Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'François Ier de Médicis'
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Brunon, Hervé. "Pratolino : art des jardins et imaginaire de la nature dans l'Italie de la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349346.
Full textManucci, Carole. "I Ragionamenti de Giorgio Vasari ou l’édifice de la Mémoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3110.
Full textGiorgio Vasari was born on 30 July 1511 ; he died on 27 June 1574. At the end of 1554, he starts to be on the service of Cosimo I de' Medici, the Duke of Florence and he quickly sees himself entrusted with the transformation works of the seigneurial palace into a ducal one. The artist delivers the reading guides of the pictorial cycle deployed on the ceilings and the walls of the famous Florentine monument known as Palazzo Vecchio, in Ragionamenti del Sig. Cavaliere Giorgio Vasari, pittore e architetto aretino, sopra le invenzioni da lui dipinte in Firenze nel Palazzo di loro Altezze Serenissime, a little-known and little-studied work. Written between 1558 and 1567, but only posthumous published in 1588, this text stages Giorgio Vasari and Prince Francesco I de' Medici, the elder son of Cosimo I and Eleonora di Toledo. Under a descriptive hand, in which the word and the image unite, the artist composes a dialogue spread over three days and lead in three emblematic places of the palace: the Elements Area, the Leo X Quarter and the Cinquecento Room. The interest of this work lies in the different reading levels as in the different "dialogues" that it means to suggest. If the rewriting of some mythological episodes, directly viewed in relation to the history of the Medici dysnasty, contributes to the official aim of the work - namely the ducal glorification - the myth preludes, owing to its belonging to an esoteric world, a hidden reading of the Vasarian text that, beyond serving the Medici reign, reveals a memory aura inviting us to comprehend Giorgio Vasari's Ragionamenti as an edifice of Memory
Perifano, Alfredo. "L'alchimie à la cour de Come Ier de Médicis : culture scientifique et système politique." Paris 8, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA080514.
Full textCosmo of medicis (1519-1574) felt a great interest towards alchemy as his contemporaries attest. He devoted himself to an intense activity of distillation and experimentation in his laboratory called "duke's fonderia". Various manuscripts of alchemy dedicated to the duke show this interest and favour towards alchemy at the florence court, as well as the relationship between alchemy, medecine, pharmacology, metallurgy and botanic. Even if alchemy was never admitted as an official science, the presence of her thought and practice at the cosmo's court shows the part played by this science on this specific cultural and scientific context
Hamon, Philippe. "L'argent du Roi : finances et gens de finances en France sous François Ier." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010574.
Full textFrancis I's reign stands for an important step, as far as financial construction of the so-called "modern state" is concerned. It means an increase of needs. Especially because of the wars, building of new taxes and profound administrative reforms. The royal council enlarges its checking about financial management. This must be connected with prosecutions against great financial office-holders, which occurs mainly between 1523 and 1537. However, these office-holders make up a privileged test group to study social destiny and professionnal carrer of the royal staff during the renaissance period
Witkowski, Martine. "François Ier amateur d'art : les collections royales dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040078.
Full textThis study shows the artistic aspect of Francis 1's reign. It presents first the king as a connoisseur (the word collection didn't exist at the renaissance time) and as a mecene. The royal collections are then studied: collections of paintings, sculptures, tapestries, the furniture, the library, the arms' collection, the jewels, the silverware, the small antiquities, the medals, the gems and the natural curiosities. In conclusion we insist on the important role of Francis i in the French renaissance and on what happened to his collections a part of which could be preserved until today
Michon, Cédric. "La Crosse et le Sceptre : les prélats d'Etat sous François Ier et Henri VIII." Le Mans, 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA3006_1.pdf.
Full textOne can observe a striking implication of French and English prelates' in Renaissance France and England. The aim of this thesis is to prove that the prelates active in the royal govemment and administration constitute an informal institution active in all the areas of the State. They constitute what can be labelled the State prelates, that is to say, the prelates devoting most of their activities to the service of the State. There are about thirty in each kingdom. These State prelates constitute the third piIlar of the French and English Monarchy, with the courtiers and the bureaucrats. They ensure explorations of new paths in the study, of the domestic or bureaucratie nature of the monarchy. This work is dedicated to this original elite, closed, sterile, costless, constituted by doctors and gentlemen, heirs and upstarts and subject to the double authority of king and papacy
Ostrovsky-Richard, Charlotte. "De l'événement à l'histoire. Récits et images d'actualité de la victoire de Lépante en Toscane sous le règne de Côme Ier de Médicis." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030150.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on how the news of the victory of the battle of Lepanto was received and dealt with under the rule of Cosimo I de’ Medici in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. This approach will then highlight that, from piece of news to historical information, this event was in fact transformed and discussed by the official Medicean historiography. The Tuscan fleet joined the Holy League in 1571. This coincides with a diplomatic crisis which crystallized the Medici’s contesting the authority of King Philip II of Spain over the vassal state of Tuscany. Cosimo I de’ Medici’s ambitious naval policy led to the creation, in 1560, of the Sacred Military Order of St Stephen and when, in 1569, Pope Pius V granted him the title of Grand Duke on the grounds of hereditary right, along with a military agreement to support the Order, his dynastic policy was finally asserted. The papal banner acknowledged a prestigious alliance between the Republic of Venice, Spain and the Pope. Being part of this Holy League offered Tuscany an opportunity to legitimate the Medicean princedom. The Battle of Lepanto may be considered as an event, that is to say, an unexpected military and political fact. The representations of this brilliant victory epitomize the diplomatic stakes of the time and the way the event was celebrated highlights its power issues. In fact, in the narratives and images of the Battle, what prevails is the strength of the alliance and not what it stood up against. Yet, works dedicated to the Battle in Tuscany were not as diverse and lasting as in other parts of Italy such as Rome and Venice. Medicean historians and artists gave a nuanced version of the Battle, mirroring a general trend of discretion. Their voices thus disrupted the harmonious celebrations which came after the event and challenged the dichotomy of victory versus defeat. Tuscan representations of the event drew their inspiration from an archival material made of diplomatic and military letters. Just off the battlefield, the protagonists of the combat put their experience down into words. They exposed that the Holy League was seriously dysfunctional and gave a first-hand testimony of the war and of how heavy the losses were for the Order. The news of the victory, but also its details, quickly and widely spread thanks to avvisi a stampa, a new editorial practice consisting in occasional publications extolling the grandeur of the victory. This thesis contends that the publications in Tuscany were ruled by a particular editorialist choice. In fact, it appears that the grand-ducal official press remained neutral and published mainly canonical versions of the Battle, praising both the papal and Spanish roles, but which overlooked the Tuscan participation, whereas narratives extolling the Tuscan input in the battle were handled by minor typographers. Furthermore the event made its way into the official historiography of the grand dukedom. In a chapter from Giovambattista Adriani’s Istoria de’ suoi tempi, which relates the official history of Cosimo’s rule, the Battle of Lepanto is described as a "semi-victory". On the other hand, it was treated as a grand victory by Giorgio Vasari in the series of frescos he painted for the Sala Regia in the Vatican palace. As a matter of fact, Cosimo, instead of having the Battle, and many other of his military feats, commemorated in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, decided to send the official artist of the State to the Vatican as a cultural ambassador. Arts seemed a better way to serve the State than weapons
Zvereva, Alexandra. "La collection de portraits au crayon de Catherine de Médicis : reconstitution et analyse socio-culturelle." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040095.
Full textThe art of portrait drawings was specific to France in the 16th century and is closely associated with the birth itself of independent portraiture. A big collector of portraits, Catherine de' Medici was known to be the heir to a tradition which dated back to King René and to Charles VIII and was practiced by François I. This tradition consisted of small collections of portrait drawings representing relatives and favorites. The collection of Catherine de' Medici was, however, very different to these small collections, not only by its extraordinary scope (many hundreds of sheets), but above all by its composition which excluded all bad copies, keeping only the best works mostly from the workshops of Jean and François Clouet, and by its arrangement which became the standard for collections in the following centuries. This study puts forward a detailed analysis of the collection and included a catalogue raisonné of drawings belonging to it, which are today scattered across many museums
Nawrocki, François. "L'amiral Claude d'Annebault : faveur du roi et gouvernement du royaume sous les règnes de François Ier et d'Henri II." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040057.
Full textClaude d’Annebault (c. 1495-1552) was one of the major figures of the reign of Francis I. Governor of Piedmont, lieutenant at the government of Normandy, marshal and admiral of France, French leading negotiator for the treaties of Crépy and Ardres, he carried out the direction or “superintendance” of the main political matters at the end of this reign (1543-1547). The reconstruction of the life and career of this man, forgotten by the History, clarifies the role of the “favorite counselor” in the middle of the 16th century, as a keystone of the political system and main recipient of king’s favour, as well as it reveals the mutual bonds between high level of responsibilities and favour granted and demonstrated. Thus appear the meaning and the purpose of a system of government based on one favorite counselor, so personally related to the king that he could almost personify himself as a royal alter ego
Paresys, Isabelle. "Pardonner et punir : justice criminelle et construction de l'obéissance en Picardie et en Île-de-France sous François Ier." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010668.
Full textThe rights to pardon to punish represent two forms of judicial power possessed by the king of France. The reign of Francis I was characterized by a legislative effort aiming to make criminal justice more efficient in order to reinforce royal authority. An old tradition, the pardoning of crimes by lettres of grace was not forsaken, even if these letters were hardly granted any longer, except to those who committed homicides. The numerous exculpatory letters accorded under this regime, which testify to the king's willingness to exercice his right to pardon, served to strengthen the links between the sovereign and his subjects. The first part of the thesis examines the mechanics of the judicial system under francis i and studies the ways in which the regime both pardoned and repressed crimes in Picardy and Ile-de-France. The second part of study centers on the methods used to pardon homicides, paying particular attention both to authors of crimes and to the acts of aggression that resulted in brawls. Here, the study shows both criminals' accounts of crimes can be revelatory of man's relationship to time and space during the Renaissance. Moreover, the study discusses how the pardoned homicide casts light on the tensions and solidarities surronding honor (a privilege belonging not exclusively to gentlemen) and family lineages. The third part of this thesis goes on to examine the function of municipal justice, which strongly influenced both civil and criminal affairs in Amiens during the first part of the sixteenth-century. Repression varied not only according to patterns that were similar to those found in the large cities of neighboring low-countries, but also according to the economic and social conditions which slowly deteriorated over time. Urban magistrates still preferred to fine delinquants and permit them to reintegrate themselves into the social fabric, saving harsh punishments for incorrigible criminals
Kieffer, Fanny. "Ferdinando I de Médicis (1587-1609) et les Offices : Création et fonctionnement de la Galleria Dei Lavori." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2011.
Full textThe Uffizi, emblematic monument of the Florentine Renaissance, are still, in spite of their fame, oddly unknown. Considered as the ancestor of the European museums, they were built by Giorgio Vasari to cater for Cosimo I’s public offices, then were partly transformed into a gallery by Francesco I. Even if the presence of workshops is attested ever since 1586, very few about their nature and nothing about their organisation or their purpose is known. Our thesis, based on a comprehensive assimilation of the Florentine archives, intends to recount the history of the Uffizi workshops during Ferdinando I’s reign (1587-1609). The combined study of the documents, the unpublished maps and of the preserved pieces, has enabled us to piece together again the structure and the functioning of the Uffizi. Thanks to these sources, we have defined and explained the location of the artists’ workshops and of scientists inside the building which was unknown before : so we could determine several functional skill areas shared out through the whole building. Indeed, as in town, die workshops are located, depending on their discipline, in separate districts. The identity of these artists and scientists as well as their working conditions, have been set up thanks to a complicated administrative documentation. We have also looked over their production : art objects, pharmacological medicines and scientific instruments are all characterised by their technical innovation. This production is to a great part used to serve die grand-duke’s politica interests because it is sent throughout all Europe as gifts showing the Medicean prestige. The success of this policy causes moreover some emulation in the European courts. By studying Pesaro’s case, in Prague and Paris, we show that die European princes try to introduce the example of die Uffizi, adapting it in their own interests
Allaire, Valeria. "Les images "italiennes" de François Ier entre 1515 et 1530 : l'attente, la crainte, la célébratiοn et la déceptiοn chez les hοmmes de culture de la péninsul." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC023/document.
Full textThis analysis deals with the representation of King Francis I wihthin the Italian peninsula spanning the period from 1515 to 1530. In the collective imagination, King Francis I is known as the Knight-King, the « Father and Restorer of Letters » and a Renaissance patron of the arts. He is equally remembered for his contribution to architecture, his hunting activities and amorous conquests, but also for his captivity and his alliance with the Turks. This study aims to broaden the range of King Francis I's multifaceted depictions by adopting a new Italian prespective in order to cast a new light on his representation. From the very beginning of his reign, this highly manifold monarch appears to have been haunted by the idea of dominating the peninsular political arena. The study is based on a corpus of letters written by ambassadors and papal nuncios as well as on historical and literary works. Emhphasis has been laid on several milestones in the history of Italy's relationships with its sovereign : the victory at the battle of Marignano and the King's meeting in Bolonia with Pope Leo X in 1515, the failure of the imperial election in 1519, the defeat at the Battle of the Bicocca, in 1522, and at the Battle of Pavia in 1525, as well as the Neapolitan campaigns of 1528. This thesis demonstrates that the king's image does not solely rely on his successes and defeats, but it largely depends on the changeing shifts in Italian political hopes and fears of the day. Our findings show that some of the depictions of King Francis I belie all expectations. In 1529, the king signs a treaty in Cambrai with Charles V and abandons his Italian allies to his long-lasting enemy. From that point onwards, a shift in politics occurs: the king does not wholly give up his Italian ambitions, but his representation changes, adapting to new political stakes
Gompertz-De, Laharpe Alexandra. "Le moine et le duc. Vincenzio Borghini et la politique culturelle de l'État médicéen au XVIème siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA141.
Full textStemming from published and unbublished writings of Vincenzo Borghini (1515-1580), this Dissertation questions the role Florentine Benedictine friar Vincenzo Borghini (1515-1580) played in the cultural policies of the Medici, particularly the way he reconciled erudition and political consciousness, his passion for art and his respect for the new Church prescriptions. The use of History was important at a time when Cosimo was trying to strengthen the political clout of Tuscany, in Italy and among great European powers, by obtaining the grand-duke crown. Having hoped, in vain, that the Emperor would grant him this title, he turned to the papacy. In the face of such stakes, the role of Borghini, a man with multiple hats, was a complex one. The way he made use of history evolved in conjunction with what he called the «circustanze de’ tempi di parte». Borghini's young years help us understand the essential position he occupied within the ducal court. His approach to history finds its roots in his formative years and his acquaintance with prominent people like Vettori and Vasari. He provided the latter with fundamental advice for the theoretical conception of the Vite. The 60s were testament to a new approach: Borghini was, with a few others, in charge of writing up the treaty describing the great pageants he himself had originally devised. Given their role in the elaboration of an oriented memory, those texts can be considered to be a kind of kind of micro-history. The 70s showed the transition from the micro-history of descriptions of the pageants to writing and correcting treaty dealing with universal history. Obtaining the the title of Grand duke is not any more politically at stake; what matters now is making sure it is legitimized. Borghini's historical research synthesizes all the activities he carried out while serving the Medici family. He endeavored to use past history to celebrate Tuscany's present, which, above and beyond the Medici, was his ultimate aim
Astier, Sophie. "Une guerre des plumes (1542-1544) : la littérature occasionnelle du conflit entre François 1er et Charles Quint." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040022.
Full textThe military confrontation between Francis I and Charles V was prominent in the shaping of the political history of the early 16th century. These wars came along with an important effort of justification, each side claiming that they were justly defending themselves. Besides, the various military or diplomatic episodes that occur during that time gave birth to a rich event-driven literature, in prose as in verse, which circulated on an European scale by the printed press. The 1542-1544 war is particularly interesting in the matter of production of such texts, be it by the means of poetic celebrations from the Court, or by simple « informations sheets » describing a skirmish in few pages. My purpose in the present work is to study how those texts were written, in order to understand what the men of the Renaissance could read about the events they were living, closely or remotely. Between propaganda, rumors, false news, taste for poetry and pleasure of the narration, how did one write in the time of Francis I and Charles V about a war that was currently raging ? In a tentative to give an answer to that question, the first part of my work is dedicated to layout and text-shaping problems that are raised by the printed nature of those texts ; in a second part, I tackle the subject of the genres in which they fit ; at last, in a third part, I suggest a few avenues of analysis about their reception at the moment of their publication or in the closest following decades
Tejedor, Sophie. "À la croisée des temps. François II, roi de France et la crise des années 1559-1560." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL075.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the processes and political consequences of the crisis which destabilizes the French royal authority during the short-lived reign of young Francis II and propels the kingdom into the French troubles of religion. In the wake of the Italian Wars and the tragic death of Henry II, the accession of a fifteen-year-old king who refuses the power that is handed down to him entails a political contestation that is unprecedented in sixteenth-century France. The situation further deteriorates for the monarchical authority since the royal government led by the King’s uncles, the Guises, responds to the successful Protestant Reformation with severe repressive measures against heretics. In March 1560, the failed Amboise conspiracy reveals to the royal authority the extent and interconnectedness of the political and religious discontents. Thanks to figures of paramount importance to sixteenth-century France, such as Catherine de’ Medici, the Cardinal of Lorraine or Michel de l’Hospital, a process of major political reorientation is then initiated : the royal authority opts for religious moderation and an appeasement policy it tries to adapt to both the “necessities of times” and the increasing Catholic and Protestant momentums. Though the reign of Francis II opens the era of civil wars, it also opens that of political trials and experimentations which will eventually bring about the Wars of Religion edicts. This work is based on a detailed analysis of the chain of events, and endeavours to reveal the complexity of a reign “at the crossroads of times” as well as its determining role in the political reflection of the second half of the sixteenth century in France
Guinand, Julien. "Faire la guerre pour le roi aux portes de l'Italie : (1515-1559)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2109.
Full textWar in the royal army under Francis I and Henry II has long been perceived in historiography as poorly adapted to modern military requirements, which are closely associated with the use of firearms and the infantry. The weight of the chivalrous traditions and the lack of a complex military art seem decisive in this lack of innovation. On the other hand, another historiographical movement sees this practice of war as more violent and modern, with the use of foot soldiers and mercenaries giving rise to a culture of carnage and a level of savagery never seen before. It is thus opposed to medieval warfare, which was more controlled in appearance.This work questions the praxis of war of the king’s men and population in order to find the right level of their commitment. The Italian border, between the Rhone and the Po, in the southeastern part of the kingdom of France was chosen as the theatre of operations to be studied in this work. Its geographical marginality and the harshness of its relief offer an atypical situation to study the war in its complexity. Human, material, and logistical resources tested to their limits allow us to consider all the aspects of war. Everyone’s service can only be the result of a careful thought process. It mirrors the military imperatives and the expected war effort, and it is lived in both collectively and individually. It is not improvised by mere temerity. It is to be understood through the exchanges between men and State bodies comprising the Crown and the King. It thus reveals the organization of competences between the monarchical State and the local authorities. It updates their evolutions. Lastly, it concerns the crowd of people engaged in the military and non-combatants alike, who experience the ordeals of confrontations. The latter participated in making them live their conflicts through that of the king. This study is therefore that of a society at war confronting military conjunctures with its legacy and innovations, and it rejects the idea of a binary opposition between medieval war and modern war
Capique, Luc. "Etude et édition critique annotée de Carlos V en Francia de Lope de Vega." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU1009.
Full textThe theatrical production of the Spanish Golden Age pro-poses numerous plays dealing with contemporary historical subjects. The interest for this historical material can be particu-larly observed in a symbolic playwright of this period: Lope de Vega. Although the purpose of this material can vary, it often possesses an extradramatic interest. The choice of events staged by Lope de Vega is often connected to corresponding events at the time of writing. The play Carlos V en Francia, written in 1604, is a part of these historical plays where we notice an alteration of events in connection with the political current events of Lope de Vega’s time. The work of the thesis presented here proposes a critical edition with notes of Carlos V en Francia by Lope de Vega, preceded by an introductory study which focuses foremost on its historic aspect and its extradramatic interest; and on the dramatic mechanisms de-veloped by the playwright in the system of the characters, the versification and the structure
Léotard-Sommer, Christine de. "Sans Bacchus et Vénus, la Galerie se refroidit : dispositif libérant le programme de l'intégralité du décor de la Galerie du Roi de Fontainebleau." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30001.
Full textThis thesis puts forward a new hypothesis concerning the enigma of the décor of the Francis I Gallery in the royal palace of Fontainebleau, tests whether this hypothesis works for all 16 of its original units, frames included, and considers the question of its likelihood. It is based on an analysis of the unit removed from the western end of the gallery in 1639, Rosso Fiorentino’s Bacchus, Venus and Cupid, now hanging in the MNHA in Luxembourg. This painting is a unicum that falls into the mirabilia category. Behind the erotic scene lies a sophisticated depiction of a recent - here shortened - adage of Erasmus: without Bacchus, Venus grows cold. Using the art of memory, it also “memorises” the paradigm of the heavenly monarchy portrayed in Jean Thenaud’s Treschrestienne Cabale metrifiee (1519) and commented on in his Traicte de la Cabale (1521), two manuscripts commissioned by Francis I. The three motifs at the bottom of the work indicate its discursive modus operandi, drawing on Erasmus, then De Cues, then Bonaventure. It is a painting constructed like the radiant images of Marsilio Ficino’s De triplici vita, but without magical effect. This painting is at the centre of a simultaneously intellectual, material and practical device, linking the 16 original units and inviting a specific reception from the Valois-Angoulême princes so that they can themselves express the organised discursive programme. The intellectual basis of this device is theological in nature: it is founded on the verse of Saint Paul (1 Corinthians 13:12), and refers to Erasmus, De Cues and Bonaventure. It is unique in that it transposes the mental concepts of these Christian thinkers to a painted, stuccoed décor, following the serio ludere maxim, very popular at the time, in terms of formal inventions and original use of images to generate the programme’s rhetoric. The most remarkable of these inventions is the plastic practice of the art of memory, following its classic rules, in all the units, including the frames. The programme exposes the truth of the power of the very-Christian monarchy, via three analogies to the power of the heavenly Monarchy. It defines princely values, as well as two major political ambitions, absolute power and access to the imperium mundi using new arguments. It forms the secrete “mirror for the prince” of the new Valois-Angoulême dynasty. This “mirror” also cites the “theatre” of Giulio Camillo bought by the King in 1530 and illuminates its enigmatic function. We propose Jean Thenaud, supported by Rosso, as the creators
Denis, Béatrice. "Le bivouac d’Austerlitz selon Louis-François Lejeune : les guerres napoléoniennes entre construction identitaire et construction historique." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25087.
Full textPainter, soldier, and memorialist Louis-François Lejeune (1775-1848) conceived his battle paintings and his memoirs, Souvenirs d’un officier de l’Empire (1851), as historical testimonies of the Napoleonic period, destined for posterity. This twinning of paintings and memoirs mirrors the duality of Napoleonic propaganda as a whole, which disseminates a single version of military events with the help of unprecedented information tools such as the Bulletins de la Grande Armée. This written narrative, already thought of as historical, is picked up again in the paintings commissioned by the government. This master’s thesis argues that Lejeune contributes in a unique way to this historical narrative, first at an individual level by constructing his identity from his participation in the Napoleonic wars, and also at a state level. His Bivouac d’Austerlitz, presented at the 1808 Salon, was commissioned by the government as part of a larger order. It is shown that this painting fits first into Lejeune’s career, then into his cycle of battle paintings, and finally into the narrative of Austerlitz that Napoleon himself promoted. The episodic form of this painting can be explained by the deliberate pairing of written and pictorial narratives, which borrows from the 30th bulletin de la Grande Armée where Napoleon recounts the victory at Austerlitz. This painting thus contributes to the historical construction of the battle. As deep transformations threatened the academic genre hierarchy at the turn of the nineteenth century, the duality of Lejeune’s persona as soldier and painter helped promote the historical function given to paintings under Napoleon.
Vondráčková, Kristýna. "Byl jednou jeden cizinec na cestě." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328531.
Full textNicolas, Patrice. "L'oeuvre latine attribuée à Jacotin dans les sources des XVe et XVIe siècles : transcription critique et analyse." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5395.
Full textQui était "Jacotin"? Quels sont encore les mystères de sa biographie? Quelle a été sa contribution au panorama musical de la Renaissance? Et pourquoi le connaît-on si mal, lui dont l’oeuvre – dans son ensemble stylisée et élégante – semble avoir connu de son temps un succès considérable? À l’heure actuelle, l’oeuvre attribuée à "Jacotin" est pratiquement tombée dans l’oubli et l’identité du ou des compositeurs à qui nous la devons fait toujours l’objet de spéculations parmi les spécialistes. Ainsi, ces compositions n’ont jamais retenu toute l’attention qu’elles méritent. Les chansons n’ont été éditées en notation moderne qu’en 2004 ; l’oeuvre latine, elle, n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’une édition critique, ni d’une étude. Plus généralement, l’oeuvre attribuée à "Jacotin" n’a pas été étudiée intégralement. Pourtant, celle-ci aurait beaucoup à nous apprendre des différences et interactions stylistiques entre les Pays-Bas, la France et l’Italie aux XVe et XVIe siècles, puisque les candidats au titre de compositeur(s) potentiel(s) furent actifs tant à Paris et Anvers qu’à Naples, Ferrare, Rome et Milan. L’œuvre latine attribuée à "Jacotin" témoigne en outre des différentes activités et services de son ou ses auteurs, certains motets (notamment Beati omnes qui timent Dominum, Interveniat pro rege nostro et Michael archangele) s’inscrivant possiblement dans le cadre de cérémonies qui prirent place à la cour royale d’Angleterre sous le règne d’Henry VIII (1491-1547, reg. 1509-1547), ainsi qu’à celle de France sous ceux de Louis XII (1462-1515, reg. 1498-1515) et François Ier (1494-1547, reg. 1515-1547). Les motets de "Jacotin" constituent donc des maillons essentiels dans l’histoire du genre, tant en France que, plus généralement, en Europe. Cette thèse tente dans un premier temps d’élucider le problème identitaire qui affecte "Jacotin" depuis plus de deux siècles. Ainsi, la première partie est consacrée à la prosopographie des chantres de la Renaissance clairement identifiés sous ce diminutif. De concert avec l’examen des sources musicales et l’étude de leurs schémas de diffusion, l’analyse des oeuvres elles-mêmes permet ensuite leur attribution à quatre musiciens bien distincts, à savoir : Jacques de Nieuport (v. 1435-v. 1475), Jacques Frontin (v. 1450/55-?1519), Jacques Godebrye (v. 1460-1529), et Jacques Lebel (v. 1494-v. 1556). Dans un second temps, cette thèse propose pour la première fois une transcription critique de l’oeuvre latine de "Jacotin", transcription qui vient compléter l’édition critique de ses chansons publiée par Frank Dobbins en 2004. Ainsi, l’oeuvre complète attribuée à "Jacotin" est enfin disponible en notation moderne, pour les chercheurs comme pour les interprètes.
Who was "Jacotin"? What mysteries of his biography remain? What was his contribution to the musical panorama of the sixteenth century? And why do we know so little about a figure (or figures) whose work – for the most part stylish and elegant – seem to have encountered considerable success in his time? At present, the oeuvre attributed to "Jacotin" is almost completely forgotten and the identity of the composer(s) to whom we owe it is still the subject of speculations among scholars. Thus, these compositions have never received the attention they deserve. The chansons were not edited in modern notation until 2004 ; the Latin works have not yet been the subject of a critical edition, nor of a study. More generally, the compositions attributed to "Jacotin" have not been exhaustively studied. Yet, they have much to teach us about the stylistic differences and interactions between France, the Netherlands and Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as the potential candidates for the title of composer(s) were employed in Paris, Antwerp, Naples, Ferrara, Rome and Milan. The Latin works ascribed to "Jacotin" also reflect their author(s) numerous activities and services, as some motets (Beati omnes qui timent Dominum, Interveniat pro rege nostro and Michael Archangele, notably) were possibly part of ceremonies that took place at the royal court of England under the reign of Henry VIII (1491-1547, r. 1509-1547), as well as that of France under the reigns of Louis XII (1462-1515, r. 1498-1515) and François I (1494-1547, r. 1515-1547). The motets of "Jacotin" constitute therefore essential links in the history of the genre, both in France and, more generally, in Europe. This study attempts first to solve the identity problem that has been affecting "Jacotin" for over two centuries. Thus, the first part is devoted to the prosopography of Renaissance singers clearly identified under this nickname. In conjunction with the examination of the musical sources and the study of their patterns of diffusion, the analysis of the Latin works then allows their attribution to four different authors, namely: Jacques de Nieuport (c. 1435-c. 1475), Jacques Frontin (c. 1450/55-?1519), Jacques Godebrye (c. 1460-1529), and Jacques Lebel (c. 1494-c. 1556). In a second step, this study proposes for the first time a critical edition of the Latin works attributed to "Jacotin", which complete the critical edition of his chansons published by Frank Dobbins in 2004. As a result, the complete work preserved under this nickname is finally available in modern notation, for both performers and scholars.