution. The parochial context then changes radically in order to adapt to the evolution of the society. The clergy are less numerous whereas, by force of circumstance, the laity are assigned a more active part in the life of the Church and become real militants. Conversely, during the revolutionary period, a large number of the population detach themselves from Catholicism and, at the same time, emerges an anticlerical opinion, just as militant. The characteristic elements of the contemporary religious scene in Lyon are set up : the public space becomes an area of confrontation between catholic militancy and anticlerical militancy. But, faced with the violence which bathes the city in blood from 1792 until 1795, the population of Lyon also learns to compromise and restrain themselves on both political and religious matters
Cseppentö, Istvan. "Les romans de l'émigration (1789-1815)." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040049.
Full textThe thesis intends to analyse french emigration novels of the revolutionary and imperial era following two majors units. The first one presents the literary topic of emigration in the novels which remains linked to the political reality of the late eighteenth-century France. .
Coquard, Claude, and Claudine Durand-Coquard. "Société rurale et Révolution : l'apport des actes de deux justices de paix de l'Allier (1791- fin de l'an VI)." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL006.
Full textThe author lead her research with Mr Claude Coquard. Her study relates to the contribution of the justice of the peace acts to the history of people in a peculiar rural world. The corpus is initially described in details and classed according to the conciliation magistrate fonctions. Civil justice acts stand for 78% of the corpus. Peace office acts represent 6%; free justice acts 12% and the count of summary juridiction acts 4%. Reasons for requests are in each case precised. If the acts are numerous at the beginning of the period, the number is falling down during the radical convention and explodes in 1797. Different angles are used to describe the individuals, a lot of accurate details can be found about death and life: births, surgeon cares, suspicious deaths, orphans faith. Because of many homonyms, the accurate identification of the persons was very difficult. Women's role is put into value : the importance of the costum which makes married women infants, new laws are hardly used eventhough present : a litigant out of eight is a woman. Family is very present, mostly united but also at times teared up by inheritance conflicts. Endogamy is frequent. Near in blood communities and work communities have got difficulties to survive. Manners of life are sketched ; food is often bought on credit, mainly made of bread and wine. Clothes - made out of hemp and wool - are threadbare and made on the premises. The habitat is miserable or wealthy. The author presents a local weights and mesures board as well, with the possibility of looseness. Many further portraits complete the study : a conciliation magistrate, a landowner, a middle- class family, a day labourer, a tradeswoman, a shopkeeper. The entire work constitute a rich source not well exploited untill now
Chambon, Pascal. "Du consulat à la seconde Restauration : l'exemple d'une société provinciale entre guerre et paix : le département de la Loire." Saint-Etienne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STET2049.
Full textThe Loire departement offers a twofold interest at the beginning of the 19th century. Geographically speaking, it is far from the frontiers of the empire. Economically speaking important metallurgical and textile sectors, have already florished making of the departement one of the primary industrial areas in France. That distance from the frontiers ties it to the centre of France, an area which it is linked up with, as far of culture is concerned, between northern France and southern France, between franco-provencal and provencal. Is the industrial dynamism of Loire - the manufacture of arms being one of its best specialities - in connection with the napoleonic administration, or is it the religious traditions and the still globally rural structures of its society that makes it opt for a more traditional choice in politics ? Our study consisted in confronting socio economic data, which we analysed in a 1st part, with the shock that represented the setting of conscription in a departement with no clear military tradition. Does the refusal to be enroled so often recalled by successive prefects, and studied in our 2nd part, reveal profond differences ? Does it partake of an opposition to the state or to the established political system ? We've kept track of several dozens of conscripts and analysed the reactions of rural communities ; this leads us to think that the majority accepted integration into the state, even if some areas in the departement showed more political opposition. Lastly, the fact thas the Loire was twice invaded by foreign troops in 1814 and 1815 allows us, in a 3rd part, to confront what we know about this society in times of peace with what it abruptly discovers in wartime. Moreover, in 1814 and particulary in 1815, the absence of central power enables an estimation of the political forces, and above all, the weight and efficacy of the social structures which frame the population at the very beginning of the contemporary era
Gaven, Jean-Christophe. "Le crime de lèse-nation : histoire d'une brève incrimination politique, 1789-1791." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10051.
Full textThe judicial history of political repression often turns its attention to the Terror episode. In return, it has been few written about the organization of a first political justice experience by the Constituent Assembly between 1789 and 1791. However, these three years show an intense activity linked to the protection of the national sovereignty, proclaimed in 1789. The first political overthrows of the Revolution introduce immediately a major innovation: the consecration of the crime of lèse-nation. Prepared during the General Estates, when recognition and protection of the rights of the nation appear in the debates and in the fears of the Third Estate deputies, the emergence of the new incrimination expels the crime of lèse-majesté and ushers in the organization of a provisory judicial and extra-judicial repression. Considering the political debates, the judicial archives and the correspondence of different protagonists - defendants, ministers, magistrates, pleaders - the study of speeches, texts and practices brings a moderate experience to light, linked to the spirit of judicial reforms and subject to tensions
Iafelice, Michel. "Les résistances à la domination française dans le pays Niçois (1792-1814)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A011.
Full textWe considered the major methods of procedure of the refusal of the french occupation in the county of nice, possession of the kingdom of sardaigna : the anti-revolutionaly movement of the "barbets" named after the contrivers of a relentless struggle against the representatives of the french state from 1792 to 1814. The traditional historiography seems to be in a great disagreement to explain the real existence of these rebeld opposed to the authority of a power errelevant to the county tradition. Consequently hence we had to mythification to go bey ond that tendency of making amyth out of this phemenon which is specific to the nice area and to analyse scrupulusly from various sources scattered in numerous record offices. (narrative sources, reports from local administrations sources from the repression against "barbets"). The setting of actions of the barbets is firt located in the center and east part of the new "departement" officially created on february 4 th 1793
Achaintre, Christophe. "L'instance législative dans la pensée constitutionnelle révolutionnaire (1789-1799)." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR1002.
Full textThe Revolution was a period of French History particularly rich in constitutional experiments, during which the legislative power took several forms. First attributed to a complex body in 1791, comprised of the King and an assembly, the legislative power was then assigned o a unique assembly of lawmakers, in the frame of the 1793 constitution. As for the constitution makers at work after the 9 Thermidor, they split the legislative power so as to obtain either a bicamerism with full legislative power, or a legislative polyarchy. This broad picture leaves an impression of disorder or at least of discontinuity in the work of French Revolutionaries, discarding the vision of a unique legislative institution from 1789 to 1799. And yet, the crossed examination of the various constitutive works of this period demonstrates a unique conception of the legislative body, which would be part of the Revolutionary constitutional thinking. The conception actually did not result in a frozen legislative body, nevertheless it was built gradually and by successive steps during the Revolution. Based on a unique Government system, it was fuelled by a double move : celebration, then dilution of monocamerism
Pingué, Danièle. "Jacobins et jacobinisme en Normandie orientale : les sociétés politiques dans l'Eure et en Seine-Inférieure, 1790-1795." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL255.
Full textSeveral hundreds of thousands of citizens were members of more than 5500 political clubs in France between 1790 and 1795. These clubs took part in some sort of political life from which present day political parties were issued. This unprecedented phenomenon is analysed through Eastern Normandy, a region in which clubs were particulary numerous. The network of political societies in this region is remarkable in three ways: it is the most developed in Northern France, the last to organize itself and among the first to be unified. A survey carried on 8759 people shows that membership was both massive and mainly bourgeois in Northern Normandy. As early as 1791, these clubs were centres of political action with a twofold purpose: spreading civic virtues an fighting the enemies of the revolution. During the 2nd year of the republic, they became, like anywhere, else in the country, the only places where local people and agents from the paris government could debate and they held all local power wherever they existed. Acting as the representatives of the revolutionary government but also as spokesmen for local people, they can be considered as the instruments of some kind of democracy while elections were suspended
Maurette-Mondet, Samantha. "La "peur" d'avril 1792 dans le département du Gard : rumeurs et brûlements de châteaux." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30010.
Full textSaphore, Céline Anne. "La jurisprudence criminelle de la Cour de cassation sous la Révolution et l'Empire (1790-1810)." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40027.
Full textChaillou, David. "La politique sur la scène : histoire des oeuvres créées à l'Académie impériale de musique de 1810 à 1815." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040208.
Full textThis thesis adresses the relationship between music and power during French First Empire by examining the operas and ballets created at the Academie Imperiale de Musique from 1810 to 1815. It deals more precisely with the role of the institution and its major actors (director, composers and librettists), the process of selecting the operas and ballets, the role of censorship, the main themes of the plays and the reactions of the public
Rio, Patrick. "Population et religion catholique dans les paroisses d'Ille-et-Vilaine de 1789 a 1815." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20014.
Full textFirst, we wanted to reestimate the weight of the religious fact in the building of "l'esprit public" of the rural inhabitants of the Ille-et-Vilaine. So, the sudden change of population first favourable toward revolution, become more comprehensible. In fact there was a bad listening of the rurals. Revolutionnariste made confusion between a reformist spirit and a revolutionnarist one. A study of the "cahiers de doleances de la senechaussee de Rennes", has convinced us that people were generally moderate. Principally, because of the municipality’s registrars, we could look at the hiatus between political national evolutions and their assimilation in the rural spaces. The study has convinced us that "Ille-et-Vilaine", in 1789, there wasn't any fatality for acceptation or reject of the revolution. Revolutionnarists couldn't or didn't want to hear the ambiguous waitings of the ruralunhabitants, who wanted to keep liberty for religion. A big rupture was born from this reciprocal incomprehension. We have chosen to study these important points of Ille-et-Vilaine's history : the first municipal elections, the "constitution civile du clerge", the republican religions and dechristianisation under terreur and modalities of concordat, what has incited us to reduce the importance of apolitical fact only national. We get two conclusions : that religion is something about identity of the rural communities, and its high capacity to transcender the political oppositions
Teyssier, Éric. "La question des biens nationaux a travers le cas ardechois : bilan historiographique et analyse d'un enjeu revolutionnaire." Montpellier 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON30007.
Full textAntunes, Isabelle. "Les administrations de district, un rouage majeur des relations politiques au temps de la Révolution (1790-1795) : L’exemple de la Normandie (Manche, Orne, Eure, Calvados, Seine-Inférieure)." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL028.
Full textDean, Rodney. "Histoire de l'Eglise constitutionnelle dans la métropole de Paris depuis la fin de la Terreur en juillet 1794 jusqu'à la clôture du premier concile national en novembre 1797." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040165.
Full textIn the autumn of 1795 some members of the constitutional church met in paris to organise the re-establishment of public worship in france. The idea seems to have occured first to abbe clement, but he was encouraged by the doctor charles saillant. Abbe gregoire joined the group in december and shortly afterwards he gave a speech in which he demanded freedom of worship. This freedom was granted grudgingly by the national convention and the 'eveques reunis' drew up a first encyclical letter in march in which they established some rules for the organisation of the new constitutional church. In the next few months some churches in paris were re-opened. Of course the constitutionals had to face the hostility of the refractory priests, who benefited from the same laws and settled in other parishes in the capital. Despite the difficulties, presbyteries were formed in paris and versailles, but the attempt to elect a bishop of versailles failed. Under the directory, the church faced the same anticlerical hostility as before, but the situation improved after the appointment of cochon as minister of police in april 1796. A second encyclical letter, published in december 1795, encouraged the organisation of the new church, but relations with the pope remained bad. Through its weekly newspaper the 'eveques reunis' managed to spread their ideas. Clement was finally elected bishop of versailles in february 1797, but the paris church remained without a bishop. Pierre thuin, bishop of meaux, rallied to the constitutional cause in 1796 and helped prepare the first national council in august 1797, this council was the fruit of the efforts of a group of christians, who were motivated by their gallican feelings but also urged on by the conviction that their faith had to be expressed fully in a republican society
Leguillois, Robert. "Paris-province : sociologie de la population parisienne pendant la Révolution française d'après les cartes de sureté." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010517.
Full textParis has always been inhabited by people from the provinces. The central event of modern history, the french revolution, has been instigated by those provincial frenchmen, together with the true born Parisians and some foreigners. It is meaningful to try to get a better knowledge of these men through the cartes de surete of the sections still kept in the archives nationales. The computer recording of 14. 260 cartes de surete from the sections droits de l'homme, temple, pantheon and bondy led to the drawing and analysis of 370 charts, 188 maps and 44 graphics. The data processing of these materials provided elements for an analysis of the profession, place of birth, adress, age, date of arrival in Paris and the reason for their migration of a significant sample of the population who, at different levels, took part in the french revolution in Paris betwen 1792 and 1794. It made posible to dispute the traditional wisdom of an almost entirely Parisian movement. More than 70% of the Parisians in those years came from the provinces north of the loire. In the main the french revolution has been brought about by people from the northen half of the country
Sottocasa, Valérie. "Mémoires affrontées : protestants et catholiques face à la Révolution dans les montagnes du Languedoc." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17147.
Full textThe historians do know well the popular resistances to the French Revolution in West France; but the attitudes of the southern populations are still ignored, specially in the mountains. Here Revolution stirred up early and violent conflicts, previous to the Vendean insurrection. As soon as 1790, a spiral of violences raise up, and continue until 1815. The present work had to understand its roots, to grasp the forms and modalities of its expression. The judicial series belonging to revolutionary archives have been analysed, and a basis of data realized : the popular movements have been indexed, showing the force of the antagonisms during the Revolution. Diagrams and maps reveal the existence of an authentic demarcation line between revolutionary and refractory countries. This political frontier repeats another one, older : the religious frontier between protestants and catholics. Soon brought over to the Reform, the Cévennes are a protestant bastion the revocation of the Edit de Nantes and the following persecutions could not penetrate. Revolutionary protestants and counter-revolutionary catholics ? The link between politic and religion had to be analysed. In a second stage, the present work focuses on religious history of the southern mountains, in order to weigh the impact of the revolutionary crisis upon sensibilities and political experiences. These mountains had sustained long and recurrent wars of religion : the Revolution appeared to them like a new moment of these fratricide struggles. Their remembrance clearly had an impact upon political behaviours during the Revolution. Religious, judicial and literary sources from the XVIth, XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries have been analysed : this regressive investigation allowed to show the strength of the remembrance populations had kept about the old recurrent conflicts between protestants and catholics : wars of Duke of Rohan (1620-1629) and rebellion of the Camisards (1702-1705) deeply marked minds and sensibilities in southern mountains. The Revolution appeared in these countries as a religious crisis, and awoke ancestral hates : it imposed a confessional reading of the facts, until the last decades of the XIXth century
Andro, Gaïd. "Une génération au service de l'Etat : histoire institutionnelle et étude prosopographique des procureurs généraux syndics de la Révolution française (1780-1830)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL015.
Full textPigeard, Alain. "Le service des vivres dans les armées du Premier Empire 1804-1815 (armée de terre)." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040045.
Full textAfter seizing power on 18 Brumaire, Bonaparte set to reorganizing the army he had inherited from the old regime and the revolution. Of all the reforms, the service of provisions, sorely extended during the campaigns of 1792 to 1799 would receive particular attention right up until the end of the Empire. Two distinct ministries would be created: the ministry of war and the ministry of war administration; with the service of provisions depending on the latter (the precise designation was to change frequently). The war administrators corps, created on the 29th of January, 1800, would have the highly demanding task of organizing the supply of troops that would roam throughout the European continent. The vast size of the armies and the increasingly distant campaigns would force napoleon to use inexact methods (requisitioning, special levying). The severest shortages would be felt during the Polish (1807), Russian (1812) Spanish and Portuguese (1807-1813) campaigns; the absence of provisions would sometimes be replaced by looting. Even with the best imperial will, the system never functioned correctly; the cost of the wars being a factor of considerable importance. The soldier was all too often forced to improvise; the Napoleonic wars would serve as
Pigeard, Alain. "La loi Jourdan-Delbrel du 19 fructidor an VI : application et évolution en France du 5 septembre 1798 au 4 juin 1814." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD001.
Full textThis act dated on fructidor 19th in the year VI (september 5th 1798), upon general Jourdan's proposition based on the following principles : in case of danger in homeland, all the citizens had to do their military service, the length of which was unlimited. French young men aged 20 to 25 were all concerned. Replacement was authorised and from the year x, conscription became the recruiting system of armies. The opposition to that system concerned (tougher from 1812) and according to the regions, (the south west of France was more opposed to conscription). The law passed on fructidor 8th in the year XIII settles the drawing lots, the legal exemptions and authorizes replacement. A lot of draft evaders or rebellions people (about 1/4) refused to obey these military duties. So, "mobile columns" of soldiers and men at arms were set up to track those who refused to go. In spite of the laws of amnesty, the opposition always remained rather sharp. The number of conscripts between 1804 and 1813 was 2 432 335 men, a great number of whom never rejoined the depots. That law was abroged by the 1st restauration in 1814 and restored in 1818 in the name of Gouvion Saint-Cyr act
Biron, Marie-Paule. "Les Messes clandestines pendant la Révolution en France." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040472.
Full textUnderground masses have existed for about ten years, from 1792 to 1802 with two climaxes, the first one during the reign of terror and the second one during the persecution which followed the coup d'État of "Fructidor an V". No legislation ruled these masses but they were closely observed because they enabled to unmask priests who were the only ones to be aimed at. Moreover these masses pointed out the different way how priests and the faithful managed to reconcile what was hard to match up to that time, that is to say "mass" and "clandestinity". They appeared as one of the most significant aspects of the catholic resistance. They were typical of a movement of Eucharistic devotion and adhesion to the sacred heart doctrine, a movement which was not new but which the circumstances confirmed in the souls. These mass(es) had a great impact on the mind of those who took part in them, brought a come-back to religions practice and favored conversions. They contributed to engagements of entering into religion life and to the creation of institutes and congregations. They have been at the origin of a renewal of fervor as certained by many testimonies. The impression they made was so strong that some people remained attached
Margrave, Christie L. "Women and nature in the works of French female novelists, 1789-1815." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6391.
Full textCrépin, Annie. "Levées d'hommes et esprit public en Seine-et-Marne de la Révolution à la fin de l'Empire (1791-1815)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010510.
Full textRevolution created national army that directory institutionalised by Jourdan law wich became basis of consular and imperial conscription. Departments attitude was very diverse in front of conscription, like in front of first levy in 1791. Seine-Et-Marne, very near the capital of centralizing state, is also a rich region of cerealicultur, whose economic and social structures are already modern. The progress of levies and requisitioning is well and quickly accepted even requisitioning of 300. 000 men. The attitude of department was exactly the same during conscription of consulat and empire which didn't give rise to important opposition or rebelliousness. Conscription was well accepted because it wasn't a too heavy demographic burden neither a constraint for these salaried employees who composed the majority of conscripts
Hermant, Maxime. "La religion dans la ville : histoire relieuse de Provins pendant la Révolution et l’Empire (1789-1815)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100107.
Full textProvins (Seine-et-Marne) was marked by a quiet Revolution. The city was almost completely free of any manifestation of violence. In religious matters, the successive policies of the assemblies generated divisions and concerns. People rose against the new parishes, while priests and vicars were divided about the constitutional oath (1790-1792). Canons, monks and nuns left the churches. Abbeys and convents, which were subsequently sold, were reused for secular purpose and even destroyed. As the political situation became radicalized, after the fall of the monarchy in August 1792 and the proclamation of the Republic in september, State and deputies voted coercive measures against the clergy. Much of clergymen were sent to prison in 1793-1794. Restrictions also limited religious practice. Indeed, worship were prohibited in public spaces and all churches were momentarily closed. How the people of Provins reacted to these changes? Moderation and reconciliation seem define behaviours. After Terror, all parts of the Provins’ clergy joined their forces to ensure worship in churches again, beyond the theological and political disputes. Thanks to this soothed situation, the first bishops of XIXth century led a successful policy in order to reorganize local Church and give back to the Catholic religion and spiritual authority the dominant position they previously occupied in minds and in society
Debbasch, Roland. "Le principe révolutionnaire d'unité et d'indivisibilité de la république : essai d'histoire politique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32052.
Full textThe principle of a one and indivisible republic constitutes one of mainstays of the french constitution. It is the heritage of a long monarchic tradition but it was the french revolution that did give it its present form and consistency. A history of this revolutionary principle had, so far, never been achieved. Such was the object of the present thesis. Mainly focused upon the revolutionary period, it also takes into account the contributions of the following periods and endeavours to have the historical method applied to the appreciation and investigation of positive law. After providing fuel to the conflict between the girondins and the jacobins, the principle of this one and indivisible character was maintained through a long succession of political regimes. It constitutes a permanent element of the political discourse and of the juridical structure. In spite of a few constitutional changes it remains today faithfully linked to its revolutionary origins. Involving the unity of the sovereignty and that of the country, it evinces a wealth of consequences on the whole of our public law
Guerrin, Yann. "Insubordination et opposition en Ille-et-Vilaine de 1800 à 1848." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20014.
Full textAs a Breton department, Ille-et-Vilaine suffered the uphe avals linked with the counterrevolutionary troubles. Even though bonaparte and his successors strived to restaure confidence amid the population, the scars of that civil war remain visible. The political tendencies of the people in the department remain very violent. Similarly, the way of life engendered by the chouan cause was never totally abandonned and the hopes and fears of an uprising remain constant throughout the first half of the 19th century. Because of this, the civil and military authorities are frequently challenged and sometimes even, more or less openly, fought. The study of all these challenges to authority leads one to consider that the population of ille-et-vilaine is one whose behaviour, tempered by benefits from the revolution, has remained true to the ancien regime. Because of this, it has at its disposal numerous means of slowing down or sometimes preventing the enforcement of government decisions
Seigan, Kôbô. "La conscription dans le departement de la seine-inferieure (an vi - 1815)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010608.
Full textFirst of all, it's advisable to note the quantitative importance of the conscripts during the war of the revolution and of the empire. In the case of seine-inferieure, napoleon required that the half number of young people who had not been exempted should serve his army. In this way, numerous levies made the many conscripts leave for the army, and progressively brought the population to get used to the conscription and the army. Nevertheless, the conscription generated equally insoumis and deserters. Their action, supported by the local community, was very dynamic especially under the directory. That showed the indifference of the general public toward the military service, the french army, and the destiny of the nation-state. Then, napoleonic authorities finally succeeded in reducing effectively the number of the conscript rebels. The common people were thus obliged to be interested in the army and to implicate themselves in the fate of france. However, a part of the seine-inferieure population bypassed the conscription by means of fraud. The imperial gouvernement could not easily suppress such fraud as simulated illness, voluntary mutilation, the fabrication of fake documents, and the corruption of civil servants. All the same, the fraudsters were also interested in the conscription, although the sense of their interest was not the same as the one from the authorities
Gaussen, David. "Faire de l’histoire à l’époque romantique : histoire nationale, nouvelle histoire (France, 1789-1848)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0125.
Full textBefore being nationalist, the history of France was national. In opposition to the monarchical history, scientists are looking at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to the story of all components of society. It is this epistemological revolution I try to explore in this thesis, in wich I put forward several little –known characters (Amans-Alexis Monteil, Félix Bourquelot, Eugène Garay de Monglave, etc. ) but have each played a important role in this process
Gamblin, Claude. "Les réfugiés de la Révolution française en Grande-Bretagne vus à travers l'iconographie contemporaine : 1789-1819." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030108.
Full textBeyond the schematic representation of the emigre fleeing the french revolution, desperately seeking for a refuge in the british isles, and keeping steadily in mind as an everyday concern the search for a decent living and the gleaning of some intellectual materials capable of nourishing his vaguely melancholic spirit, there is a lot more to know about his life, considering how he is described through the literature of his time, his own letters gathered among a great deal of libraries, and most important of all, the caricatures made of him -- caricaturing being at that time a profitable handicraft in full expansion -- the characteristics of caricatures requiring a preliminary diagnosis of the different manners of representing the subject, not only from an epistemelogical point of view, but also from a morphological one, when refering to the perception the caricatursits has of reality, sensation and imagination
Daumas, Philippe. "Familles en révolution : 1775-1825 : recherches sur les comportements familiaux des populations rurales d'Ile-de-France : de l'Ancien Régime à la Restauration." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17525.
Full textThe revolutionary laws on family belonged to a regenerating undertaking whose goal was not only to destroy the Ancient Regime institutions but also to change man himself, in order to make this change irreversible. Did this policy ; which put into question life customs and mentalities in line with a " long time process ", have real effects on the people's living conditions ? Observing family life in eleven villages of Ile-de-France between 1775 and 1825 through many sources (such as registers of births and catholic community, notarial and judicial archives) shows the importance of the changes that took place in the cultural practices. The major consequence of the French Revolution was the decline of the religious hold on family everyday life. This made it possible for the people to express a greater indivudual freedom in many parts of their life ; for instance, the choice of the husband or wife, choice of the children's first name, sex out of marriageAs the principle of freedom imposed itself more than the one of equality, the increasing individualism modified the family relations by favouring the personal links and the feelings over the collective constraints. Although still a minority, the innovative attitudes advanced, and most of all, spread to all the social classes. However, changes and continuities seemed to be less struggling than coexisting in a complex and often ambiguous relationship. These developments were not linear. After the cultural changes imposed by the Revolution, came a period of partial backward tendency, linked to the napoleonic policy. But the years 1810-1815 marked the beginning of a new wave of change, checked by almost all of the indicators. This " second cultural revolution ", whose actors appeared to be the children of the Revolution, seemed to be deep and irreversible
Hould, Claudette. "La gravure revolutionnaire : diffusion et propagande." Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0315.
Full textPrints produced during the french revolution (1789-1799), their relation to political events, their utilization as means ofpropaganda for or against the revolution: a corpus of 6 000 prints, illustrated by 250 prints reproduced and commented in the catalogue of the exhibition images of the french revolution (french edition images de la revolution francaise), musee du quebec, 1989. The artistic, social and legal status of printmakers and their century old struggle to defend their artistic status, to obtain the legal recognition of copyright as well as against censorhip. Study of the content - historical and political - of the prints, of their material aspects and their diffusion. Calling into question the authenticity of the political commitment of printmakers and situating their patriotism in a context of political constraint. The intervention of the government in the arts, restricted to public speeches and described in the official documents (mainly in the acts of the committee of public safety) has been compromised in actual practive by the reality of the revolution
Murphy, Gwénael. "Femmes de Dieu et Révolution Française dans le diocèse de Poitiers." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0061.
Full textThis study offers to reconstruct trajectories of Poitiers diocese nuns who, at the number of 1100, were alive during the French Revolution. The subject, to combine methods of micro-history, prosopography, daily story and statistics studies, with precise and signify whole, what were nuns choices during the French Revolution. Wanted not contradict but supplement what we still know, this work try to show, by crossing all possible archives, that choices of nuns were not unanimous and the majority tilt to accept the secularisation. Assertion which isn’t postulate at the beginning, but results from searchs. Otherwise, we want to show how French Revolution was alive by « ordinary » women and alterations it would provoke in their daily life
Ségala, Solange. "L'activité des autorités administratives départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône de 1790 à 1792." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32004.
Full textThe Constituante confide the regulation of fiscal, electoral, public works and national poerty affairs in litigation to departmental administrations; this study of archives shows an administration protecting the rights of private persons, using largely his powers, even if in reality she distinguishes hardly the contentious and administrative activities. As for this latter, the department tries to rule the conflicts by conciliation : efficient for small municipal troubles, this "paternal administration" is revealed inadequate during the serious revolutionary agitation who attains the South. Paralyzed by his collegiality, losing an obedient police, depending on public opinion by his elective character, the administration is disavowes a first time by executive power who annuls, by a proclamation of Conseil d'Etat, somes of resolutions in 1791. Suspended by the legislative, members of the directoire are convoked to Paris in march 1792 in order to explain their inaction. But mean time the patriote will transfered by strength the administration from Aix to Marseille, putting her under the control of jacobin club
Jaume, Lucien. "Le discours jacobin et la politique moderne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0005.
Full textThis study involves both a political and a historical assessment of major Jacobin speeches, from the beginning of the French revolution up to Robespierre's fall from power -9 Thermidor, an II. I have reckoned that French jacobinism provided an appropriate observatory to examine the birth, basic assumptions and ambiguous character of modern democracy; indeed, the Jacobin movement should be replaced within the close bounds of the French political context, as is clearly shown in chapter number four by a comparison with the American federalist papers. All collected data have been processed according to three main headlines: individualism, sovereignty, and representation - a method derived from an earlier book on Hobbes (Hobbes et l'Etat representa- tif moderne, Paris, P. U. F. ,1986). Obviously the Jacobins, like most revolutionaries, did not propound a clear-cut, let alone a lasting concept of representation. This derives first and foremost from the French notion of sovereignty. I have equally checked the existence of a monist pattern of sovereignty, inherited from the role of the crown in an absolute monarchy and the roman catholic background. This explains the Jacobins' handling of political representation, in its multifarious aspects at the time. Moreover that process went through several stages. At first, while in opposition, the Jacobins dissociated genuine popular sovereignty from "alienation", a surrender of people's rights into the hands of their representatives. But once their Girondin opponents had been eliminated - June 2,1793 they came to adopt a concept of representation which emphasized their legitimacy and fully assimilated their power to that of the people. This might be related to Rousseau in the first case (sovereignty vs representation) and to Hobbes in the second (sovereignty equals representation), but still, the real issue hinged on the unity of the people. Modern democracy seems to foster doubts on the positive effects of representation for popular sovereignty, including the drift towards egalitarian "despotism". In fact, this statement should be modified by a revaluation of the liberal creed of 1789 (see Lally-Tollendal), and the comparison with the American constitution as analysed by Madison, Hamilton and Jay. Montesquieu and his followers may help solve the Jacobin contradiction between the two models from Rousseau and Hobbes
Patin, Christelle. "Les restes humains dans les musées : anthropologie et histoire des collections françaises (XIXe-XXIe siècle)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0608.
Full textSince 1990, human remains of anthropological collections in museums give rise to arguments. That thesis compare current historiographic interpretations to a precise reconstitution of the scientific and social life of French collections, till gathering of corpse, transportation, transformation, public display to current return. Anatomic body of Saartjie Baartman, the "Hottentot Venus", and the skull of the kanak leader Ataï, constitute both biographies of that research
Boudin, Michel. "Les commissaires des guerres du Consulat et de l'Empire." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040252.
Full text1800-1815. The commissariat was living the last fifteen years of a four-century long existence. This institution on the verge of the Consulat was then rich in the old regime reforms and had been given a text which synthetized all the past experiences by the Directoire. But this legislative and statutory masterpiece didnté thwart embezzlement whatsoever. To attend to what was most urgent, the Premier Consul created what was and is still called "Inspection aux Revues" and thus deprived the Commissariat Officers of the most important historic part of their functions (responsabilities). But what might have seemed to be dismantling of the commissariat yielded rather disappointing results. A close inspection of the Ordonnateurs' personal individual files and the study of the intendants' roles in the Consulat as well as in the military campaigns from the Empire era, let us foresee the real world the administrateurs used to live in. The fictious attractiveness of the commissaire's profession fails in hiding the misery caused by their living conditions and in making people forget their long living execrable reputation of inefficiency and dishonesty. Such a situation had been partly inherited from the former regimes but had been highly maintained by the patent fiasco of the imperial military administration together with the high command duplicity, thus easing their responsability for the soldiers' deprivation and transferring it onto these civil servants
Cottebrune, Anne. "Mythe et réalité du "jacobinisme allemand" : "des amis de la révolution" face à l'épreuve de la réalité révolutionnaire : limites des transferts culturels et politiques du jacobinisme." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0011.
Full textMünch, Philippe. "Le pouvoir de l'ombre : l'imaginaire du complot durant la Révolution française (1789-1801)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19988.
Full textLévêque, Pierre. "Les officiers de marine du Premier Empire : étude sociale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010630.
Full textThe study of the navy officers of the first empire, a group which reveals important upheavals, is possible thanks to the files of the marine historical service and the navy department of the national archives. Focusing on the lieutenants commanders of 1811 we can distinguisgh four categories: the former officiers of commerce composed 44% of the total, the former bargee officers 22%, the former officers of the royal navy 2%, the remaining was composed of youths who started their careers as midshipmen. These officers came from a commercial background (37%), were sons of servicemen (13%), nobles formed 8% of the category. These careers, up until achieving the rank of lieutenant commander, followed differents patterns, according to thier professionnal background, thereafter their progression became more uniform. The pursuit of promotion was begun by request. The relations with the sailors were though, sometimes even brutal. These officers served at toulon (1/3 of the total). Brest and Rochefort received 14% and 10% respectively, the squadron of escaut 15%. In 1811, 266 officers out of 1159 were prisoners, most of them in great britain. Their relationships with the native population hung between friendliness and hostility. The most serious cases of discipline were due to the irritable character of the admiral allemand. The authorities had problems enjoining servicemen to wear their uniforms regularly. The weddings, often late, revealed a great amount of endogamy: the fact that autorisation was necessary tells us as Decres wished to avoid mesalliancces. In the face of misbehaviour he wanted to preserve the honour of the corps, this aim was also evident in his tolerance of duelling. The officers, particulary the youngest, often showed insolence in their relations with the civilian population. These officers were very attached to the emperor as could be seen in their attitude to the cent jours. The national sentiment played a large role in this emotional attachment
Bouchard, Aline. "Entre textes parisiens et réalités locales : l'administration départementale du Jura (1790-1793)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649397.
Full textDupuy, Pascal. "L'Angleterre face à la révolution : la représentation de la France et des français à travers la caricature (1789-1802)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL310.
Full textSince the middle of the 18th-century, english caricature was unrivaled in europe. Under the leadership of William Hogarth, english production was known for its creation of signs and symbolic messages, a body of work enriched by a number of exceptional artists. In addition, the seven years war and the american revolution altered some of the themes of caricaturists. Nonetheless, the themes of these prints would bear little in common with the caricatures produced relative to the french revolution. In analyzing the satirical imagery published in great britain between 1789 and 1802, this thesis brings to light 838 caricatures from holdings all over the world. After giving information relative to each print, the works' ideological tendencies are put in relief - fear of a french invasion or a revolution in england, the caricaturists' aspirations and, through them, the expectations of a largely conservative public.
Coste, Laurent. "La difficile gestion municipale d'une grande ville sous l'Empire : Bordeaux de 1805 à 1815." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30040.
Full textBoudon, Julien. "Les Jacobins : une traduction idéologique et institutionnelle des principes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : 1789-1794." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020012.
Full textLhote, Jean. "Aspects de la population de Metz sous le Consulat et l'Empire." Metz, 1989. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1989/Lhote.Jean_1.LMZ892.pdf.
Full textUnder the "consulat" and the "empire", metz took an urban rise, who was real but limited. Its population notes a relativ e increase and the natural movement reveals itself as positive, however depressive. Contraception and "vaccination" prove the development of a new mentality
Gaspard, Claire. "Michelet et les Jacobins." Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA01A037.
Full textCornu, Laurence. "Les mots du politique dans l'invention de la république : 1791-1792." Paris 8, 1999. http://octaviana.fr/document/182423662#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe summer of 1789 : the principles. 21st of september 1792 : the first french republic. Between these two dates, thanks to the initiative of a few men, the republic was invented in june 1791. It is this novelty, in its historical fragility, that will be presented here. As early as the king's flight to varennes, the divergence of opinion between robespierre and the republicans, condorcet, brissot and paine, is very apparent in the institutional propositions concerning representation, and in the way of making political speeches. This new entity in the political sphere, which would be swept away in the turnmoil of the terror, initially tried to resist the categorisation of political terms in an attempt to have real confrontations. The distrust at work in the terror made confidence, or certain kind of confidence, stand out as a little recognised dimension of the political sphere. 'the invention of the republic' disrupts social categories and challenges people to invent new forms of sociability, freed from narcissism, in which political subjects then appear
Bergès, Louis. "La Société civile contre le recrutement à l'époque de la conscription militaire, 1798-1814 : le cas des départements aquitains." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010633.
Full textTThe twelwe southwestern departements of Aquitaine sheltered from the end of the directoire an active resistance to enrollment in the army. Draft dodging was at its highest in 1798-1799 (year an VII of the revolution calendar) and from 1805 to 1807, when Napoléon gained his greatest victories ; it decreased gradually afterwards due to clever forms of repression by the authorities and did not reappear until the very end of the empire, when France was invaded. Draft dodging found a widespread support among civilians that went as far as local authorities and even some prefecture civil servants. At all levels of society, everyone had then favourite way of escaping the law : the sons of the upper class would hire a replacement, the less rich would obtain illegal exemptions, while the poorest were forced to flee from the family home without hope of return. Though the practice of replacement highlights the injustice of the whole arrangement, draft dodging hardly seems to be a reaction of the poverty stricken against the prejudices of the conscription system. It was, finally, all of society that was opposed to conscription and thus supported the draft dodgers. Faced with such opposition, the authorities reacted by mixing firmness, psychology and clemency. But the operations of garrisons and of flying columns heightened an already tense situation. The explosion of collective revolts, notably in the mountain cantons of Ariège and of Haute-Garonne recall the uprisings against the state as tax collector under the ancien regime
Covo, Manuel. "Commerce, empire et révolutions dans le monde atlantique : la colonie de Saint-Domingue, entre métropole et Etats-Unis (ca. 1778-ca. 1804)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0095.
Full textThis dissertation addresses the question of the links between the commercial revolution and the political revolution at the end of the eighteenth century. In particular, it analyses the connected issue of the colonial exclusif and of liberty of trade; as a problem of political economy, as a sum of legal norms and as commercial practices. This enables to shed light on the variety of political associations that emerged in the Age of Revolutions. The case study is the political and economic relationships between the wealthiest colony in the world, Saint-Domingue, the metropole and the United States, From the 1778 French-American alliance to the birth of Haiti i 1804. This dissertation aims at questioning the so-called rise of the nation-state. It disputes the idea that the French Revolution exclusively created a unitary and centralized nation-state, founded on national sovereignty and defined as the political expression of the community of citizens. It also places the United States in its postcolonial history and reminds that independence was not the only possible end to the revolution in Saint-Domingue. This illuminates the multiplicity of imperial experimentations that took place in the Atlantic World at different scales, both within and beyond national borders and in the framework of a globalized economy. Thus, it becomes possible to follow the sinuous paths and crossings of intertwined revolutions
Depoutot, René Prévost Paul. "LA VIE MUSICALE EN LORRAINE (METZ, NANCY ET TOUL, 1770-1810) DE L'ORIGINALITE PROVINCIALE A L'UNIFORMITE FRANCAISE /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Depoutot.Rene.LMZ9713_1.pdf.
Full textUsandivaras, Muriel. "Le théâtre de la Révolution française : étude analytique, historique et socio-critique, 1789-1799." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010672.
Full textThe author attempts to look at the question of the break or the continuity in the theatre of the French revolution (1789-1799), namely the works of the play wrights who were 20 years old in 1789, the generation which witnessed the transition from the enlightenment to romanticism. Their works belong to a period of transition in the theatre which claimed and transformed existing forms of drama which had not been autonomous (vaudeville, melodrama), developed new intermediate genres (drama), created "genres de circonstance" (based on historical and nationalistic events, a republican repertoire), which can be considered the precursors to certain theatrical movements which followed. Identifying a continuity in the theatre between the 18th and 19th centuries does not however hide the profound break with the existing theatrical tradition which the French revolution facilitated, a shift from the spoken word to the visual, a decreasing interest in the text as opposed to the performance, a break which makes theatre "l'art du spectacle" which we know today