Academic literature on the topic 'Francophone Cameroon'
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Journal articles on the topic "Francophone Cameroon"
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Tagne Safotso, Gilbert. "A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.214.
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Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.
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Fonyuy, Kelen Ernesta. "The rush for English education in urban Cameroon: sociolinguistic implications and prospects." English Today 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990289.
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The growing demand for English in parts of Cameroon that were once firmly under French influence.In the last decade, multilingual Cameroon has awoken to a new linguistic reality characterised by reconstructing linguistic identities in order to fit in the global space. This is seen in more and more urban Francophones pursuing English medium education and the Anglophones consolidating their identity alignment to the English language. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this paper evaluates the prominence and implications and prospects of this rush for English education in contemporary urban Cameroon. The case study method and cost-benefit analysis confirm that there is a fast growing interest in English medium education and the beginnings of English as an L1 in urban Cameroon. The result is a paradoxical sociolinguistic outcome: first of all, there is a shift by the majority Francophone group, who are shifting from a predominantly French medium to an English medium education, principally for economic benefits. Secondly, the Anglophones are increasingly shifting to English as an L1, without losing French as they live in basically French-speaking urban zones. This state of language shift implies that there will subsequently be bilingualism without diglossia in Cameroon's two official languages, and loss of the long-standing French language hegemony in Cameroon. At the same time, this shift threatens Cameroon's ancestral languages, forcing them increasingly into attrition and possibly endangerment.
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Fru, Raymond Nkwenti, and Johan Wassermann. "Constructions of Identity in Cameroonian History Textbooks in Relation to the Reunification of Cameroon." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2020.120203.
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This article explores the representation of identity in selected Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonian history textbooks via their coverage of the reunification of Cameroon. A far-reaching effect of the 1916 Anglo-French partition of German Cameroon and of the reunification of the territory in 1961 is that, in spite of the plurality of precolonial identities, it is the legacies of Anglo-French colonial heritage that seem to be the overwhelming identity indicators in contemporary Cameroon. This content analysis found that the Anglophone history textbook presented a clear Anglophone identity which stood in conflict with the identity promoted by the Francophone textbook, which was characterized by national and colonial Francophone assimilationism. Such representations suggest that the Cameroonian nation state as a colonial geopolitical construct is more imagined than real.
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Fanso, Verkijika G. "Anglophone and francophone nationalisms in Cameroon." Round Table 88, no. 350 (April 1999): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003585399108153.
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Safotso, Gilbert Tagne. "Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.04.
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Language learning/use is a very delicate task. When a learner/user of a given language is confronted with a difficulty, he/she is forced to create to communicate. This can be observed in most New Englishes. Those varieties of English abound in neologisms and local languages items. From an interlanguage frame, this study looks at some neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English (CamE) / Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE). The data come from debates on national radio stations and TV channels, conversations among students and university lecturers on university campuses across Cameroon, casual encounters such as public gatherings or during journeys, and from students’ essays. The findings show that, in CamE, most neologisms come from Pidgin English or French while Cameroonisms come from local languages, the inflection of some English words and skilful combination of some English structures. In CamFE, most neologisms come from French and Cameroonisms from home languages and code mixing.
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Kouega, Jean-Paul. "English in Francophone Elementary Grades in Cameroon." Language and Education 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2003): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500780308666860.
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Nfobin, E. H. Ngwa. "The Francophone/Anglophone Split over Article 47 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Cameroon: An Abiding Malaise with an Explosive Charge." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 25, no. 4 (November 2017): 538–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2017.0211.
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Voting in 1961for reunification with the Republic of Cameroon instead of remaining Nigerian, the Southern Cameroons made a point. Neither the Treaty of Versailles partitioning the defunct German protectorate between Britain and France nor the superimposition of new values by the successor powers affected nationhood developed under the Germans. They were instead enriching features of that national identity of Kamerun. However, time has revealed how difficult it is to become the beacon of enlightened tolerance. Points of friction emerged, many articulated in the 1993 Buea Declaration that led to the creation of the Southern Cameroons National Council and the 2003 petition mainly for secession to the African Commission. One remains an oozing sore, with all possibilities of opening up into a running sore anytime – the 1972 referendum for the switch to unitarism that gave national destiny a decisively Francophone tilt. Anglophones contend Article 47 of the Federal Constitution guaranteed permanence of status beyond even the power of a referendum and that abolishing federalism entitled them to assert independence from the union. Against these, however, are surefire pro-Francophone arguments: the ‘Francophone spirit’ of the text and the agreed superiority of the French language, which stacked the odds against Anglophones even from the start.
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Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi, and Ambroise Kom. "Francophone Cameroon literature: A conversation with Ambroise Kom." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.3.
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Willis, Roxana. "A Comparative Analysis of Widow Dispossession in Francophone and Anglophone Cameroon." Journal of African Law 62, no. 1 (February 2018): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855318000013.
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AbstractWidows throughout sub-Saharan Africa may be at risk from dispossession when their husbands pass away. Whereas some scholars view widow dispossession as prevalent and global, others suggest that the issue is less common than claimed. This article contributes to understanding about the frequency of, and reasons for, widow dispossession through an empirical investigation of widowhood in Cameroon. By adopting a comparative method, working with similar groups in both francophone and anglophone regions, it presents preliminary findings. These findings include a higher awareness of widow dispossession in anglophone areas compared to francophone samples. Moreover, notably fewer marriages are legally registered in the anglophone dataset, compared to the francophone group, which may place anglophone widows at greater risk of dispossession. The article then assesses the impact of custom, religion, civil law and common law on the findings. In conclusion, it recommends the need for a holistic consideration of land rights.
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Awasom, Nicodemus Fru. "Politics and Constitution-Making in Francophone Cameroon, 1959-1960." Africa Today 49, no. 4 (December 2002): 2–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2002.49.4.2.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Francophone Cameroon"
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Tanyi-Tang, Anne. "Cultured action theatre in selected regions of Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15377.
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This study is primarily concerned with notions of identity and conceptions of development in Cameroonian village, city and national theatre performances, as well as audience responses to them. What I call 'Cultural Action Theatre' is different in many respects from Theatre for Development: the latter is dominated by theatre activists, is short-lived and involves enormous cost and organisation; the former is produced by members of a community, is long-lived and less costly. The messages in performances are analysed and given meanings by the audience, whose responses are determined by contemporary political events. These events also affect the nature of theatre performances. Performances suggest that Cameroonians are dissatisfied with the economic and political relationship between Anglophone and Francophone Cameroon and between Cameroon and developed countries. The study reveals that Cultural Action Theatre is used by oppressed people (e.g. women) to convey messages to their superiors (men, chiefs and politicians), and that oppressed groups produce more theatre than privileged groups. Disadvantaged Anglophone theatre practitioners use a direct style to convey practical problems whereas Francophones use a subtle style to express predominantly philosophical issues. This theatre deals with issues of local, regional and national identity and also with political leadership and morality. The choice of a particular language in any given performance is also crucial in engendering different cultural and political identities. This study argues that to mobilise people for action, a play must appeal to their sense of identity and to portray the advantages that would arise from their action. Theatre practitioners at all levels in Cameroon are concerned with different causes of national underdevelopment and hence conceive of the notion and the practice of development from different angles. The main body of the thesis is divided into two parts. The introduction to the thesis briefly describes the geography of Cameroon, the historical influences on the domains of education, society, economy and politics, and on the Anglophone and Francophone zones of Cameroon, and it discusses terminologies and concepts and my methodology. Part one consists of two chapters. Chapter one describes village performances in selected regions in Anglophone and Francophone zones. Chapter two is concerned with city performances in the respective selected zones. Part two, chapter 3-6, concentrates on national performances. Chapter three describes political leaders and development in Anglophone and Francophone National performances. Chapter four focuses on women and their role in national performances. Chapter five examines cultural and political identities in national performances. Chapter six is concerned with morality, ethics and national sentiments in national performances. The conclusion summarises my findings.
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Abongdia, Jane-Francis Afungmeyu. "Language ideologies and attitudes of Francophone learners towards English in Yaoundo, Cameroon." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8654_1350543873.
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English is the most widely spoken language in the world and for this reason it would be of advantage for everyone to learn it. This thesis reports on the language ideologies and attitudes of Francophone learners towards English in the Central Province of Cameroon, a central African country. It offers a critical examination of the different attitudes and motivations of Francophone learners towards English as a third language at secondary schools in the city of Yaoundé
. It also presents the most important factors that appear to play a role in shaping their attitudes towards English, a language that many of the respondents appear to find hard to learn. Central to these factors are the prevailing language ideologies in Cameroon.
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Dougherty-Messi, Etienne. "Re-presenting a nation : francophone Cameroon in the novels and films of Beti, Bekolo, Beyala, Teno and Oyono." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=128223.
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In this thesis I will trace the shifting representations of post-Independence Cameroon through a detailed analysis of the literary texts of two of its most celebrated writers (Mongo Beti and Calixthe Beyala), and the cinematic production of two of its most innovative filmmakers (Jean-Marie Téno and Pierre Békolo). Theoretically, this study will be informed by both European and African post-colonial criticism, as well as other recent works of feminism, philosophy, and political theory, and will thereby critically engage with both Western and Afrocentric approaches to Sub-Saharan Africa’s literary and cinematic self-representation. The Cameroonian writers and filmmakers that will be the focus of this project provide an opportunity for a kind of critical dialogue between Western and African post-colonial interpretations of Sub-Saharan African cultural texts. Starting with the theories of Franz Fanon and Albert Memmi on de-colonisation and the preservation of an authentic African identity, I will look at the question of Cameroon’s cultural and national identity, which is often portrayed as Francophone and yet authentically African, as a useful example of the complex nature of post-colonial Sub-Saharan Africa’s self-perception. Beti’s works (1953-2000) and their representation of a ‘lost’ Cameroonian nation that must be rediscovered fully display this complexity. The novels of Calixthe Beyala stand in stark contrast to the male-centred representation of Cameroon to be found in Beti’s work. Her celebration of marginal and dispossessed figures directly addresses the marginalising and exclusionary forces at work in most literary representations of Sub-Saharan Africa. In this section I will use the key post-colonial concepts of marginality, hybridity, and positionality that have been popularised by Homi K. Bhabha and Gayatri Spivak to assess the extent to which women writers like Beyala have become crucially important to Sub-Saharan Africa’s self conception. Cinema has likewise become increasingly important in Cameroon as a medium of cultural self-representation. Cameroonian filmmakers have begun to exploit cinema’s power as an effective tool for mass political activism and change. This has brought about such critically acclaimed films as Téno’s Retours au pays natal (2000), and Békolo’s Le Complot d’Aristote (1996). In my thesis I will show how these filmmakers respond to the socio-political challenges of Cameroon, and thereby construct a fertile space for dialogical exchange between all producers of cultural texts. The close analysis of their films will demonstrate the ways in which cinema is inherently bound up with other critical discourses on post colonialism in Africa, and the way in which it is intimately linked to literary concerns in the current period.
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Medouane, Ndafang Edith Bertine. "(Dis)continuités des identités et imaginaires en francophonie littéraire : étude comparée des nouvelles de Sévérin Cécile Abéga et de François Mauriac." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064028.
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Produites dans une période de questionnement sur l'identité de l'homme et de l'écrivain, les nouvelles littéraires de François Mauriac et de Sévérin Cécile Abéga présentent un imaginaire tantôt symétrique, tantôt non, mais éclairant du rapport entre l'écrivain, son espace et son identité. Le sujet, "(Dis)continuités des identités et imaginaires en francophonie littéraire : étude comparée des nouvelles de Sévérin Cécile Abéga et de François Mauriac " pose le problème des modes de transfiguration des identités et de l'imaginaire dans la nouvelle littéraire francophone. L'hypothèse en est qu'en francophonie littéraire, la pluralité des lieux culturels se reflète dans la diversité d'un genre et implique une certaine cohérence. Cette étude interroge la représentation du cadre spatial et des personnages, les systèmes de valeurs de la société et du genre dans deux postures différentes. Les sujets de cette étude la destine à la critique des imaginaires, et cette approche est enrichie par d'autres lectures comparatistes. Ainsi, on constate que les périodes pendant lesquelles l'écrivain se trouve à la rencontre de tensions historiques,idéologiques et littéraires latentes sont celles où l'imagination créatrice de la nouvelle est réelle. On peut aussi établir que l'espace de la nouvelle est essentiellement celui des auteurs, mais qu'il s'agit d'un espace de désenchantement. Cet univers de déconstruction de l'être implique un univers idéal, un ailleurs qui est chez Mauriac en Dieu et chez Abéga est dans la justice sociale. Les personnages, empêtrés dans cet univers en épousent les valeurs,ce qui entraîne irrémédiablement leur chute. La seule planche de salut est l'humilité,l'ouverture vers le savoir nouveau (le modernisme par exemple) sans reniement de son ancrage identitaire. Abéga comme Mauriac sont donc pour une mixité décomplexée.
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Mbede, Ambassa Luc Bonaventure. "Hacia una enseñanza interaccionista del español en el Camerún francófono: propuesta de materiales complementarios de nivel a (según el MCER) para la enseñanza secundaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454724.
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La finalitat d'aquesta investigació és proposar un recurs didàctic de l'espanyol com a llengua estrangera en la concepció interaccionista de l'aprenentatge. Va destinat a un context escolaritzat en el qual el programa estructural d'ensenyament d'una llengua estrangera està molt consolidat. Amb el model interaccionista de l'aprenentatge, la llengua serveix d'instrument per relacionar-se socialment amb certa capacitat discursiva en els intercanvis d'idees i algun component estratègic sobre el procés de construcció col·lectiva de l'aprenentatge. En l'interès per buscar els processos d'adquisició d'una llengua en el món interior dels alumnes, es va realitzar una anàlisi de les característiques individuals, experiències personals i actituds d'un grup d'alumnes. El resultat va revelar que les experiències d'aprenentatge i la dinàmica col·laborativa de classe arrabassen la titularitat a una visió acumulativa del coneixement. Atesa d'aquestes premisses, es resol que els resultats satisfactoris en l'ensenyament de l'espanyol s'obtenen quan els recursos volitius de l'alumne estan al capdavant de l'ensenyament per dirigir-la. Per tant, aquest estudi va dissenyar una sèrie d'activitats d'interacció lingüística comunicativa centrades en les motivacions dels alumnes per l'aprenentatge de la llengua meta; això implica també que són flexibles, adaptables a la gran varietat de situacions d'aprenentatge i revisables pel context on s'ubica el procés. De la mateixa manera, s'emfatitza l'aplicació efectiva d'estratègies d'aprenentatge, amb el propòsit d'augmentar l'eficàcia i rendiment de la forma en què l'alumne d'espanyol aprèn.La finalidad de esta investigación es proponer un recurso didáctico de E/LE en la concepción interaccionista del aprendizaje. Va destinado a un contexto escolarizado en el que el programa estructural de enseñanza de una lengua extranjera está muy consolidado. Con el modelo interaccionista del aprendizaje, la lengua sirve de instrumento para relacionarse socialmente con cierta capacidad discursiva en los intercambios de ideas y algún componente estratégico sobre el proceso de construcción colectiva del aprendizaje. En el interés por buscar los procesos de adquisición de una lengua en el mundo interior de los alumnos, se realizó un análisis de las características individuales, experiencias personales y actitudes de un grupo de alumnos. El resultado reveló que las experiencias de aprendizaje y la dinámica colaborativa de clase arrebatan la titularidad a una visión acumulativa del conocimiento. En vista de esas premisas, se resuelve que los resultados satisfactorios en la enseñanza de E/LE se obtienen cuando los recursos volitivos del alumno están al frente de la enseñanza para dirigirla. Por tanto, este estudio diseñó una serie de actividades de interacción lingüística comunicativa centradas en las motivaciones de los alumnos por el aprendizaje de la lengua meta; lo que comporta ser también flexibles, adaptables a la gran variedad de situaciones de aprendizaje y revisables por el contexto donde se ubica el proceso. De igual forma, se enfatiza la aplicación efectiva de estrategias de aprendizaje, con el propósito de aumentar la eficacia y rendimiento de la forma en que el alumno de E/LE aprende.
The purpose of this research is to propose a teaching resource for learning Spanish as a foreign language in the interactionist way. It is intended for a schooled context in which the structural program of teaching a foreign language is well established. With the interactionist model of learning, language serves as an instrument to interact socially with certain discursive capacity in exchanges of ideas and to collectively build learning and communicative strategies. In order to find the factors for effective language acquisition in the inner world of the students, this investigation carried out an analysis of the needs of students. The result revealed that, the learning experiences and collaborative strategies in language classes prevail over the accumulation of knowledge. In view of these premises, it is proved that success in teaching is obtained when the volitional resources of students are at the forefront of the process. Therefore, this study designed teaching materials focused on learning the target language in communicative interaction and, based on the motivations of each learner. This involves the flexible nature of the proposed materials and adaptability to the wide variety of learning situations. In the same way, the effective implementation of learning strategies is emphasized, in order to increase the efficiency and performances of a spanish language learner.
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Chabi, Angeline. "Violences historique, politique et esthétique chez Raharimanana et Patrice Nganang." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H011.
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Il est des événements qui, comme des traumas, s’incrustent dans la mémoire et la prennent en otage, entremêlant les approches individuelles et collectives. L’esclavage, la colonisation, les séries de guerres et de génocides qui ont marqué le continent africain en font partie. Du tréfonds de leurs ruines respectives, l’auteur malgache Raharimanana et l’écrivain camerounais Patrice Nganang décident de réinvestir les méandres de l’Histoire. La notion de frontière disparaît, car ils se trouvent unis par le lien du sang répandu, échappant ainsi, par leurs créations, à l’enfermement spatial et temporel. S'il convient de retracer l’itinéraire d’un passé qui défie le temps, c'est pour questionner le présent et l’avenir. Comment alors dénoncer la cruauté si ce n’est par le biais d’une dynamique de la violence ? Ils optent pour une écriture de l’horreur et de l’abjection – chacun à leur manière –, dans laquelle la férocité pour l’un côtoie un humour tragi-comique pour l’autre. Une esthétique du risque et de la subversion, une « écriture-miroir » qui, en scrutant l’Homme, lui révèle son fond immonde, souvent plus animal qu’humain. Les mots expriment les maux les plus évidents, la nécrose et la névrose s’emparent des personnages et servent à témoigner des exactions et des abus de pouvoir. La folie se veut esthétique et transgressive, dans une surenchère qui provoque le ressassement, l’imbrication des récits et la vindicte. Ils proposent des œuvres renvoyant à des faits historiques, sans pour autant être des livres d’histoire, et revendiquent le droit de brouiller les pistes entre fiction et réalité ; de revenir sur les blessures antérieures pour alerter sur les hécatombes actuelles et futures. Les notions d’engagement et d’implication, même si elles se rejoignent, sont émises clairement et de façon singulière. De même que les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la littérature et les autres sciences humaines, suscitant de nombreuses réflexions épistémologiques, quant à la délimitation des genres littéraires, notammentThere are events, such as traumas, that become embedded in memory and take it in hostage, intertwining individual and collective approaches. Slavery, colonization, the series of wars and genocides that have marked the African continent are part of them. From the depths of their respective ruins, the Malagasy author Raharimanana and the Cameroonian writer Patrice Nganang decide to reinvest the twists and turns of History. The notion of frontier disappears, as they find themselves united by the bond of bloodshed, thus escaping, through their creations, from spatial and temporal confinement. If it is appropriate to retrace the itinerary of a past that defies time, it is to question the present and the future. How then to denounce cruelty if not through a dynamic of violence? They opt for a writing of horror and abjection - each in their own way -, in which ferocity for one stands side by side with tragic-comic humour for the other. An aesthetics of risk and subversion, a “mirror-writing” which, by scrutinizing Man, brings forth his filthy underbelly, often more beastly than human. Words express the most obvious evils; necrosis and neurosis take hold of the characters and serve to bear witness to exaction and abuse of power. Madness is aesthetic and transgressive, in an escalation that provokes endless reiteration, the interweaving of narratives and vindictiveness. They propose works that refer to historical facts, without being history books, and claim the right to confuse fiction and reality; to return to past injuries to warn of current and future hecatombs. The concepts of commitment and involvement, even if they are similar, are clearly expressed and in a singular way. As well as their relationship with literature and other human sciences, they give rise to many epistemological reflections on the delimitation of literary genres, in particular
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Fandjip, Olivier. "Le temps dans le contentieux administratif : essai d’analyse comparative des droits français et des États d’Afrique francophone." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10504/document.
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L’étude comparée des droits français et des pays d’Afrique francophone, à l’instar du Cameroun et du Gabon, permet de mettre en évidence les diverses approches du temps saisi par le droit en contentieux administratif. Elle permet de comprendre les implications des approches du temps sur la conciliation entre les droits des justiciables et le principe de sécurité juridique à travers le temps dans le procès administratif. L’analyse montre qu’en France, le cadre temporel du procès administratif n’est pas exclusivement défini par le législateur ; il est aussi l’œuvre de la jurisprudence et même des justiciables, d’une part, et, d’autre part, ce temps est identifié selon une forme à la fois quantitative, qualitative et conjoncturelle. Cela traduit l’évolution de l’office du juge administratif français. Ainsi, de manière générale, dans le contentieux administratif français, l’approche du temps est une approche qu’il convient de qualifier de souple, de flexible ou malléable. Dans les législations d’Afrique francophone, en revanche, le cadre temporel du procès administratif est essentiellement réglementé. Il traduit un droit administratif dont les sources sont principalement textuelles. Il s’agit donc d’un temps prescrit à l’avance par les textes. Ce temps s’exprime à l’impératif, d’une part, et, d’autre part, on observe aussi une forme essentiellement quantitative du temps du point de vue de sa détermination même. Dans ces conditions, cette approche du temps est celle qu’on pourrait qualifier de rigide, d’un temps figé, contrairement à un temps choisi comme c’est le cas en droit français. L’approche dynamique ou flexible du temps, observée en droit français, est, malgré le risque de rallongement du temps des procédures qu’elle peut occasionner, plus profitable aux justiciables et plus équilibrée pour assurer la place du temps dans le procès. Elle traduit un droit administratif français qui, avec l’évolution de l’office du juge administratif, la confiance faite au juge, a évolué vers la protection des citoyens ; contrairement à la forme rigide du temps, observée dans les législations africaines francophones qui, faisant la part belle au principe de sécurité juridique, donc moins favorable aux justiciables, est l’expression d’un droit administratif essentiellement tourné vers l’efficacité de l’action administrative ou encore la préservation du principe de sécurité juridiqueIn the administrative lawsuit, time must reconcile the rights of justiciable and the principle of legal security. The comparative analysis of the French rights and the French-speaking country of Africa, following the example of Cameroon and of Gabon, gives the opportunity to observe the various facets of the time seized by the right in administrative dispute. In France, indeed, the temporal framework of the lawsuit is not exclusively defined by the legislator, it is also the work of jurisprudence and even of justiciable, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, this time is identified according to an approach at the same time quantitative, qualitative and of the economic situation. Thus, in theory, in the French administrative dispute, time appears in a flexible or malleable form. In the African rights, on the other hand, the temporal framework of the administrative lawsuit is more regulated, i.e. a time prescribes in advance by the texts, which is expressed with the requirement, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, one even observes a primarily quantitative approach from the point of view of his determination. Under these conditions, it appears, in theory, like a rigid time, a solidified time, contrary to a time chosen as it is the case in French right. This dynamic, or flexible approach, of time observed in French right is, in spite of the risk of extension of the time of the procedures which it can cause, advantageous with the justiciable ones. It is undoubtedly the reflection of a French administrative law which evolved to the protection of the citizens, contrary to the rigid form of time, observed in the African legislations which, making the good share with the principle of legal security to the detriment of the rights of justiciable, is the expression of an administrative law primarily turned towards the effectiveness of the administrative action
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WAKATA, BOLVINE FRANCOIS. "Politique d'information et pratiques journalistiques : les differences de traitement de l'information entre journalistes anglophones et francophones a cameroon tribune." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39011.
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"le cameroun actuel est le resultat de l'unification de deux communautes issues d'une double colonisation franco-britannique. Le bilinguisme officiel anglais-francais est destine a exprimer sa specificite. Les medias d'etat, et notamment le quotidien officiel cameroon tribune sont construits suivant cette logique dualiste et composes de redactions bilingues. Or, malgre un environnement institutionnel prechant l'univocite, la presse officielle produit un discours polyphonique, parfois contraire aux prescriptions gouvernementales. Ces ecarts sont generalement le fait des anglophones qui se servent des medias comme moyens d'affirmation et vehicules de revendications politiques face a un pouvoir majoritairement francophone. Ainsi, les journalistes camerounais paraissent avoir developpe des pratiques specifiques marquees de l'empreinte de l'environnement a l'interieur duquel se deroule leur activite, et tendant a reproduire les rapports de force qui traversent le champ socio-politique d'un pays ou anglophones et francophones construisent consciemment ou non, des strategies visant a maintenir ou a modifier l'equilibre des forces qui regissent leurs rapports"modern cameroon is the result of two communities emerging from a joint francobritish colonisation. From that the institution of an official bilingualism was designed to express this origin. The media of the state are construed following this dualist logic and is composed of bilingual wording. Now, despite an institutional environment preaching a "united voice", the official press produces a polyphonic discourse, often contrary to government stipulations. These differences are often due to the english-speaking journalists who use the media as a means of assertion and as a vehicle for political demands in the face of a french-speaking majority power. In this way cameroon journalists seem to have developed notable specific pratices of reflecting the "interior" environment which is reflected by their activity, and tending to reproduce strong relationships which cross the socio-political field of a country where englishspeakers and french-speaking build up, consciously or not, strategies directed at maintaining or modifiying the balance of forces which govern their relationships"
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Nana, Genevoix. "A study of the impact of the english and French educational legacies in an Anglophone, A Francophone and a bilingual school in Cameroon, focussing on the experience of 4-7-year-old children beginning school for the first time and on their perception of th." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528245.
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Ambassa, Marie-Thérèse. "Langage-société-imaginaire : le théâtre populaire francophone au Cameroun (1970-2003) : thèse." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2010.
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Le théâtre populaire francophone au Cameroun, nouvelle forme de littérature orale naît de la rencontre du français et des langues camerounaises. Il est le produit de l'imagination des auteurs dont les pionniers sont : D. Ndo (Otsama), D. Afana Ebogo (J. M. Kankan), D. Kemseu (Dave K. Moktoï) et Essindi Mindja. L'imagination de ces auteurs et l'imagination collective constituent le langage de ce théâtre à travers lequel se révèle la société camerounaise. Notre recherche se propose d'étudier les rapports qui peuvent exister entre le français et le Cameroun d'aujourd'hui. Elle met en valeur la spécificité d'un français du Cameroun actuellement. Notre travail comprend trois axes : la transcription des pièces, des analyses ou des interprétations et les résultats de la rencontre énoncée (la langue française ré - actualisée et la réception). L'apport de l'anthropologie, de la sociologie, de la mythocritique de G. Durand, des théories sur le théâtre de A. Ubersfeld, de J. J. Roubine et les études de A. Martinet entre autres contribuent à la clarté de l'analyse littéraireThe French-speaking popular theatre in Cameroon is a new form of oral literature born from the encounter of French and Cameroonian languages. It is the product of the imagination of pioneer authors such as D. Ndo (Otsama), D. Afana Ebogo (J. M. Kankan), D. Kemseu (Dave K. Moktoï) and Essindi Mindja. The imagination of authors associated with the collective imagination constitute the language of this theatre that reflects the Cameroonian society. This research reveals the specificity of the French language currently used in Cameroon. Our work is divided into three parts : the transcription of plays, their analysis or interpretation, and the results of the encounter (the re-actualized French language and reception). The contributions of anthropology, sociology, mythocriticism of G. Durand, theories of the theatre of A. Ubersfeld, J. J. Roubine and works of A. Martinet, among others contribute to the clarity of the analyses
Books on the topic "Francophone Cameroon"
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Contemporary matriarchies in Cameroonian francophone literature: 'on est ensemble'. Birmingham, Ala: Summa Publications Inc., 2008.
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Mathew, Gwanfogbe. Anglophone & francophone educational systems in Cameroon--: An overview in comparative contemporary and historical perspectives. [Yaoundé]: Educational Research Group, 1998.
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Achu, Christina Ape Halle. The English language teaching curriculum for teacher education in Francophone provinces of Cameroon: An investigation. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1990.
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Essono, Louis Martin Onguéné. Dynamique du français dans la presse francophone du Cameroun. Yaoundé: Éditions CLÉ, 2013.
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Afrique, l'histoire entre le Cameroun anglophone et le Cameroun francophone: De 1472 à 2003. Paris: Publibook.com, 2006.
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Ngombe, Marie Charlotte Désirée. Mémoire de spécialité: Thème, écot du Cameroun à la francophonie. [Dakar]: Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Ecole normale supérieure, Département de lettres, 2002.
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Nkounkou, Florent. Législations et politiques portuaires en Afrique francophone: Cas de la Côte d'Ivoire, du Congo, du Cameroun et du Sénégal. Lille: ANRT, Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2005.
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scientifiques, Réseau "Droit de l'environnement ". Journées. La mise en oeuvre nationale du droit international de l'environnement dans les pays francophones: Actes des troisièmes journées scientifiques du Réseau droit de l'environnement de l'Agence universitaire de la francophonie, Yaoundé, Cameroun, 14-15 juin 2001. Limoges: PULIM, 2003.
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Organisation, International Labour. Lémploi des femmes en Afrique: Rapport de synthèse dans 6 pays francophones (Bénin, Cameroun, Côte-d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Sénégal et Togo). Addis-Abéba: Bureau International du Travail, 1985.
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Ngum, Faith, and Johan Bastiaensen. "Intersectional Perspective of Strengthening Climate Change Adaptation of Agrarian Women in Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2169–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_213.
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AbstractIt is a widely accepted notion that climate change affects men and women within agrarian populations differently; consequently, their adaptation strategies are gendered. Besides climate change, women’s vulnerability and their corresponding adaptation strategies are embedded within a complex web of social identities/status, agroecological location, gender norm/roles and power struggles within the plurality of normative orders governing land (property rights). This chapter focuses on Cameroon and seeks to analyze how the interactions between various normative orders governing access to land, co-dependent upon the multiple gendered identities (intersectionality), impact climate change adaptation strategies of female farmers. The results show that the degree of vulnerability and adaptation strategies of women are context specific and gendered across the five distinct agroecological zones of Cameroon. Furthermore, secured access to and ownership over land is crucial in determining the adaptation choices and options available to female farmers. A complex mix of state and non-state norms govern property rights in Cameroon, within which women have to constantly negotiate their land claims. These negotiations are influenced by marital status, ethnicity, educational level, and community/social relations, such that the outcome translates differently for women within the Muslim, Anglophone, and Francophone communities. The chapter concludes with context-specific recommendations to strengthen the adaptive capacity of agrarian women across Cameroon.
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Kuchah, Kuchah. "From Bilingual Francophones to Bilingual Anglophones: The Role of Teachers in the Rising ‘Equities’ of English-Medium Education in Cameroon." In International Perspectives on Motivation, 60–81. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137000873_4.
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Sharp, Thomas. "The changing boundaries of resistance: the UPC and France in Cameroonian history and memory." In Francophone Africa at fifty, 189–203. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089305.003.0013.
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Thomas Sharp elaborates on the case of the Union des Populations du Cameroun (UPC), which became an underground guerilla movement in Cameroon after 1955. The UPC attempted in this period and well into the 1960s to build up an international anticolonial network, to mobilize against the structures of collusion between the Ahidjo Government and French institutions. Sharp notably offers a fresh interpretation of UPC activities between 1962 and 1966, which as a phase of the movement has not yet attracted scholarly interest. He links these experiences to the new situation of Cameroon under multi-party democracy from the 1990s, in which many opposition groups have attempted to ‘reveal’ this ‘hidden history’, as a method to secure international support for their political projects. This is especially true of secessionist Anglophone groups, whose leaders, like those of the UPC, claim to have been dispossessed of a ‘true’ independence by the continuation of neo-colonial relationships, as brutal and marginalizing practices.
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Takougang, Joseph. "Cameroon: Biya and Incremental Reform." In Political Reform in Francophone Africa, 162–81. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429498183-10.
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Abanda, F. H., M. B. Manjia, C. Pettang, Joseph H. M. Tah, and G. E. Nkeng. "Building Information Modelling in Cameroon." In Civil and Environmental Engineering, 145–72. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9619-8.ch005.
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BIM has recently gained ground in developed countries. However, the use of BIM in developing countries including Cameroon is not well-known. In this study, BIM implementation in Cameroon is explored. The research methods used are a pilot study, electronic email surveys and in-depth phone interviews. Altogether, 179 professionals having at least a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering from the National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé I - Cameroon, a leading engineering institution in Francophone Africa, were sampled. Forty six provided feedback yielding a response rate of 25.7%. It emerged that some BIM software are already being used in Cameroon. However, major barriers hindering BIM uptake are high license fee and lack of huge projects that can pay off the cost of investment in BIM. Perhaps, partly because the respondents were highly skilled, it emerged that the lack of expertise was/is not a major problem to use BIM in projects. Although this study is limited to Cameroon, many recommendations could be relevant to other African countries.
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Billa Robert, Nanche. "Protest March Restrictions in Cameroon." In Human Rights Matters [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96024.
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Southern Cameroonians stage protest marches because of their low or negative social status identity comparative to their French-speaking compatriot. This produces a negative perception of themselves: that of a marginalized people which is a negative or a low social identity. Accordingly, they try to change this situation by mobilizing their members for a protest march as it was on the 22nd September and 1st October, 2017 and their clamor for absolute independence is much clearer today than before. They have therefore constructed a collective identity with a common goal and an emotional bond of organizing protest marches, lockdowns and executing the weekly ghost towns among other. The shared goal of the Anglophone is different from that of the Francophone while one is protesting against the form of state and the protection of their English culture, the other is protesting against a change of government or better governance. In each protest, law enforcement officers brutalized, injured, harassed, seized and destroyed their phones, barred some from joining the demonstrations and dispersed them ruthlessly by violently repressing them, using teargas as well as shooting live bullets on the crowds. While southern Cameroonians share a collective identity and massively organize protest marches, their French-speaking compatriots have conflicting interests and low protest march participation.
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Billa Robert, Nanche. "Uprising and Human Rights Abuses in Southern Cameroon-Ambazonia." In Education, Human Rights and Peace in Sustainable Development. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91053.
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In 2016, lawyers, teachers and students in the two Anglophone regions initially led demonstrations and strikes, which eventually involved a wider section of the population. This mobilization was against their marginalization by the Francophone-dominated government in which they were chronically under-represented in all aspects of national life: political appointments and professional training and had been treated as second-class citizens since their reunification. They argued that their vibrant economic and political institutions had been completely erased, and their education and judicial systems had been undermined and degraded. Activists spread videos that show security forces abusing human rights (by suppressing peaceful gatherings, beating, harassing, arresting and killing protesters, burning their houses, schools and hospitals) in order to produce a counter-narrative to the ‘official story’ that main-stream media had been producing. We collected and analyzed 30 videos to better appreciate the human rights abuses. The videos provide information that cannot be provided by other types of data. They are used as ‘proofs of facts’ and they contain much more visual information on bodily movement and acoustic data. The videos show appalling images not just of how French-speaking soldiers tortured Anglophones but also their inability to communicate with them adequately although they share the same country.
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Drescher, Martina. "21 Cameroun." In Manuel des francophonies, edited by Ursula Reutner. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110348217-022.
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Hodieb, Liliane. "Quelle politique linguistique pour le Cameroun ?" In Plurilinguisme et tensions identitaires, 35–44. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3772.
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Le Cameroun compte plus de 230 langues. Avec le français et l’anglais comme langues officielles, les langues nationales ou « indigènes » n’ont aucun statut réel. La situation linguistique du Cameroun est doublement conflictuelle. En effet on assiste d’un côté, à une « guerre » entre anglophones et francophones, et de l’autre côté, entre les langues officielles et les langues nationales. La colonisation a certes une grande part de responsabilité dans ce problème, mais il serait simpliste de considérer ce facteur comme l’unique cause de la crise qui sévit actuellement au Cameroun. Plus qu’une crise politico- linguistique, il s’agit manifestement d’une crise identitaire. D’où la question, quelle politique linguistique pour le Cameroun ? Après avoir fait une revue de la littérature sur la sociolinguistique du Cameroun, nous montrerons, à partir de la « Language Management Theory » (Nekvapil et Sherman 2015), qu’une politique linguistique plus inclusive, c’est-à-dire de type «bottom-up », pourrait aider à pallier les conflits.
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Noumssi, Gérard Marie, and Rodolphine-Sylvie Wamba. "Approche écolinguistique du français à l’ouest du Cameroun." In Environnement francophone en milieu plurilingue, 433–49. Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pub.35437.
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